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Gana J, Gcebe N, Moerane R, Ngoshe YB, Moabelo K, Adesiyun AA. Detection of Pathogenic Serogroups and Virulence Genes in Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Beef and Beef Products Retailed in Gauteng Province, South Africa, Using Phenotypic and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Based Methods. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:8891963. [PMID: 38510936 PMCID: PMC10954364 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8891963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
South Africa recently (2017-18) experienced the largest outbreak of human listeriosis in the world caused by L. monocytogenes following the consumption of "polony," a ready-to-eat meat product. Most (59%) cases originated from Gauteng province, South Africa. As a follow-up study to the outbreak, we used standard bacteriological and molecular methods to determine the prevalence of pathogenic and virulent serogroups of L. monocytogenes in various beef and beef products retailed in Gauteng province, South Africa. The overall prevalence of Listeria spp. was 28% (112/400), comprising Listeria monocytogenes (9.3%), Listeria innocua (16.3%), and Listeria welshimeri (2.5%) (p < 0.001). It is crucial to have detected that the region (p=0.036), type of product (p=0.032), and temperature at storage (p=0.011) significantly affected the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in beef products. It is alarming that pathogenic serogroups 4b-4d-4e (51.4%) and 1/2a-3a (43.2%) were detected among the isolates of L. monocytogenes. Importantly, they were all carriers of seven virulence-associated genes (hlyA, inlB, plcA, iap, inlA, inlC, and inlJ). Our study also demonstrated that 16.7% of "polony" samples investigated were contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Considering that pathogenic and virulent L. monocytogenes contaminated beef and beef products retailed in South Africa, the food safety risk posed to consumers remains and cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the contamination of these products with L. monocytogenes during beef production, processing, and retailing to avoid future outbreaks of human listeriosis in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational Education, Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 39, Kontagora, Niger, Nigeria
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rebone Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Yusuf B. Ngoshe
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Khomotso Moabelo
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Abiodun A. Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Erol Z, Taşçı F. Investigation of the seasonal prevalence, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in slaughterhouses in Burdur. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae056. [PMID: 38460954 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study examined Listeria monocytogenes isolates from two slaughterhouses in Burdur province, southern Turkey, over four seasons for antibiotic resistance, serogroups, virulence genes, in vitro biofilm forming capacity, and genetic relatedness. METHODS AND RESULTS Carcass (540) and environment-equipment surface (180) samples were collected from two slaughterhouses (S1, S2) for 1 year (4 samplings). Of the 89 (12.4%) positive isolates, 48 (53.9%) were from animal carcasses, and 41 (46.1%) from the environment-equipment surfaces. Autumn was the peak season for Listeria monocytogenes compared to summer and spring (P < 0.05). In addition, the most common serotype between seasons was 1/2c. Except for plcA and luxS genes, all isolates (100%) harbored inlA, inlC, inlJ, hlyA, actA, iap, flaA genes. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were identified as belonging to IIc (1/2c-3c; 68.5%), IVb (4b-4d-4e; 29.2%), and IIa (1/2a-3a; 2.2%) in the screening using multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based serogrouping test. A total of 65 pulsotypes and 13 clusters with at least 80% homology were determined by using pulsed field gel electrophoresis on samples that had been digested with ApaI. Thirty-four (38.2%) of the isolates were not resistant to any of the 14 antibiotics tested. The antibiotic to which the isolates showed the most resistance was rifampicin (44.9%). Serotype 1/2c was the most resistant serotype to antibiotics. Despite having biofilm-associated genes (inlA, inlB, actA, flaA, and luxS), a minority (11%) of isolates formed weak biofilm. CONCLUSION This study revealed seasonal changes prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes, particularly higher in autumn, posing a greater risk of meat contamination. Notably, Serotype 1/2c showed significant prevalence and antibiotic resistance. Indistinguishable isolates indicated cross-contamination, underscoring the importance of prioritized training for slaughterhouse personnel in sanitation and hygiene protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Erol
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15030 Burdur, Turkey
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42310 Ereğli/Konya, Turkey
| | - Fulya Taşçı
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15030 Burdur, Turkey
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Angelidis AS, Grammenou AS, Kotzamanidis C, Giadinis ND, Zdragas AG, Sergelidis D. Prevalence, Serotypes, Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Bulk-Tank Bovine Milk in Northern Greece. Pathogens 2023; 12:837. [PMID: 37375527 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in bovine bulk-tank milk (BTM) in Greece has not been previously investigated. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in bovine BTM in Greece and to characterize the isolates in terms of carriage of genes encoding for pathogenic determinants, assess the isolates' biofilm-forming ability and determine their susceptibility against 12 antimicrobials. Samples (n = 138) of bovine BTM were obtained from farms located throughout Northern Greece and were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for L. monocytogenes. Five samples (3.6%) tested positive for L. monocytogenes. The pathogen's populations in these positive samples were below 5 CFU/mL. Most isolates belonged to the molecular serogroup "1/2a, 3a". All isolates carried the virulence genes inlA, inlC, inlJ, iap, plcA and hlyA, but actA was detected in only three isolates. The isolates displayed weak to moderate biofilm-forming ability and distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles. All isolates were characterized as multidrug resistant, with resistance to penicillin and clindamycin being a common feature. Considering that L. monocytogenes constitutes a serious public health threat, the key findings of the study, related to the carriage of virulence genes and multidrug resistance, highlight the importance of continued monitoring of the pathogen in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos S Angelidis
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Milk and Dairy Products, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Afroditi S Grammenou
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Kotzamanidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Nektarios D Giadinis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios G Zdragas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Daniel Sergelidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Moabelo KC, Gcebe N, Gana J, Ngoshe YB, Adesiyun AA. Contamination of beef and beef products by
Listeria
spp. and molecular characterization of
L. monocytogenes
in Mpumalanga, South Africa. J Food Saf 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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Schoder D, Pelz A, Paulsen P. Transmission Scenarios of Listeria monocytogenes on Small Ruminant On-Farm Dairies. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020265. [PMID: 36673359 PMCID: PMC9858201 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause severe foodborne infections in humans and invasive diseases in different animal species, especially in small ruminants. Infection of sheep and goats can occur via contaminated feed or through the teat canal. Both infection pathways result in direct (e.g., raw milk from an infected udder or fresh cheese produced from such milk) or indirect exposure of consumers. The majority of dairy farmers produces a high-risk product, namely fresh cheese made from raw ewe's and goat's milk. This, and the fact that L. monocytogenes has an extraordinary viability, poses a significant challenge to on-farm dairies. Yet, surprisingly, almost no scientific studies have been conducted dealing with the hygiene and food safety aspects of directly marketed dairy products. L. monocytogenes prevalence studies on small ruminant on-farm dairies are especially limited. Therefore, it was our aim to focus on three main transmission scenarios of this important major foodborne pathogen: (i) the impact of caprine and ovine listerial mastitis; (ii) the significance of clinical listeriosis and outbreak scenarios; and (iii) the impact of farm management and feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Schoder
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Vétérinaires sans Frontières Austria, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-3520
| | - Alexandra Pelz
- Vétérinaires sans Frontières Austria, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Virulence Characteristics and Distribution of the Pathogen Listeria ivanovii in the Environment and in Food. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081679. [PMID: 36014096 PMCID: PMC9414773 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria ivanovii and L. monocytogenes, are the only pathogenic species of the genus Listeria and share many virulence factors and mechanisms of pathogenicity. L. ivanovii shows host tropism towards small ruminants and rodents and much lower virulence for humans compared to L. monocytogenes. However, severe infections caused by L. ivanovii, resulting in bacteremia, abortion and stillbirth, occasionally occurred in immunocompromised persons and in pregnant women, while in immunocompetent hosts L. ivanovii can cause gastroenteritis. In this review, the updated knowledge on virulence aspects and distribution of L. ivanovii in the environment and in food is summarized. Recent research on its virulence characters at genome level gave indications on how pathogenicity evolved in this bacterial species. As for L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii infections occurred after the ingestion of contaminated food, so an overview of reports regarding its distribution in food products was carried out to obtain indications on the categories of foods exposed to contamination by L. ivanovii. It was found that a wide variety of food products can be a source of this microorganism and that, like L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii is able to persist in the food production environment. Studies on its ability to grow in enrichment and isolation media suggested that its occurrence in nature might be underestimated. Moreover, virulence varies among strains for differences in virulence character regulation, presence/absence of genetic regions and the possible instability of a Listeria pathogenicity genomic island, LIPI-2, which is unique to L. ivanovii. We can conclude that L. ivanovii, as a possible pathogen for animals and humans, requires more focused investigations regarding its occurrence in the environment and in food and on intra-species variability of pathogenic potential.
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Novel Approaches to Environmental Monitoring and Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Food Production Facilities. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121760. [PMID: 35741961 PMCID: PMC9222551 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a serious public health hazard responsible for the foodborne illness listeriosis. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature and can become established in food production facilities, resulting in the contamination of a variety of food products, especially ready-to-eat foods. Effective and risk-based environmental monitoring programs and control strategies are essential to eliminate L. monocytogenes in food production environments. Key elements of the environmental monitoring program include (i) identifying the sources and prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the production environment, (ii) verifying the effectiveness of control measures to eliminate L. monocytogenes, and (iii) identifying the areas and activities to improve control. The design and implementation of the environmental monitoring program are complex, and several different approaches have emerged for sampling and detecting Listeria monocytogenes in food facilities. Traditional detection methods involve culture methods, followed by confirmation methods based on phenotypic, biochemical, and immunological characterization. These methods are laborious and time-consuming as they require at least 2 to 3 days to obtain results. Consequently, several novel detection approaches are gaining importance due to their rapidness, sensitivity, specificity, and high throughput. This paper comprehensively reviews environmental monitoring programs and novel approaches for detection based on molecular methods, immunological methods, biosensors, spectroscopic methods, microfluidic systems, and phage-based methods. Consumers have now become more interested in buying food products that are minimally processed, free of additives, shelf-stable, and have a better nutritional and sensory value. As a result, several novel control strategies have received much attention for their less adverse impact on the organoleptic properties of food and improved consumer acceptability. This paper reviews recent developments in control strategies by categorizing them into thermal, non-thermal, biocontrol, natural, and chemical methods, emphasizing the hurdle concept that involves a combination of different strategies to show synergistic impact to control L. monocytogenes in food production environments.
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Lianou DT, Skoulakis A, Michael CK, Katsarou EI, Chatzopoulos DC, Solomakos N, Tsilipounidaki K, Florou Z, Cripps PJ, Katsafadou AI, Vasileiou NGC, Dimoveli KS, Bourganou MV, Liagka DV, Papatsiros VG, Kontou PI, Mavrogianni VS, Caroprese M, Petinaki E, Fthenakis GC. Isolation of Listeria ivanovii from Bulk-Tank Milk of Sheep and Goat Farms-From Clinical Work to Bioinformatics Studies: Prevalence, Association with Milk Quality, Antibiotic Susceptibility, Predictors, Whole Genome Sequence and Phylogenetic Relationships. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060871. [PMID: 35741392 PMCID: PMC9220212 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary An extensive countrywide study in Greece revealed that isolation of the zoonotic pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii from the milk produced in sheep or goat farms was infrequent: 1.2% of farms sampled. The presence of pigs on the farms, low average relative humidity in the environment and a high number of animals on the farms were found to be associated with the isolations. Detailed assessment of the L. ivanovii strains, for which there is a paucity of information worldwide, revealed that the isolated strains belonged to the L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii branch. All strains of the branch appeared to be very similar, with the distance between them being small, which suggests that global spread of this clonal branch is a recent evolutionary event or that the branch is characterized by a slow evolutionary rate. Abstract A cross-sectional study was performed in 325 sheep and 119 goat dairy farms in Greece. Samples of bulk-tank milk were examined by standard microbiological techniques for Listeria spp. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from one (0.3%) and Listeria ivanovii from three (0.9%) sheep farms. No associations between the isolation of L. monocytogenes or L. ivanovii and milk quality were found. No resistance to antibiotics was identified. Three variables emerged as significant predictors of isolation of the organism: the presence of pigs, low average relative humidity and a high number of ewes on the farm. The three L. ivanovii isolates were assessed in silico for identification of plasmids, prophages, antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, CRISPRs and CAS genes. Phylogenetic analysis using the core genome revealed that the three strains belonged to the L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii branch and were especially close to the PAM 55 strain. All strains of the branch appeared to be very similar, with the distance between them being small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne T. Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.C.); (K.S.D.); (V.G.P.); (V.S.M.)
| | | | - Charalambia K. Michael
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.C.); (K.S.D.); (V.G.P.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Eleni I. Katsarou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.C.); (K.S.D.); (V.G.P.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.C.C.); (A.I.K.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Nikolaos Solomakos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.C.); (K.S.D.); (V.G.P.); (V.S.M.)
| | | | - Zoe Florou
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (K.T.); (Z.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Peter J. Cripps
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.C.); (K.S.D.); (V.G.P.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Angeliki I. Katsafadou
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.C.C.); (A.I.K.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Natalia G. C. Vasileiou
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (N.G.C.V.); (D.V.L.)
| | - Konstantina S. Dimoveli
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.C.); (K.S.D.); (V.G.P.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Maria V. Bourganou
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.C.C.); (A.I.K.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Dimitra V. Liagka
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (N.G.C.V.); (D.V.L.)
| | - Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.C.); (K.S.D.); (V.G.P.); (V.S.M.)
| | | | - Vasia S. Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.C.); (K.S.D.); (V.G.P.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (K.T.); (Z.F.); (E.P.)
| | - George C. Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.C.); (K.S.D.); (V.G.P.); (V.S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Molecular characterization and hematological analysis of Listeria monocytogenes infection in dairy cows in Punjab (Pakistan). Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:201. [PMID: 35239048 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Listeriosis is an emerging bacterial disease of animals and humans worldwide, caused by Listeria monocytogenes. The infected dairy cows continuously shed the microbes in their milk, a human being's concern. This study was designed to molecular characterize the Listeria monocytogenes isolated from symptomatic cow's milk of tehsils Samundri, Gujar khan, and Alipur of Punjab. A total of 175 milk samples were collected, pre-enriched and cultured on PALCAM agar. The affirmation of the hlyA gene of Listeria monocytogenes was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 3.43% of isolates were found positive. The phylogenetic analysis showed a resemblance of our isolates of Listeria monocytogenes with India (KP965733), the USA (DQ812484), and 3 of our isolates made a clade. The leucocytes and neutrophils count were found significantly increased in listeriosis affected cows. The Chi-square test showed a significant association between poor quality silage feeding and listeriosis. The presence of L.monocytogenes in cow's milk indicates a potential threat to humans. It is further recommended that it should be consistently monitored to ensure food safety.
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Papatzimos G, Kotzamanidis C, Kyritsi M, Malissiova E, Economou V, Giantzi V, Zdragas A, Hadjichristodoulou C, Sergelidis D. Prevalence and characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in meat, meat products, food handlers and the environment of the meat processing and the retail facilities of a company in Northern Greece. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:367-376. [PMID: 34850423 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in the receiving meat, the meat products, the personnel and the environment of a vertically integrated company in Northern Greece owing a processing plant and three trading facilities. A total of 303 samples were examined from the receiving raw meat, raw meat preparations, ready-to-eat meat products, processing surfaces and the environment of these facilities as well as the food handlers' hands and nasal cavities. MALDI-TOF MS was used for Listeria identification; from the 22 (7·26%) positive to Listeria spp. isolates, 12 (3·96%) identified as L. monocytogenes, eight (2·64%) as Listeria innocua and two (0·66%) as Listeria welshimeri. Molecular serotyping of L. monocytogenes isolates by multiplex PCR revealed 11 strains belonging to serogroup IIa (1/2a and 3a) and one to IIc (1/2c and 3c). The assay for the detection of the virulence-associated genes revealed eight isolates carrying all the examined genes (inlA, inlB, inlC, plcA, prfA, actA, hlyA and iap) and four carrying all except the actA gene. Eleven (91·7%) of the isolates showed a strong ability to form biofilm. All isolates were multidrug resistant. The MALDI-TOF Main Spectrum Profile (MSPs), revealed three clusters: one with five isolates (four from environmental samples and one from a food handler), one with five isolates (all from environmental samples) and one with two isolates (both from raw meat products). MALDI-TOF MS seems to be a reliable tool for the identification of niches and contamination routes in processing plants, contributing also to the evaluation and improvement of the applied preventive measures to control L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Papatzimos
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin - Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Kotzamanidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - M Kyritsi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - E Malissiova
- Food of Animal Origin Laboratory, Animal Science Department, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - V Economou
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin - Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Giantzi
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - A Zdragas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - C Hadjichristodoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - D Sergelidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin - Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Barbuddhe SB, Rawool DB, Doijad SP, Vergis J, Malik SS, Chakraborty T. Ecology of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria species in India: the occurrence, resistance to biocides, genomic landscape and biocontrol. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:2759-2780. [PMID: 34693631 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, has been implicated in increasing foodborne outbreaks worldwide. The disease is manifested in various forms ranging from severe sepsis in immune-compromised individuals, febrile gastroenteritis, still birth, abortions and meningoencephalitis. In India, data from studies on the detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of L. monocytogenes are only recently emerging. The presence of Listeria in different ecological niches has been recorded from India, including foods, soil, vegetables, mangrove swamps, seafood, freshwater fishes, clinical cases, and also insects. The organism has also been isolated from women with spontaneous abortions, miscarriage or recurrent obstetric history, aborted foetuses, animal clinical cases and wildlife samples. A novel species of Listeria has also been characterized. Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from clinical, environmental, and foods showed biofilm-forming abilities. Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b isolates of ST328, a predominant and unique ST observed in India, was repeatedly isolated from different sources, times, and geographical locations. Here, we reviewed the occurrence of Listeria in different sources in India, its resistance to biocides, and provide epidemiological analysis on its genomic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepak Bhiwa Rawool
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500092, India
| | - Swapnil Prakash Doijad
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Jess Vergis
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673576, India
| | - Satyaveer Singh Malik
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Giessen, 35392, Germany
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12
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Menon KV, Sunil B, Latha C. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Listeria spp. associated with seafoods from fish catchment areas in Kerala, India. Vet World 2021; 14:777-783. [PMID: 33935427 PMCID: PMC8076452 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.777-783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous, intracellular pathogen which has been implicated as a cause of several foodborne outbreaks. This study aimed to generate information on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Listeria species isolated from seafood. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 samples of fresh fish, 100 samples of dry fish and 200 samples each of crustaceans and mollusks were collected from the fish catchment areas. All the samples were subjected to isolation and identification of Listeria spp. by two-step enrichment in UVM broth and plating on selective agar media (PALCAM) and then subjected to molecular characterization. L. monocytogenes isolates obtained during the study were subjected to serotyping by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The isolates were also subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test. Results: The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in seafoods in the present study was 0.55%. The isolates of L. monocytogenes were found to possess all virulence genes, namely, iap, hlyA, actA, prfA, plcA, and inlA. All the isolates belonged to serotype 4b. The occurrence of Listeria innocua was found to be more and was detected in 16.77% of seafood samples. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that all isolates were resistant to cefixime but were sensitive to almost all other commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion: The presence of Listeria spp. in raw seafood samples augments the need for implementation of good hygienic practices during the handling and processing of seafoods to safeguard the health of the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vrinda Menon
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - B Sunil
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - C Latha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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13
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Dushku E, Kotzamanidis C, Avgousti K, Zdragas A, Vafeas G, Giantzi V, Staikou A, Yiangou M. Listeria monocytogenes induced dysbiosis in snails and rebiosis achieved by administration of the gut commensal Lactobacillus plantarum Sgs14 strain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:337-346. [PMID: 32540502 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes strains were isolated from Cornu aspersum maxima snails from farm units experiencing high mortalities and were characterized by phenotypic, molecular and biochemical criteria. A high heterogeneity was observed in the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pulsotypes as well as in the virulence (13-100% mortality) among the fifteen L. monocytogenes strains. One strain was characterized as non-virulent while three strains exhibited hypervirulent phenotype. Hypervirulence activity was associated with cell surface properties such as hydrophobicity, autoaggregation and biofilm formation, with increased tolerance to snail's gut barriers such as pedal mucus, gastric mucus, gastric juices, and acidic pH as well as with increased capacity to resist the antibacterial activity of snail haemolymph and modulate immune cell populations and functions such as chemotaxis and phagocytoses. L. monocytogenes dysbiosis was characterized by a clinicopathological phenotype including immobilization of snails' headfoot outside the shell, increased mucus-secreting cells in the intestinal epithelium and feces, alteration of intestinal ridges morphology and excessive increase of haemolymph immune cells and cell death. Rebiosis in L. monocytogenes SN3 strain infected snails was achieved by dietary supplementation of the snail-gut commensal probiotic L. plantarum Sgs14 strain by exhibiting anti-Listeria activity, reducing mortality and clinicopathological manifestations as well as exhibiting immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Dushku
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Kotzamanidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Campus of Thermi, Thermi, 570 01, Greece
| | - Kalodoti Avgousti
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Zdragas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Campus of Thermi, Thermi, 570 01, Greece
| | - George Vafeas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Campus of Thermi, Thermi, 570 01, Greece
| | - Virginia Giantzi
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Campus of Thermi, Thermi, 570 01, Greece
| | - Alexandra Staikou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Minas Yiangou
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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14
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Al-Mayahi FSA, Jaber SM. Multiple drug resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from aborted women by using serological and molecular techniques in Diwaniyah city/Iraq. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 12:305-312. [PMID: 32994901 PMCID: PMC7502142 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i4.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The study was sought to detect the effect of Listeria monocytogenes on pregnant Iraqi women at Al-Diwaniya hospitals and determination of virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. Materials and Methods: 360 specimens including blood, urine, vaginal and endocervical were collected from 90 patients with spontaneous abortions. Blood samples were displayed to immunological study and remaining specimens were subjected to bacteriological diagnosis. PCR was used to determine the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes. Results: Fifteen positive samples (16.6%) of patients and thirteen isolates (14.5%) from patients were recognized based on ELISA and PCR assay respectively. The general isolation of L. monocytogenes strains in cases of abortive women was 13/270 (4.8%). L. monocytogenes strains were highly virulent because of presence of virulence factors associated genes, namely actA, hlyA, plcA and prfA in all strains. Multiple drug resistance (MAR) index values of 15.4% of isolates were >0.2. Conclusion: It is necessary for conducting susceptibility testing and to select the suitable antibiotics and avoid the effects of these bacteria in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saja Mahdey Jaber
- Department of Science, School of Nursing, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq
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15
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Alka, Singh R, Kaur S, Bedi JS. Listeria contamination in chevon and mutton from retail meat shops and slaughter house environment of Punjab, India. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5499021. [PMID: 31132099 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is recognized as an emerging pathogen, with limited information or statistics on this pathogen. Moreover, poor hygienic practices in the unorganized meat sector favor its growth and survival. Therefore, the present study was carried out in Punjab, India to assess the prevalence of Listeria spp. in chevon and mutton samples, followed by its characterization. The prevalence of Listeria in chevon, mutton and swab samples collected from butchers' shops and slaughter houses was 1.82%, 3.21% and 6.66%, respectively. The 18 (2.67%) L. monocytogenes strains isolated from 786 samples carried one or more virulence-associated gene. Based on virulence genes, 6/18 isolates were potentially pathogenic. Serovar 4b (44.4%) was predominant, followed by serovars 1/2a (22.2%), 1/2b (22.2%) and 1/2c (11.1%). Detection of L. monocytogenes in meat and environment samples indicated poor hygiene, potential cross-contamination and risk of listeriosis to consumers and occupational workers. The findings of the study were also relevant to the fact that most of the slaughtering in Punjab, India is carried out in unorganized way, and this meat is not stored propery. Moreover, in the absence of a systematic foodborne disease surveillance and monitoring program, a database on foodborne diseases is absent, and needs to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India 141004
| | - Randhir Singh
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India 141004
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India 141004
| | - Jasbir Singh Bedi
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India 141004
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16
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Li Y, Qiu Y, Ye C, Chen L, Liang Y, Liu G, Liu J. High-flux simultaneous screening of common foodborne pathogens and their virulent factors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:693-700. [PMID: 31863186 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection techniques for foodborne pathogens are important to the food industry. However, traditional detection methods rely on bacterial culture in combination with biochemical tests, a process that typically takes 4-7 days to complete. In this study, we described a high-flux polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for simultaneous detection of nine targeted genes (rfbE, stx1, stx2, invA, oprI, tlh, trh, tdh, and hlyA) with multiplex strains. The designed primers were highly specific for their respective target gene fragments. As the selected primers follow the principles of similar melting and annealing temperature, all the targeted genes could be detected for one strain with the same PCR program. Combining with 96-well PCR plate, by adding a single different gene to each well in each row, both the ATCC strains (E. coli, Salmonella spp., V. parahaemolyticus, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus) and the clinical strains (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus) were simultaneously detected to carry their specific and virulence genes. Therefore, using 96-well PCR plate for PCR amplification might be applied to high-flux sequencing of specific and virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yisen Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Congxiu Ye
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Guangdong Zhongqing Font Biochemical Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Maoming, 525427, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Guangzhou KEO Biotechnology Co. LTD, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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17
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Characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes from Food and Human Clinical Samples at Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Kulesh R, Shinde SV, Khan WA, Chaudhari SP, Patil AR, Kurkure NV, Paliwal N, Likhite AV, Zade N, Barbuddhe SB. The occurrence ofListeria monocytogenesin goats, farm environment and invertebrates. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1660836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kulesh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - S. V. Shinde
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - W. A. Khan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - S. P. Chaudhari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - A. R. Patil
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - N. V. Kurkure
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - Neha Paliwal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - Amrut V. Likhite
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - N.N. Zade
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
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19
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Shakuntala I, Das S, Ghatak S, Milton AAP, Sanjukta R, Puro KU, Pegu RK, Duarah A, Barbuddhe SB, Sen A. Prevalence, characterization, and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from foods of animal origin in North East India. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2019.1617167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingudam Shakuntala
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Samir Das
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sandeep Ghatak
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | | | - Rajkumari Sanjukta
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Kekungu-U Puro
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Raj Kumar Pegu
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Aparajita Duarah
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | | | - Arnab Sen
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
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20
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Kotzamanidis C, Papadopoulos T, Vafeas G, Tsakos P, Giantzi V, Zdragas A. Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from encephalitis cases of small ruminants from different geographical regions, in Greece. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1373-1382. [PMID: 30835952 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and resistance phenotypes of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from clinical encephalitis cases, and compare this population to isolates derived from tank milk of healthy animals. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 57 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from ruminant's listeriosis cases (n = 31) and from tank milk of healthy ruminants (n = 26) were characterized by species PCR, molecular serotyping, PCR detection of virulence genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All strains possessed inlA, inlC, inlJ, plcA, actA, hlyA and iap virulence-associated genes while serotyping analysis revealed that they were mainly assigned into IVb group. Genotyping revealed 50 pulsotypes among the 57 strains assigned into seven clusters while indistinguishable pulsotypes between clinical and milk strains were not identified. Resistance of L. monocytogenes isolates to 14-16 antimicrobial agents tested was observed and 23 antimicrobial resistance profiles (ARPs) were defined while no apparent predominant ARP type was observed among isolates. CONCLUSIONS Small ruminants are exposed to a broad range of antimicrobial-resistant as well as genetically diverse strains of L. monocytogenes carrying virulence-associated genes but not all of them associated with the disease. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis suggests that pulsotypes associated with encephalitis are found in farms only in association with listeriosis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings are valuable in understanding the ecology of this important food-borne pathogen and creating awareness for the emerging antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kotzamanidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - T Papadopoulos
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Vafeas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - P Tsakos
- Ministry of Rural Development and Food Directorate of Veterinary Centre of Thessaloniki Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Brucellosis, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Giantzi
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - A Zdragas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
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21
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Matle I, Mbatha KR, Lentsoane O, Magwedere K, Morey L, Madoroba E. Occurrence, serotypes, and characteristics of
Listeria monocytogenes
in meat and meat products in South Africa between 2014 and 2016. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Itumeleng Matle
- Bacteriology DivisionARC‐Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Pretoria South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal HealthScience Campus, University of South Africa Florida South Africa
| | - Khanyisile R. Mbatha
- Department of Agriculture and Animal HealthScience Campus, University of South Africa Florida South Africa
| | - Olivia Lentsoane
- Bacteriology DivisionARC‐Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Pretoria South Africa
| | - Kudakwashe Magwedere
- Department of AgricultureForestry and Fisheries, Directorate of Veterinary Public Health Pretoria South Africa
| | - Liesl Morey
- Biometry DivisionAgricultural Research Council Corporate Office Pretoria South Africa
| | - Evelyn Madoroba
- Department of Agriculture and Animal HealthScience Campus, University of South Africa Florida South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and AgricultureUniversity of Zululand KwaDlangezwa South Africa
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22
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Kretzer JW, Schmelcher M, Loessner MJ. Ultrasensitive and Fast Diagnostics of Viable Listeria Cells by CBD Magnetic Separation Combined with A511:: luxAB Detection. Viruses 2018; 10:E626. [PMID: 30428537 PMCID: PMC6266503 DOI: 10.3390/v10110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Listeria includes foodborne pathogens that cause life-threatening infections in those at risk, and sensitive and specific methods for detection of these bacteria are needed. Based on their unrivaled host specificity and ability to discriminate viable cells, bacteriophages represent an ideal toolbox for the development of such methods. Here, the authors describe an ultrasensitive diagnostic protocol for Listeria by combining two phage-based strategies: (1) specific capture and concentration of target cells by magnetic separation, harnessing cell wall-binding domains from Listeria phage endolysins (CBD-MS); and (2) highly sensitive detection using an adaptation of the A511::luxAB bioluminescent reporter phage assay in a microwell plate format. The combined assay enabled direct detection of approximately 100 bacteria per ml of pure culture with genus-level specificity in less than 6 h. For contaminated foods, the procedure included a 16 h selective enrichment step, followed by CBD-MS separation and A511::luxAB detection. It was able to consistently detect extremely low numbers (0.1 to 1.0 cfu/g) of viable Listeria cells, in a total assay time of less than 22 h. These results demonstrate the superiority of this phage-based assay to standard culture-based diagnostic protocols for the detection of viable bacteria, with respect to both sensitivity and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Kretzer
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mathias Schmelcher
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin J Loessner
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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23
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Gowda TK, C. L, B. S, Van Damme I. Occurrence and Antibiotic Susceptibility ofListeriaSpecies andStaphylococcus aureusin Cattle Slaughterhouses of Kerala, South India. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:573-579. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja K.G.M. Gowda
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Latha C.
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Sunil B.
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Inge Van Damme
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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24
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Suryawanshi RD, Malik SVS, Jayarao B, Chaudhari SP, Savage E, Vergis J, Kurkure NV, Barbuddhe SB, Rawool DB. Comparative diagnostic efficacy of recombinant LLO and PI-PLC-based ELISAs for detection of listeriosis in animals. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 137:40-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Oultram JWH, Ganda EK, Boulding SC, Bicalho RC, Oikonomou G. A Metataxonomic Approach Could Be Considered for Cattle Clinical Mastitis Diagnostics. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:36. [PMID: 28344976 PMCID: PMC5344926 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most costly diseases affecting the dairy industry, and identification of the causative microorganism(s) is essential. Here, we report the use of next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes for clinical mastitis diagnosis. We used 65 paired milk samples, collected from the mastitic and a contralateral healthy quarter of mastitic dairy cattle to evaluate the technique as a potential alternative to bacterial culture or targeted PCR. One large commercial dairy farm was used, with one trained veterinarian collecting the milk samples. The 16S rRNA genes were individually amplified and sequenced using the MiSeq platform. The MiSeq Reporter was used in order to analyze the obtained sequences. Cattle were categorized according to whether or not 1 of the 10 most abundant bacterial genera in the mastitic quarter exhibited an increase in relative abundance between the healthy and mastitic quarters equal to, or exceeding, twofold. We suggest that this increase in relative abundance is indicative of the genus being a causative mastitis pathogen. Well-known mastitis-causing pathogens such as Streptococcus uberis and Staphylococcus spp. were identified in most cattle. We were able to diagnose 53 out of the 65 studied cases and identify potential new mastitis pathogens such as Sneathia sanguinegens and Listeria innocua, which are difficult to identify by bacterial culture because of their fastidious nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne W. H. Oultram
- Department of Livestock Health and Welfare, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Erika K. Ganda
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sarah C. Boulding
- Department of Livestock Health and Welfare, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Rodrigo C. Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Georgios Oikonomou
- Department of Livestock Health and Welfare, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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Budniak S, Kędrak-Jabłońska A, Szczawińska A, Reksa M, Krupa M, Szulowski K. Comparison of two multiplex PCR assays for the detection of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in biological samples. J Vet Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2016-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to optimise and compare two multiplex PCR assays for the detection of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in biological samples including the liver, brain, and blood. Material and Methods: Three strains of L. monocytogenes and single strains of each of the species: L. ivanovii, L. innocua, L. grayi, L. welshimeri, and L. seeligeri were used. Additionally, five other species of bacterium were used to evaluate the specificity of the tests. Results: Specific amplification products were obtained for both multiplex PCR assays, which confirmed the tested strains as Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Isolates of other species did not yield PCR products. Conclusion: Both multiplex PCR assays proved to be significantly sensitive and highly-specific methods for the detection of Listeria strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Budniak
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | | | - Anna Szczawińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Monika Reksa
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Marek Krupa
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szulowski
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Dietary mycotoxins binders: a strategy to reduce aflatoxin m1 residues and improve milk quality of lactating Beetal goats. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-016-1046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Osman KM, Samir A, Abo-Shama UH, Mohamed EH, Orabi A, Zolnikov T. Determination of virulence and antibiotic resistance pattern of biofilm producing Listeria species isolated from retail raw milk. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:263. [PMID: 27821054 PMCID: PMC5100219 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the foodborne pathogens is Listeria monocytogenes, which causes serious invasive illness in elderly and immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, newborns and infants ranking second after salmonellosis because of its high case fatality rate. Listerial cow mastitis marked by abnormal milk, increased cell counts and reduced production has not been reported. Therefore, apparently healthy cows can be reservoirs of L. monocytogenes. A number of 203 udder milk samples from apparently healthy animals (buffalo, n = 100; cow, n = 103) were collected and tested for Listeria. Isolated colonies on the PALCAM agar were Listeria species confirmed according to their biochemical and the Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen (CAMP) reactions. The Listeria species pathogenicity of was tested by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, DL-alanine-β-naphthylamide HCl, Dalanine-p-nitroanilide tests, chick embryo, mice inoculation tests, Vero cell cytotoxicity and biofilm formation. The virulence-associated genes, hlyA, plcB, actA and iap associated with Listeria were molecularly assayed. RESULTS The 17 isolated Listeria spp. represented a prevalence rate of 8.4 %. Of these 3 (1.4 %), 2 (1 %), 5 (2.5 %), 4 (2 %) and 3 (1.5 %) were confirmed as L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. welshimeri, L. seelegeri, respectively. While the L. monocytogenes isolate displayed all the four virulence-associated genes, L. seelegeri carried the hlyA gene only. The L. monocytogenes had a strong in vitro affinity to form a biofilm, in particular serotype 4 which is associated with human infections. L. monocytogenes showed resistance for 9/27 antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS The biofilm forming capability of the Listeria spps. makes them particularly successful in colonizing surfaces within the host thus being responsible for persistence infections and due to their antimicrobial resistant phenotype that this structure confers. In addition, strains belonging to serotypes associated with human infections and characterized by pathogenic potential (serotype 4) are capable to persist within the processing plants forming biofilm and thus being a medical hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia M. Osman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Samir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Usama H. Abo-Shama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Essam H. Mohamed
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Orabi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tara Zolnikov
- North Dakota State University, Developmental Science, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
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Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Milk and Milk Products in Kaduna, Nigeria. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 2016:4313827. [PMID: 27597873 PMCID: PMC4997079 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4313827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Listeria (L.) monocytogenes isolated from milk and milk products in Kaduna, Nigeria, were subjected to a multiplex PCR assay to identify virulence-associated genes (such as prf A, inl A, hly A, act A, and iap). Of the 36 isolates, 9 (25%) were positive for one or two virulence-associated genes. Based on the sample type, 6 (16.9%) of the isolates that possessed virulence-associated genes were obtained from raw milk, 2 (3.2%) from “Manshanu,” and 1 (2.8%) from “Kindrimo.” Sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA revealed that Nigerian L. monocytogenes isolates (NGA 34A, NGA 35A, NGA 41A, and NGA 38A), when compared with reference L. monocytogenes, were grouped into two distinct clusters, A and B, with sequence (NGA 34A, NGA 35A, and NGA 41A) phylogenetically closer to J1776; N1-011A; R2-502; J1816; and J2-031, whereas L. monocytogenes isolate (NGA 38A) clustered with EDG; J1-220; J1926; J1817; and J2-1091. The separation of the Nigerian L. monocytogenes isolates into linage A (responsible for epidemic listeriosis) and lineage B (responsible for sporadic cases of listeriosis) is of public health concern and that local isolates might have potentials for human food borne listeriosis based on the virulence factors so far identified.
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Dhama K, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Shabbir MZ, Barbuddhe S, Malik SVS, Singh RK. Listeriosis in animals, its public health significance (food-borne zoonosis) and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2015; 35:211-35. [PMID: 26073265 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2015.1063023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is an infectious and fatal disease of animals, birds, fish, crustaceans and humans. It is an important food-borne zoonosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular pathogen with unique potential to spread from cell to cell, thereby crossing blood-brain, intestinal and placental barriers. The organism possesses a pile of virulence factors that help to infect the host and evade from host immune machinery. Though disease occurrence is sporadic throughout the world, it can result in severe damage during an outbreak. Listeriosis is characterized by septicaemia, encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, abortion, stillbirth, perinatal infections and gastroenteritis with the incubation period varying with the form of infection. L. monocytogenes has been isolated worldwide from humans, animals, poultry, environmental sources like soil, river, decaying plants, and food sources like milk, meat and their products, seafood and vegetables. Since appropriate vaccines are not available and infection is mainly transmitted through foods in humans and animals, hygienic practices can prevent its spread. The present review describes etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, pathogenesis, public health significance, and advances in diagnosis, vaccines and treatment of this disease. Special attention has been given to novel as well as prospective emerging therapies that include bacteriophage and cytokine therapy, avian egg yolk antibodies and herbal therapy. Various vaccines, including advances in recombinant and DNA vaccines and their modes of eliciting immune response, are also discussed. Due focus has also been given regarding appropriate prevention and control strategies to be adapted for better management of this zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- a Division of Pathology , Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- b Division of Bacteriology and Mycology , Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- c Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology , College of Veterinary Sciences , Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura 281001 , India
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- d Quality Operations Laboratory , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Sukhadeo Barbuddhe
- e Indian Council of Agricultural Research Complex for Goa , Old Goa, Goa 403402, India
| | - Satya Veer Singh Malik
- f Division of Veterinary Public Health , Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- g Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
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Al-Nabulsi AA, Osaili TM, Awad AA, Olaimat AN, Shaker RR, Holley RA. Occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility ofListeria monocytogenesisolated from raw and processed meat products in Amman, Jordan. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2014.982191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Identification of Listeria monocytogenesVirulence Factors in Women With Abortion by Polymerase Chain Reaction. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.19931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Osman KM, Zolnikov TR, Samir A, Orabi A. Prevalence, pathogenic capability, virulence genes, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance of Listeria in goat and sheep milk confirms need of hygienic milking conditions. Pathog Glob Health 2014; 108:21-9. [PMID: 24548157 PMCID: PMC4083164 DOI: 10.1179/2047773213y.0000000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat and sheep milk is consumed by human populations throughout the world; as a result, it has been proposed as an alternative, nutrient-rich milk to feed infants allergic to cow's milk. Unfortunately, potentially harmful bacteria have not been thoroughly tested in goat or sheep milk. Listeria monocytogenes is a harmful bacterium that causes adverse health effects if ingested by humans. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and characterize the phenotype, genotype, virulence factors, biofilm formation, and antibiopotential of Listeria isolated from the milk of goat and sheep. Udder milk samples were collected from 107 goats and 102 sheep and screened for mastitis using the California mastitis test (CMT). Samples were then examined for the presence of pathogenic Listeria spp; if detected, the isolation of pathogenic Listeria (L. monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii) was completed using isolation and identification techniques recommended by the International Organization for Standards (ISO 11290-1, 1996), in addition to serological, in vitro and in vivo pathogenicity tests. The isolates were subjected to PCR assay for virulence associated genes (hlyA, plcA, actA, and iap). Pathogenic Listeria spp. were isolated from 5·6% of goat and 3·9% sheep milk samples, with 33·3 and 25% of these selected samples respectively containing L. monocytogenes. The results of this study provide evidence of the low-likelihood of contamination leading to the presence of L. monocytogenes in raw goat and sheep milk; however, this study also confirmed a strong in vitro ability for biofilm formation and pathogenic capability of L. monocytogenes if discovered in the milk. L. monocytogenes may be present in goat and sheep milk and in order to reduce the exposure, hygienic milking conditions must be employed for the milk to be considered a safe alternative for human consumption.
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Shoukat S, Malik SVS, Rawool DB, Kumar A, Kumar S, Shrivastava S, Barbuddhe SB, Das DP, Das S. A Study on Detection of Pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes in Ovine’s of Kashmir Region Having Abortion or History of Abortion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-013-0228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Das S, Lalitha KV, Thampuran N, Surendran PK. Isolation and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from tropical seafood of Kerala, India. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Thapa SP, Han AR, Cho JM, Hur JH. Multiplex PCR and DNA array for the detection of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp. targeting virulence-related genes. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Kalekar S, Rodrigues J, D'Costa D, Doijad S, Ashok Kumar J, Malik SVS, Kalorey DR, Rawool DB, Hain T, Chakraborty T, Barbuddhe SB. Genotypic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from humans in India. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2011; 105:351-8. [PMID: 21929876 DOI: 10.1179/1364859411y.0000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen associated with severe diseases in humans and animals. The genotypic analysis of 17 L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from humans in India during 2006-2009 using multiplex serotyping PCR allowing serovar predictions, conventional serology and by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is presented. The isolates were recovered from patients exhibiting various clinical conditions. A multiplex-PCR based serotyping assay revealed 88·24% (15/17) of the strains belonging to the serovar group 4b, 4d, 4e and 11·76% (2/17) to the serovar group 1/2b, 3b. Conventional serology indicated that 13 (76·47%) L. monocytogenes isolates to be of serotype 4b, 2 (11·76%) serotype 4d, and 2 (11·76%) serotype 1/2b. Ten ApaI and nine AscI pulsotypes were recognized among the 17 human isolates. PFGE analysis allowed discrimination among isolates of the same serotype and among isolates from the same sampling areas or those isolated from different areas. Thus, PFGE together with multiplex-PCR serotyping allows rapid discrimination of L. monocytogenes strains. In addition, the predominance of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b is of concern, as this serotype has been most frequently associated with human listeriosis outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalekar
- ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Ela, Old Goa, India
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Barbuddhe SB, Malik SVS, Kumar JA, Kalorey DR, Chakraborty T. Epidemiology and risk management of listeriosis in India. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 154:113-8. [PMID: 21955732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause serious invasive illness, mainly in certain well-defined high-risk groups, including elderly and immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, newborns and infants. In India, this pathogen has been isolated from humans, animals and foods. The incidence of Listeria is generally comparable to those reported elsewhere in the world. In humans, maternal/neonatal listeriosis is the most common clinical form reported. Among animal populations, spontaneous abortions, subclinical mastitis, meningoencephalitis and endometritis were the commonest forms reported. The disease largely remains undiagnosed and under reported. From reported analyses of a variety of foods for Listeria, milk and milk products, meat and meat products, seafood and vegetables have been reported to be contaminated in India. The legal framework for microbiological safety of foods against microbes including L. monocytogenes is summarised. The epidemiological studies would help in understanding of the sources of infection and persistence and their risk assessment, routes of transmission, clinical forms and allow for better management of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Barbuddhe
- ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Ela, Old Goa 403402, India.
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Evaluation of handwashing behaviors and analysis of hand flora of intensive care unit nurses. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2011; 5:99-107. [PMID: 25030259 DOI: 10.1016/s1976-1317(11)60018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the handwashing behaviors of intensive care nurses based on personal statements, and to identify the microorganisms represented in the hand flora preshift and postshift. METHODS This prospective study was performed with 60 intensive care nurses between January and December 2008, at a training and research hospital at a university in Turkey. Samples were taken from the hands of the nurses for bacteriological culture, using the bag-broth method, at the beginning and end of the shift. The samples were cultured aerobically and the colonies that grew were counted and identified. The nurses completed a self-report questionnaire, and their answers were evaluated. RESULTS The frequency of handwashing by participants during each shift was 32.8±13.9. Overall, 65% of the nurses preferred alcohol-based antiseptic solutions for handwashing, 95% used paper towels to dry their hands, and 98.3-100% of the nurses washed their hands after performing care procedures. The Escherichia coli and coagulase negative Staphylococcus species were found to be at significantly higher levels in the postshift hand culture samples when compared to the preshift hand culture sample values. Enterobacter cloacae was the only species found in the postshift hand culture samples of the nurses. CONCLUSIONS The number of colonies of the microorganisms in the hand flora of the nurses increased postshift. The handwashing behavior of intensive care nurses must be improved as they nurse critical patients.
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Osaili TM, Alaboudi AR, Nesiar EA. Prevalence of Listeria spp. and antibiotic susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw chicken and ready-to-eat chicken products in Jordan. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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ZHANG DANDAN, ZHANG LIDA, WANG DAPENG, SUO BIAO, SHI XIANMING. A PCR METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES BASED ON A NOVEL TARGET SEQUENCE IDENTIFIED BY COMPARATIVE GENOMIC ANALYSIS. J Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mohammed HO, Stipetic K, McDonough PL, Gonzalez RN, Nydam DV, Atwill ER. Identification of potential on-farm sources of Listeria monocytogenes in herds of dairy cattle. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:383-8. [PMID: 19254151 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.3.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the ecology of Listeria monocytogenes on dairy cattle farms by determining the prevalence of the organism in various samples. SAMPLE POPULATION Dairy cattle operations in central New York State. PROCEDURES A repeated cross-sectional study design was used. Various samples were obtained from cattle (feces, composite udder milk, and udders), their environment (silage, feed bunks, water troughs, and floor bedding), inline milk filters, and bulk tank milk from 50 dairy farms. Samples were tested for L monocytogenes by use of a PCR assay with 2 steps of bacterial enrichment. Data were analyzed with mixed-effect logistic regression to control for the potential clustering of L monocytogenes on particular farms. RESULTS L monocytogenes was detected in composite milk, udder swab samples, and fecal samples at prevalences of 13%, 19%, and 43%, respectively. There was no significant clustering of the pathogen by farm. Listeria monocytogenes was more common in samples obtained from cattle and the environment during winter and summer versus the fall. The prevalence of L monocytogenes was twice as high in samples obtained from feed bunks, water troughs, and bedding, compared with that in samples obtained from silage (65%, 66%, 55%, and 30%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE L monocytogenes was more prevalent in samples obtained from dairy cattle and their environment than in milk samples. Strategies to control the pathogen in dairy operations should focus on cow hygiene and sanitary milk harvesting on the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussni O Mohammed
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Yadav MM, Roy A. Prevalence of Listeria spp including Listeria monocytogenes from apparently healthy sheep of Gujarat State, India. Zoonoses Public Health 2009; 56:515-24. [PMID: 19243567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1002 samples comprising blood (n = 248), faecal swabs (n = 248), nasal swabs (n = 248) and deep vaginal swabs (n = 248) collected from the 248 sheep and 10 environmental samples of 10 sheep flocks were examined for the presence of pathogenic Listeria spp. Confirmation of the isolates was based on biochemical tests followed by phenotypic characterization by haemolysis on sheep blood agar, Christie Atkins Munch-Petersen (CAMP) test phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) assay and phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) assay. The isolates were subjected to genotypic characterization with the help of PCR assay for five virulence-associated genes, plcA, prfA, hlyA, actA and iap. The L. monocytogenes isolates were further subjected for multiplex-PCR-based serotyping. From 1002 samples screened, 16 (1.60%) were found positive for Listeria spp. Of these, seven samples (0.7%) were confirmed as L. monocytogenes and nine (0.9%) as L. innocua. All the seven isolates of L. monocytogenes were haemolytic, CAMP-positive, PI-PLC-positive, hlyA, pclA and prfA-positive by PCR, while only four isolates turned out to be PC-PLC-positive (opaque zone surrounding the growth). All the seven isolates of L. monocytogenes were serotyped as 4b. In conclusion, the PI-PLC assay and the virulence genes targeted PCR (plcA, prfA and hlyA plcA, prfA and actA genes for L. monocytogenes) hold a promise for rapid and reliable in vitro alternatives to in vivo pathogenicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand 388 001, Gujarat, India.
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Stress- and growth rate-related differences between plate count and real-time PCR data during growth of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:2132-8. [PMID: 19181831 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01796-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the overestimation of bacterial cell counts in real-time PCR in relation to stress and growth phase, four different strains of L. monocytogenes were exposed to combinations of osmotic stress (0.5 to 8% [vol/vol] NaCl) and acid stress (pH 5 to 7) in a culture model at a growth temperature of 10 degrees C or were grown under optimal conditions. Growth curves obtained from real-time PCR, optical density, and viable count data were compared. As expected, optical density data revealed entirely different growth curves. Good to moderate growth conditions yielded good correlation of real-time PCR data and plate count data (r(2) = 0.96 and 0.99) with similar cell counts. When growth conditions became worse, the numbers of CFU decreased during the stationary phase, whereas real-time-PCR-derived bacterial cell equivalents differed in this regard; the correlation worsened (r(2) = 0.84). However, fitted growth curves revealed that maximum growth rates calculated from real-time PCR data were not significantly different from those derived from plate count data. The overestimation of bacterial cell counts by real-time PCR observed in the stationary phase under higher-stress conditions might be explained by the accumulation of viable but nonculturable bacteria or dead bacteria and extracellular DNA. Considering these results, real-time PCR data collected from naturally contaminated samples should be viewed with caution.
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Zhao Y, Ye M, Chao Q, Jia N, Ge Y, Shen H. Simultaneous detection of multifood-borne pathogenic bacteria based on functionalized quantum dots coupled with immunomagnetic separation in food samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:517-524. [PMID: 19154162 DOI: 10.1021/jf802817y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a method that simultaneously detects three food-borne pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli O157:H7, via an approach that combines magnetic microparticles for the enrichment and antibody-conjugated semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescence markers. Using the water-in-oil reverse microemulsions method, the gamma-Fe(2)O(3) magnetic nanoparticles were coated with silica to empower the particles with high dispersibility and broad compatibility to biomacromolecules. The magnetic beads were then modified with amino silane, which could immobilize antibodies by glutaraldehyde treatment. The immunized magnetic beads and pathogenic bacteria formed "bead-cell" complexes in the enrichment procedure. QDs with different emission wavelengths (620, 560, and 520 nm) were immobilized with anti-S. typhimurium antibody, anti-S. flexneri antibody, and anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibody, respectively. Fluorescence microscope images and the fluorescence intensity of QDs labeled "sandwich" complexes (conjungated with antibodies against S. typhimurium, S. flexneri, and E. coli O157:H7, respectively) demonstrated that antibody-conjugated QDs could attach to the surface of bacterial cells selectively and specifically. In our method, we could detect food-borne pathogen bacteria in a food matrix at 10(-3) cfu/mL. We determined that a high concentration of proteins in food matrix would decrease the sensitivity of this method. This method, of which the detection procedures are completed within 2 h, can be applied to the rapid and cost-effective monitoring of bacterial contamination in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Life and Environment Science College, Shanghai Normal University, People's Republic of China
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Molecular ecology of Listeria monocytogenes: evidence for a reservoir in milking equipment on a dairy farm. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 75:1315-23. [PMID: 19114514 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01826-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal study aimed to detect Listeria monocytogenes on a New York State dairy farm was conducted between February 2004 and July 2007. Fecal samples were collected every 6 months from all lactating cows. Approximately 20 environmental samples were obtained every 3 months. Bulk tank milk samples and in-line milk filter samples were obtained weekly. Samples from milking equipment and the milking parlor environment were obtained in May 2007. Fifty-one of 715 fecal samples (7.1%) and 22 of 303 environmental samples (7.3%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. A total of 73 of 108 in-line milk filter samples (67.6%) and 34 of 172 bulk tank milk samples (19.7%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 6 of 40 (15%) sampling sites in the milking parlor and milking equipment. In-line milk filter samples had a greater proportion of L. monocytogenes than did bulk tank milk samples (P<0.05) and samples from other sources (P<0.05). The proportion of L. monocytogenes-positive samples was greater among bulk tank milk samples than among fecal or environmental samples (P<0.05). Analysis of 60 isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) yielded 23 PFGE types after digestion with AscI and ApaI endonucleases. Three PFGE types of L. monocytogenes were repeatedly found in longitudinally collected samples from bulk tank milk and in-line milk filters.
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Aurora R, Prakash A, Prakash S, Rawool D, Barbuddhe S. Comparison of PI-PLC based assays and PCR along with in vivo pathogenicity tests for rapid detection of pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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