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Rasooli R, Pirsalami F, Moezi L. Posible involvement of nitric oxide in anticonvulsant effects of citicoline on pentylenetetrazole and electroshock induced seizures in mice. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03932. [PMID: 32462085 PMCID: PMC7240119 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebroneurovascular trauma is recognized as an important risk factor in the development of seizure and epilepsy. Administration of citicoline in these situations is a conventional therapeutic strategy, which combines neurovascular protection and repair effects. The aim of the present study is clarifying the effect of acute and sub-chronic citicoline administration on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and electroshock induced seizures in mice. Besides we examined the probable role of NO and its interaction with citicoline in seizure experiments. Male mice were received acute and sub-chronic regimens of different doses of citicoline (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) before the intravenous or intraperitoneal PTZ-induced seizures or electroshock. To clarify the probable role of NO, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) (60 mg/kg) or aminoguanidine (AG) (100 mg/kg) were injected 5 min before citicoline in separate groups. The results revealed that neither acute nor sub-chronic treatment with citicoline could affect the seizures induced by intravenous or intraperitoneal PTZ, but in electroshock model, citicoline showed anti-epileptic properties. Co-administration of citicoline and selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors amplified the anticonvulsant effect of citicoline. The current results indicated that citicoline has anticonvulsant effects probably through the inhibition of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsana Rasooli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatema Pirsalami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Moezi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Malfatti CRM, dos Santos FS, Wouk J, da Silva LA, Michel RG, Snak AL, Czervinski T, da Cunha MAA, Barbosa AM, Dekker RFH. Intracerebroventricular administration of the (1→6)-β-d-glucan (lasiodiplodan) in male rats prevents d-penicillamine-induced behavioral alterations and lipoperoxidation in the cortex. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1289-1294. [PMID: 28274189 PMCID: PMC6130678 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1299767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lasiodiplodan, an exocellular (1→6)-β-d-glucan of molecular weight >1.4 × 106 Da produced by MMPI strain of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. (Brotyosphaeriaceae) is known to exhibit anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer cells (MCF-7), anticoagulant activity when sulfonylated, and reduction in transaminase activity when administered in rats. OBJECTIVE The effect of intracerebroventricular (I.C.V) injection of lasiodiplodan on neurotoxicity and behavioural changes induced by d-penicillamine was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were initially separated in groups of six and treated with 0.15 μmol/μL of NaCl (Groups Ct and d-Pen) and 0.01 μg/μL of lasiodiplodan (Groups Las and Las + d-Pen). After 15 min, they received 6 μmol/μL of NaCl (Groups Ct and Las) and 2 μmol/μL of d-penicillamine (Groups d-Pen and Las + d-Pen). The animal behavior was observed in an open-field test for 60 min. Twenty-four h later, the animals were sacrificed and histopathological analysis and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production measurements were performed. RESULTS Lasiodiplodan prevented neurotoxicity induced by d-penicillamine significantly reducing the production of TBARS (308%; p < 0.05), and behavioural signs; convulsive and pre-convulsive. No histopathological alterations in the cerebral cortex were observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The reduction of TBARS production and convulsive episodes suggests that the protector effect provided by lasiodiplodan passes thought an antioxidant path, possibly interfering in a cascade of neurochemical events, triggering cell death and convulsive episodes. These results demonstrated that lasiodiplodan can be effective in treating neurotoxicity, and reducing damage triggered by convulsions in neuropathies related to GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Seidel dos Santos
- Teaching of Science and Technology Postgraduate Program, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Wouk
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto da Silva
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Renan Garcia Michel
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Snak
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Tiago Czervinski
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Mário A. Alves da Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Pato branco, Pato Branco, Brazil
| | - Aneli M. Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Robert F. H. Dekker
- Environmental Engineering Postgraduate Program, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Villani GRD, Gallo G, Scolamiero E, Salvatore F, Ruoppolo M. “Classical organic acidurias”: diagnosis and pathogenesis. Clin Exp Med 2016; 17:305-323. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-016-0435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Royes LFF, Gabbi P, Ribeiro LR, Della-Pace ID, Rodrigues FS, de Oliveira Ferreira AP, da Silveira Junior MEP, da Silva LRH, Grisólia ABA, Braga DV, Dobrachinski F, da Silva AMHO, Soares FAA, Marchesan S, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Fighera MR. A neuronal disruption in redox homeostasis elicited by ammonia alters the glycine/glutamate (GABA) cycle and contributes to MMA-induced excitability. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1373-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wang CH, Hsiao CJ, Lin YN, Wu JW, Kuo YC, Lee CK, Hsiao G. Carbamazepine attenuates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression through Akt inhibition in activated microglial cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1451-1459. [PMID: 25026355 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.898074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Background: Carbamazepine, which was developed primarily for the treatment of epilepsy, is now also useful for the treatment of non-epileptic disorders and inflammatory hyperalgesia. However, the mechanism of its anti-neuroinflammatory action remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study elucidates the anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of carbamazepine on microglial activation and the relative mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The microglial BV-2 cells were pretreated with carbamazepine for 15 min before activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After LPS stimulation, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was analyzed by Western blotting (WB) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Signaling proteins and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were also evaluated by WB. The levels of nitrate and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were analyzed by the Griess method and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, respectively. The formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined by fluorescent analysis. RESULTS Carbamazepine strongly attenuated LPS-induced production of NO and iNOS protein at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 μM. Consistently, it could markedly suppress iNOS mRNA expression stimulated by LPS. Among the signaling pathways, LPS-mediated IκBα degradation or JNK MAPK phosphorylation was not affected by carbamazepine. Interestingly, it was found that carbamazepine could concentration-dependently inhibit LPS-activated phospho-Akt expression. Nevertheless, LPS-induced ROS production was not affected by carbamazepine. Carbamazepine (20 μM) affected either COX-2 expression or TNF-α production induced by LPS with approximately 70% and 51% inhibition, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings showed that carbamazepine exerted selective inhibition on LPS-induced microglial iNOS expression through the down-regulation of Akt activation, and thus may play a pivotal role of anti-neuroinflammation in its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsu Wang
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cathay General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
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Viegas CM, Zanatta Â, Grings M, Hickmann FH, Monteiro WO, Soares LE, Sitta Â, Leipnitz G, de Oliveira FH, Wajner M. Disruption of redox homeostasis and brain damage caused in vivo by methylmalonic acid and ammonia in cerebral cortex and striatum of developing rats. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:659-69. [PMID: 24580146 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.898842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia is a common finding in children with methylmalonic acidemia and propionic acidemia, but its contribution to the development of the neurological symptoms in the affected patients is poorly known. Considering that methylmalonic acid (MMA) and propionic acid (PA) predominantly accumulate in these disorders, we investigated the effects of hyperammonemia induced by urease treatment in 30-day-old rats receiving an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of MMA or PA on important parameters of redox homeostasis in cerebral cortex and striatum. We evaluated glutathione (GSH) concentrations, sulfhydryl content, nitrate and nitrite concentrations, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) oxidation, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. MMA decreased GSH concentrations and sulfhydryl content and increased nitrate and nitrite concentrations in cerebral cortex and striatum from hyperammonemic rats, whereas MMA or ammonia per se did not alter these parameters. MMA plus hyperammonemia also decreased glutathione reductase activity in rat cerebral cortex, but did not affect catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, neither DCFH oxidation. Furthermore, ICV PA administration alone or combined with hyperammonemia did not alter any of the evaluated parameters. We also found that pre-treatment with antioxidants prevented GSH reduction and sulfhydryl oxidation, whereas N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) prevented the increased nitrate and nitrite concentrations provoked by MMA plus ammonia treatments. Histological alterations, including vacuolization, ischemic neurons, and pericellular edema, were observed in brain of hyperammonemic rats injected with MMA. The data indicate a synergistic effect of MMA and ammonia disturbing redox homeostasis and causing morphological brain abnormalities in rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Viegas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, RS , Brazil
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Chronic administration of methylmalonate on young rats alters neuroinflammatory markers and spatial memory. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1175-83. [PMID: 23726524 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The methylmalonic acidemia is an inborn error of metabolism (IEM) characterized by methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulation in body fluids and tissues, causing neurological dysfunction, mitochondrial failure and oxidative stress. Although neurological evidence demonstrate that infection and/or inflammation mediators facilitate metabolic crises in patients, the involvement of neuroinflammatory processes in the neuropathology of this organic acidemia is not yet established. In this experimental study, we used newborn Wistar rats to induce a model of chronic acidemia via subcutaneous injections of methylmalonate (MMA, from 5th to 28th day of life, twice a day, ranged from 0.72 to 1.67 μmol/g as a function of animal age). In the following days (29th-31st) animal behavior was assessed in the object exploration test and elevated plus maze. It was performed differential cell and the number of neutrophils counting and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the blood, as well as levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in the cerebral cortex were measured. Behavioral tests showed that animals injected chronically with MMA have a reduction in the recognition index (R.I.) when the objects were arranged in a new configuration space, but do not exhibit anxiety-like behaviors. The blood of MMA-treated animals showed a decrease in the number of polymorphonuclear and neutrophils, and an increase in mononuclear and other cell types, as well as an increase of IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Concomitantly, MMA increased levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and expression of iNOS and 3-NT in the cerebral cortex of rats. The overall results indicate that chronic administration of MMA increased pro-inflammatory markers in the cerebral cortex, reduced immune system defenses in blood, and coincide with the behavioral changes found in young rats. This leads to speculate that, through mechanisms not yet elucidated, the neuroinflammatory processes during critical periods of development may contribute to the progression of cognitive impairment in patients with methylmalonic acidemia.
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Banderó CRR, Salvadori MGSS, Gomes AT, Dal Ri NMK, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Rambo LM, Scorza FA, Cysneiros RM, Emanuelli T, Mello CF. Fish oil attenuates methylmalonate-induced seizures. Epilepsy Res 2013; 105:69-76. [PMID: 23375884 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemias are inherited metabolic disorders characterized by methylmalonate (MMA) accumulation and neurological dysfunction, including seizures. Dietary fatty acids are known as an important energy source and reduce seizure activity in selected acute animal models. This study investigated whether chronic treatment with fish oil or with oleic acid attenuates MMA-induced seizures and whether maintenance of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was involved in such an effect. Adult male Wistar rats were given fish oil (85 mg/kg), oleic acid (85 mg/kg) or vehicle (0.42% aqueous Cremophor EL™, 4 mL/kg/body weight/day), p.o., for 75 days. On the 73th day a cannula was implanted in the right lateral ventricle with electrodes over the parietal cortex for EEG recording. On the 76th day the animals were injected with NaCl (2.5 μmol/2.5 μL, i.c.v.), or with MMA (2.5 μmol/2.5 μL, i.c.v.), and seizure activity was measured by electroencephagraphic (EEG) recording with concomitant behavior monitoring. The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity of slices of cerebral cortex from NaCl-injected animals was determined. Fish oil increased the latency to MMA-induced tonic-clonic seizures, reduced the mean amplitude of ictal EEG recordings, and prevented PGE2-induced decrease of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in cortical slices in vitro. Oleic acid decreased mean amplitude of ictal EEG recordings. The results support that fish oil decreases MMA-induced seizures. The decreased sensitivity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase to the inhibitory effect of PGE2 in fish oil-treated animals may be related to the currently reported anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ruedell Reschke Banderó
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-Camobi, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Salvadori MGSS, Banderó CRR, Jesse AC, Gomes AT, Rambo LM, Bueno LM, Bortoluzzi VT, Oliveira MS, Mello CF. Prostaglandin E(2) potentiates methylmalonate-induced seizures. Epilepsia 2011; 53:189-98. [PMID: 22091840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Methylmalonic acidemias are inherited metabolic disorders characterized by methylmalonate (MMA) accumulation and neurologic dysfunction, including seizures. It is known that metabolic crises in affected patients are precipitated by infections. Although growing evidence supports that inflammation facilitates seizures, it is not known whether inflammatory mediators facilitate MMA-induced seizures. Therefore, in this study we investigate the involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in MMA-induced seizures. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were implanted with electrodes over the parietal cortex for electroencephalography (EEG) recording and a cannula in the right lateral ventricle. Animals were injected with PGE(2) (100 ng/2 μl, i.c.v.) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (2 μl, i.c.v.), 15 min before MMA (2.5 μmol/2.5 μl, i.c.v.) or NaCl (2.5 μmol/2.5 μl, i.c.v.). The anticonvulsant effect of celecoxib (0.2; 2 or 20 mg/kg, p.o., 60 min before MMA) on MMA-induced seizures, and whether PGE(2) (10 or 100 ng/2 μl, i.c.v.) prevented the anticonvulsant effect of celecoxib (2 mg/kg, p.o.) were also investigated. KEY FINDINGS PGE(2) decreased the latency to MMA-induced jerks and generalized seizures, and increased the amplitude of generalized seizure EEG recordings. The selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib at the dose 2 mg/kg, but not at the dose 20 mg/kg, completely prevented MMA-induced seizures. The protective effect of celecoxib (2 mg/kg) against MMA-induced seizures was prevented by PGE(2). SIGNIFICANCE These results support a role for PGE(2) in the seizures elicited by MMA, which is in agreement with the view that infections may precipitate and exacerbate neurologic dysfunction in patients with MMA acidemic.
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Experimental evidence that methylmalonic acid provokes oxidative damage and compromises antioxidant defenses in nerve terminal and striatum of young rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:775-85. [PMID: 21424830 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia and propionic acidemia are organic acidemias biochemically characterized by predominant tissue accumulation of methylmalonic acid (MMA) and propionic acid (PA), respectively. Affected patients present predominantly neurological symptoms, whose pathogenesis is not yet fully established. In the present study we investigated the in vitro effects of MMA and PA on important parameters of lipid and protein oxidative damage and on the production of reactive species in synaptosomes from cerebrum of developing rats. Synaptosomes correspond to nerve terminals that have been used to investigate toxic properties of compounds on neuronal cells. The in vivo effects of intrastriatal injection of MMA and PA on the same parameters and on enzymatic antioxidant defenses, were also studied. MMA-induced in vitro and in vivo lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative damage. Furthermore, the lipid oxidative damage was attenuated or prevented, pending on the doses utilized, by the free radical scavengers α-tocopherol, melatonin and by the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist MK-801, implying the involvement of reactive species and glutamate receptor activation in these effects. In addition, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate oxidation was significantly increased in synaptosomes by MMA, reinforcing that reactive species generation is elicited by this organic acid. We also verified that glutathione peroxidase activity was inhibited by intrastriatal MMA injection. In contrast, PA did not induce any significant effect on all parameters examined in vitro and in vivo, implying a selective action for MMA. The present data demonstrate that oxidative stress is induced by MMA in vitro in nerve terminals and in vivo in striatum, suggesting the participation of neuronal cells in MMA-elicited oxidative damage.
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Arhan E, Serdaroglu A, Ozturk B, Ozturk HS, Ozcelik A, Kurt N, Kutsal E, Sevinc N. Effects of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs on nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase system in children with idiopathic epilepsy. Seizure 2011; 20:138-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Peker E, Oktar S, Arı M, Kozan R, Doğan M, Çağan E, Söğüt S. Nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme levels in epileptic children using valproic acid. Brain Res 2009; 1297:194-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 08/08/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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