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Rodrigues VC, Santos ARD, Bona E, Freitas CF, Silva JVDO, Malacarne LC, Machinski Junior M, Abreu Filho BAD, Mikcha JMG. Optimization of the Erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy against Escherichia coli using response surface methodology. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103916. [PMID: 38042237 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) depends on the combination of light and a photosensitizer for inactivation of microorganisms. However, finding the ideal conditions for the factors involved in this technique is time and cost-consuming. The rotational composite central design (RCCD) is a tool that can be allied with PDT to achieve precise results within a shorter working time. METHODS This study used the response surface methodology to optimize the parameters of PDT mediated by Erythrosine (ERY) and green light-emitting diodes (LED) in different Escherichia coli strains by applying RCCD. RESULTS The RCCD predicted optimum values of ERY and light exposure on PDT. According to the experimental results, the light exposure time showed the most significant influence on the inactivation of the evaluated bacteria. The optimized operating conditions were validated in laboratory tests, and no viable cells were recovered with ERY at 116 µmol L-1 and 30 min of light (33.34 J cm2) for E. coli ATCC 25922, 108 µmol L-1 and 40 min (44.38 J cm2) for E. coli ATCC 35218, and 108 µmol L-1 and 29.3 min (32.5 J cm2) for E. coli O157:H7 EDL 933. CONCLUSION The adjusted polynomial models provided accurate information on the combined effects of ERY and lighting time with green LED on PDT. The application of the RCCD, in addition to reducing the number of experiments, also allows for increased quantity and quality of the results. Therefore, surface response methodology combined with PDT is a promising approach to inactivate E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Carvalho Rodrigues
- Postgraduate program of Food Science, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790 - Jd. Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Evandro Bona
- Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology, Federal Technology University, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Chemistry, Federal Technology University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Fabiano Freitas
- Departament of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Miguel Machinski Junior
- Postgraduate program of Food Science, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790 - Jd. Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Benicio Alves de Abreu Filho
- Postgraduate program of Food Science, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790 - Jd. Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jane Martha Graton Mikcha
- Postgraduate program of Food Science, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790 - Jd. Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Xu J, Zhao N, Meng X, Li J, Zhang T, Xu R, Wei X, Fan M. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiling Uncovers Response Mechanisms of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris DSM 3922 T to Acid Stress. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0002223. [PMID: 37318333 PMCID: PMC10434157 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00022-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, which has strong acidophilic and heat-resistant properties, can cause spoilage of pasteurized acidic juice. The current study determined the physiological performance of A. acidoterrestris under acidic stress (pH 3.0) for 1 h. Metabolomic analysis was carried out to investigate the metabolic responses of A. acidoterrestris to acid stress, and integrative analysis with transcriptome data was also performed. Acid stress inhibited the growth of A. acidoterrestris and altered its metabolic profiles. In total, 63 differential metabolites, mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and energy metabolism, were identified between acid-stressed cells and the control. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that A. acidoterrestris maintains intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis by enhancing amino acids decarboxylation, urea hydrolysis, and energy supply, which was verified using real-time quantitative PCR and pHi measurement. Additionally, two-component systems, ABC transporters, and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis also play crucial roles in resisting acid stress. Finally, a model of the responses of A. acidoterrestris to acid stress was proposed. IMPORTANCE Fruit juice spoilage caused by A. acidoterrestris contamination has become a major concern and challenge in the food industry, and this bacterium has been suggested as a target microbe in the design of the pasteurization process. However, the response mechanisms of A. acidoterrestris to acid stress still remain unknown. In this study, integrative transcriptomic, metabolomic, and physiological approaches were used to uncover the global responses of A. acidoterrestris to acid stress for the first time. The obtained results can provide new insights into the acid stress responses of A. acidoterrestris, which will point out future possible directions for the effective control and application of A. acidoterrestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Food Engineering, Luohe Vocational College of Food, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruoyun Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyuan Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingtao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Food Engineering, Luohe Vocational College of Food, Luohe, Henan, China
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3
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Xu J, Zhao N, Meng X, Zhang T, Li J, Dong H, Wei X, Fan M. Contribution of amino acids to Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris DSM 3922T resistance towards acid stress. Food Microbiol 2023; 113:104273. [PMID: 37098432 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Spoilage of juice and beverages by a thermo-acidophilic bacterium, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, has been considered to be a major and widespread concern for juice industry. Acid-resistant property of A. acidoterrestris supports its survival and multiplication in acidic juice and challenges the development of corresponding control measures. In this study, intracellular amino acid differences caused by acid stress (pH 3.0, 1 h) were determined by targeted metabolomics. The effect of exogenous amino acids on acid resistance of A. acidoterrestris and the related mechanisms were also investigated. The results showed that acid stress affected the amino acid metabolism of A. acidoterrestris, and the selected glutamate, arginine, and lysine contributed to its survival under acid stress. Exogenous glutamate, arginine, and lysine significantly increased the intracellular pH and ATP level, alleviated cell membrane damage, reduced surface roughness, and suppressed deformation caused by acid stress. Additionally, the up-regulated gadA and speA genes and the enhanced enzymatic activity confirmed that glutamate and arginine decarboxylase systems played a crucial role in maintaining pH homeostasis of A. acidoterrestris under acid stress. Our research reveals an important factor contributing to acid resistance of A. acidoterrestris, which provides an alternative target for effectively controlling this contaminant in fruit juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuemei Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huayu Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinyuan Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingtao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Sarabando SN, Dias CJ, Vieira C, Bartolomeu M, Neves MGPMS, Almeida A, Monteiro CJP, Faustino MAF. Sulfonamide Porphyrins as Potent Photosensitizers against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): The Role of Co-Adjuvants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052067. [PMID: 36903314 PMCID: PMC10004250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfonamides are a conventional class of antibiotics that are well-suited to combat infections. However, their overuse leads to antimicrobial resistance. Porphyrins and analogs have demonstrated excellent photosensitizing properties and have been used as antimicrobial agents to photoinactivate microorganisms, including multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. It is well recognized that the combination of different therapeutic agents might improve the biological outcome. In this present work, a novel meso-arylporphyrin and its Zn(II) complex functionalized with sulfonamide groups were synthesized and characterized and the antibacterial activity towards MRSA with and without the presence of the adjuvant KI was evaluated. For comparison, the studies were also extended to the corresponding sulfonated porphyrin TPP(SO3H)4. Photodynamic studies revealed that all porphyrin derivatives were effective in photoinactivating MRSA (>99.9% of reduction) at a concentration of 5.0 μM upon white light radiation with an irradiance of 25 mW cm-2 and a total light dose of 15 J cm-2. The combination of the porphyrin photosensitizers with the co-adjuvant KI during the photodynamic treatment proved to be very promising allowing a significant reduction in the treatment time and photosensitizer concentration by six times and at least five times, respectively. The combined effect observed for TPP(SO2NHEt)4 and ZnTPP(SO2NHEt)4 with KI seems to be due to the formation of reactive iodine radicals. In the photodynamic studies with TPP(SO3H)4 plus KI, the cooperative action was mainly due to the formation of free iodine (I2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia N. Sarabando
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cristina J. Dias
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Vieira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Bartolomeu
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos J. P. Monteiro
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.J.P.M.); (M.A.F.F.)
| | - Maria Amparo F. Faustino
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.J.P.M.); (M.A.F.F.)
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Lee IH, Cho ER, Kang DH. The effect of quercetin mediated photodynamic inactivation on apple juice properties at different temperature and its bactericidal mechanism. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xu J, Yao H, Li Y, Liao Q, Wan X, Liu L, Ma X, Tao H, Wang HL, Xu Y. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation as an alternative approach to inhibit the growth of Cronobacter sakazakii by fine-tuning the activity of CpxRA two-component system. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1063425. [PMID: 36733775 PMCID: PMC9886882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1063425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen primarily found in powdered infant formula (PIF). To date, it remains challenging to control the growth of this ubiquitous bacterium. Herein, antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) was first employed to inactivate C. sakazakii. Through 460 nm light irradiation coupled with hypocrellin B, the survival rate of C. sakazakii was diminished by 3~4 log. The photokilling effect was mediated by the attenuated membrane integrity, as evidenced by PI staining. Besides, scanning electron microscopy showed the deformed and aggregated cell cluster, and intracellular ROS was augmented by 2~3 folds when light doses increase. In addition to planktonic cells, the biofilm formation of C. sakazakii was also affected, showing an OD590nm decline from 0.85 to 0.25. In terms of molecular aspects, a two-component system called CpxRA, along with their target genes, was deregulated during illumination. Using the knock-out strain of ΔCpxA, the bacterial viability was reduced by 2 log under aPDI, a wider gap than the wildtype strain. Based on the promoted expression of CpxR and OmpC, aPDI is likely to play its part through attenuating the function of CpxRA-OmpC pathway. Finally, the aPDI system was applied to PIF, and C. sakazakii was inactivated under various desiccated or heated storage conditions. Collectively, aPDI serves as an alternative approach to decontaminate C. sakazakii, providing a new strategy to reduce the health risks caused by this prevalent foodborne pathogen.
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Braga GÚL, Silva-Junior GJ, Brancini GTP, Hallsworth JE, Wainwright M. Photoantimicrobials in agriculture. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 235:112548. [PMID: 36067596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Classical approaches for controlling plant pathogens may be impaired by the development of pathogen resistance to chemical pesticides and by limited availability of effective antimicrobial agents. Recent increases in consumer awareness of and/or legislation regarding environmental and human health, and the urgent need to improve food security, are driving increased demand for safer antimicrobial strategies. Therefore, there is a need for a step change in the approaches used for controlling pre- and post-harvest diseases and foodborne human pathogens. The use of light-activated antimicrobial substances for the so-called antimicrobial photodynamic treatment is known to be effective not only in a clinical context, but also for use in agriculture to control plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria, and to eliminate foodborne human pathogens from seeds, sprouted seeds, fruits, and vegetables. Here, we take a holistic approach to review and re-evaluate recent findings on: (i) the ecology of naturally-occurring photoantimicrobials, (ii) photodynamic processes including the light-activated antimicrobial activities of some plant metabolites, and (iii) fungus-induced photosensitization of plants. The inhibitory mechanisms of both natural and synthetic light-activated substances, known as photosensitizers, are discussed in the contexts of microbial stress biology and agricultural biotechnology. Their modes-of-antimicrobial action make them neither stressors nor toxins/toxicants (with specific modes of poisonous activity), but a hybrid/combination of both. We highlight the use of photoantimicrobials for the control of plant-pathogenic fungi and quantify their potential contribution to global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | | | - Guilherme T P Brancini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
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Ribeiro AM, Paiva AD, Cruz AM, Vanetti MC, Ferreira SO, Mantovani HC. Bovicin HC5 and nisin reduce cell viability and the thermal resistance of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris endospores in fruit juices. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3994-4002. [PMID: 34997599 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is an important thermoacidophilic spore-forming bacterium in fruit-juice deterioration, and alternative non-thermal methods have been investigated to control fruit juice spoilage. This work aimed to evaluate the capacity of bovicin HC5 and nisin to inhibit the growth of vegetative cells and reduce the thermal resistance of endospores of A. acidoterrestris inoculated (107 CFU mL-1 ) in different fruit juices. The number of viable cells was determined after 12 h incubation at 43 °C in the presence and absence of nisin or bovicin HC5 (10-100 AU mL-1 ). The exposure time (min) required to kill 90% of the initial population (reduction of one log factor) at 90 ºC (D90ºC ) was used to assess the thermal resistance of A. acidoterrestris endospores exposed (80 AU mL-1 ) or non-exposed to the bacteriocins. Additionally, the effect of bovicin and nisin on the morphology and cell structure of A. acidoterrestris was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULTS Bovicin HC5 and nisin were bactericidal against A. acidoterrestris inoculated in fruit juices and reduced the D90°C values up to 30-fold. AFM topographical images revealed substantial structural changes in the cellular framework of vegetative cells upon treatment with bovicin HC5 or nisin. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the potential application of lantibiotics as additional hurdles in food processing to control thermoacidophilic spoilage bacteria in fruit juices. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryádina M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Aline D Paiva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Mo Cruz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Maria Cd Vanetti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Hilário C Mantovani
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Cossu M, Ledda L, Cossu A. Emerging trends in the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) applied to the food decontamination. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110358. [PMID: 34053551 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The food and drink manufacturing industry is constantly seeking for alternative sanitation and disinfection systems that may achieve the same antimicrobial efficiency of conventional chemical sanitisers and at the same time be convenient in terms of energy and water savings. A candidate technology for this purpose is the use of light in combination with photosensitisers (PS) to generate a bioactive effect against microbial agents in a process defined as photodynamic inactivation (PDI). This technology can be applied to the food processing of different food matrices to reduce the microbial load of foodborne pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. Also, the PDI can be exploited to increase the shelf-life period of food by inactivation of spoiling microbes. This review analyses new developments in the last five years for PDI systems applied to the food decontamination from foodborne pathogens. The photosensitisation mechanisms and methods are reported to introduce the applied technology against microbial targets in food matrices. Recent blue light emitting diodes (LED) lamp systems for the PDI mediated by endogenous PS are discussed as well PDI technologies with the use of exogenous PS from plant sources such as curcumin and porphyrin-based molecules. The updated overview of the most recent developments in the PDI technology both in wavelengths and employed PS will provide further points of analysis for the advancement of the research on new competitive and effective disinfection systems in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cossu
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigi Ledda
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossu
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom.
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