Cellulose nanocrystals in the development of biodegradable materials: A review on CNC resources, modification, and their hybridization

Recent progress of multifunctional nanocellulose-based pharmaceutical materials: A review

In the pharmaceutical industry, ongoing research and development focus on discovering new drug formulations that align with regulatory approvals. Recently, innovative drug delivery systems have been used to maximize therapeutic efficacy with a precision of sustained drug delivery in the disease management system. Nanocellulose (NCs) synthesized from abundant cellulose, have attracted wide attention for potential pharmaceutical applications due to their unique properties, such as biocompatibility, high surface area-to-volume ratio, extensive drug loading and binding capacity, controlled drug release efficiency, strength, and availability with various treatments and modification ability. Nevertheless, research on nanocarriers (NCs) in the pharmaceutical field faces several limitations and challenges. Key areas requiring further exploration include chemical consumption, energy intensity, effluent management, recovery processes from acid hydrolysis, reaction times, ecotoxicology, and overall development progress. This overview provides the applications of emerging nanocellulose. It gives a clue on the synthesis of sustainable NCs related to their different sources, pre- and post-modifications of NCs, and key properties in pharmaceutical sectors. Furthermore, it gives an overview of the current advancements, life cycle analysis, biosafety, and key property performance with a summary of challenges and future perspectives.

One-pot catalytic isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from agricultural biomass - Oat hull, wheat straw, and flax straw: Physicochemical characterization

The depletion of fossil fuel resources and their environmental impact have driven interest in renewable materials. Cellulose, derived from lignocellulosic biomass, has emerged as a promising candidate for sustainable applications due to its abundance, biodegradability, and versatile properties. This study explores isolating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from oat hulls, wheat straw, and flax straw using a one-pot Cu2+-catalyzed method. Compared to traditional acid hydrolysis methods, the Cu2+-catalyzed approach reduces chemical consumption, eliminates the need for multistep neutralization, and achieves CNC yields of up to 61.9 %, with high crystallinity and improved thermal stability. CNCs were characterized to evaluate their surface chemistry, structural morphology, and thermal properties, with XPS confirming minimal Cu2+ residues in dried samples. These results highlight the potential of agricultural byproducts as sustainable sources for high-value nanomaterials, advancing circular bioeconomy solutions.

TEPA modified magnetic cellulose nanocrystals for efficient and highly selective removal of Cr(VI) from electroplating wastewater by high-density amine-based sites

Efficient and highly selective elimination of Cr(VI) from electroplating effluent with complex nature is still very meaningful and challenging. Here, based on the mechanism of selective adsorption, an amino-functionalized cellulose-based magnetic adsorbent (Fe3O4@CNC@TEPA) was designed with efficient and cost-effective. The adsorbent base material cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was combined with a magnetic core (Fe3O4) by co-precipitation, and then the selective functional monomer tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) was grafted onto the CNC surface in large quantities under the action of the cross-linking agent epichlorohydrin (ECH). High density amino acid protonation under acidic conditions makes the surface of the material positively charged, which leads to fast and accurate adsorption of Cr(VI), and this material shows excellent adsorption performance with the presence of high concentrations of coexisting ions. Characterization and DFT computational analysis demonstrated that the excellent selectivity and adsorption properties were mainly attributed to the electrostatic attraction, redox and complexation of Cr(VI) by abundant amino groups. In particular, the removal of Cr(VI) by Fe3O4@CNC@TEPA was maintained at a high level in the treatment of simulated electroplating wastewater from various water matrices. Overall, Fe3O4@CNC@TEPA is a potential adsorbent for the effective elimination of Cr(VI)-containing electroplating effluent.

Tuning the phase separation of cellulose nanocrystals with hydrolysis times: influence of effective dimensions

This study attempts to quantify a relatively unexplored and very important subject: cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) bundles and their effective dimensions on phase separation and subsequent chiral resolution in CNC suspensions. Currently, there is little data discussing how effective bundle dimensions affect the onset of chiral nematic phase formation despite the fact that theory and experimental data indicate they are important factors. The effect of the extent of hydrolysis on the phase behavior of CNC suspensions was analyzed by correlating it with the critical weight concentration (w 0), which is the CNC weight corresponding to the onset of the chiral nematic phase. From Onsager theory and its extension, w 0 is primarily a function of CNC size while surface charge exerts a non-negligible effect. CNCs were produced from never-dried bleached softwood pulp under varying acid hydrolysis times to systematically alter sizes and surface charges. Concentration-dependent phase diagrams were mapped to ascertain the w 0 of the produced suspensions. The data revealed a clear decrease in w 0 when the hydrolysis time increased from 25 to 90 minutes, despite similar individual CNC size and increasing surface charges. This latter discovery following shape and size distribution indicated an increased area-equivalent (AE) diameter from extended hydrolysis, suggesting particle aggregation/bundling. This result was corroborated by elevated particle surface charges from enhanced lateral adherence between CNCs. In contrast to our findings that higher surface charge reduces the effective diameter, the observed decrease in w 0 suggests that an earlier onset of the anisotropic phase is driven by CNC bundles, which were more prevalent in samples with elevated surface charge. These observations indicate that CNC bundles play a significant role in promoting the anisotropic phase, counteracting the effect of surface charge on w 0. This work therefore provides invaluable insights into the complex interplay of CNC surface charge, shape, and size by shedding light on the importance of hydrolysis time on particle aggregation and phase behavior in CNC suspensions.

Natural polysaccharides-based smart sensors for health monitoring, diagnosis and rehabilitation: A review

With the rapid growth of multi-level health needs, precise and real-time health sensing systems have become increasingly pivotal in personal health management and disease prevention. Natural polysaccharides demonstrate immense potential in healthcare sensors by leveraging their superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, environmental sustainability, as well as diverse structural designs and surface functionalities. This review begins by introducing a variety of natural polysaccharides, including cellulose, alginates, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and starch, and analyzing their structural and functional distinctions, which offer extensive possibilities for sensor design and construction. Further, we summarize several principal sensing mechanisms, such as piezoresistivity, piezoelectricity, capacitance, triboelectricity, and hygroelectricity, which provide a theoretical and technological foundation for developing high-performance healthcare sensing devices. Additionally, the review discusses the most recent applications of natural polysaccharide-based sensors in diverse healthcare contexts, including human body motion tracking, respiratory and heartbeat monitoring, electrophysiological signal recording, body temperature variation detection, and biomarker analysis. Finally, prospective development directions are proposed, such as the integration of artificial intelligence for real-time data analysis, the design of multifunctional devices that combine sensing with therapeutic functionalities, and advancements in remote monitoring and smart wearable technologies. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the development of next-generation healthcare sensors and propose novel research directions for personalized medicine and remote health management.

Chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal films: Sucrose modulation for structural color and dynamic behavior

This study explores the effect of sucrose addition on the properties of chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films for potential food industry applications, including biodegradable packaging and food coloring. The addition of sucrose altered the films' structural color, shifting from blue in pure CNC films to aqua blue, green, yellow-green, and red with increasing sucrose concentrations (up to 21 %). Surface analysis revealed a reduction in contact angle from 96° to 48° due to sucrose's hydrophilic nature and smoother film surfaces. XRD results indicated a decrease in crystallinity from 84.5 % to 15.6 %, linked to the disruption of CNC alignment by sucrose. Mechanical testing showed reduced tensile strength (138 MPa to 35 MPa) and Young's modulus (1.634 GPa to 70 MPa) with higher sucrose content. Notably, over the storage time, films with 21 % sucrose exhibited dynamic structural coloration caused by localized sucrose recrystallization, leading to pitch shifts and color transitions. These findings demonstrate the tunable optical and mechanical properties of CNC-sucrose films, positioning them as promising materials for sustainable food packaging and responsive coatings.

Industrial by-products of tiger nut starch as a source of cellulose nanocrystals for biodegradable packaging materials

The development of eco-friendly, biodegradable nanomaterials is essential for promoting the sustainable utilization of industry by-products from tiger nut starch. This study focuses on the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (TN-CNC) from tiger nut starch by-products through acid hydrolysis, as well as evaluation of their effects on the characteristics of starch-based biodegradable packaging. The TN-CNC was identified as having a rod-like morphology, exhibiting high crystallinity (CI = 87.2 ± 2.4 %), stable thermal properties (Tonset = 299.1 °C), an average length of 278.4 ± 91.6 nm, and a notable aspect ratio (23.1 ± 8.8). TN-CNC demonstrated compatibility with starch substrates and enhanced the microstructure of natural starch films through self-assembly and the formation of new hydrogen bonds. Incorporating 1.0 % TN-CNC improved the crystallinity of the starch films from 16.2 % to 23.7 %, and increased their thermal stability from 271.8 °C to 289.3 °C. This concentration also significantly increased tensile strength by up to 104.2 %. These findings advocate for the upcycling of tiger nut starch by-products, highlighting their potential in developing high-performance biodegradable packaging materials.

Electrospun antimicrobial poly(lactic acid) foams with nanocellulose for enhanced hydrophilicity and controlled drug release

This study explores an advanced approach to enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy and hydrophilicity of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds through the strategic incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). The compatibility between these biodegradable polymers was investigated to optimize antimicrobial agent release while preserving structural integrity. PLA nanocomposites incorporating the antimicrobial agents curcumin (Cur) or polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) were fabricated using three distinct electrospinning-based methodologies. The antibacterial properties were assessed via a disc diffusion test against five bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli B+, Lactobacillus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus mutans. In addition, drug release experiments were conducted to determine the diffusion kinetics in a simulated blood serum medium, demonstrating sustained drug release for up to 98 hours. PHMB demonstrated potent antibacterial activity, while curcumin primarily exhibited bacteriostatic effects. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites exhibited an increase of up to 41 °C in the maximum degradation temperature. The mechanical properties were assessed to further examine the interactions between CNC and PLA and the possibility to reshape the materials for different delivery approaches. The findings underscore the crucial role of CNC in modulating the interaction between PLA and antimicrobial agents, making it a promising candidate for biomedical applications requiring controlled drug release. This study provides valuable insights into the structural, thermal, and antibacterial performance of CNC-PLA nanocomposites, establishing a strong foundation for the development of advanced biodegradable materials for drug delivery and antimicrobial applications.

Ultrasonic Deposition of Cellulose Nanocrystals on Substrates for Enhanced Eradication Activity on Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Amidst the pervasive threat of bacterial afflictions, the imperative for advanced antibiofilm surfaces with robust antimicrobial efficacy looms large. This study unveils a sophisticated ultrasonic synthesis method for cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs, 10-20 nm in diameter and 300-900 nm in length) and their subsequent application as coatings on flexible substrates, namely cotton (CC-1) and membrane (CM-1). The cellulose nanocrystals showed excellent water repellency with a water contact angle as high as 148° on the membrane. Noteworthy attributes of CNC-coated substrates include augmented reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, heightened surface hydrophobicity, and comprehensive suppression of both drug-sensitive (MDR E. coli and MRSA) and susceptible (E. coli and S. aureus) planktonic and biofilm bacterial proliferation. In contrast, the uncoated substrates display 100% bacterial growth for the above bacteria. Empirical data corroborate the pronounced biofilm mass reduction capabilities of CNC-coated substrates across all tested bacterial strains. Elucidation of underlying mechanisms implicates ROS generation and electrostatic repulsion between CNCs and bacterial membranes in the disruption of mature biofilms. Hydroxyl radicals, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide possess formidable reactivity, capable of disrupting essential biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. The engineered CNC-coated substrates platform evinces considerable promise in the realm of infectious disease management, offering a cogent blueprint for the development of novel antimicrobial matrices adept at combating bacterial infections with efficacy and precision.

Cellulose nanocrystals-based Pickering emulsion with enhanced foliar adhesion and pH responsiveness for intelligent delivery of pesticides

Pickering emulsions stabilized by functionalized natural macromolecules have emerged with promising responsiveness for pesticide encapsulation and release. This study developed Pickering emulsions using amine-modified cellulose nanocrystals (ACNCs) as stabilizers. The resultant O/W ACNCs-Pickering emulsions (ACNCs-Pickering) exhibited long-term storage stability and showed increasing emulsion stability depending on the concentration of ACNCs. Imidacloprid (IMI) was subsequently loaded onto the ACNCs-Pickering to form the IMI@ACNCs-Pickering via the in-situ loading route. The release rate of IMI demonstrated a notable pH responsiveness. Moreover, the IMI@ACNCs-Pickering prepared with an ACNCs concentration of 3 wt% showed optimal performances. Its foliar adhesion on Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis) was significantly higher than that of the commercial IMI formulation (70 WS, Bayer®, LS200032) (DG). In detail, the pesticide residue for the IMI@ACNCs-Pickering was 3.8 folds to that for DG after spraying and washing for 10 min. Also, the green peach aphid mortality rate was 98.33 %, which was 1.1 folds higher than that of the DG group. The present work developed a Pickering emulsion-based fat-soluble pesticide formulation with excellent foliar adhesion, resistance to rainfall washout, and insecticidal effect. It provided a new option to ensure the sustainable development of green agriculture.

The Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Molecular Organization, Thermomechanical, and Shape Memory Properties of Gelatin-Matrix Composite Films

Gelatin is a natural hydrocolloid with excellent film-forming properties, high processability, and tremendous potential in the field of edible coatings and food packaging. However, its reinforcing by materials such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) is often necessary to improve its mechanical behavior, including shape memory properties. Since the interaction between these polymers is complex and its mechanism still remains unclear, this work aimed to study the effect of low concentrations of CNC (2, 6, and 10 weight%) on the molecular organization, thermomechanical, and shape memory properties in mammalian gelatin-based composite films at low moisture content (~10 weight% dry base). The results showed that the presence of CNCs (with type I and type II crystals) interfered with the formation of the gelatin triple helix, with a decrease from 21.7% crystallinity to 12% in samples with 10% CNC but increasing the overall crystallinity (from 21.7% to 22.6% in samples with 10% CNC), which produced a decrease in the water monolayer in the composites. These changes in crystallinity also impacted significantly their mechanical properties, with higher E' values (from 1 × 104 to 1.3 × 104 Pa at 20 °C) and improved thermal stability at higher CNC content. Additionally, the evaluation of their shape memory properties indicated that while molecular interactions between the two components occur, CNCs negatively impacted the magnitude and kinetics of the shape recovery of the composites (more particularly at 10 weight% CNC, reducing shape recovery from 90% to 70%) by reducing the netting point associated with the lower crystallinity of the gelatin. We believe that our results contribute in elucidating the interactions of gelatin-CNC composites at various structural levels and highlights that even though CNC acts as a reinforcement material on gelatin matrices, their interaction are complex and do not imply synergism in their properties. Further investigation is, however, needed to understand CNC-gelatin interfacial interactions with the aim of modulating their interactions depending on their desired application.

Tragacanth gum hydrogels with cellulose nanocrystals: A study on optimizing properties and printability

This study investigates a novel all-polysaccharide hydrogel composed of tragacanth gum (TG) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), eliminating the need for toxic crosslinkers. Designed for potential tissue engineering applications, these hydrogels were fabricated using 3D printing and freeze-drying techniques to create scaffolds with interconnected macropores, facilitating nutrient transport. SEM images revealed that the hydrogels contained macropores with a diameter of 100-115 μm. Notably, increasing the CNC content within the TG matrix (30-50 %) resulted in a decrease in porosity from 83 % to 76 %, attributed to enhanced polymer-nanocrystal interactions that produced denser networks. Despite the reduced porosity, the hydrogels demonstrated high swelling ratios (890-1090 %) due to the high water binding capacity of the hydrogel. Mechanical testing showed that higher CNC concentrations significantly improved compressive strength (27.7-49.5 kPa) and toughness (362-707 kJ/m3), highlighting the enhanced mechanical properties of the hydrogels. Thermal analysis confirmed stability up to 400 °C and verified ionic crosslinking with CaCl₂. Additionally, hemolysis tests indicated minimal hemolytic activity, affirming the biocompatibility of the TG/CNC hydrogels. These findings highlight the potential of these hydrogels as advanced materials for 3D-printed scaffolds and injectable hydrogels, offering customizable porosity, superior mechanical strength, thermal stability, and biocompatibility.

The Correlations between Microstructures and Color Properties of Nanocrystalline Cellulose: A Concise Review

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a green resource which can produce photonic crystal films with structural colors in evaporation-induced self-assembly; CNC photonic crystal films present unique structural colors that cannot be matched by other colored materials. Recently, the mechanisms of CNC photonic crystal films with a unique liquid crystal structure were investigated to obtain homogenous, stable, and even flexible films at a large scale. To clarify the mechanism of colorful CNC photonic crystal films, we briefly summarize the recent advances from the correlations among the preparation methods, microstructures, and color properties. We first discuss the preparation process of CNCs, aiming to realize the green application of resources. Then, the behavior of CNCs in the formation of liquid crystal phases is studied, considering the influence of the CNCs' size and shape, surface properties, and the types and concentrations of solvents. Finally, the film formation process of CNCs and the control of structural colors during the film formation are summarized, as well as the mechanisms of CNC photonic crystal films with full color. In summary, considering the above factors, obtaining reliable commercial CNC photonic crystal films requires a comprehensive consideration of the subsequent preparation processes starting from the preparation of CNCs.

Hydrogel for light delivery in biomedical applications

Traditional optical waveguides or mediums are often silica-based materials, but their applications in biomedicine and healthcare are limited due to the poor biocompatibility and unsuitable mechanical properties. In term of the applications in human body, a biocompatible hydrogel system with excellent optical transparency and mechanical flexibility could be beneficial. In this review, we explore the different designs of hydrogel-based optical waveguides derived from natural and synthetic sources. We highlighted key developments such as light emitting contact lenses, implantable optical fibres, biosensing systems, luminating and fluorescent materials. Finally, we expand further on the challenges and perspectives for hydrogel waveguides to achieve clinical applications.

Fabrication of fully bio-based malleable thermoset derived from cellulose, furfural and plant oil for advanced capacitive sensor

Fabrication of sustainable bio-based malleable thermosets (BMTs) with excellent mechanical properties and reprocessing ability for applications in electronic devices has attracted more and more attention but remains significant challenges. Herein, the BMTs with excellent mechanical robustness and reprocessing ability were fabricated via integrating with radical polymerization and Schiff-base chemistry, and employed as the flexible substrate to prepare the capacitive sensor. To prepare the BMTs, an elastic bio-copolymer derived from plant oil and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was first synthesized, and then used to fabricate the dynamic crosslinked BMTs through Schiff-base chemistry with the amino-modified cellulose and polyether amine. The synergistic effect of rigid cellulose backbone and the construction of dynamic covalent crosslinking network not only achieved high tensile strength (8.61 MPa) and toughness (3.77 MJ/m3) but also endowed the BMTs with excellent reprocessing ability with high mechanical toughness recovery efficiency of 104.8 %. More importantly, the BMTs were used as substrates to fabricate the capacitive sensor through the CO2-laser irradiation technique. The resultant capacitive sensor displayed excellent and sensitive humidity sensing performance, which allowed it to be successfully applied in human health monitoring. This work paved a promising way for the preparation of mechanical robustness malleable bio-thermosets for electronic devices.

Development of Polylactic Acid Films with Alkali- and Acetylation-Treated Flax and Hemp Fillers via Solution Casting Technique

This study aims to enhance value addition to agricultural byproducts to produce composites by the solution casting technique. It is well known that PLA is moisture-sensitive and deforms at high temperatures, which limits its use in some applications. When blending with plant-based fibers, the weak point is the poor filler-matrix interface. For this reason, surface modification was carried out on hemp and flax fibers via acetylation and alkaline treatments. The fibers were milled to obtain two particle sizes of <75 μm and 149-210 μm and were blended with poly (lactic) acid at different loadings (0, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) to form a composite film The films were characterized for their spectroscopy, physical, and mechanical properties. All the film specimens showed C-O/O-H groups and the π-π interaction in untreated flax fillers showed lignin phenolic rings in the films. It was noticed that the maximum degradation temperature occurred at 362.5 °C. The highest WVPs for untreated, alkali-treated, and acetylation-treated composites were 20 × 10-7 g·m/m2 Pa·s (PLA/hemp30), 7.0 × 10-7 g·m/m2 Pa·s (PLA/hemp30), and 22 × 10-7 g·m/m2 Pa·s (PLA/hemp30), respectively. Increasing the filler content caused an increase in the color difference of the composite film compared with that of the neat PLA. Alkali-treated PLA/flax composites showed significant improvement in their tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus at a 2.5 or 5% filler loading. An increase in the filler loadings caused a significant increase in the moisture absorbed, whereas the water contact angle decreased with an increasing filler concentration. Flax- and hemp-induced PLA-based composite films with 5 wt.% loadings showed a more stable compromise in all the examined properties and are expected to provide unique industrial applications with satisfactory performance.

Erythrosine-Dialdehyde Cellulose Nanocrystal Coatings for Antibacterial Paper Packaging

Though paper is an environmentally friendly alternative to plastic as a packaging material, it lacks antibacterial properties, and some papers have a low resistance to oil or water. In this study, a multifunctional paper-coating material was developed to reduce the use of plastic packaging and enhance paper performance. Natural cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with excellent properties were used as the base material for the coating. The CNCs were functionalized into dialdehyde CNCs (DACNCs) through periodate oxidation. The DACNCs were subsequently complexed using erythrosine as a photosensitizer to form an erythrosine-CNC composite (Ery-DACNCs) with photodynamic inactivation. The Ery-DACNCs achieved inactivations above 90% after 30 min of green light irradiation and above 85% after 60 min of white light irradiation (to simulate real-world lighting conditions), indicating photodynamic inactivation effects. The optimal parameters for a layer-by-layer dip coating of kraft paper with Ery-DACNCs were 4.5-wt% Ery-DACNCs and 15 coating layers. Compared to non-coated kraft paper and polyethylene-coated paper, the Ery-DACNC-coated paper exhibited enhanced mechanical properties (an increase of 28% in bursting strength). More than 90% of the bacteria were inactivated after 40 min of green light irradiation, and more than 80% were inactivated after 60 min of white light irradiation.

Modified cellulose nanocrystals enhanced polycaprolactone multifunctional films with barrier, UV-blocking and antimicrobial properties for food packaging

The packaging industry demands improved eco-friendly materials with new and enhanced properties. In this context, bio-nanocomposite films with antimicrobial and UV-shielding properties based on modified cellulose nanocrystals/polycaprolactone (MCNC/PCL) were fabricated via solution casting method, and then food packaging simulation was carried out. CNCs were obtained by acid hydrolysis followed by successful functionalization with Quaternary ammonium surfactant, confirmed by FTIR, XPS, XRD, TEM, and DLS analyses. Furthermore, the morphological, physical, antibacterial, and food packaging properties of all prepared films were investigated. Results showed that the mechanical, UV blocking, barrier properties, and antibacterial activity of all composite films were remarkably improved. Particularly, the addition of 3 wt% MCNC increased the tensile strength and elongation at break by 27.5 % and 20.0 %, respectively. Moreover, the permeability of O2, CO2, and water vapor dramatically reduced by 97.6 %, 96.7 %, and 49.8% compared to the Neat PCL. Further, the UV-blocking properties of the composite films were significantly improved. The antimicrobial properties of MCNC/PCL films showed good antimicrobial properties against S. aureus. Finally, cherry packaged with 1 and 3 wt% MCNC films exhibited satisfactory freshness after 22 days of preservation. Overall, the fabricated PCL nanocomposite films can be utilized in the food packaging industry.

Study on Preparation of Regenerated Cellulose Fiber from Biomass Based on Mixed Solvents

In this study, Arundo donax Linnaeus was utilized as the biomass and a TH/DS (Tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide/Dimethyl sulfoxide, C16H37NO/C2H6OS) system was employed to dissolve biomass cellulose. The optimal process for the preparation of Arundo donax L. biomass regenerated cellulose fiber was determined through process optimization. The physical properties and antimicrobial performance of the resulting products were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the physical indicators of biomass regenerated cellulose fiber, prepared from Arundo donax L. cellulose, met the requirements of the standard for Viscose Filament (Dry breaking strength ≥ 1.65 CN/dtex, Elongation at dry breaking 15.5-26.0%, and Dry elongation CV value ≤ 10.0%). Additionally, excellent antimicrobial properties were exhibited by the biomass regenerated cellulose fiber developed in this study, with antibacterial rates against Staphylococcus aureus and other three strain indexes meeting the Viscose Filament standards. Furthermore, high antiviral activity of 99.99% against H1N1 and H3N2 strains of influenza A virus was observed in the experimental samples, indicating a remarkable antiviral effect. Valuable references for the comprehensive utilization of Arundo donax L. biomass resources are provided by this research.