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Krings G, Shamir ER, Laé M, Bean GR, Post MD, Schnitt SJ, Chen YY. Serous-like breast carcinomas: immunophenotypic, genetic, and clinicopathologic characterization of a morphologically distinct group of tumours. Histopathology 2025; 86:779-792. [PMID: 39654368 DOI: 10.1111/his.15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
AIMS Unusual morphologic patterns of breast carcinomas can raise diagnostic consideration for metastasis or special breast cancer subtypes with management implications. We describe rare invasive breast cancers that mimic serous carcinoma of the gynaecologic tract (serous-like breast carcinomas, SLBC) and characterize their clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features. METHODS AND RESULTS All patients were female (n = 15, median age 49 years) without a history of gynaecologic malignancy. SLBC were characterized histologically by angulated, branched, sometimes anastomosing glands with micropapillary and/or pseudopapillary luminal projections in desmoplastic stroma. Most SLBC were triple-negative (TN, n = 10) or HER2-positive (n = 2) and grade 2 or 3, while some were oestrogen receptor (ER) low-positive/HER2-negative and low-grade (n = 3). CK5/6 was positive irrespective of grade or receptor status (10/10). All SLBC expressed GATA3 (14/15), TRPS1 (7/7), and/or mammaglobin (4/13). SOX10 was positive in most TN (9/10) and all ER low-positive (3/3) cases, but negative in HER2-positive tumours. WT1 was universally negative, and PAX8 was focal in one mammaglobin-positive tumour. All ER-negative SLBC were p53-aberrant and 9/11 were p16-aberrant, whereas ER-positive tumours were wildtype for both markers (3/3). TP53 was the only frequently mutated gene, altered in all ER-negative (10/10) but no ER-positive (0/4) tumours. Clinical behaviour was variable. Only 1/6 patients achieved pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION SLBC is a rare morphologic pattern of invasive breast carcinoma that mimics metastatic serous gynaecologic carcinoma, a potential diagnostic pitfall. SLBC are heterogeneous with respect to grade, receptor profile, and oncogenic driver alterations, without specific genetic underpinnings identified. Additional studies are warranted to further evaluate the clinical behaviour of these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Krings
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eliah R Shamir
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marick Laé
- Department of Pathology, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | - Gregory R Bean
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Miriam D Post
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stuart J Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Carrasco-Tenezaca F, Moreira-Dinzey J, Manrai PA, Bearse M, Burela S, Podany P, Singh K, Pareja F, Zheng J, Muscato NE, Liang Y, Zhan H, Krishnamurti U, Dolezal D, Wang J, Harigopal M. Breast Carcinoma With Tubulopapillary Features Has a Distinct Immunophenotypic and Molecular Signature: A Report of Two Tumors and Literature Review. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:1037-1045. [PMID: 37908113 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231209780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast carcinoma with tubulopapillary features is a newly described entity associated with poor prognosis with only 14 tumors reported in the literature. We report 2 additional tumors and identify novel immunohistochemical and molecular features of the tumor. The first tumor was from a 72-year-old woman with nonmetastatic breast carcinoma and the second was from a 32-year-old woman with metastatic breast carcinoma who received neoadjuvant therapy. Both tumors had high-grade nuclear features with a distinctive morphology characterized by infiltrating open glands with intratubular papillary and micropapillary projections in >90% of the invasive carcinoma. In addition to the usual predictors of aggressive behavior, both tumors showed a high expression of p16 and SOX10, which has not been previously described. Targeted tumor sequencing revealed pathogenic variants of TP53 in both tumors, in agreement with previous reports. Prior studies have shown a correlation between p16 and SOX10 expression with high-grade features and worse prognosis; typically seen in triple-negative carcinomas as demonstrated in both of our tumors. However, not all reported tumors of breast carcinoma with tubulopapillary features have demonstrated a triple-negative profile as there are a few reports of tumors with estrogen receptor and/or human epidermal growth factor 2 expression. Due to their distinct morphologic and molecular characteristics, breast carcinoma with tubulopapillary features may represent a new breast cancer histologic subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Padmini A Manrai
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mayara Bearse
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Peter Podany
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Singh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Fresia Pareja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicole E Muscato
- Department of Pathology, Lawrence and Memorial Hospital, New London, CT, USA
| | - Yuanxin Liang
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haiying Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Uma Krishnamurti
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Darin Dolezal
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Malini Harigopal
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Li M, Zhou S, Lv H, Cai M, Wan X, Lu H, Shui R, Yang W. FOXC1 and SOX10 in Estrogen Receptor-Low Positive/HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: Potential Biomarkers for the Basal-like Phenotype Prediction. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:461-470. [PMID: 37406289 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0370-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Breast cancer with low (1%-10%) estrogen receptor (ER) expression (ER-low positive) constitutes a small portion of invasive breast cancers, and the treatment strategy for these tumors remains debatable. OBJECTIVE.— To characterize the features and outcomes of ER-low positive patients, and clarify the clinical significance of FOXC1 and SOX10 expression in ER-low positive/HER2-negative tumors. DESIGN.— Among 9082 patients diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer, the clinicopathologic features of those with ER-low positive breast cancer were characterized. FOXC1 and SOX10 mRNA levels were analyzed in ER-low positive/HER2-negative cases from public data sets. The expression of FOXC1 and SOX10 in ER-low positive/HER2-negative tumors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS.— The clinicopathologic study of ER-low positive tumors indicated more aggressive characteristics compared with those tumors with ER >10%, while they had more overlapping features with ER-negative tumors irrespective of the HER2 status. The intrinsic molecular subtype of ER-low positive cases with high FOXC1 and SOX10 mRNA expression was more likely to be nonluminal. Among the ER-low positive/HER2-negative tumors, 56.67% (51 of 90) and 36.67% (33 of 90) were positive for FOXC1 and SOX10, respectively, which was significantly positively correlated with CK5/6 expression. In addition, the survival analysis demonstrated no significant difference between patients who received and who did not receive endocrine therapy. CONCLUSIONS.— ER-low positive breast cancers biologically overlap more with ER-negative tumors. ER-low positive/HER2-negative cases demonstrate a high rate of FOXC1 or SOX10 expression, and these cases might be better categorized as a basal-like phenotype/subtype. FOXC1 and SOX10 testing may be used for the intrinsic phenotype prediction for ER-low positive/HER2-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Shuling Zhou
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Hong Lv
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Mengyuan Cai
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Hongfen Lu
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Ruohong Shui
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Wentao Yang
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
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Tariq MU, Siddiqui MA, Ud Din N, Kayani N. Role of SOX10 Immunohistochemical Expression in Diagnosing Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Its Correlation With Clinicopathological Features. Cureus 2024; 16:e59276. [PMID: 38813332 PMCID: PMC11135236 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a diagnostic challenge for histopathologists due to the reduced frequency of breast-specific markers. SOX10 has emerged as a useful diagnostic marker for TNBC. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of SOX-10 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression in our cohort and assess its correlation with clinicopathological and histological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 72 primary TNBC cases. Specimens included tru-cut biopsies and excision specimens. We stained whole slide sections of these specimens with SOX10 antibody and calculated its frequency (%) of expression and H-score. We applied the chi-square test to assess the correlation between SOX10 expression and clinicopathological and histological features such as the patient's age, specimen type, tumor size, histological type, histological grade, nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic count, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), necrosis, calcification, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), lymph node involvement, T stage, and N stage. RESULTS SOX10 expression was observed in 42 (58.3%) cases with a median H-score of 57.5. The expression was significantly higher in tru-cut biopsy specimens as compared to excision specimens (73.5 vs 41.7%) and TILs negative tumors as compared to TILs positive tumors (64.3% vs 27.3). Metaplastic carcinoma showed reduced expression when compared with non-metaplastic tumors (35.7% vs 63.8%), but statistical significance was not achieved. No correlation was observed with the patient's age, tumor size, histological type, histological grade, nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic count, necrosis, calcification, LVI, lymph node involvement, T stage, and N stage. CONCLUSION SOX10 was expressed in more than half of the TNBC cases of our study which not only highlights its diagnostic utility but advocated its application in combination with other breast-specific markers. The expression didn't correlate with the majority of clinicopathological and histological features, but correlation with tru-cut biopsy specimens and absence of TILs draws attention towards possible roles of proper fixation and host immunity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nasir Ud Din
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Naila Kayani
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
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Xu N, Li B, Liu Y, Yang C, Tang S, Cho WC, Huang Z. Ferroptosis and triple-negative breast cancer: Potential therapeutic targets. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1017041. [PMID: 36568247 PMCID: PMC9780505 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1017041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, it has higher recurrence and metastatic rates than other breast cancer subtypes. This study aims to investigate biomarkers and potential targets for TNBC related to ferroptosis through data mining and bioinformatics analysis. The findings may provide new insights for treating TNBC. METHODS The TNBC patients' data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were extracted for differential expression and prognosis analysis. Consensus genes obtained by intersecting differential expressed and ferroptosis-related genes was used to establish the prognostic model by the univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. Besides, TNBC data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to confirm the reliability of the prognosis model. Moreover, clinical information was analyzed by multifactorial independent analysis to identify independent prognostic factors. The expression of genes constituting the prognostic model was further validated using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Finally, the Comparative Toxicogenomic Data (CTD) database was used to explore possible treatment drugs for TNBC. RESULTS We obtained 13,245 differential expressed genes, and 177 consensus genes. 98 genes with prognostic implication were obtained by univariable Cox. Then, a prognostic model including 12 ferroptosis-related genes was constructed by multivariable Cox. The area under curve (AUC) value of the prognostic model for TNBC was 0.82. The GEO database validated that the model (AUC = 0.77) could predict the patient outcomes. The staining results of 10 out of 12 prognostic model genes in HPA database showed that their expression was consistent with our predictions. Clinical risk analysis indicated that risk score of patients could act as an independent prognostic factor. Finally, six drugs that may have interaction with 12 ferroptosis-related genes were obtained using the CTD database. CONCLUSION The prognostic model composed of 12 ferroptosis-related genes could predict the prognosis of TNBC patients, and seven genes (ASNS, LAMP2, CAV1, DPP4, HELLS, TF, ZFP69B) could be potential new therapeutic targets for TNBC, and two drugs (1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, rosiglitazone) could act as potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Baohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Liu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui Yang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqi Tang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Ding Q, Huo L, Peng Y, Yoon EC, Li Z, Sahin AA. Immunohistochemical Markers for Distinguishing Metastatic Breast Carcinoma from Other Common Malignancies: Update and Revisit. Semin Diagn Pathol 2022; 39:313-321. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yoon EC, Wang G, Parkinson B, Huo L, Peng Y, Wang J, Salisbury T, Wu Y, Chen H, Albarracin CT, Resetkova E, Middleton LP, Krishnamurthy S, Gan Q, Sun H, Huang X, Shen T, Chen W, Parwani AV, Sahin AA, Li Z, Ding Q. TRPS1, GATA3, and SOX10 expression in triple-negative breast carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2022; 125:97-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Ronchi A, Zito Marino F, Toni G, Pagliuca F, Russo D, Signoriello G, Moscarella E, Brancaccio G, Argenziano G, Franco R, Cozzolino I. Diagnostic performance of melanocytic markers for immunocytochemical evaluation of lymph-node melanoma metastases on cytological samples. J Clin Pathol 2022; 75:45-49. [PMID: 33509946 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The diagnosis of metastatic cutaneous melanoma (CM) on lymph node fine needle aspiration samples may be challenging and usually requires confirmation by immunocytochemistry. However, the cytological material could be too scant to order a broad panel of markers. In this case, the pathologist is forced to choose the most advantageous antibodies. The most commonly used melanocytic markers include S100, Melan-A, HMB45 and SOX10 but their diagnostic yield on cytological samples has been poorly studied. The current work aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of melanocytic markers when applied to cell blocks obtained from fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lymph node metastases from CM. METHODS S100, Melan-A, HMB45 and SOX10 were tested on cell block sections of 38 lymphnode metastases from CM diagnosed by cytology. A combined score was built to evaluate each immunostaining, considering the intensity of the staining and the percentage of stained neoplastic cells. RESULTS S100 and SOX10 revealed a higher sensitivity (100%) than Melan-A and HMB45 for the diagnosis of metastatic CM. Furthermore, SOX10 emerged as the melanocytic marker with the best staining performance. CONCLUSION SOX10 has a 100% detection rate and the most easily interpretable staining pattern compared with other melanocytic markers. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that SOX10 is included in the minimal immunocytochemical panel for the diagnostic evaluation of lymph node FNAC in patients with suspected CM metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zito Marino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Toni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagliuca
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Signoriello
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Moscarella
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Brancaccio
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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9
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Jovanovic DV, Mitrovic SL, Milosavljevic MZ, Ilic MB, Stankovic VD, Vuletic MS, Dimitrijevic Stojanovic MN, Milosev DB, Azanjac GL, Nedeljkovic VM, Radovanovic D. Breast Cancer and p16: Role in Proliferation, Malignant Transformation and Progression. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9091240. [PMID: 34575014 PMCID: PMC8468846 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The definition of new molecular biomarkers could provide a more reliable approach in predicting the prognosis of invasive breast cancers (IBC). The aim of this study is to analyze the expression of p16 protein in IBC, as well as its participation in malignant transformation. The study included 147 patients diagnosed with IBC. The presence of non-invasive lesions (NIL) was noted in each IBC and surrounding tissue. p16 expression was determined by reading the percentage of nuclear and/or cytoplasmic expression in epithelial cells of IBC and NIL, but also in stromal fibroblasts. Results showed that expression of p16 increases with the progression of cytological changes in the epithelium; it is significantly higher in IBC compared to NIL (p < 0.0005). Cytoplasmic p16 expression is more prevalent in IBC (76.6%), as opposed to nuclear staining, which is characteristic of most NIL (21.1%). There is a difference in p16 expression between different molecular subtypes of IBC (p = 0.025). In the group of p16 positive tumors, pronounced mononuclear infiltrates (p = 0.047) and increased expression of p16 in stromal fibroblasts (p = 0.044) were noted. In conclusion, p16 protein plays an important role in proliferation, malignant transformation, as well as in progression from NIL to IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor V. Jovanovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.V.J.); (M.B.I.); (V.D.S.); (M.S.V.); (M.N.D.S.)
| | - Slobodanka L. Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.V.J.); (M.B.I.); (V.D.S.); (M.S.V.); (M.N.D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-658080877
| | - Milos Z. Milosavljevic
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.Z.M.); (D.B.M.)
| | - Milena B. Ilic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.V.J.); (M.B.I.); (V.D.S.); (M.S.V.); (M.N.D.S.)
| | - Vesna D. Stankovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.V.J.); (M.B.I.); (V.D.S.); (M.S.V.); (M.N.D.S.)
| | - Milena S. Vuletic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.V.J.); (M.B.I.); (V.D.S.); (M.S.V.); (M.N.D.S.)
| | - Milica N. Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.V.J.); (M.B.I.); (V.D.S.); (M.S.V.); (M.N.D.S.)
| | - Danijela B. Milosev
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.Z.M.); (D.B.M.)
| | - Goran L. Azanjac
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Vladica M. Nedeljkovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University in Pristina—Kosovska Mitrovica,38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia;
| | - Dragce Radovanovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
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10
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The role of SOX family transcription factors in gastric cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:608-624. [PMID: 33662423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. GC is the third-most common cause of cancer-related death after lung and colorectal cancer. It is also the fifth-most commonly diagnosed cancer. Accumulating evidence has revealed the role of signaling networks in GC progression. Identification of these molecular pathways can provide new insight into therapeutic approaches for GC. Several molecular factors involved in GC can play both onco-suppressor and oncogene roles. Sex-determining region Y (Sry)-box-containing (SOX) family members are transcription factors with a well-known role in cancer. SOX proteins can bind to DNA to regulate cellular pathways via a highly conserved domain known as high mobility group (HMG). In the present review, the roles of SOX proteins in the progression and/or inhibition of GC are discussed. The dual role of SOX proteins as tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing factors is highlighted. SOX members can affect upstream mediators (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and NF-κB) and down-stream mediators (FAK, HIF-1α, CDX2 and PTEN) in GC. The possible role of anti-tumor compounds to target SOX pathway members in GC therapy is described. Moreover, SOX proteins may be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GC.
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11
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Van Bockstal MR, Noel F, Guiot Y, Duhoux FP, Mazzeo F, Van Marcke C, Fellah L, Ledoux B, Berlière M, Galant C. Predictive markers for pathological complete response after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 49:151634. [PMID: 32987254 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A combination of Sox10 and GATA3 was previously identified as a marker for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but it is uncertain whether their expression is associated with pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This study investigates the predictive value of clinicopathological characteristics, as well as protein expression of Sox10, GATA3, p53 and p63, in a consecutive series of TNBC patients treated with NAC. Archived hematoxylin & eosin stained slides of core biopsies and resection specimens from 35 TNBC patients were reviewed. The following clinicopathological characteristics were determined at the biopsy level: age at diagnosis, cancer type, Nottingham grade, lympho-vascular invasion, syncytial growth, necrosis, clear cell differentiation, myxoid peritumor stroma, stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) and presence of an in situ component. The MD Anderson residual cancer burden (RCB) score and corresponding RCB class were determined. Immunohistochemistry for Sox10, p53, GATA3 and p63 was performed at the biopsy level. sTILs, either as a continuous or as a dichotomous variable, were the only parameter that was significantly associated with pCR in univariable and multivariable analyses. Assessment of sTILs showed moderate to good interobserver agreement. High sTILs (≥40%) were significantly associated with increased pCR rates, and this association was observer-independent. This retrospective study of a consecutive community-based cohort of TNBC patients confirms that sTILs are a robust, observer-independent predictor for therapeutic response after NAC. The combination of Sox10, GATA3 and p53 immunoreactivity is unlikely to harbor any predictive value for pCR in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke R Van Bockstal
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Breast Clinic, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fanchon Noel
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Guiot
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francois P Duhoux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Breast Clinic, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Medical Oncology, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filomena Mazzeo
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Breast Clinic, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Medical Oncology, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Van Marcke
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Breast Clinic, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Medical Oncology, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Latifa Fellah
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Breast Clinic, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Ledoux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Breast Clinic, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Oncologic Radiotherapy, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Berlière
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Breast Clinic, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Galant
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Breast Clinic, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Kriegsmann K, Flechtenmacher C, Heil J, Kriegsmann J, Mechtersheimer G, Aulmann S, Weichert W, Sinn HP, Kriegsmann M. Immunohistological Expression of SOX-10 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Descriptive Analysis of 113 Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176407. [PMID: 32899175 PMCID: PMC7503807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: SRY-related HMG-box 10 (SOX-10) is commonly expressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, data on the biological significance of SOX-10 expression is limited. Therefore, we investigated immunhistological SOX-10 expression in TNBC and correlated the results with genetic alterations and clinical data. Methods: A tissue microarray including 113 TNBC cases was stained by SOX-10. Immunohistological data of AR, BCL2, CD117, p53 and Vimentin was available from a previous study. Semiconductor-based panel sequencing data including commonly altered breast cancer genes was also available from a previous investigation. SOX-10 expression was correlated with clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic data. Results: SOX-10 was significantly associated with CD117 and Vimentin, but not with AR expression. An association of SOX-10 with BCL2, EGFR or p53 staining was not observed. SOX-10-positive tumors harbored more often TP53 mutations but less frequent mutations of PIK3CA or alterations of the PIK3K pathway. SOX-10 expression had no prognostic impact either on disease-free, distant disease-free, or overall survival. Conclusions: While there might be a value of SOX-10 as a differential diagnostic marker to identify metastases of TNBC, its biological role remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Christa Flechtenmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.F.); (G.M.); (H.-P.S.)
| | - Jörg Heil
- Breast Unit, Women’s Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Jörg Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, Cytology and Molecular Pathology, 54296 Trier, Germany;
- Danube Private University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Gunhild Mechtersheimer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.F.); (G.M.); (H.-P.S.)
| | | | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, TU Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Hans-Peter Sinn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.F.); (G.M.); (H.-P.S.)
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.F.); (G.M.); (H.-P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-36930
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