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Dubey S, Ager-Wick E, Peng B, Evensen Ø, Sørum H, Munang’andu HM. Characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes of Aeromonas media strain SD/21-15 from marine sediments in comparison with other Aeromonas spp. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1022639. [PMID: 36532448 PMCID: PMC9752117 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1022639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas media is a Gram-negative bacterium ubiquitously found in aquatic environments. It is a foodborne pathogen associated with diarrhea in humans and skin ulceration in fish. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing to profile all antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes found in A. media strain SD/21-15 isolated from marine sediments in Denmark. To gain a better understanding of virulence and AMR genes found in several A. media strains, we included 24 whole genomes retrieved from the public databanks whose isolates originate from different host species and environmental samples from Asia, Europe, and North America. We also compared the virulence genes of strain SD/21-15 with A. hydrophila, A. veronii, and A. salmonicida reference strains. We detected Msh pili, tap IV pili, and lateral flagella genes responsible for expression of motility and adherence proteins in all isolates. We also found hylA, hylIII, and TSH hemolysin genes in all isolates responsible for virulence in all isolates while the aerA gene was not detected in all A. media isolates but was present in A. hydrophila, A. veronii, and A. salmonicida reference strains. In addition, we detected LuxS and mshA-Q responsible for quorum sensing and biofilm formation as well as the ferric uptake regulator (Fur), heme and siderophore genes responsible for iron acquisition in all A. media isolates. As for the secretory systems, we found all genes that form the T2SS in all isolates while only the vgrG1, vrgG3, hcp, and ats genes that form parts of the T6SS were detected in some isolates. Presence of bla MOX-9 and bla OXA-427 β-lactamases as well as crp and mcr genes in all isolates is suggestive that these genes were intrinsically encoded in the genomes of all A. media isolates. Finally, the presence of various transposases, integrases, recombinases, virulence, and AMR genes in the plasmids examined in this study is suggestive that A. media has the potential to transfer virulence and AMR genes to other bacteria. Overall, we anticipate these data will pave way for further studies on virulence mechanisms and the role of A. media in the spread of AMR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dubey
- Section for Experimental Biomedicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Eirill Ager-Wick
- Section for Experimental Biomedicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu
- Section for Experimental Biomedicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Aeromonas: the multifaceted middleman in the One Health world. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 65:24-32. [PMID: 34717260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas is at the interface of all the One Health components and represents an amazingly sound test case in the One Health approach, from economic loss in aquaculture tochallenges related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected from the environment. In human health, infections following leech therapy is an outstanding example of such One Health challenges. Aeromonads are not only ubiquitous environmental bacteria, able to rapidly colonize and cause opportunistic infections in humans and animals, they are also capable of promoting interactions and gene exchanges between the One Health components. This makes this genus a key amplifier of genetic transfer, especially of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Ling XD, Dong WT, Zhang Y, Qian X, Zhang WD, He WH, Zhao XX, Liu JX. Comparative transcriptomics and histopathological analysis of crucian carp infection by atypical Aeromonas salmonicida. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:294-307. [PMID: 31491530 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is a ubiquitous fish pathogen known to cause furunculosis. With the emergence of new subtypes and the expansion of the host range, it has threatened the health of a variety of marine and freshwater fish, particularly the non-salmonids, manifesting differently from the classical furunculosis. Although there have been reports of infection by atypical strains on the crucian carp, the pathogenesis and tissue pathology remain unclear. In this study, transcriptomics and histopathology were used to analyze the immune response and lesions of crucian carp infected with A. salmonicida. Comparative analysis showed 6579 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (3428 down-regulated and 3151 up-regulated) were identified on day 5 post-infection (5 dpi). Further annotation and analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in enzyme regulator activity, response to oxidative stress, iron ion homeostasis and other functions, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), toll-like receptor (TLR), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) etc., and immune-related signaling pathways. Meanwhile, the four C-type lysozyme genes found in all DEGs were significantly up-regulated after infection. In addition, there was severe bleeding on the body of the infected fish. Also, the intestine, liver, spleen, and kidney showed varying degrees of inflammatory damage, especially the goblet cell hyperplasia of intestinal mucosa epithelium and degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular epithelium cells. Additionally, with the increase in pathogen concentration, the cumulative mortality increased, the severity of lesions in the hindgut and head-kidney tissues increased. The relative expression levels of four immune-related genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-11, C-lysozyme) were also significantly upregulated, compared with the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study provides a scientific basis for further study on the immune response, pathological diagnosis, and prevention of crucian carp infection caused by atypical A. salmonicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Ling
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wei-Tao Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xu Qian
- Animal Husbandry and Fishery Technology Promotion Center of Yuzhong, Yuzhong, 730100, China
| | - Wang-Dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wan-Hong He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xing-Xu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Ji-Xing Liu
- Product R & D, Lanzhou Weitesen Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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Reyes-Rodríguez NE, Salgado-Miranda C, Flores-Valle IT, González-Gómez M, Soriano-Vargas E, Peláez-Acero A, Vega-Sánchez V. Molecular Identification and Virulence Potential of the Genus Aeromonas Isolated from Wild Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Mexico. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1706-1713. [PMID: 31536418 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The members of the Aeromonas genus are important foodborne pathogens, with a worldwide distribution. Wild rainbow trout, from the national protected area Santuario del Agua State Park, Corral de Piedra, were analyzed. Species of Aeromonas were isolated from the trout, and their pathogenic potential was analyzed based on different pathogenicity and virulence factors. The isolates were identified as A. allosaccharophila (n = 15), A. sobria (n = 8), A. veronii (n = 3), A. rivipollensis (n = 2), A. piscicola (n = 2), and A. popoffii (n = 1), by RNA polymerase sigma factor (rpoD) gene sequencing. Sequence similarity with the type strain was 92.2 to 99.6% for A. sobria isolates, 97.8 to 98.0% for A. allosaccharophila isolates, 99.2% for the A. popoffii isolate, 99.2 to 100% for A. piscicola isolates, and 98.2 to 99.2% for A. veronii isolates. Notably, isolates A30T2-gills and A30T2-spleen showed sequence similarity of 98.0% with strain A. media CECT 4232T and 99.0% with strain A. rivipollensis P2G1T. Virulence genes were detected by PCR at the following frequencies: fla and serine protease, 96.77%; aerA, 93.54%; aexT, 87.09%; lipases, 74.19%; ascV and ahyB, 67.74%; exu, 61.29%; act, 41.93%; ascF-G, 38.70%; lafA, 32.26%; alt, 6.46%; aopP, 9.67%; and ast, 3.23%. These results indicate that several Aeromonas species had the potential pathogenicity to infect wild rainbow trout in the waterway created by the Corral de Piedra dam, suggesting they could be an emerging zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nydia E Reyes-Rodríguez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Hidalgo 43600, México (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-8677 [V.V.-S.])
| | - Celene Salgado-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50200, México
| | - Izanami T Flores-Valle
- Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Valle de Toluca, Toluca 50904, México
| | - Maricruz González-Gómez
- Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Valle de Toluca, Toluca 50904, México
| | - Edgardo Soriano-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50200, México
| | - Armando Peláez-Acero
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Hidalgo 43600, México (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-8677 [V.V.-S.])
| | - Vicente Vega-Sánchez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Hidalgo 43600, México (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-8677 [V.V.-S.])
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Gonçalves Pessoa RB, de Oliveira WF, Marques DSC, Dos Santos Correia MT, de Carvalho EVMM, Coelho LCBB. The genus Aeromonas: A general approach. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:81-94. [PMID: 30849490 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas comprises more than thirty Gram-negative bacterial species which mostly act as opportunistic microorganisms. These bacteria are distributed naturally in diverse aquatic ecosystems, where they are easily isolated from animals such as fish and crustaceans. A capacity for adaptation also makes Aeromonas able to colonize terrestrial environments and their inhabitants, so these microorganisms can be identified from different sources, such as soils, plants, fruits, vegetables, birds, reptiles, amphibians, among others. Infectious processes usually develop in immunocompromised humans; in fish and other marine animals this process occurs under conditions of stress. Such events are most often associated with incorrect practices in aquaculture. Aeromonas has element diverse ranges, denominated virulence factors, which promote adhesion, colonization and invasion into host cells. These virulence factors, such as membrane components, enzymes and toxins, for example, are differentially expressed among species, making some strains more virulent than others. Due to their diversity, no single virulence factor was considered determinant in the infectious process generated by these microorganisms. Unlike other genera, Aeromonas species are erroneously differentiated by conventional biochemical tests. Therefore, molecular assays are necessary for this purpose. Nevertheless, new means of identification have been considered in order to generate methods that, like molecular tests, can correctly identify these microorganisms. The main objectives of this review are to explain environmental and structural characteristics of the Aeromonas genus and to discuss virulence mechanisms that these bacteria use to infect aquatic organisms and humans, which are important aspects for aquaculture and public health, respectively. In addition, this review aims to clarify new tests for the precise identification of the species of Aeromonas, contributing to the exact and specific diagnosis of infections by these microorganisms and consequently the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bastos Gonçalves Pessoa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Weslley Felix de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diego Santa Clara Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Elba Verônica Matoso Maciel de Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Navarro A, Martínez-Murcia A. Phylogenetic analyses of the genusAeromonasbased on housekeeping gene sequencing and its influence on systematics. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:622-631. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Navarro
- Genetic Analysis Strategies S.L.; CEEI; Elche, Alicante Spain
| | - A. Martínez-Murcia
- Genetic Analysis Strategies S.L.; CEEI; Elche, Alicante Spain
- Area de Microbiología; EPSO; Universidad Miguel Hernández; Orihuela, Alicante Spain
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Tavares AB, Cereser ND, Timm CD. Ocorrência de Aeromonas spp. em alimentos de origem animal e sua importância em saúde pública. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000662013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. são bactérias Gram negativas, opor-tunistas, de natureza ubíqua, isoladas principalmente de amostras de água. Até o presente momento foram reconhecidas 31 espé-cies, sendo as de maior importância médica Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae e Aeromonas veronii. A patogenicidade do gênero é considerada multifatorial, sendo este produtor de diversos tipos de toxinas e com envolvimento de outros fatores capazes de facilitar a penetração e o estabelecimento do agente no hospedeiro, causando doença. O objetivo desta revisão é elucidar o papel dos alimentos de origem animal como fontes de contaminação de bactérias do gênero Aeromonas para o ser humano. Isolamentos de aeromonas de diversos produtos de origem animal têm sido relatados, como carne, leite e seus derivados, além de frutos do mar, e em ambientes de processamento, como abatedouros, frigorífcos e laticínios. Tem-se buscado determinar fontes de contaminação dos alimentos, e a água foi definida como o principal disseminador. Aeromonas já foi defnida como sendo a causadora de diversas enfermidades, desde afecções gastrointestinais até casos de meningite e morte. Considerando os alimentos de origem animal como importantes veículos de transmissão para o ser humano e o reconhecimento da água como fonte de disseminação do agente, torna-se imprescindível o tratamento adequado da água utilizada nos estabelecimentos processadores de alimentos para a segurança alimentar.
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New and Emerging Bacterial Food Pathogens. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800245-2.00014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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Jagoda SSSDS, Wijewardana TG, Arulkanthan A, Igarashi Y, Tan E, Kinoshita S, Watabe S, Asakawa S. Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of motile aeromonads isolated from freshwater ornamental fish showing signs of septicaemia. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 109:127-137. [PMID: 24991740 DOI: 10.3354/dao02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 74 phenotypically identified presumptive motile Aeromonas isolates recovered from septicaemic freshwater ornamental fish in Sri Lanka were genetically characterized by sequencing of rpoD and gyrB genes. rpoD/gyrB phylogeny confirmed only 53 isolates as Aeromonas, among which A. veronii was the predominant species (79.2%), followed by A. hydrophila (7.5%), A. caviae (5.7%), A. jandaei (1.9%), A. dhakensis (3.8%) and A. entero pelogenes (1.9%). The aeromonads confirmed by sequencing were further subjected to 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP which substantiated sequencing results for 83% of isolates. Fingerprinting of A. enteropelogenes (n = 42) using ERIC-PCR revealed no dominant clones, and the majority were genetically distinct. All isolates were screened by PCR for 7 virulence determinant genes (aer, act, ast, alt, fla, ser, exu) and 2 integrase encoding genes (intI1, intI2). Each isolate contained ≥3 of the virulence genes tested for, with a heterogeneous distribution. Of the isolates, 77% harboured the intI1 gene, while none had intI2. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed highest resistances towards tetracycline (58.5%) and erythromycin (54.7%). Our results indicate the diverse range of aeromonads that could potentially be associated with motile aeromonad septicaemia in ornamental fish. This is the first isolation of A. dhakensis from a septicaemic ornamental fish since its original description from the same host.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S S de S Jagoda
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Hussain IA, Jeyasekaran G, Shakila RJ, Raj KT, Jeevithan E. Detection of hemolytic strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and A . sobria along with other Aeromonas spp. from fish and fishery products by multiplex PCR. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013; 51:401-7. [PMID: 24493904 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hemolytic strains of Aeromonas spp. from fish and fishery products were detected by multiplex PCR. The selected primers for the amplification of segments of ahh1, asa1 and 16S rRNA gene yielded products with the size of 130 bp, 249 bp and 356 bp, respectively. This assay was found to be highly sensitive, as it could detect 7 and 9 cells of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria with a detection limit of 1 pg of pure genomic DNA. The assay, when screened for 73 commercial fish and fishery product samples consisting of freshwater, marine fish and shellfish, showed 56 % positive for Aeromonas spp., 16 % for Aeromonas hydrophila and 13 % for A. sobria. This assay provides specific and reliable results and can be a powerful tool for the simultaneous detection of hemolytic strains of A. hydrophila A. sobria and other Aeromonas spp. from fish and fishery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Hussain
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fish Quality Monitoring and Certification Centre, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008 India
| | - G Jeyasekaran
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fish Quality Monitoring and Certification Centre, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008 India
| | - R Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fish Quality Monitoring and Certification Centre, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008 India
| | - K T Raj
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fish Quality Monitoring and Certification Centre, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008 India
| | - E Jeevithan
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fish Quality Monitoring and Certification Centre, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008 India
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Yi SW, You MJ, Cho HS, Lee CS, Kwon JK, Shin GW. Molecular characterization of Aeromonas species isolated from farmed eels (Anguilla japonica). Vet Microbiol 2013; 164:195-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Carvalho MJ, Martínez-Murcia A, Esteves AC, Correia A, Saavedra MJ. Phylogenetic diversity, antibiotic resistance and virulence traits of Aeromonas spp. from untreated waters for human consumption. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 159:230-9. [PMID: 23107502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that water constitutes an important contamination route for microorganisms. This is especially true for Aeromonas which are widespread in untreated and treated waters. In this study, Portuguese untreated waters not regularly monitored were screened for the presence and diversity of aeromonads. A total of 206 isolates were discriminated by RAPD-PCR and 80 distinct strains were identified by gyrB based phylogenetic analysis. The most frequently detected species were Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas bestiarum and Aeromonas media. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of these strains was determined and showed a typical profile of the genus. Nonetheless, the percentage of resistant strains to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and/or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was lower than that reported for clinical isolates and isolates recovered from aquacultures and other environments historically subjected to antibiotic contamination. This suggests that the existence of such pressures in those environments selects for resistant Aeromonas. A similar trend for integron presence was found. Genes coding for CphA and TEM, and tet(A), (E), (C) or (D) genes were found in 28%, 1%, and 10% of the strains, respectively. 10% of the strains contained an integron. Variable regions of seven class 1 integrons and one class 2 integron were characterised. Furthermore, strains displayed virulence related phenotypes such as extracellular lipolytic and proteolytic activities as well as aerolysin related genes (43% of strains). The ascV and aexT genes were found in 16% and 3% of strains respectively and, in some cases, concomitantly in the same specimen. This study shows that diverse Aeromonas spp. presenting distinct antibiotic resistance features and putative virulence traits are frequently present in waters for human and animal consumption in Portugal. Genes associated to antibiotic resistance and microbial virulence previously identified in organisms with human health significance were detected in these aeromonads, suggesting that these waters may act as a pivotal route for infections.
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Fontes M, Martins C, Martínez-Murcia A, Saavedra M. Phylogenetic Diversity ofAeromonasfrom “Alheira,” a Traditional Portuguese Meat Product. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:713-8. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Fontes
- Center of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - C. Martins
- Center of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - A.J. Martínez-Murcia
- Departament of Plant Production and Microbiology, University of Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - M.J. Saavedra
- Center of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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