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Chaparro LM, Neira LF, Molina D, Rivera-Barrera D, Castañeda M, López-Giraldo LJ, Escobar P. Biowaxes from Palm Oil as Promising Candidates for Cosmetic Matrices and Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4402. [PMID: 37374583 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The production of waxes from vegetable oils, such as palm oil, for use as a base material in products for human applications is an alternative to those derived from petroleum and animals. Seven palm oil-derived waxes, called biowaxes (BW1-BW7) in this work, were obtained by catalytic hydrotreating of refined and bleached African palm oil and refined palm kernel oil. They were characterized by three properties: compositional, physicochemical (melting point, penetration value, and pH), and biological (sterility, cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, antioxidant, and irritant). Their morphologies and chemical structures were studied by SEM, FTIR, UV-Vis, and 1H NMR. The BWs presented structures and compositions similar to natural biowaxes (beeswax and carnauba). They had a high concentration of waxy esters (17%-36%) with long alkyl chains (C, 19-26) per carbonyl group, which are related to high melting points (<20-47.9 °C) and low penetration values (2.1-3.8 mm). They also proved to be sterile materials with no cytotoxic, phototoxic, antioxidant, or irritant activity. The biowaxes studied could be used in cosmetic and pharmacological products for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura María Chaparro
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP-UIS), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Laura Fernanda Neira
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP-UIS), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Daniel Molina
- Laboratorio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Diego Rivera-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Maribel Castañeda
- Centro de Innovación y Tecnología-ICP-ECOPETROL S.A, Bogotá 110911, Colombia
| | - Luis Javier López-Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos-CICTA, Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Patricia Escobar
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP-UIS), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
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2
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Loto AM, Morales JMN, Cisneros AB, Coria MS, Tulli F, Morán Vieyra FE, Borsarelli CD. Simple preparation of broadband UV filters based on TiO 2 coated with aqueous extracts of native trees from the Chaco region of Argentina. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:319-331. [PMID: 36269518 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The native forest of northwestern Argentina, as part of the Chaco region, is a rich and unexploited source of phytochemical compounds for medicinal/cosmetic applications. In the present study, fruit, leaf, branch, and bark organs of the native trees Sarcomphalus mistol (Mistol, M) and Schinopsis lorentzii (Quebracho Colorado santiagueño, QC) were harvested, and aqueous plant extracts (PE) were prepared. The spectroscopic (UV-Vis absorbance, diffuse reflectance, ATR-FTIR) and antioxidant (TEAC, Folin-Ciocalteu) properties of PE were characterized and used as TiO2 coating material to obtain a series of TiO2@PE nanocomposites. These materials showed almost null photocatalytic activity compared to aqueous suspensions of bare TiO2, displaying yellowish to brownish coloration and high long-term stability in both freshwater and seawater model solutions. The loss of photocatalytic activity in TiO2@PE was associated with the combination of the internal filter effect and the antioxidant/radical capacity exerted by the phytochemicals of the PE coating, with higher broadband photoprotection for the nanocomposites prepared with QC extracts. Thus, this study shows the potential capacity of the forest resources of the Chaco region of Argentina for the development of new cosmetic and/or sun protection formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba M Loto
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN 9, Km 1125, G4206XCP, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Jesús M N Morales
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN 9, Km 1125, G4206XCP, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Ana B Cisneros
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN 9, Km 1125, G4206XCP, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - M Sumampa Coria
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN 9, Km 1125, G4206XCP, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Tulli
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN 9, Km 1125, G4206XCP, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Faustino E Morán Vieyra
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN 9, Km 1125, G4206XCP, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas (ICQ), Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias, UNSE, Av. Belgrano (S) 1912, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Claudio D Borsarelli
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN 9, Km 1125, G4206XCP, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas (ICQ), Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias, UNSE, Av. Belgrano (S) 1912, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
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3
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Martin N, Wassmur B, Slomberg D, Labille J, Lammel T. Influence of TiO 2 nanocomposite UV filter surface chemistry and their interactions with organic UV filters on uptake and toxicity toward cultured fish gill cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113984. [PMID: 35988383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments have been found to be contaminated with a variety of inorganic and organic UV filters. This includes novel nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite particles, which have been increasingly developed and incorporated into commercial sunscreens in recent years. So far, relatively little is known about the effects of this novel class of UV filters on aquatic life. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the toxicity of three such nanoparticulate TiO2 UV filters with different surface coatings, namely Eusolex® T-Avo (SiO2-coated), T-Lite™ SF (Al(OH)3/PDMS-coated), and Eusolex® T-S (Al2O3/stearic acid-coated) either alone, or in the presence of selected organic UV filters (octinoxate, avobenzone, octocrylene), toward fish using RTgill-W1 cell cultures as an in vitro experimental model. Besides standard exposure protocols, alternative approaches (i.e., exposure to water accommodated fractions (WAFs), hanging-drop exposure) were explored to account for nanoparticle (NP)-specific fate in the medium and obtain additional/complementary information on their toxicity in different conditions. The AlamarBlue, CFDA-AM and Neutral Red Retention (NR) assays were used to measure effects on different cellular endpoints. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine NP uptake. Our results showed that none of the TiO2 NP UV filters were cytotoxic at the concentrations tested (0.1-10 µg/mL; 24 h) but there were differences in their uptake by the cells. Thus, only the hydrophilic T-AVO was detected inside cells, but the hydrophobic T-Lite SF and T-S were not. In addition, our results show that the presence of NPs (or the used dispersant) tended to decrease organic UV filter toxicity. The level of combination effect depended on both NP-type (surface chemistry) and concentration, suggesting that the reduced toxicity resulted from reduced availability of the organic UV filters due to their adsorption to the NP surface. Thus, mixtures of TiO2 NP UV filters and organic UV filters may have a different toxicological profile compared to the single substances, but probably do not pose an increased hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Martin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt Wassmur
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danielle Slomberg
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jérôme Labille
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Tobias Lammel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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4
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Li S, Barnard AS. Safety-by-design using forward and inverse multi-target machine learning. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135033. [PMID: 35618055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The economic and social future of nanotechnology depends on our ability and manufacture nanomaterials that avoid potential toxicity, by identifying them before they are made, used and released into the environment. Safety-by-design is a framework for including these issues at an early stage of the development process, but balancing multiple nanoparticle properties and selection criteria remains challenging. Based on a synthetic data set of over 19,000 possible sunscreen product specifications, we have used multi-target machine learning to predict the corresponding size, shape, concentration and polytype of titania nanoparticle additives. The study considers the optical properties responsible for the sun protection factor and product transparency, including the extinction coefficients for ultra violet and visible light, and the potential for toxicity due to the generation of reactive oxygen species from the photocatalytically active facets of both anatase and rutile nanoparticles, as a function of the size and shape. We predict a number of conventional forward structure/property and property/product relationships, but show that a direct structure/product relationship provides superior performance when predicting multiple properties or product specifications simultaneously. These models are then inverted, re-optimized and re-trained to provide focused, high performing inverse design models that do not require additional optimization, and are capable of identifying nanoparticle configurations outside of the training set. The ability to directly predict suitable nanoparticle structures that conform to prerequisite sun protection, transparently and potential toxicity thresholds represents a new approach to safety-by-design that can be applied to other products and materials where multiple design criteria must be met at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichao Li
- School of Computing, Australian National University, 145 Science Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Amanda S Barnard
- School of Computing, Australian National University, 145 Science Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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5
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Lipid Nanomaterials for Targeted Delivery of Dermocosmetic Ingredients: Advances in Photoprotection and Skin Anti-Aging. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030377. [PMID: 35159721 PMCID: PMC8840400 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the health benefits of the sun, overexposure to solar radiation without proper precautions can cause irreversible damage to exposed skin. In the search for balance between the risks and benefits of exposure to solar radiation in human health, a technological alternative was found, the incorporation of photoprotective products in lipid nanoparticulate systems for topical application. These nanometric systems have demonstrated several advantages when used as adjuvants in photoprotection compared to chemical and/or physical sunscreens alone. The increase in the sun protection factor (SPF), photostability and UV action spectrum are parameters that have benefited from the application of these systems in order to increase the effectiveness and safety of photoprotective formulations containing organic and/or inorganic sunscreens.
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6
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Iyisan B, Simon J, Avlasevich Y, Baluschev S, Mailaender V, Landfester K. Antibody-Functionalized Carnauba Wax Nanoparticles to Target Breast Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:622-629. [PMID: 35014837 PMCID: PMC8864612 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Development of safer
nanomedicines for drug delivery applications
requires immense efforts to improve clinical outcomes. Targeting a
specific cell, biocompatibility and biodegradability are vital properties
of a nanoparticle to fulfill the safety criteria in medical applications.
Herein, we fabricate antibody-functionalized carnauba wax nanoparticles
encapsulated a hydrophobic drug mimetic, which is potentially interesting
for clinical use due to the inert and nontoxic properties of natural
waxes. The nanoparticles are synthesized applying miniemulsion methods
by solidifying molten wax droplets and further evaporating the solvent
from the dispersion. The pH-selective adsorption of antibodies (IgG1,
immunoglobulin G1, and CD340, an antihuman HER2 antibody) onto the
nanoparticle surface is performed for practical and effective functionalization,
which assists to overcome the complexity in chemical modification
of carnauba wax. The adsorption behavior of the antibodies is studied
using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), which gives thermodynamic
parameters including the enthalpy, association constant, and stoichiometry
of the functionalization process. Both antibodies exhibit strong binding
at pH 2.7. The CD340-decorated wax nanoparticles show specific cell
interaction toward BT474 breast cancer cells and retain the targeting
function even after 6 months of storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Iyisan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, 34684 Çengelköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Johanna Simon
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuri Avlasevich
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stanislav Baluschev
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia "Saint Kliment Ohridski", James Bourchier 5, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Volker Mailaender
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Araújo JC, Fangueiro R, Ferreira DP. Protective Multifunctional Fibrous Systems Based on Natural Fibers and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2654. [PMID: 34451193 PMCID: PMC8402111 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an unprecedented increase in the development of products and technologies to protect the human being has been observed. Now, more than ever, the world population is exposed to several threats, harmful to their well-being and health. Chemical and biological hazardous agents stand out as one of the biggest threats, not only for the military forces, but also for the civilians. Consequently, it's essential to develop personal protective systems that are able to protect their user, not only passively, but actively, being able to detect, adsorb, degrade and decontaminate pesticides, pollutants, microorganisms and most importantly: chemical/biological warfare agents. One recent strategy for the development of active fibrous structures with improved functions and new properties is their functionalization with nanoparticles (NPs), especially metal oxides. Although their known effectiveness in the decomposition of harmful agents, the NPs could also include other functionalities in the same structure using low quantities of material, without adding extra weight, which is of huge importance for a soldier in the battlefield. The use of natural fibers as the substrate is also very interesting, since this material is a much sustainable alternative when compared to synthetic ones, also providing excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Araújo
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana P Ferreira
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
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8
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Sorita G, Santamaria-Echart A, Gozzo A, Gonçalves O, Leimann F, Bona E, Manrique Y, Fernandes I, Ferreira I, Barreiro M. Lipid composition optimization in spray congealing technique and testing with curcumin-loaded microparticles. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Tomai T, Tajima N, Kimura M, Yoko A, Seong G, Adschiri T. Solvent accommodation effect on dispersibility of metal oxide nanoparticle with chemisorbed organic shell. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 587:574-580. [PMID: 33250177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The dispersibility of nanoparticles in solvents remains difficult to predict and control. In this paper, the dispersibility of organically-modified nanoparticles in various solvents with different solvent properties and molecular sizes are investigated. The study indicates that solvent molecular size, in addition to the affinity between organic modifier and solvent molecules, affects the dispersibility of the nanoparticles. The experimental results imply that solvents with molecular size small enough can disperse nanoparticles more efficiently. In addition, based on the concept that solvent accommodation induces the enhancement of dispersibility, two approaches to improve nanoparticle dispersibility in desired solvents are proposed. One is the addition of a small amount of solvent with the right size and properties to both penetrate the modifier shell and to act as intermediate between the desired solvent and the organic modifier molecules. The other is dual-molecule modification to create additional space at modifier-shell surface for the penetration of the desired solvent molecules. The results of these approaches based on the concept of the solvent accommodation can enhance the dispersibility trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Tomai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Naoya Tajima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Kimura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Akira Yoko
- WPI - Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Gimyeong Seong
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Adschiri
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; WPI - Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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10
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Medeiros TS, Moreira LMCC, Oliveira TMT, Melo DF, Azevedo EP, Gadelha AEG, Fook MVL, Oshiro-Júnior JA, Damasceno BPGL. Bemotrizinol-Loaded Carnauba Wax-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Sunscreen: Optimization, Characterization, and In vitro Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:288. [PMID: 33073311 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles formed by solid and liquid lipids. In this study, NLC containing an organic UV filter, bemotrizinol, were developed for sunscreen formulation using carnauba wax and caprylic/capric triglycerides through ultrasonication technique. A Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the influence of three variables on the particle size with the purpose of choosing the best system for further characterization. The particle size decreased as the surfactant concentration increased, reaching an average size of 122.4 ± 0.3 nm at 30 days of storage. Scanning electron microscopy showed intact and spherical particles. Thermal analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy suggest that bemotrizinol was incorporated into the NLC. The X-ray diffraction showed a reduction in the crystallinity of the NLC. In vitro analysis indicated an improvement in the photoprotective activity of bemotrizinol when incorporated into NLC. These findings suggest a promising, stable, and biocompatible system.
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11
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12
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Improved Water Repellency and Dimensional Stability of Wood via Impregnation with an Epoxidized Linseed Oil and Carnauba Wax Complex Emulsion. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural wood is susceptible to moisture during its practical use, limiting not only service life but also the range of uses. In this study, plant extracts, specifically linseed oil and carnauba wax (both environmentally friendly and water-repellent substances), were examined as a means to mitigate limitations of natural wood. Stable and homogenous epoxidized linseed oil/carnauba wax emulsions with an average particle size less than 230 nm were used as a modifier to enhance the performance of wood. Weight percentage gain, bulking coefficient, micromorphology, chemical structure, moisture adsorption, contact angle, water repellency, and dimensional stability of treated wood were measured. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was observed that carnauba wax and epoxidized linseed oil acted as a mechanical barrier and could partially cover or block vessels, pits, and wood rays. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of wood increased significantly after emulsion impregnation. However, there was no obvious chemical reaction between epoxidized linseed oil and the main components of wood in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. The combined effect of epoxidized linseed oil and carnauba wax was apparent in both decreased water absorption and dimensional deformation. Poplar wood impregnated with an epoxidized linseed oil/carnauba wax complex emulsion shows potential for improving water-related properties. Thus, the complex emulsion modification can improve the inherent shortcoming of poplar wood effectively.
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13
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Chu CC, Hasan ZABA, Chua SK, Nyam KL. Formulation and Characterization of Novel Nanostructured Lipid Carriers with Photoprotective Properties Made from Carnauba Wax, Beeswax, Pumpkin Seed Oil, and UV Filters. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Chin Chu
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied SciencesUCSI University Kuala Lumpur 56000 Malaysia
| | - Zafarizal Aldrin Bin Azizul Hasan
- Consumer Product Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology DivisionMalaysian Palm Oil Board Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang Selangor 43000 Malaysia
| | - Siaw Kim Chua
- Consumer Product Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology DivisionMalaysian Palm Oil Board Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang Selangor 43000 Malaysia
| | - Kar Lin Nyam
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied SciencesUCSI University Kuala Lumpur 56000 Malaysia
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14
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Teeranachaideekul V, Morakul B, Boonme P, Pornputtapitak W, Junyaprasert V. Effect of Lipid and Oil Compositions on Physicochemical Properties and Photoprotection of Octyl Methoxycinnamate-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC). J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:1627-1639. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prapaporn Boonme
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University
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15
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Daneluti ALM, Neto FM, Ruscinc N, Lopes I, Robles Velasco MV, Do Rosário Matos J, Baby AR, Kalia YN. Using ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 to limit cutaneous penetration and transdermal permeation of organic UV filters. Int J Pharm 2019; 570:118633. [PMID: 31437563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Avobenzone (AVO), oxybenzone (OXY), and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), are widely used UV filters. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of incorporation in mesoporous silica (SBA-15) on their cutaneous deposition and permeation. Stick formulations containing "free" and "incorporated" UV filters (SF1 and SF2, respectively) were prepared and characterized with respect to their physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties. Cutaneous delivery experiments using porcine skin with quantification by UHPLC-MS/MS, demonstrated that skin deposition of AVO and OXY after application of SF2 for 6 and 12 h was significantly lower than that from SF1 at each time-point (Student t-test, p < 0.05): e.g. OXY permeation across the skin was 30-, 12- and 1.5-fold lower after 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively, following application of SF2. Cutaneous biodistribution profiles of AVO and OXY to 800 µm evidenced a significant decrease in the amounts in the viable epidermis and dermis. In contrast, deposition of the more lipophilic OMC was not significantly different (p ˃ 0.05). In vitro photoprotective efficacy results demonstrated that adsorption/entrapment of UV filters enhanced the sun protection factor by 94%. In conclusion, SBA-15, an innovative mesoporous material, increased photoprotection by UV filters while reducing their cutaneous penetration and transdermal permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nádia Ruscinc
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Lopes
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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Paulo BB, Schmiele M, Maximo GJ, Prata AS. Carnauba Wax Particles: Investigation of Dripping and Cold‐Extrusion Processes. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Barbon Paulo
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food EngineeringState University of Campinas 80 Monteiro Lobato Street, 13083‐862, Campinas Brazil
| | - Marcio Schmiele
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food EngineeringState University of Campinas 80 Monteiro Lobato Street, 13083‐862, Campinas Brazil
| | - Guilherme José Maximo
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food EngineeringState University of Campinas 80 Monteiro Lobato Street, 13083‐862, Campinas Brazil
| | - Ana Silvia Prata
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food EngineeringState University of Campinas 80 Monteiro Lobato Street, 13083‐862, Campinas Brazil
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17
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Mohammadpour R, Dobrovolskaia MA, Cheney DL, Greish KF, Ghandehari H. Subchronic and chronic toxicity evaluation of inorganic nanoparticles for delivery applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:112-132. [PMID: 31295521 PMCID: PMC6745262 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles provide the opportunity to localize bioactive agents to the target sites and protect them from degradation. In many cases, acute toxicities of inorganic nanoparticles used for delivery applications have been investigated. However, little information is available regarding the long-term toxicity of such materials. This review focuses on the importance of subchronic and chronic toxicity assessment of inorganic nanoparticles investigated for delivery applications. We have attempted to provide a comprehensive review of the available literature for chronic toxicity assessment of inorganic nanoparticles. Where possible correlations are made between particle composition, physiochemical properties, duration, frequency and route of administration, as well as the sex of animals, with tissue and blood toxicity, immunotoxicity and genotoxicity. A critical gap analysis is provided and important factors that need to be considered for long-term toxicology of inorganic nanoparticles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Mohammadpour
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Darwin L Cheney
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Khaled F Greish
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain; Nanomedicine Research Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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18
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Isothermal Crystallization of iPP in Environment-friendly Diluents: Effect of Binary Diluents and Crystallization Temperature on Crystallization Kinetics. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Suh H, Lewis J, Fong L, Ramseier JY, Carlson K, Peng Z, Yin ES, Saltzman WM, Girardi M. Biodegradable bioadhesive nanoparticle incorporation of broad-spectrum organic sunscreen agents. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4:129-140. [PMID: 30680324 PMCID: PMC6336670 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional emulsion-based sunscreen formulations are limited by postapplication epicutaneous penetration that increases the risk of allergic dermatitis, cellular damage, and filter photodegradation upon ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Encapsulation of the UVB filter padimate O within bioadhesive biodegradable nanoparticles (BNPs) composed of poly(d,l-lactic acid)-hyperbranched polyglycerol was previously shown to enhance UVR protection while preventing skin absorption. Herein, we assess the capacity of BNP co-incorporation of avobenzone and octocrylene to provide broad-spectrum UVR protection. The ratio of UV filters within nanoparticles (NPs) was optimized for filter-filter stabilization upon UV irradiation and maximum drug loading. In vitro water-resistance test showed significant particle retention at 85% over 3 hr. In a pilot clinical study, protection against UVR-induced erythema of BNPs was found to be comparable to the FDA standard P2. Thus, sunscreen formulations utilizing BNP incorporation of a combination of organic filters may offer key safety and performance advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee‐Won Suh
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science55 Prospect Street, New HavenCT06520
| | - Julia Lewis
- Dept. of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine333 Cedar Street, New HavenCT06520
| | - Linda Fong
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science55 Prospect Street, New HavenCT06520
| | - Julie Ying Ramseier
- Dept. of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine333 Cedar Street, New HavenCT06520
| | - Kacie Carlson
- Dept. of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine333 Cedar Street, New HavenCT06520
| | - Zheng‐Hong Peng
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science55 Prospect Street, New HavenCT06520
| | - Emily Sara Yin
- Dept. of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine333 Cedar Street, New HavenCT06520
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science55 Prospect Street, New HavenCT06520
| | - Michael Girardi
- Dept. of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine333 Cedar Street, New HavenCT06520
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20
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Use of Flavonoids and Cinnamates, the Main Photoprotectors with Natural Origin. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2018; 2018:5341487. [PMID: 30622564 PMCID: PMC6304211 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5341487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathological problems are initiated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), such as skin cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. The UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (290–320 nm) wavelengths may cause effects such as photoaging, DNA damage, and a series of cellular alterations. The UVA radiation can damage the DNA, oxidize the lipids, and produce dangerous free radicals, which can cause inflammation, modify the gene expression in response to stress, and weaken the skin immune response. With a minor penetration, the UVB radiation is more harmful, being responsible for immediate damage. Ultraviolet radiation light emitted by the sun is considered necessary for the existence of life but cause radiation problems, especially in the skin. The photoprotective activities of plant extracts and isolated composts were evaluated by many reports, as well as the correlation of these compounds with the antioxidant activity. This review presents plant compounds with interest to the cosmetic industry to be used in sunscreens such as flavonoids and cinnamates.
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21
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Evaluation of the oxidative stability of chia oil-loaded microparticles by thermal, spectroscopic and chemometric methods. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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22
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Liang Y, Zhan J, Liu X, Zhou Z, Zhu W, Liu D, Wang P. Stereoselective metabolism of the UV-filter 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate and its metabolites in rabbits in vivo and vitro. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
.The stereoselective metabolism of the enantiomers of the UV-filter 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDP) and its two major metabolites were studied in rabbits in vivo and in vitro. Cytotoxicity of EDP and its two metabolites was also investigated in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
| | - Jing Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
| | - Xueke Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
| | - Zhiqaing Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
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23
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Nart V, Beringhs AO, França MT, de Espíndola B, Pezzini BR, Stulzer HK. Carnauba wax as a promising excipient in melt granulation targeting the preparation of mini-tablets for sustained release of highly soluble drugs. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:250-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Bae J, Kim S, Kannan K, Buck Louis GM. Couples' urinary concentrations of benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters and the secondary sex ratio. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:28-36. [PMID: 26575635 PMCID: PMC4688162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The secondary sex ratio (SSR), defined as the ratio of males to females at birth, has been investigated in relation to endocrine disruptors to search for environmental toxicants perturbing human sex selection. Benzophenone (BP)-type ultraviolet (UV) filters, which are used in sunscreens and personal care products, have been reported to exert estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities. This study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal, paternal, and couple urinary concentrations of BP-type UV filters and the SSR, given the absence of previous investigation. The study cohort comprised 220 couples who were enrolled in the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment (LIFE) Study between 2005 and 2009 prior to conception and who had a singleton birth during the follow-up period. Couples' urinary concentrations of five BP-type UV filters (ng/mL) were measured using triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry: 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (BP-2), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-8), and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OH-BP). Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) of a male birth for each BP-type UV filter, after adjusting for potential confounders. When maternal and paternal urinary BP-type UV filter concentrations were modeled jointly, both maternal BP-2 (2nd vs 1st tertile, RR, 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.91) and paternal BP-2 (3rd vs 1st tertile, RR, 0.67, 95% CI, 0.45-0.99; p-trend, 0.04) were significantly associated with an excess of female births. Contrarily, maternal 4-OH-BP was significantly associated with an excess of male births (2nd vs 1st tertile, RR, 1.87, 95% CI, 1.27-2.74; 3rd vs 1st tertile, RR, 1.80, 95% CI, 1.13-2.87; p-trend, 0.02). Our findings provide the first evidence suggesting that BP-type UV filters may affect the SSR. However, future corroboration is needed, given the exploratory design of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 33 Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea; Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Sungduk Kim
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.
| | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Rutin nanostructured lipid cosmeceutical preparation with sun protective potential. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Freitas CAS, Vieira ÍGP, Sousa PHM, Muniz CR, Gonzaga MLDC, Guedes MIF. Carnauba wax p-methoxycinnamic diesters: Characterisation, antioxidant activity and simulated gastrointestinal digestion followed by in vitro bioaccessibility. Food Chem 2015; 196:1293-300. [PMID: 26593619 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial biological effects of cinnamic acid derivatives and the lack of studies on the antioxidant activity and bioavailability of cinnamic esters from carnauba wax, diesters were extracted from carnauba wax powder. Their structural, physical and morphological characteristics, antioxidant activity and in vitro bioaccessibility were measured. p-Methoxycinnamic diester (PCO-C) was identified, which has a crystalline, apolar structure and exhibited significant antioxidant activity (107.27 ± 3.92 μM Trolox/g of dry weight) before and after simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and 32.46% bioaccessibility. In human cells, PCO-C (250 μg/mL) inhibited the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, with an effect similar to that of Trolox (80 μM). Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PCO-C had high thermal stability and high UV absorption between 250 and 350 nm. These results indicate that this compound is promising as an antioxidant for pharmaceutical and food industry applications, such as the development of active packaging and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claisa Andréa Silva Freitas
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Humana, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Munguba, (1700), Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.714.903, Brazil.
| | - Ícaro Gusmão Pinto Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Humana, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Munguba, (1700), Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.714.903, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Henrique Machado Sousa
- Instituto de Cultura e Arte, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Mister Hull, 2977, Campus Universitário do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60356-000, Brazil.
| | - Celli Rodrigues Muniz
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra Sara Mesquita, 2270, Planalto do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60511-110, Brazil.
| | - Maria Leônia da Costa Gonzaga
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Mister Hull, 2977, Campus Universitário do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60356-000, Brazil.
| | - Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Humana, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Munguba, (1700), Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.714.903, Brazil.
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de Oliveira DN, Delafiori J, Ferreira MS, Catharino RR. In vitro evaluation of Sun Protection Factor and stability of commercial sunscreens using mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 988:13-9. [PMID: 25743700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight exposure causes several types of injury to humans, especially on the skin; among the most common harmful effects due to ultraviolet (UV) exposure are erythema, pigmentation and lesions in DNA, which may lead to cancer. These long-term effects are minimized with the use of sunscreens, a class of cosmetic products that contains UV filters as the main component in the formulation; such molecules can absorb, reflect or diffuse UV rays, and can be used alone or as a combination to broaden the protection on different wavelengths. Currently, worldwide regulatory agencies define which ingredients and what quantities must be used in each country, and enforce companies to conduct tests that confirm the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and the UVA (Ultraviolet A) factor. Standard SPF determination tests are currently conducted in vivo, using human subjects. In an industrial mindset, apart from economic and ethical reasons, the introduction of an in vitro method emerges as an interesting alternative by reducing risks associated to UV exposure on tests, as well as providing assertive analytical results. The present work aims to describe a novel methodology for SPF determination directly from sunscreen formulations using the previously described cosmetomics platform and mass spectrometry as the analytical methods of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Noin de Oliveira
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, 13083-877 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeany Delafiori
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, 13083-877 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Siqueira Ferreira
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, 13083-877 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, 13083-877 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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Chandraboss VL, Karthikeyan B, Senthilvelan S. Experimental and first-principles investigation of the adsorption and entrapping of guanine with SiO2 clusters of sol–gel silicate material for understanding DNA photodamage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:12100-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A sol–gel silicate matrix containing entrapped guanine was prepared. The SiO2 matrix provides UVA protection by reducing the light penetration to the entrapped guanine molecules.
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29
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Borase HP, Patil CD, Salunkhe RB, Suryawanshi RK, Salunke BK, Patil SV. Phytolatex synthesized gold nanoparticles as novel agent to enhance sun protection factor of commercial sunscreens. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:571-8. [PMID: 25124731 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the potential of phytolatex (latex of Jatropha gossypifolia) fabricated gold nanoparticles as promising candidate in sunscreen formulations for enhancement in sun protection factor. METHODS In this study, plant latex was used as reducing and capping agent to synthesize gold nanoparticles. Latex fabricated gold nanoparticles were characterized by different analytical techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Potential of sunscreen preparations containing gold nanoparticles to protect skin from UV radiation was investigated by in vitro sun protection factor analysis. Transmission electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques were used to get insight into mechanism by which AuNPs enhance sun protection factor of sunscreen. RESULTS Monodisperse gold nanoparticles were synthesized using plant latex without need of hazardous chemical reducing and capping agents. Gold nanoparticles showed surface plasmon resonance peak at 550 nm in UV-Vis spectroscopic study. Gold nanoparticles were spherical and triangular in shape with size range of 30-50 nm. The zeta potential of gold nanoparticles was found to be -9.39 ± 0.19 mV. XRD analysis confirmed face-centred cubic (fcc) structure of gold nanoparticles. Incorporation of latex synthesized gold nanoparticles (2 and 4 [% w/w]) into commercial sunscreens increased the sun protection factor from 2.43 ± 0.74 to 24.11 ± 0.46% than sunscreen devoid of gold nanoparticles. From UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and TEM analysis, it was observed that gold nanoparticles enhance the sun protection factor of commercial sunscreens due to reflection and scattering of UV radiation. CONCLUSION Phytolatex synthesized gold nanoparticle is novel agent to enhance sun protection factor of commercial sunscreens. Gold nanoparticles aggregation in commercial sunscreen was the main factor behind SPF enhancement. This study showed that gold nanoparticles are potent alternative to traditionally used hazardous titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Borase
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, PO Box- 80, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India
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Coumarin 6 as a fluorescent model drug: How to identify properties of lipid colloidal drug delivery systems via fluorescence spectroscopy? EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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31
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Influence of vegetable oil on the synthesis of bioactive nanocarriers with broad spectrum photoprotection. OPEN CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-014-0503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDue to their unique features, most nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) in association with vegetable oils that exhibit UV filtering properties and bioactivity could be used in many cosmetic formulations. Therefore, in this work, a new application of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) in the cosmetic sector was developed, based on the synthesis of bioactive lipid nanocarriers loaded with various UV filters by the hot high pressure homogenization technique. To get broad spectrum photoprotection, different UVA and UVB filters have been used (Avobenzone — AVO, Octocrylen-OCT, Bemotrizinol — BEMT). The influence of the solid lipids combined with PSO on the particle size, physical stability and entrapment efficiency was investigated using 8 nanocarrier systems. An improved physical stability and an appropriate size were obtained for NLCs prepared with Emulgade, carnauba wax and PSO (e.g. −30.9÷-36.9 mV and 160÷185 nm). NLCs showed an entrapment efficiency above 90% and assured slow release rates of UV filters, especially for BEMT (5%). The developed nanocarriers have been formulated into safe and effective sunscreens containing low amounts of synthetic UV filters coupled with a high percent of natural ingredients. The highest SPF of 34.3 was obtained for a cream comprising of 11% PSO and 3.7% BEMT
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Shi LE, Li ZH, Zheng W, Zhao YF, Jin YF, Tang ZX. Synthesis, antibacterial activity, antibacterial mechanism and food applications of ZnO nanoparticles: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:173-86. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.865147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Nikolić S, Gohla S, Müller RH. Lipid nanoparticles: nanocarriers for more effective and safer photoprotective products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/edm.11.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Interaction of Nanoparticles with Lipid Monolayers and Lung Surfactant Films. MEASURING BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF NANOMATERIALS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/11663_2014_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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35
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Controlling solid lipid nanoparticle adhesion by polyelectrolyte multilayer surface modifications. Int J Pharm 2013; 449:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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36
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Gilbert E, Pirot F, Bertholle V, Roussel L, Falson F, Padois K. Commonly used UV filter toxicity on biological functions: review of last decade studies. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:208-19. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Gilbert
- Fonctions normales et pathologiques de la barrière cutanée; Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle; Université de Lyon 1; EA 4169, ISPB, 8, avenue Rockefeller; 69373; Lyon Cedex 08; France
| | | | - V. Bertholle
- Fonctions normales et pathologiques de la barrière cutanée; Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle; Université de Lyon 1; EA 4169, ISPB, 8, avenue Rockefeller; 69373; Lyon Cedex 08; France
| | - L. Roussel
- Fonctions normales et pathologiques de la barrière cutanée; Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle; Université de Lyon 1; EA 4169, ISPB, 8, avenue Rockefeller; 69373; Lyon Cedex 08; France
| | - F. Falson
- Fonctions normales et pathologiques de la barrière cutanée; Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle; Université de Lyon 1; EA 4169, ISPB, 8, avenue Rockefeller; 69373; Lyon Cedex 08; France
| | - K. Padois
- Fonctions normales et pathologiques de la barrière cutanée; Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle; Université de Lyon 1; EA 4169, ISPB, 8, avenue Rockefeller; 69373; Lyon Cedex 08; France
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Oghan F, Eskiizmir G, Unlu H, Cingi C. Nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head and neck: prevention. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2012; 20:515-23. [PMID: 23084302 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The importance and effectiveness of prevention efforts and strategies for skin cancers are reviewed. Topical sunscreens and their proper use are presented. Topical and ingested forms of natural, synthetic, or biologic chemical agents that are potentially efficacious for chemoprevention are listtdldted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Oghan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Dumlupinar University, DPU Merkez Kampus, Kutahya 43270, Turkey.
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Choi N, Tan L, Jang JR, Um YM, Yoo PJ, Choe WS. The interplay of peptide sequence and local structure in TiO2 biomineralization. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 115:20-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Ramkumar KM, Manjula C, Gnanakumar G, Kanjwal MA, Sekar TV, Paulmurugan R, Rajaguru P. Oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by TiO2 nanofibers in HeLa cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:324-33. [PMID: 22446064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are increasingly being used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The high aspect ratio of fibrous nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and TiO(2) nanofibers (TiO(2)NFs), similar to the one used in this study makes them an attractive structural material and has attracted a lot of attention due to their possible negative health effects as suggested by their morphological similarities with asbestos. In the present study, therefore, toxicity of TiO(2)NFs was evaluated in human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells. The TEM and XRD analyses showed that TiO(2)NFs used in this study are pure with uniform diameter of around 200 nm, and their length to width aspect ratio ranged between 5 and 15. Exposure of HeLa cells to TiO(2)NFs induced significant cytotoxicity even at doses as low as 2 μg/ml. The intracellular uptake of TiO(2)NFs in cells was shown by Alizarin Red S (ARS) labeled nanofibers. The mechanism of toxicity is mainly due to the induction of cellular oxidative stress, as revealed by elevated ROS levels, reduced antioxidant levels, and increased lipid peroxidation leading to apoptosis. The cell cycle analysis indicated G(2)/M cell cycle arrest in the cells exposed to TiO(2)NF. TiO(2)NFs treatment to HeLa cells resulted in increased expression of proapoptotic proteins Bax with an increase in cytosolic Cytochrome-C and inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Our results revealed the potential mechanism of cellular effects of TiO(2)NFs.
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Shi L, Shan J, Ju Y, Aikens P, Prud’homme RK. Nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for sunscreen agents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Nikolić S, Keck C, Anselmi C, Müller R. Skin photoprotection improvement: Synergistic interaction between lipid nanoparticles and organic UV filters. Int J Pharm 2011; 414:276-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nesseem D. Formulation of sunscreens with enhancement sun protection factor response based on solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Cosmet Sci 2011; 33:70-9. [PMID: 20704600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) was regarded as new topical delivery systems for pharmaceutical and cosmetic active ingredients. The purpose of this study is to develop carrier systems for organic and inorganic sunscreens based on a matrix composed of carnauba wax and decyl oleate. Formulae (F1-F7) were prepared using butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane and octyl methoxycinnamate as organic components, and titanium dioxide (TiO(2) ) was used as inorganic component. Both types of sunscreens were incorporated into SLN formulations using classical method of preparation. To evaluate the effect of the pigments on the nanoparticles, particle size was measured using Mastersizer particle size analyser. UV-protection abilities of formulations were investigated by the in vitro sun protection factor test (SPF). Further parameters determined were spreadability as well as viscosity. The rheological behaviour of the formulations was also carried out. From the plot of log of shear stress vs. log of shear rate, the slope of the plot representing flow index and ontology of the y-intercept indicating consistency index was calculated. The formulae showed a flow index of 0.2074-0.4005 indicating pseudoplastic flow behaviour. Significant increases in SPF values up to about 50 were reported after the encapsulation by using organic and inorganic filters in Canada wax and decyl oleate. So, SLN could be appropriate vehicles to carry organic and inorganic sunscreens. The rational combination of cinnamates, titanium dioxide and Zinc oxide has shown a synergistic effect to improve the SPF of cosmetic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nesseem
- Pharmaceutics Department, National Organization for Drug Control & Research, Cairo, Egypt.
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Sanad RA, AbdelMalak NS, elBayoomy TS, Badawi AA. Formulation of a novel oxybenzone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1684-94. [PMID: 21107771 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to formulate oxybenzone into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to enhance its sunscreening efficacy and safety. NLCs of oxybenzone were prepared by the solvent diffusion method. A complete 2(3) factorial design was used for the evaluation of the prepared oxybenzone NLCs. The study design involves the investigation of the effect of three independent variables namely liquid lipid type (Miglyol 812 and oleic acid), liquid lipid concentration (15% and 30%), and oxybenzone concentration (5% and 10% with respect to total lipids) on the particle size (p.s.) , the entrapment efficiency (EE%) and the in vitro drug release after 8 h. The prepared NLCs were spherical in overall shape and were below 0.8 microm. Miglyol 812 and 30% liquid lipid were found to significantly decrease the p.s. and increase the EE% when compared to oleic acid and 15% liquid lipid. Increasing oxybenzone concentration increased significantly the p.s. but did not affect the EE%. NLCs prepared using Miglyol 812, 15% liquid lipid, and 10% oxybenzone showed slower drug release when compared to those prepared using oleic acid, 30% liquid lipid, and 5% oxybenzone, respectively. The candidate oxybenzone-loaded NLC dispersion was then formulated into gel. The incorporation of oxybenzone into NLCs greatly increased the in vitro sun protection factor and erythemal UVA protection factor of oxybenzone more than six- and eightfold, respectively, while providing the advantage of overcoming side effects of free oxybenzone as evidenced by very low irritation potential.
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de Araujo TS, de Souza SO, de Sousa EMB. Effect of Zn2+, Fe3+and Cr3+addition to hydroxyapatite for its application as an active constituent of sunscreens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/249/1/012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Durand L, Habran N, Henschel V, Amighi K. Encapsulation of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, a light-sensitive UV filter, in lipid nanoparticles. J Microencapsul 2010; 27:714-25. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2010.513455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mu L, Sprando RL. Application of Nanotechnology in Cosmetics. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1746-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Barnard AS. One-to-one comparison of sunscreen efficacy, aesthetics and potential nanotoxicity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 5:271-274. [PMID: 20208548 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2010.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Numerous reports have described the superior properties of nanoparticles and their diverse range of applications. Issues of toxicity, workplace safety and environmental impact have also been a concern. Here we show a theoretical comparison of how the size of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their concentration in sunscreens can affect efficacy, aesthetics and potential toxicity from free radical production. The simulation results reveal that, unless very small nanoparticles can be shown to be safe, there is no combination of particle size and concentration that will deliver optimal performance in terms of sun protection and aesthetics. Such a theoretical method complements well the experimental approach for identifying these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Barnard
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering Clayton, 3168, Victoria, Australia.
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Gallardo A, Teixidó J, Miralles R, Raga M, Guglietta A, Marquillas F, Sallarès J, Nonell S. Dose-dependent progressive sunscreens. A new strategy for photoprotection? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:530-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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