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Allison SD, AdeelaYasid N, Shariff FM, Abdul Rahman N. Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Application of Organic Solvent-Stable and Detergent-Compatible Thermostable Alkaline Protease from Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius SKF4. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:436-456. [PMID: 38044750 PMCID: PMC10940756 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Several thermostable proteases have been identified, yet only a handful have undergone the processes of cloning, comprehensive characterization, and full exploitation in various industrial applications. Our primary aim in this study was to clone a thermostable alkaline protease from a thermophilic bacterium and assess its potential for use in various industries. The research involved the amplification of the SpSKF4 protease gene, a thermostable alkaline serine protease obtained from the Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius SKF4 bacterium through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The purified recombinant SpSKF4 protease was characterized, followed by evaluation of its possible industrial applications. The analysis of the gene sequence revealed an open reading frame (ORF) consisting of 1,206 bp, coding for a protein containing 401 amino acids. The cloned gene was expressed in Escherichia coli. The molecular weight of the enzyme was measured at 28 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The partially purified enzyme has its highest activity at a pH of 10 and a temperature of 80°C. In addition, the enzyme showed a half-life of 15 h at 80°C, and there was a 60% increase in its activity at 10 mM Ca2+ concentration. The activity of the protease was completely inhibited (100%) by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF); however, the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) resulted in a 20% increase in activity. The enzyme was also stable in various organic solvents and in certain commercial detergents. Furthermore, the enzyme exhibited strong potential for industrial use, particularly as a detergent additive and for facilitating the recovery of silver from X-ray film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman D Allison
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Moddibo Adama University, Yola 640230, Nigeria
| | - Nur AdeelaYasid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fairolniza Mohd Shariff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor'Aini Abdul Rahman
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
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Nwankwo C, Hou J, Cui HL. Extracellular proteases from halophiles: diversity and application challenges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5923-5934. [PMID: 37566160 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12721-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Halophilic extracellular proteases offer promising application in various fields. Information on these prominent proteins including the synthesizing organisms, biochemical properties, domain organisation, purification, and application challenges has never been covered in recent reviews. Although extracellular proteases from bacteria pioneered the study of proteases in halophiles, progress is being made in proteases from halophilic archaea. Recent advances in extracellular proteases from archaea revealed that archaeal proteases are more robust and applicable. Extracellular proteases are composed of domains that determine their mechanisms of action. The intriguing domain structure of halophilic extracellular proteases consists of N-terminal domain, catalytic domain, and C-terminal extension. The role of C-terminal domains varies among different organisms. A high diversity of C-terminal domains would endow the proteases with diverse functions. With the development of genomics, culture-independent methods involving heterologous expression, affinity chromatography, and in vitro refolding are deployed with few challenges on purification and presenting novel research opportunities. Halophilic extracellular proteases have demonstrated remarkable potentials in industries such as detergent, leather, peptide synthesis, and biodegradation, with desirable properties and ability to withstand harsh industrial processes. KEY POINTS: • Halophilic extracellular proteases have robust properties suitable for applications. • A high diversity of C-terminal domains may endow proteases with diverse properties. • Novel protease extraction methods present novel application opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidiebele Nwankwo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Natural Sciences Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410002, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410002, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Jing Hou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng-Lin Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Wang X, Dong T, Zhou Q, Tong L, Zheng J, Qin X, Wang X, Wang Y, Yao B, Huang H, Luo H. Improving the Activity and Stability of Serine Protease ThAPT3 by Alleviating Self-Cleavage and Its Application in Deproteinization of Shrimp Shells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7777-7790. [PMID: 37161941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The self-cleavage properties of proteases result in low activity and instability, which limit their industrial application. In this study, the serine protease ThAPT3 from Torrubiella hemipterigena was successfully expressed in Komagataella phaffii. We investigated the self-degradation mechanism of ThAPT3 and presented a rational strategy to alleviate self-cleavage. A major self-degradation site (Leu238-Met239) and a primary autolysis region were identified. The autolysis regions (loop18, α8-helix, and loop19) were redesigned and optimized using loop transplantation, energy calculations, surface cavity optimization, and loop anchoring. A triple-superposition mutant, ThAPT3-M9 (M239GKDGAVAAGLC250 → M239TLNRTTAANAC250/A251E/A254Q/R259L/A267E/S280N), was obtained. Compared to the wild type, the autolysis of M9 was significantly alleviated, and its half-life at 60 °C was increased approximately 39-fold (from 1.6 to 62.4 min). The optimal temperature and specific activity of M9 increased by 5 °C (from 60 to 65 °C) and 62% (4985 vs 3078 U/mg), respectively. M9 showed significant advantages in shrimp shell deproteinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lige Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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4
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Pawar KS, Singh PN, Singh SK. Fungal alkaline proteases and their potential applications in different industries. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1138401. [PMID: 37065163 PMCID: PMC10098022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1138401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of various enzymes in industrial applications around the world has increased immensely. Nowadays, industries are more focused on incorporating microbial enzymes in multiple processes to avoid the hazardous effects of chemicals. Among these commercially exploited enzymes, proteases are the most abundantly used enzymes in different industries. Numerous bacterial alkaline proteases have been studied widely and are commercially available; however, fungi exhibit a broader variety of proteases than bacteria. Additionally, since fungi are often recognized as generally regarded as safe (GRAS), using them as enzyme producers is safer than using bacteria. Fungal alkaline proteases are appealing models for industrial use because of their distinct spectrum of action and enormous diversity in terms of being active under alkaline range of pH. Unlike bacteria, fungi are less studied for alkaline protease production. Moreover, group of fungi growing at alkaline pH has remained unexplored for their capability for the production of commercially valuable products that are stable at alkaline pH. The current review focuses on the detailed classification of proteases, the production of alkaline proteases from different fungi by fermentation (submerged and solid–state), and their potential applications in detergent, leather, food, pharmaceutical industries along with their important role in silk degumming, waste management and silver recovery processes. Furthermore, the promising role of alkali–tolerant and alkaliphilic fungi in enzyme production has been discussed briefly. This will highlight the need for more research on fungi growing at alkaline pH and their biotechnological potential.
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Mahakhan P, Apiso P, Srisunthorn K, Vichitphan K, Vichitphan S, Punyauppa-path S, Sawaengkaew J. Alkaline Protease Production from Bacillus gibsonii 6BS15-4 Using Dairy Effluent and Its Characterization as a Laundry Detergent Additive. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:195-202. [PMID: 36697226 PMCID: PMC9998202 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2210.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Protease is a widely used enzyme particularly in the detergent industry. In this research, we aimed to isolate alkaline protease-producing bacteria for characterization as a laundry detergent additive. The screening of alkaline protease production was investigated on basal medium agar plus 1% skim milk at pH 11, with incubation at 30°C. The highest alkaline protease-producing bacterium was 6BS15-4 strain, identified as Bacillus gibsonii by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. While the optimum pH was 12.0, the strain was stable at pH range 7.0-12.0 when incubated at 45°C for 60 min. The alkaline protease produced by B. gibsonii 6BS15-4 using dairy effluent was characterized. The optimum temperature was 60°C and the enzyme was stable at 55°C when incubated at pH 11.0 for 60 min. Metal ions K+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Na+, and Zn2+ exhibited a slightly stimulatory effect on enzyme activity. The enzyme retained over 80% of its activity in the presence of Ca2+, Ba2+, and Mn2+. Thiol reagent and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid did not inhibit the enzyme activity, whereas phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride significantly inhibited the protease activity. The alkaline protease from B. gibsonii 6BS15-4 demonstrated efficiency in blood stain removal and could therefore be used as a detergent additive, with potential for various other industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polson Mahakhan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patapee Apiso
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kannika Srisunthorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanit Vichitphan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Fermentation Research Center for Value-Added Agricultural Products (FerVAAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukanda Vichitphan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Fermentation Research Center for Value-Added Agricultural Products (FerVAAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukrita Punyauppa-path
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Surin Campus, Surin 32000, Thailand
| | - Jutaporn Sawaengkaew
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Fermentation Research Center for Value-Added Agricultural Products (FerVAAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Chen H, Wu J, Huang X, Feng X, Ji H, Zhao L, Wang J. Overexpression of Bacillus circulans alkaline protease in Bacillus subtilis and its potential application for recovery of protein from soybean dregs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:968439. [PMID: 36090104 PMCID: PMC9459226 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.968439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases are important for decomposition of proteins to generate peptides or amino acids and have a broad range of applications in different industries. Herein, a gene encoding an alkaline protease (AprBcp) from Bacillus circulans R1 was cloned and bioinformatics analyzed. In addition, a series of strategies were applied to achieve high-level expression of AprBcp in Bacillus subtilis. The maximum activity of AprBcp reached 165,870 U/ml after 60 h fed-batch cultivation in 50 l bioreactor. The purified recombinant AprBcp exhibited maximum activity at 60°C and pH 10.0, and remained stable in the range from pH 8.0 to 11.0 and 30 to 45°C. Metal ions Ca2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+ could improve the stability of AprBcp. Furthermore, the recombinant AprBcp displayed great potential application on the recovery of protein from soybean dregs. The results of this study will provide an effective method to prepare AprBcp in B. subtilis and its potential application on utilization of soybean dregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuzhong Feng
- Shenzhen Shanggutang Food Development Co., Ltd.,Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwu Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liangzhong Zhao
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Liangzhong Zhao,
| | - Jianrong Wang
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology and Environment Co., Ltd.,Shenzhen, China
- Jianrong Wang,
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7
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Mechri S, Bouacem K, Chalbi T, Khaled M, Allala F, Bouanane‐Darenfed A, Hacene H, Jaouadi B. A Taguchi design approach for the enhancement of a
detergent‐biocompatible
alkaline thermostable protease production by
Streptomyces mutabilis
strain
TN‐X30. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Khelifa Bouacem
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB) University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences (FBAS) University Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi‐Ouzou (UMMTO) Tizi‐Ouzou Algeria
| | - Taha‐Bilel Chalbi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Marwa Khaled
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Fawzi Allala
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB) University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
| | - Amel Bouanane‐Darenfed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB) University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
| | - Hocine Hacene
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB) University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
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Avcı A, Değirmen M, Akçay FA. Investigation of lentil flour utilization for the production of protease by Bacillus subtilis ZBP4. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1870109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Avcı
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Merve Değirmen
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Talas, Turkey
| | - Fikriye Alev Akçay
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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de Oliveira JM, Fernandes P, Benevides RG, de Assis SA. Characterization and immobilization of protease secreted by the fungus Moorella speciosa. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:419. [PMID: 32953381 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease was extracellularly produced in submerged fermentation by the fungus Moorella speciosa with maximum activity of 8.6 × 103 U/mL. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 6.78 and 60.88 °C, respectively. The enzyme was incubated in the presence of several ions at concentrations of 0.1 M and 0.01 M to address the effect on enzyme activity. Enzyme activity was increased by 56% and 130% in the presence of 0.1 M BaCl2 and of 0.01 M Na2SO4, respectively. The V max and K m values were 0.01474 U/min/mg protein and 0.04190 mg/mL, respectively. The enzyme retained about 90% of enzymatic activity at 90 °C. Among the methods tested for enzyme immobilization, adsorption onto MAT540 carrier led to the most promising results, since after 15 reuse cycles up to 60% of the initial catalytic activity was retained. Entrapment in calcium alginate matrix allowed to retain up to 51% of the initial catalytic activity after 8 reuse cycles. This protease from M. speciosa, in either free or immobilized form, can be foreseen as a useful biocatalytic tool in process design by reducing operating costs, decreasing the use of chemical processing and, consequently, meeting the global demand for clean technologies.
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Tarrahimofrad H, Meimandipour A, Arjmand S, Beigi Nassiri M, Jahangirian E, Tavana H, Zamani J, Rahimnahal S, Aminzadeh S. Structural and biochemical characterization of a novel thermophilic Coh01147 protease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234958. [PMID: 32574185 PMCID: PMC7310833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases play an essential role in living organisms and represent one of the largest groups of industrial enzymes. The aim of this work was recombinant production and characterization of a newly identified thermostable protease 1147 from thermophilum indigenous Cohnella sp. A01. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that protease 1147 is closely related to the cysteine proteases from DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily, with the conserved catalytic tetrad. Structural prediction using MODELLER 9v7 indicated that protease 1147 has an overall α/β sandwich tertiary structure. The gene of protease 1147 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21. The recombinant protease 1147 appeared as a homogenous band of 18 kDa in SDS-PAGE, which was verified by western blot and zymography. The recombinant protein was purified with a yield of approximately 88% in a single step using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Furthermore, a rapid one-step thermal shock procedure was successfully implemented to purify the protein with a yield of 73%. Using casein as the substrate, Km, and kcat, kcat/Km values of 13.72 mM, 3.143 × 10−3 (s-1), and 0.381 (M-1 S-1) were obtained, respectively. The maximum protease activity was detected at pH = 7 and 60°C with the inactivation rate constant (kin) of 2.10 × 10–3 (m-1), and half-life (t1/2) of 330.07 min. Protease 1147 exhibited excellent stability to organic solvent, metal ions, and 1% SDS. The protease activity was significantly enhanced by Tween 20 and Tween 80 and suppressed by cysteine protease specific inhibitors. Docking results and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that Tween 20 interacted with protease 1147 via hydrogen bonds and made the structure more stable. CD and fluorescence spectra indicated structural changes taking place at 100°C, very basic and acidic pH, and in the presence of Tween 20. These properties make this newly characterized protease a potential candidate for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Tarrahimofrad
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University Khouzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Amir Meimandipour
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Arjmand
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadtaghi Beigi Nassiri
- Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University Khouzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Jahangirian
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States of America
| | - Javad Zamani
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Rahimnahal
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University Khouzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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11
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Yang S, Zhai L, Huang L, Meng D, Li J, Hao Z, Guan Z, Cai Y, Liao X. Mining of alkaline proteases from Bacillus altitudinis W3 for desensitization of milk proteins: Their heterologous expression, purification, and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:1220-1230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Statistical optimisation of protease production using a freshwater bacterium Chryseobacterium cucumeris SARJS-2 for multiple industrial applications. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:279. [PMID: 32537379 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Feathers, rich in keratin, are usually the unused by-products of poultry industries. In addition, the cast-off X-ray films serve as secondary sources of silver, and the traditional method of silver extraction from this source is costly and not eco-friendly. Therefore, the current study focuses on protease production using a freshwater bacterium Chryseobacterium cucumeris SARJS-2, aiming to convert these wastes into useful products. The protease production was optimized by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), followed by Plackett Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The protease production got enhanced by more than two folds after the statistical optimisation. Upon partial purification, the enzyme activity increased by approximately three folds. The protease was active in the range of temperatures from 25 to 75 °C, but the optimum temperature was recorded as 35 °C. The protease exhibited detergent compatibility and organic solvent stability. The detergent compatibility suggests the protease could be a detergent additive. It was also found that the presence of Fe+2 enhanced protease activity. The protease was tested for stain removal, feather degradation and silver recovery applications. It was found that the protease could efficiently remove stains of blood and tomato sauce. In addition, the protease was found to be a successful candidate for feather degradation, thereby feather-hydrolysate production which has prominent roles as nature-friendly fertilizer and animal feed ingredient. The protease also degraded gelatin from the X-ray films to release the silver-halides for silver recovery. The results recommend that the SARJS-2 protease is a potential candidate for use in eco-friendly applications in various industrial sectors.
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13
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Osire T, Yang T, Xu M, Zhang X, Li X, Niyomukiza S, Rao Z. Lys-Arg mutation improved the thermostability of Bacillus cereus neutral protease through increased residue interactions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:173. [PMID: 31673794 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neutral proteases have broad application as additives in modern laundry detergents and therefore, thermostability is an integral parameter for effective production of protein crystals. To improve thermostability, the contribution of individual residues of Bacillus cereus neutral protease was examined by site-directed mutagenesis. The Lys11Arg and Lys211Arg mutants clearly possessed improved thermostabilities (Tm were 63 and 61 °C respectively) compared to the wild-type (Tm was 60 °C). MD simulations further revealed that the mutants had low RMSD and RMSF values compared to wild-type BCN indicating increased stability of the protein structure. Lys11Arg mutant particularly possessed the lowest RMSD values due to increased residue interactions, which resulted in enhanced thermostability. The mutants also displayed strong stability to most inhibitors, organic solvents and surfactants after incubation for 1 h. This study demonstrated Lys-Arg mutation enhanced thermostability of BCN and thus provides insight for engineering stabilizing mutations with improved thermostability for related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolbert Osire
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Samuel Niyomukiza
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Gimenes NC, Silveira E, Tambourgi EB. An Overview of Proteases: Production, Downstream Processes and Industrial Applications. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2019.1677249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar Silveira
- Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Brazilian Savanna’s, Diversity Research Center, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Omrane Benmrad M, Mechri S, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Ben Elhoul M, Rekik H, Sayadi S, Bejar S, Kechaou N, Jaouadi B. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable protease from the oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju strain CTM10057 with industrial interest. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:43. [PMID: 31262286 PMCID: PMC6604391 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteases are hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze peptide linkage cleavage reactions at the level of proteins and peptides with different degrees of specificity. This group draws the attention of industry. More than one protease in three is a serine protease. Classically, they are active at neutral to alkaline pH. The serine proteases are researched for industrial uses, especially detergents. They are the most commercially available enzyme group in the world market. Overall, fungi produced extracellular proteases, easily separated from mycelium by filtration. RESULTS A new basidiomycete fungus CTM10057, a hyperproducer of a novel protease (10,500 U/mL), was identified as Pleurotus sajor-caju (oyster mushroom). The enzyme, called SPPS, was purified to homogeneity by heat-treatment (80 °C for 20 min) followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation (35-55%)-dialysis, then UNO Q-6 FPLC ion-exchange chromatography and finally HPLC-ZORBAX PSM 300 HPSEC gel filtration chromatography, and submitted to biochemical characterization assays. The molecular mass was estimated to be 65 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Native-PAGE, casein-zymography, and size exclusion by HPLC. A high homology with mushroom proteases was displayed by the first 26 amino-acid residues of the NH2-terminal aminoacid sequence. Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diiodopropyl fluorophosphates (DFP) strongly inhibit SPPS, revealing that it is a member of the serine-proteases family. The pH and temperature optima were 9.5 and 70 °C, respectively. Interestingly, SPPS possesses the most elevated hydrolysis level and catalytic efficiency in comparison with SPTC, Flavourzyme® 500 L, and Thermolysin type X proteases. More remarkably, a high tolerance towards organic solvent tolerance was exhibited by SPPS, together with considerable detergent stability compared to the commercial proteases Thermolysin type X and Flavourzyme® 500 L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This proves the excellent proprieties characterizing SPPS, making it a potential candidate for industrial applications especially detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Omrane Benmrad
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Zaraî Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Elhoul
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Rekik
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses (LEBP), LMI COSYS-Med, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Kechaou
- Research Group of Agro-Food Processing Engineering (GP2A), Laboratory of Applied Fluid Mechanics, Process Engineering and Environment, National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Road of Soukra Km 4, P.O. Box 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Mechri S, Bouacem K, Jabeur F, Mohamed S, Addou NA, Dab A, Bouraoui A, Bouanane-Darenfed A, Bejar S, Hacène H, Baciou L, Lederer F, Jaouadi B. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable and halotolerant subtilisin SAPN, a serine protease from Melghiribacillus thermohalophilus Nari2A T for chitin extraction from crab and shrimp shell by-products. Extremophiles 2019; 23:529-547. [PMID: 31236718 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the purification and biochemical characterization of a novel extracellular serine alkaline protease, subtilisin (called SAPN) from Melghiribacillus thermohalophilus Nari2AT. The highest yield of protease (395 IU/g) with white shrimp shell by-product (40 g/L) as a unique source of nutriments in the growth medium was achieved after 52 h at 55 °C. The monomeric enzyme of about 30 kDa was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat treatment, followed by sequential column chromatographies. The optimum pH and temperature values for subtilisin activity were pH 10 and 75 °C, respectively, and half lives of 9 and 5 h at 80 and 90 °C, respectively. The sequence of the 25 NH2-terminal residues pertaining of SAPN exhibited a high homology with those of Bacillus subtilisins. The inhibition by DFP and PMSF indicates that this enzyme belongs to the serine proteases family. SAPN was found to be effective in the deproteinization (DDP %) of blue swimming crab (Portunus segnis) and white shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros) by-products, with a degree of 65 and 82%, respectively. The commercial and the two chitins obtained in this work showed a similar peak pattern in Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, suggesting that SAPN is suitable for the bio-production of chitin from shell by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khelifa Bouacem
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fadoua Jabeur
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sara Mohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nariman Ammara Addou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ahlam Dab
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Bouraoui
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (LCP), CNRS UMR 8000, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Amel Bouanane-Darenfed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hocine Hacène
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Laura Baciou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (LCP), CNRS UMR 8000, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Florence Lederer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (LCP), CNRS UMR 8000, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia. .,Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Aguilar JGDS, Castro RJSD, Sato HH. ALKALINE PROTEASE PRODUCTION BY Bacillus licheniformis LBA 46 IN A BENCH REACTOR: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND AGITATION. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190362s20180014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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A novel alkaline protease from alkaliphilic Idiomarina sp. C9-1 with potential application for eco-friendly enzymatic dehairing in the leather industry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16467. [PMID: 30405184 PMCID: PMC6220337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline proteases have a myriad of potential applications in many industrial processes such as detergent, food and feed production, waste management and the leather industry. In this study, we isolated several alkaline protease producing bacteria from soda lake soil samples. A novel serine alkaline protease (AprA) gene from alkaliphilic Idiomarina sp. C9-1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified AprA and its pre-peptidase C-terminal (PPC) domain-truncated enzyme (AprA-PPC) showed maximum activity at pH 10.5 and 60 °C, and were active and stable in a wide range of pH and temperature. Ca2+ significantly improved the thermostability and increased the optimal temperature to 70 °C. Furthermore, both AprA and AprA-PPC showed good tolerance to surfactants and oxidizing and reducing agents. We found that the PPC domain contributed to AprA activity, thermostability and surfactant tolerance. With casein as substrate, AprA and AprA-PPC showed the highest specific activity of 42567.1 U mg−1 and 99511.9 U mg−1, the Km values of 3.76 mg ml−1 and 3.98 mg ml−1, and the Vmax values of 57538.5 U mg−1 and 108722.1 U mg−1, respectively. Secreted expression of AprA-PPC in Bacillus subtilis after 48 h cultivation resulted in yield of 4935.5 U ml−1 with productivity of 102.8 U ml−1 h−1, which is the highest reported in literature to date. Without adding any lime or sodium sulfide, both of which are harmful pollutants, AprA-PPC was effective in dehairing cattle hide and skins of goat, pig and rabbit in 8–12 h without causing significant damage to hairs and grain surface. Our results suggest that AprA-PPC may have great potentials for ecofriendly dehairing of animal skins in the leather industry.
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Omrane Benmrad M, Moujehed E, Ben Elhoul M, Mechri S, Bejar S, Zouari R, Baffoun A, Jaouadi B. Production, purification, and biochemical characterization of serine alkaline protease from Penicillium chrysogenium strain X5 used as excellent bio-additive for textile processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:1002-1016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Gulmez C, Altinkaynak C, Özdemir N, Atakisi O. Proteinase K hybrid nanoflowers (P-hNFs) as a novel nanobiocatalytic detergent additive. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:803-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Ramkumar A, Sivakumar N, Gujarathi AM, Victor R. Production of thermotolerant, detergent stable alkaline protease using the gut waste of Sardinella longiceps as a substrate: Optimization and characterization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12442. [PMID: 30127443 PMCID: PMC6102305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut wastes of Sardinella longiceps were used as substrate for protease production. The gut waste has 61.6% proteins, 21.8% lipids, 8.5% carbohydrates on dry weight basis and trace elements. The significant factors of protease fermentation were screened by Plackett-Burman design. A protease activity of 68.56 U/ml was predicted at 46.31 °C, incubation time 71.11 h, inoculum 4.86% (v/v) and substrate concentration 2.66% (w/v), using response surface methodology. However, the validation experiment showed 73.52 U/ml activity. The artificial neural network was found as a better tool to predict the experimental results. The partially purified protease showed higher activity at pH 9 and 10 and retained 90% activity after 120 h at pH 9. It showed maximum activity at 50 °C and retained 88% residual activity until 90 min at 50 °C. Zn++ enhanced the protease activity by 40%. The protease retained an activity of 93, 103, 90 and 98% against urea, β-mercaptoethanol, SDS and tween 80 respectively. The alkaline protease was compatible with all the commercial detergents tested with the residual activity above 90%. The alkaline protease exhibited 22% higher activity on the tryptone soya substrate. The gut waste of S. longiceps is a worthy low cost substrate for the production of industrially important alkaline protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Ramkumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, PC 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nallusamy Sivakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, PC 123, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Ashish M Gujarathi
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Reginald Victor
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, PC 123, Muscat, Oman
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Purification, biochemical, and molecular characterization of novel protease from Bacillus licheniformis strain K7A. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:1033-1048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Abdel Wahab WA, Ahmed SA. Response surface methodology for production, characterization and application of solvent, salt and alkali-tolerant alkaline protease from isolated fungal strain Aspergillus niger WA 2017. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:447-458. [PMID: 29678788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Isolated strain Aspergillus niger WA 2017 was selected as potential protease producer and was identified on the basis of 18S rDNA gene homology. Optimization of protease production conditions was performed using statistical methodology. The most significant factors were identified by Plackett-Burman design (PB) and were optimized by Central Composite design (CCD). The enzyme production was increased by 3.6-fold with statistically optimized medium when compared to the basal medium. Based on the protease activity, 25-50% ethanol fraction exhibited the highest specific activity. The partially purified enzyme showed its highest activity (4.7-fold) after 10 min incubation at pH 10.0 and 60 °C. The enzyme was stable over a wide range of pH (7-11) and salt concentration (up to 20%). Kinetic parameters Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) were calculated at varying casein concentrations. Additionally, thermal stability of the enzyme was substantially improved by NaCl. The enzyme showed excellent stability and compatibility in presence of organic solvents and detergents retaining 115.3 and 114.5% of its activity in presence of ethanol and Tide, respectively at 40 °C for 1 h. The results revealed that the produced enzyme was able to recover silver from used X-ray film under optimized condition using statistical methodology (CCD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A Abdel Wahab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Ahmed
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Gulmez C, Atakisi O, Dalginli KY, Atakisi E. A novel detergent additive: Organic solvent- and thermo-alkaline-stable recombinant subtilisin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:436-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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dos Santos Aguilar JG, Sato HH. Microbial proteases: Production and application in obtaining protein hydrolysates. Food Res Int 2018; 103:253-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Optimized production and characterization of a detergent-stable protease from Lysinibacillus fusiformis C250R. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:383-397. [PMID: 28315440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to optimize the cultural and nutritional conditions for protease production by Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain C250R in submerged fermentation process using statistical methodology. The most significant factors (gruel, wheat bran, yeast extract, and FeSO4) were identified by Plackett-Burman design. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum levels of the screened factors and their interaction. Under the optimized conditions, protease yield 3100U/mL was 4.5 folds higher than those obtained by the use of the initial conditions (680U/mL). Additionally, a new extracellular 51kDa-protease, designated SAPLF, was purified and biochemically characterized from strain C250R. It shows optimum activity at 70°C and pH 10. Its half-life times at 70 and 80°C were 10 and 6-h, respectively. Irreversible inhibition of enzyme activity of SAPLF with serine protease inhibitors demonstrated that it belongs to the serine protease family. Interestingly, its catalytic efficiency was higher than that of SPVP from Aeribacillus pallidus strain VP3 and Alcalase Ultra 2.5L from Bacillus licheniformis. This study demonstrated that SAPLF has a high detergent compatibility and an excellent stain removal compared to Alcalase Ultra 2.5L; which offers an interesting potential for its application in the laundry detergent industry.
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Mechri S, Ben Elhoul Berrouina M, Omrane Benmrad M, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Rekik H, Moujehed E, Chebbi A, Sayadi S, Chamkha M, Bejar S, Jaouadi B. Characterization of a novel protease from Aeribacillus pallidus strain VP3 with potential biotechnological interest. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:221-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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