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Schenkl C, Heyne E, Doenst T, Schulze PC, Nguyen TD. Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism to Save the Failing Heart. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041027. [PMID: 37109556 PMCID: PMC10143865 DOI: 10.3390/life13041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in treating cardiac disorders, the prevalence of heart failure (HF) keeps growing, making it a global medical and economic burden. HF is characterized by profound metabolic remodeling, which mostly occurs in the mitochondria. Although it is well established that the failing heart is energy-deficient, the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of HF extends beyond the energetic aspects. Changes in substrate oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory chain have emerged as key players in regulating myocardial energy homeostasis, Ca2+ handling, oxidative stress and inflammation. This work aims to highlight metabolic alterations in the mitochondria and their far-reaching effects on the pathophysiology of HF. Based on this knowledge, we will also discuss potential metabolic approaches to improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schenkl
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Estelle Heyne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Paul Christian Schulze
- Department of Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Critical Care Medicine), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Tien Dung Nguyen
- Department of Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Critical Care Medicine), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is associated with an increased risk for the development and progression of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease. Chronic kidney disease may also affect the myocardium through complex systemic changes, resulting in structural remodeling such as hypertrophy and fibrosis, as well as impairments in both diastolic and systolic function. These cardiac changes in the setting of chronic kidney disease define a specific cardiomyopathic phenotype known as uremic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac function is tightly linked to its metabolism, and research over the past 3 decades has revealed significant metabolic remodeling in the myocardium during the development of heart failure. Because the concept of uremic cardiomyopathy has only been recognized in recent years, there are limited data on metabolism in the uremic heart. Nonetheless, recent findings suggest overlapping mechanisms with heart failure. This work reviews key features of metabolic remodeling in the failing heart in the general population and extends this to patients with chronic kidney disease. The knowledge of similarities and differences in cardiac metabolism between heart failure and uremic cardiomyopathy may help identify new targets for mechanistic and therapeutic research on uremic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dung Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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Ma L, Zou R, Shi W, Zhou N, Chen S, Zhou H, Chen X, Wu Y. SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin reduces endothelial dysfunction and microvascular damage during cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury through normalizing the XO-SERCA2-CaMKII-coffilin pathways. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5034-5050. [PMID: 35836807 PMCID: PMC9274739 DOI: 10.7150/thno.75121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the importance of microvascular injury in infarct formation and expansion, development of therapeutic strategies for microvascular protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is of great interest. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) against cardiac microvascular dysfunction mediated by IRI. Methods: DAPA effects were evaluated both in vivo, in mice subjected to IRI, and in vitro, in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). DAPA pretreatment attenuated luminal stenosis, endothelial swelling, and inflammation in cardiac microvessels of IRI-treated mice. Results: In H/R-challenged HCAECs, DAPA treatment improved endothelial barrier function, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and angiogenic capacity, and inhibited H/R-induced apoptosis by preventing cofilin-dependent F-actin depolymerization and cytoskeletal degradation. Inhibition of H/R-induced xanthine oxidase (XO) activation and upregulation, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) oxidation and inactivation, and cytoplasmic calcium overload was further observed in DAPA-treated HCAECs. DAPA also suppressed calcium/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) activation and cofilin phosphorylation, and preserved cytoskeleton integrity and endothelial cell viability following H/R. Importantly, the beneficial effects of DAPA on cardiac microvascular integrity and endothelial cell survival were largely prevented in IRI-treated SERCA2-knockout mice. Conclusions: These results indicate that DAPA effectively reduces cardiac microvascular damage and endothelial dysfunction during IRI through inhibition of the XO-SERCA2-CaMKII-cofilin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Heart Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Heart Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanting Shi
- Department of Paediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Na Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Heart Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxian Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Hao Zhou, E-mail: ; Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China. Xinxin Chen, E-mail: ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Heart Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Yueheng Wu, E-mail: ; Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Heart Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Hao Zhou, E-mail: ; Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China. Xinxin Chen, E-mail: ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Heart Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Yueheng Wu, E-mail: ; Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueheng Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Hao Zhou, E-mail: ; Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China. Xinxin Chen, E-mail: ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Heart Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Yueheng Wu, E-mail: ; Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Tethered to Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9154295. [PMID: 35783193 PMCID: PMC9249518 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9154295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a broad term that incorporated a group of conditions that affect the blood vessels and the heart. CVD is a foremost cause of fatalities around the world. Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in CVD; however, oxidative stress plays a vital role in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress occurs when the concentration of oxidants exceeds the potency of antioxidants within the body while producing reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS generated by oxidative stress disrupts cell signaling, DNA damage, lipids, and proteins, thereby resulting in inflammation and apoptosis. Mitochondria is the primary source of ROS production within cells. Increased ROS production reduces nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which elevates vasoconstriction within the arteries and contributes to the development of hypertension. ROS production has also been linked to the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Antioxidants can decrease oxidative stress in the body; however, various therapeutic drugs have been designed to treat oxidative stress damage due to CVD. The present review provides a detailed narrative of the oxidative stress and ROS generation with a primary focus on the oxidative stress biomarker and its association with CVD. We have also discussed the complex relationship between inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in CVD as well as oxidative stress-induced obesity in CVD. Finally, we discussed the role of antioxidants in reducing oxidative stress in CVD.
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Khokhlova A, Myachina T, Volzhaninov D, Butova X, Kochurova A, Berg V, Gette I, Moroz G, Klinova S, Minigalieva I, Solovyova O, Danilova I, Sokolova K, Kopylova G, Shchepkin D. Type 1 Diabetes Impairs Cardiomyocyte Contractility in the Left and Right Ventricular Free Walls but Preserves It in the Interventricular Septum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031719. [PMID: 35163643 PMCID: PMC8836009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) leads to ischemic heart disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy. We tested the hypothesis that T1D differently affects the contractile function of the left and right ventricular free walls (LV, RV) and the interventricular septum (IS) using a rat model of alloxan-induced T1D. Single-myocyte mechanics and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration transients were studied on cardiomyocytes (CM) from LV, RV, and IS in the absence and presence of mechanical load. In addition, we analyzed the phosphorylation level of sarcomeric proteins and the characteristics of the actin-myosin interaction. T1D similarly affected the characteristics of actin-myosin interaction in all studied regions, decreasing the sliding velocity of native thin filaments over myosin in an in vitro motility assay and its Ca2+ sensitivity. A decrease in the thin-filament velocity was associated with increased expression of β-myosin heavy-chain isoform. However, changes in the mechanical function of single ventricular CM induced by T1D were different. T1D depressed the contractility of CM from LV and RV; it decreased the auxotonic tension amplitude and the slope of the active tension–length relationship. Nevertheless, the contractile function of CM from IS was principally preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Khokhlova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatiana Myachina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Denis Volzhaninov
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Xenia Butova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Anastasia Kochurova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Valentina Berg
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Irina Gette
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Gleb Moroz
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Klinova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Popova 30, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Ilzira Minigalieva
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Popova 30, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Olga Solovyova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Irina Danilova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Ksenia Sokolova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Galina Kopylova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniil Shchepkin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
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Val‐Blasco A, Gil‐Fernández M, Rueda A, Pereira L, Delgado C, Smani T, Ruiz Hurtado G, Fernández‐Velasco M. Ca 2+ mishandling in heart failure: Potential targets. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13691. [PMID: 34022101 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ mishandling is a common feature in several cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF). In many cases, impairment of key players in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has been identified as the underlying mechanism of cardiac dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias associated with HF. In this review, we summarize primary novel findings related to Ca2+ mishandling in HF progression. HF research has increasingly focused on the identification of new targets and the contribution of their role in Ca2+ handling to the progression of the disease. Recent research studies have identified potential targets in three major emerging areas implicated in regulation of Ca2+ handling: the innate immune system, bone metabolism factors and post-translational modification of key proteins involved in regulation of Ca2+ handling. Here, we describe their possible contributions to the progression of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angélica Rueda
- Department of Biochemistry Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV‐IPN) México City Mexico
| | - Laetitia Pereira
- INSERM UMR‐S 1180 Laboratory of Ca Signaling and Cardiovascular Physiopathology University Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols Madrid Spain
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signalling Biomedical Research Institute "Alberto Sols" CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) Madrid Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics University of Seville Seville Spain
- Group of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Institute of Biomedicine of Seville University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory Institute of Research i+12 University Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
- CIBER‐CV University Hospita1 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
| | - Maria Fernández‐Velasco
- La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) Madrid Spain
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Pathways for Sensing and Responding to Hydrogen Peroxide at the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102314. [PMID: 33080949 PMCID: PMC7603117 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as a source of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and a hub for peroxide-based signaling events. Here we outline cellular sources of ER-localized peroxide, including sources within and near the ER. Focusing on three ER-localized proteins-the molecular chaperone BiP, the transmembrane stress-sensor IRE1, and the calcium pump SERCA2-we discuss how post-translational modification of protein cysteines by H2O2 can alter ER activities. We review how changed activities for these three proteins upon oxidation can modulate signaling events, and also how cysteine oxidation can serve to limit the cellular damage that is most often associated with elevated peroxide levels.
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Catalytic activity regulation through post-translational modification: the expanding universe of protein diversity. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 122:97-125. [PMID: 32951817 PMCID: PMC7320668 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein composition is restricted by the genetic code to a relatively small number of natural amino acids. Similarly, the known three-dimensional structures adopt a limited number of protein folds. However, proteins exert a large variety of functions and show a remarkable ability for regulation and immediate response to intracellular and extracellular stimuli. To some degree, the wide variability of protein function can be attributed to the post-translational modifications. Post-translational modifications have been observed in all kingdoms of life and give to proteins a significant degree of chemical and consequently functional and structural diversity. Their importance is partly reflected in the large number of genes dedicated to their regulation. So far, hundreds of post-translational modifications have been observed while it is believed that many more are to be discovered along with the technological advances in sequencing, proteomics, mass spectrometry and structural biology. Indeed, the number of studies which report novel post translational modifications is getting larger supporting the notion that their space is still largely unexplored. In this review we explore the impact of post-translational modifications on protein structure and function with emphasis on catalytic activity regulation. We present examples of proteins and protein families whose catalytic activity is substantially affected by the presence of post translational modifications and we describe the molecular basis which underlies the regulation of the protein function through these modifications. When available, we also summarize the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms which introduce these modifications to protein sites.
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