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Pisay M, Padya S, Mutalik S, Koteshwara KB. Stability Challenges of Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Drugs: A Critical Review on Mechanistic Aspects. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:45-94. [PMID: 38037820 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023039877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The most common drawback of the existing and novel drug molecules is their low bioavailability because of their low solubility. One of the most important approaches to enhance the bioavailability in the enteral route for poorly hydrophilic molecules is amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). The solubility of compounds in amorphous form is comparatively high because of the availability of free energy produced during formulation. This free energy results in the change of crystalline nature of the prepared ASD to the stable crystalline form leading to the reduced solubility of the product. Due to the intrinsic chemical and physical uncertainty and the restricted knowledge about the interactions of active molecules with the carriers making, this ASD is a challenging task. This review focused on strategies to stabilize ASD by considering the various theories explaining the free-energy concept, physical interactions, and thermal properties. This review also highlighted molecular modeling and machine learning computational advancement to stabilize ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidhar Pisay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Singh Padya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Kunnatur B Koteshwara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
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Baldassari S, Cirrincione P, Ailuno G, Drava G, Arpicco S, Caviglioli G. Towards a better understanding of thermally treated polycarbophil matrix tablets for controlled release. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2021; 3:100098. [PMID: 34661093 PMCID: PMC8503905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polycarbophil (POL), a polyacrylic acid cross-linked with divinyl glycol, is widely used in semisolid and solid dosage forms. When undergoing a thermal treatment in the range 120–160 °C, POL shows interesting morphological modifications, related to changes in physical properties, such as swelling of the powder granules, or hardening and matrix formation if included in the composition of a tablet. Thermal analysis conducted on POL highlighted a thermal event (Z) that can be correlated both to the shrinking of the powder granules and to the matrix formation in compacted POL powder. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) allowed to distinguish, inside event Z, an irreversible process overlapping with a reversible glass transition, attributable to the volatilization of residual solvents identified, through a complex TGA-FTIR-GC–MS interface, as acetate esters used for the polymer production as very fine powder. A specific interaction between acetates and POL, capable of stabilizing the polymer chains in a given conformation, was highlighted. The molecular rearrangement of the POL chains, following the volatilization of the solvent-stabilizers, is therefore ascribable to a loss of energetic stability of this material, which justifies the shrinking phenomena in the granules of the powder and the matrix formation when POL is compacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baldassari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Cirrincione
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ailuno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuliana Drava
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Caviglioli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
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Said dos Santos R, Bassi da Silva J, Rosseto HC, Vecchi CF, Campanholi KDSS, Caetano W, Bruschi ML. Emulgels Containing Propolis and Curcumin: The Effect of Type of Vegetable Oil, Poly(Acrylic Acid) and Bioactive Agent on Physicochemical Stability, Mechanical and Rheological Properties. Gels 2021; 7:gels7030120. [PMID: 34449614 PMCID: PMC8396026 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emulgels are obtained by the entrapment of an organic phase within a three-dimensional network built by hydrophilic molecules. Polymers based on cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) have been utilized as gel matrices, improving adhesiveness, rheological and mechanical performance. Propolis (PRP) produced by Apis mellifera L. bees displays a wide range of biological activities. Together with curcumin (CUR), they may show synergic anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial action on skin disorders. This work investigated the effect of vegetable oils (sweet almond, andiroba, and passion fruit) with regard to the physicochemical properties of emulgels composed of Carbopol 934P®, Carbopol 974P®, or polycarbophil aiming the CUR and PRP delivery. Physicochemical stability enabled the selection of systems containing passion fruit or andiroba oil. Mechanical and rheological characteristics provided rational comprehension of how vegetable oils and bioactive agents affect the structure of emulsion gels. All formulations exhibited high physiochemical stability and properties dependent on the polymer type, oil, and bioactive agent. Formulations displayed pseudoplastic, thixotropic and viscoelastic properties. Emulgels containing andiroba oil were the most stable systems. Carbopol 934P® or polycarbophil presence resulted in formulations with improved smoothness and mechanical properties. Systems containing andiroba oil and one of these two polymers are promising for further investigations as topical delivery systems of CUR and/or PRP on the skin and mucous membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Said dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.); (J.B.d.S.); (H.C.R.); (C.F.V.)
| | - Jéssica Bassi da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.); (J.B.d.S.); (H.C.R.); (C.F.V.)
| | - Hélen Cássia Rosseto
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.); (J.B.d.S.); (H.C.R.); (C.F.V.)
| | - Camila Felix Vecchi
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.); (J.B.d.S.); (H.C.R.); (C.F.V.)
| | - Katieli da Silva Souza Campanholi
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Research Nucleus in Photodynamic Systems, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (K.d.S.S.C.); (W.C.)
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Research Nucleus in Photodynamic Systems, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (K.d.S.S.C.); (W.C.)
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.); (J.B.d.S.); (H.C.R.); (C.F.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-44-3011-4870
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Ajaz N, Khan IU, Asghar S, Khalid SH, Irfan M, Asif M, Chatha SAS. Assessing the pH responsive and mucoadhesive behavior of dexamethasone sodium phosphate loaded itaconic acid-grafted-poly(acrylamide)/carbopol semi-interpenetrating networks. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Adu-Gyamfi N, Sarker DK. Interfacial Effects and the Nano-Scale Disruption in Adsorbed-Layer of Acrylate Polymer-Tween 80 Fabricated Steroid-Bearing Emulsions: A Rheological Study of Supramolecular Materials. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061612. [PMID: 34205467 PMCID: PMC8234269 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of polymer adsorption on the stability and viable shelf life of 55 μm diameter oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing the steroid, betamethasone 21-phosphate was investigated. Two acrylate polymers, Carbopol® 971P and 974P, were added in the role of emulsion stabilizers to a model system, representing a non-ionic low molecular weight surfactant-stabilized emulsion (topically applied medicinal cream). For the purposes of this study the dosage of the viscosifier was maintained below 1% w/v and consequently, the consistency of the emulsion was measured in the diluted form. One of the polymers was responsible for elevated degrees of droplet creaming and coalescence and this was closely linked to its surface tension lowering capacity. This lowering was seen at 62 mN/m compared to the routine values at equivalent concentrations of 68 mN/m and 35 mN/m for the betamethasone drug and non-ionic surfactant-Tween 80, respectively. The same polymer also demonstrated a predisposition to form low-micron and greater sized aggregates of nanoparticles that led to extensive flocculation and the formation of a sedimentary precipitate, formed from an amalgam of the components found in the creamed droplet layer.
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Abstract
Abstract
The review presents current research results for Carbopol-based microgels as yield-stress materials, covering three aspects: chemical, physical and rheological. Such a joint three-aspect study has no analog in the literature. The chemical aspects of Carbopol polymers are presented in terms of a cross-linking polymerization of acrylic acid, their molecular structure, microgel formulation, polyacid dissociation and neutralization, osmotic pressure and associated immense microgel swelling. The physical characterization is focused on models of the shear-induced solid-to-liquid transition of microgels, which are formed of mesoscopic particles typical for soft matter materials. Models that describe interparticle effects are presented to explain the energy states of microgel particles at the mesoscale of scrutiny. Typical representatives of the models utilize attributes of jamming dispersions, micromechanical and polyelectrolyte reactions. Selected relationships that result from the models, such as scaling rules and nondimensional flow characteristics are also presented. The rheological part presents the discussion of problems of yield stress in 2D and 3D deformations, appearance and magnitude of the wall slip. The theory and characteristics of Carbopol microgel deformation in rotational rheometers are presented with graphs for the steady-state measurements, stress-controlled oscillation and two types of transient shear deformation. The review is concluded with suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisław Jaworski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Aleja Piastow 42 , 71-065 , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Spychaj
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Aleja Piastow 42 , 71-065 , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Anna Story
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Aleja Piastow 42 , 71-065 , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Grzegorz Story
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Aleja Piastow 42 , 71-065 , Szczecin , Poland
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In-Depth Study into Polymeric Materials in Low-Density Gastroretentive Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070636. [PMID: 32645909 PMCID: PMC7408198 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of oral dosage forms for the treatment of diseases may be linked to deficient pharmacokinetic properties. In some cases the drug is barely soluble; in others, the rapid transit of the formulation through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) makes it difficult to achieve therapeutic levels in the organism; moreover, some drugs must act locally due to a gastric pathology, but the time they remain in the stomach is short. The use of formulations capable of improving all these parameters, as well as increasing the resident time in the stomach, has been the target of numerous research works, with low-density systems being the most promising and widely explored, however, there is further scope to improve these systems. There are a vast variety of polymeric materials used in low-density gastroretentive systems and a number of methods to improve the bioavailability of the drugs. This works aims to expedite the development of breakthrough approaches by providing an in-depth understanding of the polymeric materials currently used, both natural and synthetic, their properties, advantages, and drawbacks.
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The effect of carbomer 934P and different vegetable oils on physical stability, mechanical and rheological properties of emulsion-based systems containing propolis. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Simancas-Herbada R, Fernández-Carballido A, Aparicio-Blanco J, Slowing K, Rubio-Retama J, López-Cabarcos E, Torres-Suárez AI. Controlled Release of Highly Hydrophilic Drugs from Novel Poly(Magnesium Acrylate) Matrix Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E174. [PMID: 32093038 PMCID: PMC7076391 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of a new poly(magnesium acrylate) hydrogel (PAMgA) as a pharmaceutical excipient for the elaboration of matrix tablets for the extended release of highly hydrophilic drugs was evaluated. The polymer was synthetized with two different crosslinking degrees that were characterized by FTIR and DSC. Their acute oral toxicity was determined in a mouse model, showing no toxicity at doses up to 10 g/kg. Matrix tablets were prepared using metformin hydrochloride as a model drug and the mechanisms involved in drug release (swelling and/or erosion) were investigated using biorrelevant media. This new hydrogel effectively controlled the release of small and highly hydrophilic molecules as metformin, when formulated in matrix tablets for oral administration. The rate of metformin release from PAMgA matrices was mainly controlled by its diffusion through the gel layer (Fickian diffusion). The swelling capacity and the erosion of the matrix tablets influenced the metformin release rate, that was slower at pH 6.8, where polymer swelling is more intensive, than in gastric medium, where matrix erosion is slightly more rapid. The crosslinking degree of the polymer significantly influenced its swelling capacity in acid pH, where swelling is moderate, but not in intestinal fluid, where swelling is more intense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Simancas-Herbada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (A.F.-C.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (A.F.-C.); (J.A.-B.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Aparicio-Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (A.F.-C.); (J.A.-B.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla Slowing
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Rubio-Retama
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.-R.); (E.L.-C.)
| | - Enrique López-Cabarcos
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.-R.); (E.L.-C.)
| | - Ana-Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (A.F.-C.); (J.A.-B.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Moustafine RI, Viktorova AS, Khutoryanskiy VV. Interpolymer complexes of carbopol® 971 and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline): Physicochemical studies of complexation and formulations for oral drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:53-62. [PMID: 30634031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbopol® 971 and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) form hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes in aqueous solutions and their complexation is strongly dependent on solution pH. This work investigated the complexation between these polymers in aqueous solutions. The compositions of interpolymer complexes as well as the critical pH values of complexation were determined. The structure of these complexes was studied in solutions using transmission electron microscopy and in solid state using elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Solid compacts were prepared based on interpolymer complexes and physical blends of these polymers and their swelling behaviour was studied in aqueous solutions mimicking the fluids present in the gastrointestinal tract. These materials were used to prepare oral formulations of mesalazine and its release from solid matrices was studied in vitro. It was demonstrated that the complexation between Carbopol® 971 and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) has a profound effect on the drug release from matrix tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouslan I Moustafine
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420126 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasiya S Viktorova
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420126 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420126 Kazan, Russian Federation; Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO box 224, Reading RG66AD, United Kingdom.
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Encapsulation of trans-aconitic acid in mucoadhesive microspheres prolongs the anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-induced acute arthritis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:112-120. [PMID: 29627623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
trans-Aconitic acid (TAA) is the main constituent of the leaves from the medicinal plant Echinodorus grandiflorus, used to treat different inflammatory diseases. TAA induces a potent but short-lasting biological response, credited to its high polarity and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Here we developed, characterized and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of mucoadhesive microspheres loaded with TAA. Seven batches of mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by the emulsification/solvent evaporation method, employing different proportions of TAA and Carbopol 934 or/and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. All batches were characterized for their particle medium size, polydispersity index and entrapment percentage. The batch coded F3c showed highest entrapment percentage and was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and zeta potential. The anti-inflammatory activity of F3c was assessed in a model of acute arthritis induced by injection of LPS in the knee joint of Swiss mice. The granulometric analyses indicated heterogeneous size distribution for F3c. SEM characterization indicated microspheres with slightly irregular shape and rough surface. Results from ATR-FTIR and thermal analyses (DSC and TGA) pointed out absence of incompatibility between the components of the formulation; thermal events related to the constituents were isolated and randomly located, suggesting amorphous distribution of TAA in the formulation matrix. The zeta potential of the formulations varied from -30 to -34 mV, which may contribute to good stability. When given orally to mice, F3c induced a prolonged anti-inflammatory response by reducing total cell count and neutrophilic accumulation in the joint cavity even when given 48 and 36 h before the stimulus, respectively, in comparison to free TAA (up to 24 and 6 h, respectively). Therefore, the encapsulation of TAA in mucoadhesive microspheres provided its sustained release, indicating that this drug delivery system is a potential agent to treat inflammatory diseases by regulating cell influx.
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Singh B, Dhiman A. Evaluation of network parameters and drug release behavior of gum acacia-crosslinked-carbopol hydrogel wound dressings. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x16050187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cabana S, Lecona-Vargas CS, Meléndez-Ortiz HI, Contreras-García A, Barbosa S, Taboada P, Magariños B, Bucio E, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Silicone rubber films functionalized with poly(acrylic acid) nanobrushes for immobilization of gold nanoparticles and photothermal therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Obaidat R, Al-Shar'i N, Tashtoush B, Athamneh T. Enhancement of levodopa stability when complexed with β-cyclodextrin in transdermal patches. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 23:986-997. [PMID: 27808002 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2016.1245319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa is a promising candidate for administration via the transdermal route because it exhibits a short plasma half-life and has a small window of absorption in the upper section of the small intestine. The aim of this study was to prepare stable levodopa transdermal patches. Both xanthan gum and Carbopol 971 polymers were selected with ethylcellulose constituting the backing layer of the prepared patches. The effect of adding β-cyclodextrin on the prepared patches was investigated. The uniformity in thickness, weight and content of the studied patches was acceptable. Physicochemical characterization revealed that there was no interaction between levodopa and the applied polymer. The results proved that levodopa precipitated as an amorphous form in carbopol patches. Controlled drug release was achieved for all the tested patches over a 6 h period. However, increased permeation was achieved for the carbopol patches. Although cyclodextrin did not enhance levodopa permeation, the stability study confirmed that levodopa stability was enhanced when complexed with β-cyclodextrin. The cumulative amount of drug released from carbopol patches is slightly higher than that of xanthan patches. The optimal stability was achieved in the carbopol/levodopa:β-cyclodextrin patch. The levodopa-β-cyclodextrin complex was successfully characterized using X-ray diffraction, NMR analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. In conclusion, carbopol/levodopa:β-cyclodextrin patches can be considered as a promising stable and effective transdermal drug-delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Obaidat
- a Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Nizar Al-Shar'i
- a Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | | | - Tamara Athamneh
- a Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
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Yusif RM, Abu Hashim II, Mohamed EA, El Rakhawy MM. Investigation and Evaluation of an in Situ Interpolymer Complex of Carbopol with Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a Matrix for Gastroretentive Tablets of Ranitidine Hydrochloride. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:42-51. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Mohammad Yusif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University
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Patel P, Madan P, Lin S. Formulation and evaluation of time-controlled triple-concentric mefenamic acid tablets for rheumatoid arthritis. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 19:355-62. [PMID: 23611159 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.788514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A triple-concentric time-controlled release mefenamic acid (MA) tablet was developed using Carbopol and Ethocel polymers. The burst dose was programed to release immediately after an ingestion of tablet to be followed by a lag period of 2-4 h, and thereafter an 8 h controlled release of MA from core tablet. Core tablets were prepared using Carbopols 971P, 974P, 71G or 907 at various concentrations. The core tablet provided a controlled release of MA and the release rate decreased with increasing polymer concentration. Highly cross-linked Carbopol 974P released MA at a faster rate compared to release from Carbopol 971P with medium degree of cross-linking. Carbopols 71G and 971P exhibited essentially similar release rates. Carbopol 907, a linear polymer, showed fastest release of MA. The extent of uptake of dissolution medium by core tablets was inversely related to the rate of release of MA from the tablets. Compression coating of core tablet with Ethocel provided the lag period to delay release of MA from core tablet. Increase in lateral coating thickness decreased MA release and increased lag period. Compression forces applied during compression coating with Ethocel for lag period, and immediate-release MA coating for burst release did not affect the integrity of core tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , Queens, NY , USA
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Garcia Cordeiro Tessarolli F, Gomes De Carvalho Queirós Y, Regina Elias Mansur C. Evaluation of pH-sensitive hydrogels to control the permeability anisotropy of oil reservoirs. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yure Gomes De Carvalho Queirós
- Laboratory of Macromolecules and Colloids Applied to Petroleum Production (LMCP); Institute of Macromolecules (IMA); Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); 2030 Horácio Macedo Avenue-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-598 Brazil
| | - Claudia Regina Elias Mansur
- Laboratory of Macromolecules and Colloids Applied to Petroleum Production (LMCP); Institute of Macromolecules (IMA); Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); 2030 Horácio Macedo Avenue-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-598 Brazil
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Muñoz-Muñoz F, Bucio E, Magariños B, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Temperature- and pH-sensitive IPNs grafted onto polyurethane by gamma radiation for antimicrobial drug-eluting insertable devices. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica de Nanomateriales, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Mexico
| | - Emilio Bucio
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica; Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria; 04510 Mexico DF Mexico
| | - Beatriz Magariños
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología CIBUS; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 15782-Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 15782-Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 15782-Santiago de Compostela Spain
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19
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Real DA, Martinez MV, Frattini A, Soazo M, Luque AG, Biasoli MS, Salomon CJ, Olivieri AC, Leonardi D. Design, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of antifungal polymeric films. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:64-73. [PMID: 23225117 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present paper was the development and the full characterization of antifungal films. Econazole nitrate (ECN) was loaded in a polymeric matrix formed by chitosan (CH) and carbopol 971NF (CB). Polyethylene glycol 400 and sorbitol were used as plasticizing agents. The mechanical properties of films were poorer when the drug was loaded, probably because crystals of ENC produces network outages and therefore reduces the polymeric interactions between the polymers. Polymers-ECN and CH-CB interactions were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetry analysis, and differential thermal analysis (DTA-TGA). ECN did not show structure alterations when loaded into the films. In scanning electron microphotographs and atomic force microscopy analysis, films prepared with CB showed an evident wrinkle pattern probably due to the strong interactions between the polymers, which were observed by FTIR and DTA-TGA. The in vitro activity of the formulations against Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis was twice as greater as the commercial cream, probably as a result of the antifungal combination of the drug with the CH activity. All these results suggest that these polymeric films containing ECN are potential candidates in view of alternatives dosages forms for the treatment of the yeast assayed.
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Santoveña A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Llabrés M, Fariña JB. Structural properties of biodegradable polyesters and rheological behaviour of their dispersions and films. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 16:629-41. [PMID: 16001721 DOI: 10.1163/1568562053783768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the dependence of the rheological properties of PLA-PEG and PLGA dispersions and films on the polymer structural properties, in order to obtain useful information to predict and explain the performance of polyester films as drug-delivery systems. In this study, one PLA-PEG and three PLGA polymers of different molecular mass were synthesized and characterized by NMR, GPC, DSC and TGA-FT-IR. To characterize the viscoelastic behaviour of concentrated solutions in dichloromethane and of the films obtained by a solvent-casting technique, oscillatory shear rheometry was used. The polymer dispersions showed a characteristic Newtonian viscous behaviour, but with different consistency index depending on the nature of the polymer. Freshly prepared, PLGA and PLA-PEG films had elastic modulus (G') greater than viscous modulus (G"). The decrease in both moduli caused by an increase in temperature from 25 to 37 degrees C was especially marked for the polymers with T(g) below or around 25 degrees C (PLGA 27 kDa and PLA-PEG 27 kDa). After being immersed in pH 7.4 aqueous solution for one week, PLGA films showed a significant increase in both G' and G", due to the promotion of polymer-polymer interactions in a non-solvent medium. In contrast, the PLA-PEG film became softer and more hydrated, due to the amphiphilic character of the polymer. The water taken up by the film acted as a plasticizer and induced the softening of the system. These results suggest that the presence of PEG chains exerts a strong influence on the mechanical properties of polyesters films and, possibly, the performance as coating or matrices of drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santoveña
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain
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21
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Determination of moisture content in relation to thermal behaviour and plasticization of Eudragit RLPO. Int J Pharm 2012; 422:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Larsson M, Viridén A, Stading M, Larsson A. The influence of HPMC substitution pattern on solid-state properties. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Synthesis and physicochemical evaluation of a new carrier based on an interpolyelectrolyte complex formed by Eudragit® EPO and Carbomer 940. Pharm Chem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-010-0447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Mustafin RI, Kabanova TV, Zhdanova ER, Bukhovets AV, Garipova VR, Nasibullin SF, Kemenova VA. Diffusion-transport properties of a polycomplex matrix system based on eudragit® EPO and Carbomer 940. Pharm Chem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-010-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Sakeer K, Al-Zein H, Hassan I, Martin GP, Nokhodchi A. Use of xanthan and its binary blends with synthetic polymers to design controlled release formulations of buccoadhesive nystatin tablets. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 15:360-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450903246416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Dorożyński PP, Kulinowski P, Mendyk A, Młynarczyk A, Jachowicz R. Novel application of MRI technique combined with flow-through cell dissolution apparatus as supportive discriminatory test for evaluation of controlled release formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:588-97. [PMID: 20352532 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolution studies cannot distinguish phenomena occurring inside the dosage forms when studying formulation with similar dissolution profiles-such formulations can behave differently when considering their physical changes. The application of flow-through dissolution apparatus integrated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system for discriminative evaluation of controlled release dosage forms with similar dissolution profiles was presented. Hydrodynamically balanced systems (HBS) containing L: -dopa and various grades hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses were prepared. The dissolution studies of L: -dopa were performed at high field (4.7 T) MR system with MR-compatible flow-through cell. MRI was done with 0.14 x 0.14 x 1-mm spatial resolution and temporal resolution of 10 min to record changes of HBS parameters during dissolution in 0.1 M HCl. Structural and geometrical changes were evaluated using the following parameters: total area of HBS cross-section, its Feret's diameter, perimeter and circularity, area of hydrogel layer, and "dry core" area. While the dissolution profiles of L: -dopa were similar, the image analysis revealed differences in the structural and geometrical changes of the HBS. The mechanism of drug release from polymeric matrices is a result of synergy of several different phenomena occurring during dissolution and may differ between formulations, yet giving similar dissolution profiles. A multivariate analysis was performed to create a model taking into account dissolution data, data from MRI, information about chemical structure, and polymer viscosity. It provided a single model for all the formulations which was confirmed to be competent. The presented method has merit as a potential Process Analytical Technology tool.
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27
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Super alcohol-absorbent gels of sulfonic acid-contained poly(acrylic acid). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-010-9436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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hGH release from directly compressed hGH-PLGA biodegradable implantable tablets: Influence of physicomechanical factors. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Manjappa A, Nanjwade BK, Manvi F, Murthy R. Sustained ophthalmic in situ gel of ketorolac tromethamine: rheology and in vivo studies. Drug Dev Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Mourtas S, Aggelopoulos CA, Klepetsanis P, Tsakiroglou CD, Antimisiaris SG. Complex hydrogel systems composed of polymers, liposomes, and cyclodextrins: implications of composition on rheological properties and aging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:8480-8488. [PMID: 19496549 DOI: 10.1021/la804305z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rheological properties of complex hydrogels containing different amounts of liposomes and/or cyclodextrin (CD) were evaluated. Sonicated unilamellar vesicles (SUV) were loaded in a hydrogel composed of Carbopol 974 NF and hydroxyethylcellulose (Natrosol 250 HX). Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and hydrogenated-PC (HPC) liposomes, both mixed with cholesterol in a 2:1 lipid/chol mol ratio, were used. In some cases, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin was also added (100 or 400 mg/mL). Gels were incubated at 40 degrees C/75% humidity for 7 days or 1 month to evaluate the effect of aging on their rheological properties. FTIR and DSC studies were performed to investigate possible interactions between the polymers and CD molecules at different CD concentrations. Static and dynamic rheological measurements were carried out. All gels had shear-thinning behavior (fitted well by the Cross model) with the exception of gels containing high concentrations of CD that were transformed into nonflowing elastic sticky solids, especially after aging. The more pronounced elastic behavior of gels containing 400 mg/mL CD is reflected by the higher values of relaxation strengths over all relaxation times. Complete interaction between polymers and CD, in the high-CD-content gels, as proven by FTIR and DSC studies, explains the dominating contribution of CD on gel characteristics. The addition of liposomes to such CD-containing gels has a substantial effect on their rheological properties, which are dependent on the liposome type (HPC/chol liposomes > PC/chol) and the lipid/CD ratio. This is explained by the "neutralization" of some CD molecules that prefer to interact with chol molecules that they extract from the lipid membranes. Gels with a high CD concentration (400 mg/mL) are almost insensitive to aging, whereas all other gels become slightly more elastic and less viscous as aging proceeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Mourtas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26510 Rio, Greece
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Perioli L, Ambrogi V, Pagano C, Scuota S, Rossi C. FG90 chitosan as a new polymer for metronidazole mucoadhesive tablets for vaginal administration. Int J Pharm 2009; 377:120-7. [PMID: 19454304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Topical administration of the antibacterial metronidazole (MET) represents the most common therapy in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV). The formulations generally available for BV therapy are creams, gels, vaginal lavages and vaginal suppositories. In this study, a new dosage form, containing MET, was developed with the aim to realize vaginal mucoadhesive tablets by including bioadhesive polymers as chitosan (FG90C), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK90) and polycarbophil (PCPAA1), blended in different ratios. All formulations were characterized by studies of DSC, friability, hardness, hydration, mucoadhesion, in vitro release and antibacterial activity. All polymer mixtures employed were used to prepare tablets with the compactness and hardness so as allow the application on vaginal mucosa. FG90C performances improved in particular when mixed to PVPK90 (1:1 ratio). This kind of delivery system is suitable for formulating MET for topical application representing a good alternative to traditional dosage forms for vaginal topical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Perioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1 - Perugia, Italy.
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32
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Polypropylene grafted with smart polymers (PNIPAAm/PAAc) for loading and controlled release of vancomycin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70:467-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Silva CL, Pereira JC, Ramalho A, Pais AA, Sousa JJ. Films based on chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes for skin drug delivery: Development and characterization. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Andrews GP, Jones DS, Diak OA, McCoy CP, Watts AB, McGinity JW. The manufacture and characterisation of hot-melt extruded enteric tablets. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 69:264-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Perioli L, Ambrogi V, Giovagnoli S, Blasi P, Mancini A, Ricci M, Rossi C. Influence of compression force on the behavior of mucoadhesive buccal tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:274-81. [PMID: 18446492 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-007-9029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the compression force influence on polymers, tablet behavior and drug release rate. Several tablet batches were produced by varying the compression force and by using hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and Carbopol 940 in the 1:1 ratio as matrix forming polymers. All batches were characterized by DSC and X-ray analyses and in terms of swelling, ex vivo and in vivo mucoadhesive time, ex vivo mucoadhesion force, and in vitro and in vivo release. No significant excipient-excipient or excipient-drug interactions were observed in any of the batches. All the tablets hydrated quickly and their high hydration percentage showed that the compression forces used did not remarkably affect the water penetration and the polymeric chain stretching. Mucoadhesion performances and drug release were mainly influenced by compression force; its increase produced higher ex vivo and in vivo mucoadhesion and the in vitro and in vivo drug releases were seen to decrease with the increase of the compression force. However tablets fabricated by using the lowest compression force showed the best in vivo mucoadhesive time and hydrated faster when compared to the others. Tablets 4 and 5, prepared with the highest forces, caused pain during in vivo application and gave rise to irritation needing to be detached by the volunteers while tablet 1, prepared with the lowest force, gave the best results because it was able to produce the highest drug salivary concentration and no pain. All tablets exhibited an anomalous release mechanism.
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36
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Park SH, Chun MK, Choi HK. Preparation of an extended-release matrix tablet using chitosan/Carbopol interpolymer complex. Int J Pharm 2007; 347:39-44. [PMID: 17662544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2006] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A chitosan and Carbopol interpolymer complex (IPC) was formed using a precipitation method in an acidic solution. The chitosan and Carbopol IPC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and turbidity measurements. FT-IR demonstrated that the IPC formed a complex through an electrostatic interaction between the protonated amine (NH(3)(+)) group of chitosan and the carboxylate (COO(-)) group of Carbopol. DSC indicated the IPC to have different thermal characteristics from chitosan or Carbopol. The turbidity measurement revealed the complexation ratio of IPC between chitosan/Carbopol to be 1/4. A theophylline tablet was prepared using the IPC as a matrix material. The drug release profile from this tablet was similar to that from the HPMC tablet and showed a pH-independent release profile. The mechanisms for drug release from the IPC tablet were diffusional release at pH 6.8 and relaxational release at pH 1.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Park
- BK21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Barreiro-Iglesias R, Bromberg L, Temchenko M, Hatton TA, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A. Pluronic-g-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers as novel excipients for site specific, sustained release tablets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005; 26:374-85. [PMID: 16165345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2005.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Revised: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Potential utility of copolymers comprising Pluronic (PEO-PPO-PEO) surfactants covalently conjugated with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as excipients for sustained-release tablets was explored. Apparent particle density, particle size distribution, Carr index, thermal stability, and compression behavior of the Pluronic-PAA copolymers were characterized. Tablets prepared by direct compression of blends of Pluronic-PAA copolymers were evaluated on the basis of their thermomechanical profile, crushing strength, friability, and drug release properties. Small molecular weight drugs of aqueous solubility decreasing in the order theophylline>hydrochlorothiazide>nitrofurantoin were incorporated to the tablets. For comparison purposes, tablets were also prepared from PAA of Carbopol 71G (C71G), and mixtures of C71G and Pluronic F127, with each of the above three drugs. The Pluronic-PAA aggregates are stabilized by hydrophobic associations between poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) segments in aqueous solutions, and thus require higher ionization of the carboxylic groups to overcome the associations and swell. The swelling pattern of the Pluronic-PAA copolymers is more dramatically pH-dependent than that of Carbopol lacking any hydrophobic associations. The drug retention in and release from the Pluronic-PAA based tablets is profoundly pH-dependent and hence specific to the pH exceeding that of the pK(a)>5 of these copolymers. Theophylline- and hydrochlorotiazide-containing tablets made with Pluronic-PAA copolymers showed a reduced release rate under acidic conditions compared to the neutral or alkaline conditions, while the opposite pattern was observed with the Carbopol-based tablets due to the different pH-dependent swelling behavior of the polymers. Nitrofurantoin-containing tablets showed a remarkably low drug release rate owing to the strong hydrophobic character of nitrofurantoin and of its complexes with the copolymers. Integrity of the nitrofurantoin-containing tablets was maintained during the 24h release test. Zero-order kinetics of the cumulative release profile of all drugs under study was observed with the Pluronic-PAA as a tablet excipient. Adequate mechanical properties, the self-assembling behavior, and the pH-sensitiveness of the Pluronic-PAA copolymers make them promising excipients for tablets with preferential delivery into a neutral to alkaline pH environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Barreiro-Iglesias
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Barreiro-Iglesias R, Bromberg L, Temchenko M, Hatton TA, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Solubilization and stabilization of camptothecin in micellar solutions of pluronic-g-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers. J Control Release 2005; 97:537-49. [PMID: 15212885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The capability of a family of copolymers comprising Pluronic (PEO-PPO-PEO) surfactants covalently conjugated with poly(acrylic acid) (Pluronic-PAA) to enhance the aqueous solubility and stability of the lactone form of camptothecin (CPT) was studied. The unprotected lactone form of CPT, which possesses cytotoxic activity, is rapidly converted to the ring-opened carboxylate form under physiological conditions. Firstly, surfactant properties such as critical micellization concentration (CMC) of Pluronic-PAA copolymers were characterized. Then, the equilibrium solubility partitioning and hydrolysis of the lactone form of CPT in the presence of Pluronic-PAA in water and in human serum were analyzed. CPT solubility in polymer micellar solutions was ca. 3- to 4-fold higher than that in water at pH 5. The amount of CPT solubilized per PPO was considerably greater in the Pluronic-PAA solutions than in the parent Pluronic solution, which suggests that the drug is not only solubilized by the hydrophobic cores and also by the hydrophilic POE-PAA shells of the micelles. The equilibrium partition coefficient of the CPT lactone between Pluronic-PAA solutions and water exceeded (2-3) x 10(3). The complete solubilization of CPT and the absence of chemical interactions between CPT and Pluronic-PAA were confirmed by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC), infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction of films. The loading of CPT into the Pluronic-PAA micelles was able to prevent the hydrolysis of the lactone group of the drug for 2 h at pH 8 in water. When compared to the unprotected CPT, the kinetics of the CPT hydrolysis in human serum was about 10-fold slower in the Pluronic-PAA formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Barreiro-Iglesias
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15872, Spain
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