1
|
Lopez-Corbeto E, Sanclemente C, González V, Mansilla R, Casabona J, Folch C. HIV, Chlamydia and gonorrhoea vulnerability depending to sex work site. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 40:166-171. [PMID: 35216949 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women sex workers (WSW) are one of key population on the HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) monitoring and evaluation. Socioeconomic, structural factors and other factors associated with the workplace influence exposure to these infections. The objectives of this study were to describe and compare the social characteristics, risk behaviours and HIV, chlamydia and gonorrhoeae prevalence according to sex work site (street or highway, clubs and flats). METHODS Cross-sectional study on 400 WSW in Catalonia. Socio-demographic, sex work and behavioral characteristics were collected through personal interview. Oral fluid and urine samples were collected to determine STI prevalence. RESULTS WSW that exercised in the street or highway presented more precarious conditions and a greater vulnerability related to socioeconomic factors: older population, with a lower education level and with less economic remuneration for their service. Other factors associated with lifestyle or behaviour was also observed: greater injecting drug use, longer sex work or vulnerabilities associated with structural or social determinants: less access to health services, higher proportion of forced relations and stay in prison. The overall HIV, chlamydia and gonorrhoeae prevalence was 3.0%, 1.8% and 0.5%, respectively and higher in women who exercised on the street or highway, 5.6%, 1.9% and 1.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION The information generated in this study will be useful for the design specific preventive interventions aimed at this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Lopez-Corbeto
- Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y Sida de Cataluña (CEEISCAT), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | | | - Victoria González
- Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y Sida de Cataluña (CEEISCAT), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Servicio de Microbiología, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Mansilla
- Vigilància, Prevenció i Control de les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i el VIH, Subdirecció General de Vigilància i Resposta a Emergències de Salut Pública, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y Sida de Cataluña (CEEISCAT), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología y de Medicina Preventiva, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y Sida de Cataluña (CEEISCAT), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lopez-Corbeto E, Sanclemente C, González V, Mansilla R, Casabona J, Folch C. HIV, Chlamydia and gonorrhoea vulnerability depending to sex work site. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 40:S0213-005X(20)30312-8. [PMID: 33199062 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women sex workers (WSW) are one of key population on the HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) monitoring and evaluation. Socioeconomic, structural factors and other factors associated with the workplace influence exposure to these infections. The objectives of this study were to describe and compare the social characteristics, risk behaviours and HIV, Chlamydia and gonorrhoeae prevalence according to sex work site (street or highway, clubs and flats). METHODS Cross-sectional study on 400WSW in Catalonia. Socio-demographic, sex work and behavioral characteristics were collected through personal interview. Oral fluid and urine samples were collected to determine STI prevalence. RESULTS WSW that exercised in the street or highway presented more precarious conditions and a greater vulnerability related to socioeconomic factors: older population, with a lower education level and with less economic remuneration for their service. Other factors associated with lifestyle or behaviour was also observed: greater injecting drug use, longer sex work or vulnerabilities associated with structural or social determinants: less access to health services, higher proportion of forced relations and stay in prison. The overall HIV, Chlamydia and gonorrhoeae prevalence was 3.0%, 1.8% and 0.5%, respectively, and higher in women who exercised on the street or highway: 5.6%, 1.9% and 1.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION The information generated in this study will be useful for the design specific preventive interventions aimed at this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Lopez-Corbeto
- Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y Sida de Cataluña (CEEISCAT), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Barcelona, España; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | | | - Victoria González
- Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y Sida de Cataluña (CEEISCAT), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Barcelona, España; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Servicio de Microbiología, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - Rosa Mansilla
- Vigilància, Prevenció i Control de les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i el VIH, Subdirecció General de Vigilància i Resposta a Emergències de Salut Pública, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, España
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y Sida de Cataluña (CEEISCAT), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Barcelona, España; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departamentos de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología y de Medicina Preventiva, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y Sida de Cataluña (CEEISCAT), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Barcelona, España; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pérez-Morente MÁ, Gázquez-López M, Álvarez-Serrano MA, Martínez-García E, Femia-Marzo P, Pozo-Cano MD, Martín-Salvador A. Sexually Transmitted Infections and Associated Factors in Southeast Spain: A Retrospective Study from 2000 to 2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207449. [PMID: 33066154 PMCID: PMC7601973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that more than one million people acquire a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) every day, compromising quality of life, sexual and reproductive health, and the health of newborns and children. It is an objective of this study to identify the factors related to a Sexually Transmitted Infection diagnosis in the province of Granada (Spain), as well as those better predicting the risk of acquiring such infections. In this study, 678 cases were analyzed on a retrospective basis, which were treated at the Centre for Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Orientation in Granada, between 2000–2014. Descriptive statistics were applied, and by means of binary logistic regression, employing the forward stepwise-likelihood ratio, a predictive model was estimated for the risk of acquiring an STI. Sex, age, occupation, economic crisis period, drug use, number of days in which no condoms were used, number of sexual partners in the last month and in the last year, and number of subsequent visits and new subsequent episodes were associated with an STI diagnosis (p < 0.05). The risk of being diagnosed with an STI increased during the economic crisis period (OR: 1.88; 95%-CI: 1.28–2.76); during the economic crisis and if they were women (OR:2.35, 95%- CI: 1.24–4.44); and if they were women and immigrants (OR: 2.09; 95%- CI:1.22–3.57), while it decreased with age (OR: 0.97, 95%-CI: 0.95–0.98). Identification of the group comprised of immigrant women as an especially vulnerable group regarding the acquisition of an STI in our province reflects the need to incorporate the gender perspective into preventive strategies and STI primary health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - María Gázquez-López
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain;
| | - María Adelaida Álvarez-Serrano
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.A.Á.-S.); (E.M.-G.)
| | - Encarnación Martínez-García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Guadix High Resolution Hospital, 18500 Guadix, Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.Á.-S.); (E.M.-G.)
| | - Pedro Femia-Marzo
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - María Dolores Pozo-Cano
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Adelina Martín-Salvador
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Owen BN, Baggaley RF, Elmes J, Harvey A, Shubber Z, Butler AR, Silhol R, Anton P, Shacklett B, van der Straten A, Boily MC. What Proportion of Female Sex Workers Practise anal Intercourse and How Frequently? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:697-713. [PMID: 30953304 PMCID: PMC6778486 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
HIV is more efficiently acquired during receptive anal intercourse (AI) compared to vaginal intercourse (VI) and may contribute substantially to female sex workers' (FSW) high HIV burden. We aim to determine how common and frequent AI is among FSW globally. We searched PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO for studies reporting the proportion of FSW practising AI (prevalence) and/or the number of AI acts (frequency) worldwide from 01/1980 to 10/2018. We assessed the influence of participant and study characteristics on AI prevalence (e.g. continent, study year and interview method) through sub-group analysis. Of 15,830 identified studies, 131 were included. Nearly all (N = 128) reported AI prevalence and few frequency (N = 13), over various recall periods. Most studies used face-to-face interviews (N = 111). Pooled prevalences varied little by recall period (lifetime: 15.7% 95%CI 12.2-19.3%, N = 30, I2 = 99%; past month: 16.2% 95%CI 10.8-21.6%, N = 18, I2 = 99%). The pooled proportion of FSW reporting < 100% condom use tended to be non-significantly higher during AI compared to during VI (e.g. any unprotected VI: 19.1% 95%CI 1.7-36.4, N = 5 and any unprotected AI: 46.4% 95%CI 9.1-83.6, N = 5 in the past week). Across all study participants, between 2.4 and 15.9% (N = 6) of all intercourse acts (AI and VI) were anal. Neither AI prevalence nor frequency varied substantially by any participant or study characteristics. Although varied, AI among FSW is generally common, inconsistently protected with condoms and practiced sufficiently frequently to contribute substantially to HIV acquisition in this risk group. Interventions to address barriers to condom use are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branwen Nia Owen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, St Mary's Campus, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK.
| | - Rebecca F Baggaley
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jocelyn Elmes
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, St Mary's Campus, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Amy Harvey
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, St Mary's Campus, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Zara Shubber
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, St Mary's Campus, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Ailsa R Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, St Mary's Campus, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Romain Silhol
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, St Mary's Campus, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Peter Anton
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Barbara Shacklett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Ariane van der Straten
- Women's Global Health Imperative Program, RTI International, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Boily
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, St Mary's Campus, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Dulm E, Marra E, Kroone MM, van Dijk AE, Hogewoning AA, Schim van der Loeff MF. Sexually transmissible infections among female sex workers in Amsterdam between 2011 and 2016: does risk vary by work location? Sex Health 2020; 17:368-376. [PMID: 32731918 DOI: 10.1071/sh19153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Female sex workers (FSW) are at risk for sexually transmissible infections (STI). This study aimed to investigate whether the risk for chlamydia and gonorrhoea differs by work location among FSW in Amsterdam. Additionally, trends in STI positivity rates between 2011 and 2016 were assessed. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of routinely collected clinical data during STI consultations of FSW by the Prostitution and Healthcare Centre (P&G292). Work location was categorised as window prostitution, escorts/homeworkers, clubs/brothels/private houses/massage salons and other. RESULTS In total, 7558 STI consultations of 2529 FSW in the period 2011-16 were included. Positivity rates for chlamydia and gonorrhoea were 6.6% and 2.0%, respectively. Infectious hepatitis B virus, syphilis and HIV were diagnosed in <0.2% of consultations. Positivity rates of chlamydia and rectal gonorrhoea differed significantly by work location (P < 0.001). Genital and rectal chlamydia and rectal gonorrhoea were significantly less likely among women working in window prostitution, except for the other-group. Risk factors for STI did not vary by work location. Among women working in window prostitution, positivity rates for oropharyngeal and genital chlamydia and genital gonorrhoea were significantly decreasing between 2011 and 2016 (P trend <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The higher STI positivity among escorts/homeworkers and FSW in clubs/brothels/private houses/massage salons emphasises the need for extra attention to improve condom use and STI testing in this group. Factors associated with STI did not vary by work location, thus interventions, including those used by P&G292, to reduce STI risk, can be used for women at all work locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline van Dulm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018WT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Corresponding author.
| | - Elske Marra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018WT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle M Kroone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018WT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E van Dijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018WT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan A Hogewoning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018WT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Schim van der Loeff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018WT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&I), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tadele A, Hussen S, Shimelis T. Prevalence and associated factors of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among female commercial sex workers in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:61. [PMID: 30654762 PMCID: PMC6337801 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most common pathogens causing genital tract infections. Female commercial sex workers (FCSWs) are the key population to be affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In Ethiopia, little is known about C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections in most at risk population. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of these bacterial STIs among FCSWs. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the confidential clinic in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia from January to April, 2017. A total of 338 FCSWs were selected using systematic random sampling technique and enrolled in the study. Information about socio-demography and associated factors was collected using structured questionnaires. Endocervical swab samples were also collected from the study participants and tested for C. trachomatis using rapid immunochromatography assay. Samples were also cultured to isolate N. gonorrhoeae according to the standard bacteriological method. Results The prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis among FCSWs was 3.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5–5.3] and 6.8% (95% CI: 3.9–9.5), respectively. FCSWs who consistently practiced sex without condom in the last 6 months had 6.3 times (AOR 6.3; 95% CI 1.61–24.86, P = 0.008), and 4.0 times (AOR 4.0; 95% CI 1.06–15.31, p = 0.040) higher odds of acquiring N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis infections, respectively. Conclusion The observed rates of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections among FCSWs warrant the need to strengthen intervention efforts. In this regard, screening FCSWs for the specified infections and improving the practice of condom use would be important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alelign Tadele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa College of Health Sciences, South Nations and Nationalities Peoples Region, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Siraj Hussen
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Techalew Shimelis
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dias S, Gama A, Pingarilho M, Simões D, Mendão L. Health Services Use and HIV Prevalence Among Migrant and National Female Sex Workers in Portugal: Are We Providing the Services Needed? AIDS Behav 2017; 21:2316-2321. [PMID: 27475942 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional bio-behavioral survey conducted with 853 female sex workers (FSW) aimed to examine differences in use of HIV health services, testing and prevalence among migrant and national FSW. A quarter of undocumented FSW had never used National Health Service (NHS) and 15 % never tested for HIV, significantly more than nationals (p < 0.001 and p = 0.024, respectively). HIV infection was self-reported by 11.9 % of nationals, 1.8 % of documented and 0.8 % of undocumented migrants (p < 0.001). The HIV rapid test was reactive in 13.6 % of undocumented, 8.0 % of nationals and 2.3 % of documented. A higher proportion of migrants were unaware of their positive serostatus compared to nationals. Ever had HIV testing was less likely among undocumented, who never used the NHS and who didn't know where to go if suspected being HIV-infected. Promoting early diagnosis with linkage to care among migrant FSW should be supported, while developing health services better tailored to their needs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chlamydia trachomatis re-infection in Spain: A STI clinic-based cohort study. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 35:165-173. [PMID: 27743678 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is the most frequently reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) in developed countries, but there is a lack data on its incidence and population dynamics in Spain. The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of C. trachomatis in patients seeking medical attention in an STI clinic with a defined population catchment area, to identify factors associated with this infection, and to explore differences between factors associated with new infections and re-infections. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of patients from a STI clinic who underwent chlamydia testing at least twice between 2007 and 2015. RESULTS Of the 2633 patients who met study selection criteria, 795 (30.2%) tested positive for C. trachomatis at baseline (baseline Chlamydia). The overall incidence was 7.97/100 person-years (95% CI: 7.2-8.8): 5.9/100 person-years (95% CI: 5.2-6.7) among patients testing negative for C. trachomatis at baseline, and 18.3 person-years (95% CI: 15.6-21.5) among those testing positive at baseline. In multivariate analysis, the factors independently associated with overall incidence were a history of infection with C. trachomatis in the previous 6 months (hazard ratio=3.6; 95% CI: 2.3-5.4), younger age (HR <20 vs ≥35 years=5.5; 95% CI: 3.2-9.5), male sex, 2 or more sexual partners in the previous month and year, and inconsistent condom use. CONCLUSIONS Guidelines should be established for C. trachomatis in Spain, including recommendations on the need for follow-up and re-testing, independently of age. Though data concerning the optimal timing of re-testing are inconclusive, our findings support the establishment of a 3-6 month interval.
Collapse
|
9
|
Verscheijden MMA, Woestenberg PJ, Götz HM, van Veen MG, Koedijk FDH, van Benthem BHB. Sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers tested at STI clinics in the Netherlands, 2006-2013. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 2015; 12:12. [PMID: 26322117 PMCID: PMC4552148 DOI: 10.1186/s12982-015-0034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Specialised sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in the Netherlands provide STI care for high-risk groups, including female sex workers (FSW), at the clinic and by outreach visiting commercial sex workplaces with a permit. The objective was to investigate the STI positivity rate and determinants of an STI diagnosis among FSW tested by STI clinics in the Netherlands. Methods Sexually transmitted infection clinics report demographic, behavioural and diagnostic information of every consultation to the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. We analysed all consultations of FSW between 2006 and 2013. Trends in STI positivity rate (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, infectious syphilis, HIV and hepatitis B) were analysed using χ2 for trend and logistic regression was used to analyse determinants associated with an STI diagnosis. Differences between consultations at the STI clinic and consultations during outreach were analysed using χ2 tests. Results The positivity rate for any STI (overall 9.5 %) was stable from 2006 to 2013. Chlamydia positivity rate (overall 7.1 %) decreased (p < 0.001) and gonorrhoea positivity rate (overall 2.6 %) increased (p < 0.001). For gonorrhoea, the highest positivity rate was found oropharyngeal (2.0 %). Characteristics associated with STI were a younger age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.96, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.95–0.97 per year], a previous STI diagnosis (aOR 1.63, 95 % CI 1.38–1.92) and being notified for an STI by partner notification (aOR 2.61, 95 % CI 2.0–3.40). The STI positivity rate was significantly lower among FSW tested at outreach locations (8.6 %) compared to FSW tested at the STI clinic (11.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions The STI positivity rate among FSW remained stable, but underlying this was a decreasing chlamydia trend and an increasing gonorrhoea trend, suggesting a shift in STI risks among FSW over time. Condom use during oral sex should be promoted since oropharyngeal gonorrhoea was frequently diagnosed and because of the potential spread of antimicrobial resistant gonococci. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12982-015-0034-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud M A Verscheijden
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J Woestenberg
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hannelore M Götz
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Disease Control, Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike G van Veen
- STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Birgit H B van Benthem
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luo L, Li X, Zhang LL. Neisseria gonorrhoeae prevalence, incidence and associated risk factors among female sex workers in a high HIV-prevalence area of China. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 38:115-20. [PMID: 26255890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) is one of the most prevalent non-ulcerative sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China, however, the data about N. gonorrhoeae infections are limited in this population. The objective of this study is to determine N. gonorrheae incidence and associated risk factors among female sex workers (FSWs) in China. METHODS This serial cross-sectional study was conducted semi-annually among FSWs in a City of Yunnan Province, which constituted an open cohort study. Participants were interviewed and tested for N. gonorrhoeae every 6 months. RESULTS During 3 years of follow-up, 64 incident cases of N. gonorrhoeae infection were diagnosed, yielding an overall incidence of 5.9 per 100 person years (PY) (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.53-7.41). Working in higher risk commercial sex venue (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=2.7, 95% CI, 1.56-4.55), inconsistently used condoms with clients in previous week (AHR=1.9, 95% CI, 1.07-3.35) and being infected with C. trachomatis (AHR=1.9, 95% CI, 1.06-3.26) were independent risk factors for incident N. gonorrhoeae infection. CONCLUSIONS A relatively high prevalence and incidence of N. gonorrhoeae among a prospective cohort of FSWs underscore the urgency for traditional HIV/STIs prevention methods among FSWs, such as condom promotion, screening and treatment of STIs, considering the high prevalence of STIs. Significant attention should focus on FSWs working in higher risk commercial sex venues as they are at higher risk for N. gonorrhoeae and transmission than those in lower risk commercial sex venues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Changping District, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Microbial Tumor Marker and Drug Sensitive Test, Xinxiang, Henan 453400, China
| | - Lu-lu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Microbial Tumor Marker and Drug Sensitive Test, Xinxiang, Henan 453400, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Coma Auli N, Mejía-Lancheros C, Berenguera A, Pujol-Ribera E. Risk perception of sexually transmitted infections and HIV in Nigerian commercial sex workers in Barcelona: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e006928. [PMID: 26078307 PMCID: PMC4480001 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine in detail the risk perception of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV, and the contextual circumstances, in Nigerian commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Barcelona. DESIGN A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. SETTING Raval area in Barcelona. PARTICIPANTS 8 CSWs working in Barcelona. METHODS A phenomenological study was carried out with Nigerian CSWs in Barcelona. Sampling was theoretical, taking into account: different age ranges; women with and without a partner; women with and without children; and women participating or not in STI/HIV-prevention workshops. Information was obtained by means of eight semistructured individual interviews. An interpretative content analysis was conducted by four analysts. RESULTS Illegal immigrant status, educational level, financial situation and work, and cultural context had mixed effects on CSW knowledge of, exposure to, and prevention and treatment of STI and HIV. CSWs were aware of the higher risk of STI associated with their occupation. They identified condoms as the best preventive method and used them during intercourse with clients. They also implemented other preventive behaviours such as personal hygiene after intercourse. Control of sexual services provided, health education and healthcare services had a positive effect on decreasing exposure and better management of STI/HIV. CONCLUSIONS Nigerian CSWs are a vulnerable group because of their poor socioeconomic status. The perception of risk in this group and their preventive behaviours are based on personal determinants, beliefs and experiences from their home country and influences from the host country. Interventions aimed at CSWs must address knowledge gaps, risk behaviours and structural elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Núria Coma Auli
- Unitat de medicina tropical i salut internacional Drassanes-Vall d'Hebron, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cília Mejía-Lancheros
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Preventive Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Berenguera
- Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
- Investigador Associat de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Enriqueta Pujol-Ribera
- Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
- Investigador Associat de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Taghizadeh H, Taghizadeh F, Fathi M, Reihani P, Shirdel N, Rezaee SM. Drug Use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors of Women at a Drop-In Center in Mazandaran Province, Iran, 2014. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2015; 9:e1047. [PMID: 26288640 PMCID: PMC4539583 DOI: 10.17795/ijpbs1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female drug users are more likely to transmit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to their sexual partners. Little is known about HIV, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), cervicitis, and drug abuse among female sex workers in Iran. OBJECTIVES Therefore, this study was conducted at a drop-in center (DIC) in Iran to investigate the prevalence of HIV associated risk factors, the prevalence of drug use, high-risk sexual behaviors, and the relationship between the associated factors in women. PATIENTS AND METHODS This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 female sex workers (SW) in a DIC in Sari, Mazandaran, Northern Iran, in January and February 2014. The study sample was selected through census sampling. In the end, 190 female SWs referring to the DIC participated in our study. There was no limitation in sampling. The self-administered questionnaire was completed via an interview. RESULTS The results showed that 39% of the female SWs were less than 30 years old and 64% had elementary school education. In addition, 59% of the participants took some type of illegal drugs and 1.1% of them were reportedly injecting drug users. Moreover, 43% of them had substance dependent husbands, and 39% were reportedly regular condom users. They had 1 - 10 sexual partners on average per week. The overall prevalence of HIV infection was 4%. A significant relationship was found between the type of drugs used and factors such as having a substance dependent husband, use of condom during the last sexual contact, regular condom use, and the number of sexual acts per week. A significant correlation exists between using psychiatric drugs and factors like regular condom use, education, cervicitis, and the number of sexual conducts per week. CONCLUSIONS Female sex workers often engage in sex for financial reasons and are at high risk of drug abuse, HIV, and cervicitis. In addition, the rate of cervicitis among females with high-risk sexual behavior is considerable in Mazandaran, Iran. Therefore, the state authorities should provide sex workers with health care services and help them acquire a good job to support their life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Taghizadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taghizadeh
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Research Center, Addiction Institute AND Department of Mental Health, Public Health Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Parisa Reihani
- Department of Psychology, Educational Organization of Mazandaran, Sari, IR Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Drug Use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors of Women at a Drop-In Center in Mazandaran Province, Iran, 2014. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.9(2)2015.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
14
|
Folch C, Casabona J, Sanclemente C, Esteve A, González V. [Trends in HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviors in female sex workers in Catalonia (Spain)]. GACETA SANITARIA 2014; 28:196-202. [PMID: 24393261 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe trends in HIV prevalence, sexual risk behaviors and other sexual health indicators in female sex workers (SW) from 2005 to 2011. METHODS Cross-sectional studies were conducted biennially among SW recruited in Catalonia (Spain) in the street, flats and clubs (n = 400). In addition to an anonymous questionnaire, oral fluid samples were collected to estimate HIV prevalence. Linear trends in proportions were assessed by the Mantel test. RESULTS The percentage of SW who used condoms inconsistently with clients (past 6 months) increased from 5.1% in 2005 to 9.9% in 2011 (p = 0.005); this percentage also increased with steady partners (86.2% in 2005 to 94.4% in 2011, p = 0.002). The prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STI) increased from 14% in 2005 to 20.6% in 2011 (p = 0.001). The prevalence of HIV held constant over the years (about 2%), being higher in Spanish women (14.7% in 2011). DISCUSSION The prevalence of HIV in SW remained stable over the years, being higher in Spanish SW. The increase in unprotected sex and in the prevalence of self-reported STI among SW from 2005 to 2011 highlights a possible relaxation in preventive behaviors in this group. Interventions to reduce the transmission of these infections, as well as unwanted pregnancies, should continue in Catalonia in SW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Folch
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (ASPC), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España.
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (ASPC), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Departament de Pediatria, d'Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i de Salut Pública, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | | | - Anna Esteve
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (ASPC), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España
| | - Victoria González
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (ASPC), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona), España
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Diaz A, Garriga C, Varela JA, Fernández E, Sanz I, Boronat J, Gual F, Colomo C, López de Munain J, Esteban V, Junquera ML, Martínez B, Pueyo I, Suárez J, Barberá MJ, Arando M, Ureña JM, Diez M. Gonorrhoea diagnoses in a network of STI clinics in Spain during the period 2006-2010: differences by sex and transmission route. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1093. [PMID: 24274101 PMCID: PMC4222879 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonorrhoea infection is one of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections and an important cause of morbidity and serious complications. The objectives of this paper are: a) to describe gonorrhoea cases diagnosed in a network of 15 (out of 16) STI clinics in Spain during 2006-2010; b) to analyse differences among men who have sex with men (MSM), men who have sex exclusively with women (MSW) and women; and c) to evaluate factors associated to with HIV co-infection. METHODS All gonorrhoea cases diagnosed in the network were included (25.7% of total cases notified in Spain). Data were collected by clinical staff. Descriptive/bivariate analyses were carried out stratifying by sex and transmission category; association and trends were evaluated using the chi-square test. Factors associated with HIV co-infection were estimated using a logistic regression model. RESULTS 2385 cases were included: 55.3% among MSM, 31.3% among MSW and 13.3% among females; cases among MSM increased from 55.8% in 2006 to 62.9% in 2010 while no trends were found among the other two groups.Most MSM cases were Spaniards (72%), aged 25-34 years (46%), 49% reported previous STI and 25% concurrent STI (excluding HIV); casual partners were the commonest source of infection, and 21% of cases had rectal gonorrhoea. MSW cases did not differ from MSM by age, origin or source of infection, but frequencies of prior or concurrent STI were lower. Female cases were younger than male, were mostly foreigners (58%), and 41% were sex workers; concurrent STI (other than HIV) were diagnosed in 30%; 20.4% had symptoms (72.5% and 89.2% in MSM and MSW), and pharyngeal location was present in 30%.HIV co-infection was highest in MSM (20.9%). Co-infection was associated with age > 35 years, low educational level, being Western European or Latin-American, being MSM, having previous or concurrent STI and reporting contact with an HIV-infected partner; it was inversely associated with female sex. CONCLUSION Differences by sex, transmission route and origin should be considered when implementing care and preventive programmes for gonorrhoea, and MSM are a priority group for intervention, in particular HIV-infected MSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asuncion Diaz
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Área de Epidemiología del VIH y comportamientos de riesgo, Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Platt L, Jolley E, Rhodes T, Hope V, Latypov A, Reynolds L, Wilson D. Factors mediating HIV risk among female sex workers in Europe: a systematic review and ecological analysis. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2013-002836. [PMID: 23883879 PMCID: PMC3731729 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We reviewed the epidemiology of HIV and selected sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSWs) in WHO-defined Europe. There were three objectives: (1) to assess the prevalence of HIV and STIs (chlamydia, syphilis and gonorrhoea); (2) to describe structural and individual-level risk factors associated with prevalence and (3) to examine the relationship between structural-level factors and national estimates of HIV prevalence among FSWs. DESIGN A systematic search of published and unpublished literature measuring HIV/STIs and risk factors among FSWs, identified through electronic databases published since 2005. 'Best' estimates of HIV prevalence were calculated from the systematic review to provide national level estimates of HIV. Associations between HIV prevalence and selected structural-level indicators were assessed using linear regression models. STUDIES REVIEWED Of the 1993 papers identified in the search, 73 peer-reviewed and grey literature documents were identified as meeting our criteria of which 63 papers provided unique estimates of HIV and STI prevalence and nine reported multivariate risk factors for HIV/STI among FSWs. RESULTS HIV in Europe remains low among FSWs who do not inject drugs (<1%), but STIs are high, particularly syphilis in the East and gonorrhoea. FSWs experience high levels of violence and structural risk factors associated with HIV, including lack of access to services and working on the street. Linear regression models showed HIV among FSWs to link with injecting drug use and imprisonment. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that HIV prevention interventions should be nested inside strategies that address the social welfare of sex workers, highlighting in turn the need to target the social determinants of health and inequality, including regarding access to services, experience of violence and migration. Future epidemiological and intervention studies of HIV among vulnerable populations need to better systematically delineate how microenvironmental and macroenvironmental factors combine to increase or reduce HIV/STI risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Platt
- Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emma Jolley
- Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tim Rhodes
- Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vivian Hope
- Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Alisher Latypov
- The Central Asia Program, Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
- Global Health Research Centre of Central Asia, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Lucy Reynolds
- Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - David Wilson
- Global HIV/AIDS Programme, World Bank, Washington DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Folch C, Lazar C, Ferrer L, Sanclemente C, Casabona J. Female sex workers and access to social and health services in Catalonia: Influence of region of origin and place of work. AIDS Care 2012; 25:1033-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2012.748872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Folch
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies on HIV/STI in Catalonia (CEEISCAT) – ICO - Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Preventive Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Lazar
- Àmbit Prevenció, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Ferrer
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies on HIV/STI in Catalonia (CEEISCAT) – ICO - Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - J. Casabona
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies on HIV/STI in Catalonia (CEEISCAT) – ICO - Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Preventive Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kassaian N, Ataei B, Yaran M, Babak A, Shoaei P, Ataie M. HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in women with illegal social behavior in Isfahan, Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2012; 1:5. [PMID: 23210064 PMCID: PMC3507035 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.94427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among females who engage in illegal sexual behavior in Iran .So, this study was conducted to obtain knowledge about the prevalence and associated risk factors in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study, a total of 100 women who had exchange of sex for money in previous 3 months according to self report were recruited during 2009-2010 by simple non probable sampling method in Isfahan, Iran. HIV-Ab, Chlamydia trachomatis-IgG and syphilis infection were measured. A questionnaire on demographics and prostitution-associated risk data was collected as well. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression models were used for data analysis. RESULTS Of 100 participants, the samples of 91 ones could be tested for STI markers (nine samples were hemolysis or insufficient). The overall prevalence of C. trachomatis was 19.8%. There was no case with syphilis or HIV infection. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that participants who reported temporarily marriage were less likely to be infected with C. trachomatis (AOR=0.003, 95%CI=0.001-0.58). The other risk factors for the tested STIs were not statistically significant in multiple logistic regressions. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicated that seroprevalence and associated risk factors of HIV and other STIs among female with illegal social behaviors is not considerable in Isfahan, Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Kassaian
- Infections Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Medical student, Islamic Azad University of Najafabad, Najafabad, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Corbeto EL, Lugo R, Martró E, Falguera G, Ros R, Avecilla A, Coll C, Saludes V, Casabona J. Epidemiological features and determinants for Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women in Catalonia, Spain. Int J STD AIDS 2011; 21:718-22. [PMID: 21139152 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We determined the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection and risk factors for its acquisition by women aged less than 35 years who were attending sexual health centres in the province of Barcelona in 2007. A convenience sample of 397 adolescents and young adult women aged between 16 and 35 years, stratified by age and recruitment site, were tested using realtime polymerase chain reaction by CT DNA. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect epidemiological and behavioural data on the participants, which were analysed in a multivariate logistic regression model. The overall prevalence of CT was 4%, significantly higher in those under 25 years of age (5.8% versus 1.6% over 25). The independent risk factors for CT infection were: foreign origin (odds ratio [OR] 4.7; confidence interval [CI] 1.02-21.8), having had a sexual partner in the last three months (OR 4.59; CI 1.16-18.08) and tobacco use the last 12 months (OR 6.38; CI 1.16-34.93). In conclusion, this is the first study performed in Catalonia showing a high prevalence of CT in young women, consistent with trends in the rest of Europe. Systematic monitoring of CT infection in sentinel populations such as this will inform future targeted screening programmes in our setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E L Corbeto
- Center for Epidemiological Studies on HIV/AIDS & STI of Catalonia, ICO/Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jin X, Chan S, Ding G, Wang H, Xu J, Wang G, Chang D, Reilly KH, Wang N. Prevalence and risk behaviours for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection among female sex workers in an HIV/AIDS high-risk area. Int J STD AIDS 2011; 22:80-4. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.010289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Jin
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| | - S Chan
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| | - G Ding
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| | - H Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| | - J Xu
- Key Laboratory of Immunology of AIDS, Ministry of Health, First Hospital of China Medical University
| | - G Wang
- Kaiyuan City Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Yunnan Province, PRChina
| | - D Chang
- Kaiyuan City Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Yunnan Province, PRChina
| | - K H Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - N Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Corbeto EL, Lugo R, Martró E, Falguera G, Ros R, Avecilla A, Coll C, Saludes V, Casabona J. Prevalencia de la infección por C. trachomatis y N. gonhorroeae y determinantes para su adquisición en jóvenes y adultos-jóvenes en Cataluña. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2011; 29:96-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
23
|
Pascom ARP, Szwarcwald CL, Júnior AB. Sampling studies to estimate the HIV prevalence rate in female commercial sex workers. Braz J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(10)70081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
24
|
Cano S, Fuentes M, Ballesteros J, Clavo P, Menéndez B, Del Romero J. [Gonorrhea diagnoses in a center for sexually transmitted disease (STD) and their relationship with HIV and other STD, Madrid, 2005]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2009; 27:338-41. [PMID: 19427079 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to describe the cases of gonorrhea infection recorded in a center for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and the factors associated with HIV coinfection. METHODS Retrospective, descriptive study of all cases of gonorrhea infection diagnosed in 2005. RESULTS Among 134 cases of gonorrhea, 124 occurred in men who have sex with men. The factors associated with HIV coinfection were a prior history of STD and sexual risk practices under the effects of alcohol and/or drugs (OR, 13.4; 95% CI 1.3-139.1; OR, 39.8; 95% CI 1.3-1194.3). CONCLUSION An increase in the number of cases of gonorrhea infection is reported, predominantly in the population of men who have sex with men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cano
- Unidad de Investigación, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Diferencias en las características sociales, conductas de riesgo y prevalencia de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana e infecciones de transmisión sexual entre trabajadoras del sexo españolas e inmigrantes en Cataluña. Med Clin (Barc) 2009; 132:385-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2008.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
26
|
Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections among immigrant female sex workers in Catalonia, Spain. Sex Transm Dis 2008; 35:178-83. [PMID: 18046265 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0b013e31815a848d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) among immigrant female sex workers (FSW) according to their geographic area of origin and identify possible risk factors independently associated with current infection with CT and/or NG. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study of 357 FSW in Catalonia in 2005. Information on sociodemographic and sex work characteristics, use of alcohol and drugs, sexual practices, and the use of social and health care services was collected. Oral fluid and urine samples were collected to determine the prevalence of HIV and CT/NG, respectively. Factors independently associated with CT/NG were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS A total of 36.4% of women were from Eastern Europe, 34.5% from Latin America, and 29.1% from Africa. Overall CT and NG prevalence were 5.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.7-8.9] and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.1-2.0), respectively. No differences were observed by geographic origin. Three African women were HIV positive (overall HIV prevalence was 0.8%, 95% CI: 0.2-2.4). In multivariate analysis, younger age and unprotected sex with clients were associated with the presence of CT/NG. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among FSW in Catalonia was lower than in other European countries. Even though the prevalence of HIV was only 0.8%, it could increase in the future given the high vulnerability of these women and their wide geographic mobility. It is necessary to continue with the work carried out by nongovernmental organizations (harm reduction programs, outreach programs, and safe sex workshops) as well as to facilitate the access to health centers, especially for the youngest women.
Collapse
|