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Egorova A, Shtykalova S, Maretina M, Freund S, Selutin A, Shved N, Selkov S, Kiselev A. Serum-Resistant Ternary DNA Polyplexes for Suicide Gene Therapy of Uterine Leiomyoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:34. [PMID: 38203202 PMCID: PMC10778803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is a prevalent benign tumor in women that frequently gives rise to a multitude of reproductive complications. The use of suicide gene therapy has been proposed as a highly promising method for treating UL. To achieve successful gene therapy, it is essential to develop carriers that can efficiently transport nucleic acids into targeted cells and tissues. The instability of polyplexes in blood and other biological fluids is a crucial factor to consider when using non-viral carriers. In this study, we present serum-resistant and cRGD-modified DNA complexes for targeted delivery genes to UL cells. Ternary polyplexes were formed by incorporating cystine-cross-linked polyglutamic acid modified with histidine residues. We employed two techniques in the production of cross-linked polyanionic coating: matrix polymerization and oxidative polycondensation. In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties of ternary DNA complexes, including the size and zeta-potential of the nanoparticles. Additionally, we evaluated cellular uptake, toxicity levels, transfection efficiency and specificity in vitro. The study involved introducing the HSV-TK gene into primary UL cells as a form of suicide gene therapy modeling. We have effectively employed ternary peptide-based complexes for gene delivery into the UL organtypic model. By implementing in situ suicide gene therapy, the increase in apoptosis genes expression was detected, providing conclusive evidence of apoptosis occurring in the transfected UL tissues. The results of the study strongly suggest that the developed ternary polyplexes show potential as a valuable tool in the implementation of suicide gene therapy for UL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egorova
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Sofia Shtykalova
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Marianna Maretina
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Svetlana Freund
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Alexander Selutin
- Department of Immunology and Intercellular Interactions, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Natalia Shved
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Sergei Selkov
- Department of Immunology and Intercellular Interactions, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Anton Kiselev
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
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Manning AN, Rowlands CE, Saindon H, Givens BE. Tuning the Emulsion Properties Influences the Size of Poly(Caprolactone) Particles for Drug Delivery Applications. AAPS J 2023; 25:100. [PMID: 37891411 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in drug delivery have been accelerated with the addition of polymeric drug carriers. Direct delivery to a target site is a promising step in developing effective drug and gene therapies to treat disease. The efficacy of these drug carriers heavily relies on cell uptake without compromising critical cellular processes that promote cell viability. Drug release from biodegradable polymers is mediated largely by polymer degradation, and therefore the rate of polymer degradation dictates the feasibility of drug delivery applications. Traditionally, poly(caprolactone) (PCL) has only been used in long-term biomedical applications because the degradation time is much slower than other polymers. However, the biocompatibility of this polymer and the potential for longer delivery windows renders it a promising polymer candidate for drug delivery. In this work, we outline sixteen emulsion solvent evaporation preparation methods for PCL nanoparticles and microparticles to develop particles between 300 nm and 1.7 μm and with zeta potentials of -1.8 mV. We further investigated particles in a size range suitable for systemic tumor delivery and inhaled aerosol delivery to determine cell biocompatibility with the polymer in lung adenocarcinoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma, and human embryonic kidney cells. We determined these particles aren't detrimental to cell viability below particle monolayer coverage atop cells and therefore these formulations hold promise for the next stage of development as sustained-release drug delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashbey N Manning
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, 157 F. Paul Anderson Tower, 512 Administration Dr, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Claire E Rowlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, 157 F. Paul Anderson Tower, 512 Administration Dr, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Hope Saindon
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, 157 F. Paul Anderson Tower, 512 Administration Dr, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Brittany E Givens
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, 157 F. Paul Anderson Tower, 512 Administration Dr, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
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3
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Jiang Z, Sun K, Wu H, Dong W, Ma J, Jiang M. Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Morphosis of Dextran and Its Derivatization with Polyethyleneimine. Molecules 2023; 28:7210. [PMID: 37894689 PMCID: PMC10609354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dextran, a variant of α-glucan with a significant proportion of α-(1,6) bonds, exhibits remarkable solubility in water. Nonetheless, the precipitation of dextran has been observed in injection vials during storage. The present study aimed to establish a technique for generating insoluble dextran and analyze its structural properties. Additionally, the potential for positively ionizing IS-dextran with polyethyleneimine was explored, with the ultimate objective of utilizing IS-dextran-PEI as a promising support for enzyme immobilization. As a result, IS-dextran was obtained by the process of slow evaporation with an average molecular weight of 6555 Da and a yield exceeding 60%. The calculated crystallinity of IS-dextran, which reaches 93.62%, is indicative of its irregular and dense structure, thereby accounting for its water insolubility. Furthermore, positive charge modification of IS-dextran, coupled with the incorporation of epichlorohydrin, resulted in all zeta potentials of IS-dextran-PEIs exceeding 30 mV, making it a promising supporting factor for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiangfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
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Disphanurat W, Sivapornpan N, Srisantithum B, Leelawattanachai J. Efficacy of a triamcinolone acetonide-loaded dissolving microneedle patch for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled split-scar study. Arch Dermatol Res 2022; 315:989-997. [PMID: 36383222 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of hypertrophic scars (HTSs) and keloids remains a challenge. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) is the mainstay treatment for these conditions. Despite its efficacy, TAC has several adverse side effects, including telangiectasias, skin atrophy, pigmentary changes, and skin necrosis. Dissolving microneedles (DMN) use the poke-and-release method to create microchannels that enhance drug delivery to the target tissue in the dermis, without causing pain and with a decreased risk of transmission of blood-borne diseases. To evaluate and compare the efficacy of a TAC-DMN versus a drug-free DMN patch for the treatment of HTSs and keloids, 20 patients (10 with HTSs and 10 with keloids) received a split-scar treatment: one half of the scar length was treated with TAC-DMNs and the other half was treated with drug-free DMN for three sessions at 14-day intervals. Efficacy was assessed by measuring the scar volume through a multispectral imaging system and using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). The HTSs treated with TAC-DMNs showed a significant reduction in the mean scar volume 2 weeks after the second treatment and 1 month after the third treatment (p = 0.028 and 0.020, respectively), while the HTSs treated with drug-free DMNs showed no significant reduction in the scar volume. Both sides of the keloids showed no significant reduction in mean scar volume. Using the POSAS, significant improvement in the appearance of both halves of the HTSs was observed 1 month after the treatments. A significant improvement (evaluated by POSAS) was also observed in the keloids treated with TAC-DMNs 2 weeks after the second treatment and 1 month after the third treatment. No significant improvement was observed from the patients' perspective as evaluated by POSAS in the keloids treated with drug-free DMNs. However, no significant difference was observed between the treatment and control halves. TAC-DMN is an effective treatment for HTSs. Increasing the dosage and duration of keloid scar treatment is required in future studies to determine whether it would result in a significant therapeutic outcome. This trial is registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20220318004; date of registration, March 17, 2022).
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Shayestehfar M, Farahi S, Kheiri Yeganeh Azar B, Memari A, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Faghihi F. Generating Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Via Low-Dose Polyethylenimine-Mediated Transfection: An Optimized Protocol. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:903-916. [PMID: 35984994 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) can be reprogrammed through different strategies to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, most of these strategies require high-cost materials and specific equipment not readily accessible in most laboratories. Hence, liposomal and virus-based techniques can replace with polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated transfection to overcome these challenges. However, few researchers have addressed the PEI's ability to transfect HDFs. This study used PEI reagent to transfer oriP/EBNA1-based vector into HDFs to produce hiPSC lines. We first described conditions allowing the efficient transfection of HDFs with low cytotoxicity and without specific types of equipment and optimized several parameters relevant to the transfection procedure. We then monitored the effect of different N/P ratios on transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity using flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. By the results, we found that transfection efficiency was greatly affected by plasmid DNA concentration, PEI concentration, order of combining reagents, serum presence in polyplexes, and the duration of serum starvations. Moreover, using the optimized condition, we found that the N/P ratio of 3 achieved the highest percentage of HDFs positive for green fluorescent protein plasmid (∼40%) with minimal cell toxicity. We finally generated hiPSCs using the optimized protocol and oriP/EBNA1-based vectors. We confirmed hiPSC formation by characterizing tests: alkaline phosphatase staining, immunocytochemistry assay, real-time PCR analysis, in vitro differentiation into three germ layers, and karyotyping test. In conclusion, our results indicated that 25 kDa branched PEI could efficiently transfect HDFs toward generating hiPSCs via a simple, cost-effective, and optimized condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monir Shayestehfar
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Farahi
- Biotechnology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of medical science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behjat Kheiri Yeganeh Azar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Memari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Faghihi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Soto-Cruz J, Mukwaya V, Naz M, Zhang P, López-Brenes MJ, Sáenz-Arce G, Rojas-Carrillo O, Dou H. Polysaccharide/Lipid Nanoconjugates as Alternative Building Blocks for Highly Biocompatible Microcapsules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9556-9566. [PMID: 35880575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Saccharide/lipid nanoconjugates are attractive building blocks for the construction of micro- and nanosized structures because of the roles of glycolipids in human body, courtesy of their intrinsic and functional properties. Herein, nanoconjugates based on dextran and oleic acid (Dex-OA) were synthesized via facile amide-linkage chemistry. The resultant Dex-OA micelles could self-assemble into spherical water-filled microcapsules via a water-in-oil emulsification process. By cross-linking, the microcapsules could be transferred to aqueous media, forming a stable microcapsule dispersion. According to optical and fluorescence microscopy, the microcapsules displayed a spherical morphology, and their synthesis is dependent on the concentration of Dex-OA nanoconjugates. Furthermore, the microcapsules could easily encapsulate and retain fluorescently labeled dextran. This strategy offers a robust and efficient method for the construction of microcapsules from fully natural amphiphilic building blocks with the potential for application in diverse fields such as biomedicine, protocell research, and microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline Soto-Cruz
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Laboratorio de Polímeros (POLIUNA), School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional, Avenue 1, Street 9, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica
- National Center for Biotechnological Innovations (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, Avenue 35, Street 100, Pavas, San José 10109, Costa Rica
| | - Vincent Mukwaya
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study (ZIAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 799 Dangui Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mehwish Naz
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study (ZIAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 799 Dangui Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study (ZIAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 799 Dangui Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | - Giovanni Sáenz-Arce
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional, Avenue 1, Street 9, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica
| | - Oscar Rojas-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Polímeros (POLIUNA), School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional, Avenue 1, Street 9, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica
| | - Hongjing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study (ZIAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 799 Dangui Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
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Lin M, Lin A, Huang S, Liu T, Ke F, Qiu D, Lin X, Luo D. Development of a novel vector for
siRNA
Delivery based on Arginine Modified Polyvinylamine. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Aizhu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation of Non Human Primate National Health Commission Fuzhou 350013 Fujian China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Fuzhou 350012 Fujian China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Fang Ke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Deshun Qiu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Xuefeng Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Daoshu Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
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Nanoparticle-based delivery strategies of multifaceted immunomodulatory RNA for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 343:564-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sharma D, Arora S, Singh J, Layek B. A review of the tortuous path of nonviral gene delivery and recent progress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2055-2073. [PMID: 34087309 PMCID: PMC8266766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy encompasses the transfer of exogenous genetic materials into the patient's target cells to treat or prevent diseases. Nevertheless, the transfer of genetic material into desired cells is challenging and often requires specialized tools or delivery systems. For the past 40 years, scientists are mainly pursuing various viruses as gene delivery vectors, and the overall progress has been slow and far from the expectation. As an alternative, nonviral vectors have gained substantial attention due to their several advantages, including superior safety profile, enhanced payload capacity, and stealth abilities. Since nonviral vectors encounter multiple extra- and intra-cellular barriers limiting the transfer of genetic payload into the target cell nucleus, we have discussed these barriers in detail for this review. A direct approach, utilizing physical methods like electroporation, sonoporation, gene gun, eliminate the requirement for a specific carrier for gene delivery. In contrast, chemical methods of gene transfer exploit natural or synthetic compounds as carriers to increase cellular targeting and gene therapy effectiveness. We have also emphasized the recent advancements aimed at enhancing the current nonviral approaches. Therefore, in this review, we have focused on discussing the current evolving state of nonviral gene delivery systems and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA.
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Terry TL, Givens BE, Adamcakova-Dodd A, Thorne PS, Rodgers VGJ, Salem AK. Encapsulating Polyethyleneimine-DNA Nanoplexes into PEGylated Biodegradable Microparticles Increases Transgene Expression In Vitro and Reduces Inflammatory Responses In Vivo. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:69. [PMID: 33565009 PMCID: PMC7872112 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulating genetic material into biocompatible polymeric microparticles is a means to improving gene transfection while simultaneously decreasing the tendency for inflammatory responses; and can be advantageous in terms of delivering material directly to the lungs via aerosolization for applications such as vaccinations. In this study, we investigated the advantages of using polymeric microparticles carrying the luciferase reporter gene in increasing transfection efficiency in the readily transfectable HEK293 cell line and the difficult to transfect RAW264.7 cell line. The results indicated that there was a limit to the ratio of nitrogen in polyethylenimine (PEI) to phosphate in DNA (N/P ratio) beyond which further increases in transgene expression no longer, or only marginally, occurred. Microparticles encapsulating PEI:DNA nanoplexes induced cellular toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. PEGylation increased transgene expression, likely related to enhanced degradation of particles. Furthermore, intra-tracheal instillation in rats allowed us to investigate the inflammatory response in the lung as a function of PEGylation, porosity, and size. Porosity did not influence cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the absence of PEG, but in particles containing PEG, non-porous particles recruited fewer inflammatory cells than their porous counterparts. Finally, both 1 μm and 10 μm porous PLA-PEG particles recruited more neutrophils than 4 μm particles. Thus, we have shown that PEGylation and lack of porosity are advantageous for faster release of genetic cargo from microparticles and a reduced inflammatory response, respectively.
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11
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Hu LZ, Wang W, Xu JL, Jia YY, Huan ML, Li C, Zhou SY, Zhang BL. Polyethylenimine-based nanovector grafted with mannitol moieties to achieve effective gene delivery and transfection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:325101. [PMID: 32325436 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8c76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI), a kind of cationic non-viral gene delivery vector, is capable of stable and efficient transgene expression for gene delivery. However, low transfection efficiency in vivo along with high toxicity limited the further application of gene therapy in the clinic. To enhance gene transfection performance and reduce cytotoxicity of polyethylenimine, branched polyethylenimine-derived cationic polymers BPEI25 k-man-S/L/M/H with different grafting degree with mannitol moieties were prepared and the transfection efficiency was evaluated. Among them, BPEI25 k-man-L showed the best transfection efficiency, lower toxicity, and significantly enhanced long-term systemic transgene expression for 96 h in vivo even at a single-dose administration. The results of cellular uptake mechanism and western-blot experiments revealed that the mannitol modification of BPEI25 k induced and up-regulated the phosphorylation of caveolin-1 and thus enhanced the caveolae-mediated cellular uptake. This class of gene delivery system highlights a paradigmatic approach for the development of novel and safe non-viral vectors for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhong Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China. Department of Pharmacy, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
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12
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Abd Elhameed HAH, Ungor D, Igaz N, Gopisetty MK, Kiricsi M, Csapó E, Gyurcsik B. High Molecular Weight Poly(ethylenimine)-Based Water-Soluble Lipopolymer for Transfection of Cancer Cells. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000040. [PMID: 32449312 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, search for novel materials for nucleic acid delivery has prompted a special interest in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, the biological applicability of a water-soluble cationic lipopolymer (WSLP) obtained by the modification of high molecular weight branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) with cholesteryl chloroformate is characterized and assessed for better cellular membrane permeability. To test the delivery efficiency of the produced lipopolymer, plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein and WSLP are mixed at different charge ratios. WSLP and WSLP/pDNA complexes are characterized by dynamic and static light scattering, particle charge detection, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The pDNA loading of WSLP is also verified by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cytotoxicity of PEI, WSLP, and of WSLP/pDNA is evaluated on human A549 and HeLa cells. A remarkable dependence of the toxicity on the dose, cholesterylation, and charge ratio is detected. Transfection is monitored by flow cytometry and by fluorescence microscopy. Importantly, cholesterylation decreases the toxicity of the polymer, while promoting high transfection efficiency in both cell lines. This work indicates a possible optimization mode of the high molecular weight PEI-based WSLP rendering it a promising candidate for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ditta Ungor
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Nóra Igaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Mohana Krishna Gopisetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Edit Csapó
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.,Faculty of Medicine, MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Béla Gyurcsik
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
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13
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Thomas TJ, Tajmir-Riahi HA, Pillai CKS. Biodegradable Polymers for Gene Delivery. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203744. [PMID: 31627389 PMCID: PMC6832905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular transport process of DNA is hampered by cell membrane barriers, and hence, a delivery vehicle is essential for realizing the potential benefits of gene therapy to combat a variety of genetic diseases. Virus-based vehicles are effective, although immunogenicity, toxicity and cancer formation are among the major limitations of this approach. Cationic polymers, such as polyethyleneimine are capable of condensing DNA to nanoparticles and facilitate gene delivery. Lack of biodegradation of polymeric gene delivery vehicles poses significant toxicity because of the accumulation of polymers in the tissue. Many attempts have been made to develop biodegradable polymers for gene delivery by modifying existing polymers and/or using natural biodegradable polymers. This review summarizes mechanistic aspects of gene delivery and the development of biodegradable polymers for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, KTL N102, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | | | - C K S Pillai
- Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physics, University of Québec in Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
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14
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Optimization of miRNA delivery by using a polymeric conjugate based on deoxycholic acid-modified polyethylenimine. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:391-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Xing H, Lu M, Yang T, Liu H, Sun Y, Zhao X, Xu H, Yang L, Ding P. Structure-function relationships of nonviral gene vectors: Lessons from antimicrobial polymers. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:15-40. [PMID: 30590184 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, substantial advances have been achieved in the design and synthesis of nonviral gene vectors. However, lack of effective and biocompatible vectors still remains a major challenge that hinders their application in clinical settings. In the past decade, there has been a rapid expansion of cationic antimicrobial polymers, due to their potent, rapid, and broad-spectrum biocidal activity against resistant microbes, and biocompatible features. Given that antimicrobial polymers share common features with nonviral gene vectors in various aspects, such as membrane affinity, functional groups, physicochemical characteristics, and unique macromolecular architectures, these polymers may provide us with inspirations to overcome challenges in the design of novel vectors toward more safe and efficient gene delivery in clinic. Building off these observations, we provide here an overview of the structure-function relationships of polymers for both antimicrobial applications and gene delivery by elaborating some key structural parameters, including functional groups, charge density, hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, MW, and macromolecular architectures. By borrowing a leaf from antimicrobial agents, great advancement in the development of newer nonviral gene vectors with high transfection efficiency and biocompatibility will be more promising. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of gene delivery is still in the preclinical stage for the lack of effective and biocompatible vectors. Given that antimicrobial polymers share common features with gene vectors in various aspects, such as membrane affinity, functional groups, physicochemical characteristics, and unique macromolecular architectures, these polymers may provide us with inspirations to overcome challenges in the design of novel vectors toward more safe and efficient gene delivery in clinic. In this review, we systematically summarized the structure-function relationships of antimicrobial polymers and gene vectors, with which the design of more advanced nonviral gene vectors is anticipated to be further boosted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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16
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Wang M, Xue H, Gao M, Wang Q, Yang H. Synthetic fluorinated polyamides as efficient gene vectors. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2132-2139. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- Xinxiang Medical University; Jinsui Avenue 601, Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Han Xue
- Xinxiang Medical University; Jinsui Avenue 601, Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Min Gao
- Lianyungang Technical College; Chenguang Road 2, Lianyungang 222000 China
| | - Qingli Wang
- Jinyuan Mineral Co. Ltd; Lingbao 472500 China
| | - Haijie Yang
- Xinxiang Medical University; Jinsui Avenue 601, Xinxiang 453003 China
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17
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Terry TL, Givens BE, Rodgers VGJ, Salem AK. Tunable Properties of Poly-DL-Lactide-Monomethoxypolyethylene Glycol Porous Microparticles for Sustained Release of Polyethylenimine-DNA Polyplexes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:23. [PMID: 30604270 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct pulmonary delivery is a promising step in developing effective gene therapies for respiratory disease. Gene therapies can be used to treat the root cause of diseases, rather than just the symptoms. However, developing effective therapies that do not cause toxicity and that successfully reach the target site at therapeutic levels is challenging. We have developed a polymer-DNA complex utilizing polyethylene imine (PEI) and DNA, which was then encapsulated into poly(lactic acid)-co-monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-mPEG) microparticles via double emulsion, solvent evaporation. Then, the resultant particle size, porosity, and encapsulation efficiency were measured as a function of altering preparation parameters. Microsphere formation was confirmed from scanning electron micrographs and the aerodynamic particle diameter was measured using an aerodynamic particle sizer. Several formulations produced particles with aerodynamic diameters in the 0-5 μm range despite having larger particle diameters which is indicative of porous particles. Furthermore, these aerodynamic diameters correspond to high deposition within the airways when inhaled and the measured DNA content indicated high encapsulation efficiency. Thus, this formulation provides promise for developing inhalable gene therapies.
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18
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Hu B, Pei F, Sun X, Liang Y, He Z, Zhang L, Li J. Fabrication of supramolecular hyperbranched polyamidoamine–dextran conjugates and their self-assembly in the presence of EGCG. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04162h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular hyperbranched conjugate, HPAM–Dex, was prepared and it could self-assemble into size-controllable micelles in the presence of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshen Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Fanfan Pei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Zhiyong He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
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19
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Caroline Diana SM, Rekha M. Efficacy of vinyl imidazole grafted cationized pullulan and dextran as gene delivery vectors: A comparative study. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:947-955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Trivedi JS, Bera A, Jewrajka SK. Alkyl amine functional dextran macromonomer-based thin film composite loose nanofiltration membranes for separation of charged and neutral solutes. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaladhi S. Trivedi
- Reverse Osmosis Membrane Division; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg; Bhavnagar Gujarat 364002 India
| | - Anupam Bera
- Reverse Osmosis Membrane Division; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg; Bhavnagar Gujarat 364002 India
| | - Suresh K. Jewrajka
- Reverse Osmosis Membrane Division; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg; Bhavnagar Gujarat 364002 India
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21
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Hu LZ, Wan N, Ma XX, Jing ZW, Zhang YX, Li C, Zhou SY, Zhang BL. Enhanced gene transfection performance and biocompatibility of polyethylenimine through pseudopolyrotaxane formation with α-cyclodextrin. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:125102. [PMID: 28163261 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5e56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI), a commercially available gene transfection reagent, is a promising nonviral vector due to its inherent ability to efficiently condense genetic materials and its successful transfection performance in vitro. However, its low transfection efficiency in vivo, along with its high cytotoxicity, limit any further applications in gene therapy. To enhance the gene transfection performance and reduce the cytotoxicity of linear polyethylenimine, pseudopolyrotaxane PEI25k/CD and the polyrotaxanes PEI25k/CD-PA and PEI25k/CD-PB were prepared and their transfection efficiencies were then evaluated. The pseudopolyrotaxane PEI25k/CD exhibited better transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than the transfection reagent linear PEI25k, even in the presence of serum. It also showed a remarkably higher cell viability, similar DNA protecting capability, and better DNA decondensation and release ability, and could be useful for the development of novel and safe nonviral gene delivery vectors for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhong Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
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22
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Forcato DO, Fili AE, Alustiza FE, Lázaro Martínez JM, Bongiovanni Abel S, Olmos Nicotra MF, Alessio AP, Rodríguez N, Barbero C, Bosch P. Transfection of bovine fetal fibroblast with polyethylenimine (PEI) nanoparticles: effect of particle size and presence of fetal bovine serum on transgene delivery and cytotoxicity. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:655-665. [PMID: 28321779 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient transfection protocols for livestock cells is crucial for implementation of cell-based transgenic methods to produce genetically modified animals. We synthetized fully deacylated linear 22, 87 and 217 kDa polyethylenimine (PEI) nanoparticles and compared their transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity to commercial branched 25 kDa PEI and linear 58 kDa poly(allylamine) hydrochloride. We studied the effect of PEI size and presence of serum on transfection efficiency on primary cultures of bovine fetal fibroblasts and established cells lines (HEK 293 and Hep G2). We found that transfection efficiency was affected mainly by polymer/pDNA ratio and DNA concentration and in less extent by PEI MW. In bovine fibroblast, preincubation of PEI nanoparticles with fetal bovine serum (FBS) greatly increased percentage of cells expressing the transgene (up to 82%) while significantly decreased the polymer cytotoxic effect. 87 and 217 kDa PEI rendered the highest transfection rates in HEK 293 and Hep G2 cell lines (>50% transfected cells) with minimal cell toxicity. In conclusion, our results indicate that fully deacylated PEI of 87 and 217 kDa are useful DNA vehicles for non-viral transfection of primary cultures of bovine fetal fibroblast and HEK 293 and Hep G2 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Forcato
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A E Fili
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F E Alustiza
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Chemistry, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J M Lázaro Martínez
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,IQUIFIB-FFyB, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Bongiovanni Abel
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Chemistry, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M F Olmos Nicotra
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A P Alessio
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Barbero
- Department of Chemistry, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P Bosch
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. .,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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23
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Degradable Polyethylenimine-Based Gene Carriers for Cancer Therapy. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:34. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Hussain A, Zia KM, Tabasum S, Noreen A, Ali M, Iqbal R, Zuber M. Blends and composites of exopolysaccharides; properties and applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:10-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Propoxylation of cationic polymers provides a novel approach to controllable modulation of their cellular toxicity and interaction with nucleic acids. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:60-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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26
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Pandey AP, Sawant KK. Polyethylenimine: A versatile, multifunctional non-viral vector for nucleic acid delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:904-918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Ariaee FM, Hashemi M, Farzad SA, Abnous K, Ramezani M. Alkyl cross-linked low molecular weight polypropyleneimine dendrimers as efficient gene delivery vectors. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:1096-1104. [PMID: 27872706 PMCID: PMC5110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In recent years, polypropyleneimine (PPI) dendrimers have attracted great interest as non-viral gene delivery systems because of their attractive features including highly branched architecture with number of reactive end groups. However, without being structurally modified, they are not efficient gene carriers. In the present study, generation 2 and 3 (G2 and G3) of PPI dendrimers were conjugated with alkylcarboxylate groups as linker to enhance the transfection efficiency while maintaining their low cell toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, 10-bromodecanoic acid was covalently attached to all available surface primary amines of PPI G2 and G3 to increase their lipophilicity. In the subsequent step, PPIs were conjugated to the alkylcarboxylate groups of alkylcarboxylate-PPI derivatives to increase the number of surface primary amines. Physicochemical properties of modified PPIs were determined. Transfection experiments (using both luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP)- expressing plasmids) and cytotoxicity assay were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the final derivatives. RESULTS Fabricated vectors condensed DNA effectively so that polyplexes with appropriate size (below 155 nm) and positive surface charge were constructed. Cross-linked low molecular weight PPIs (G2 or G3) with decanoate linkage increased transfection efficiency significantly while maintaining the low cytotoxicity. PPI G2 derivative exhibited increased buffering capacity which is believed to be responsible for better proton sponge mechanism leading to higher transfection efficiency. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that oligomerization of low molecular weight PPI (PPI G2-alkyl-PPI G2 conjugate) could be an approach to increase the transfection efficiency and to lower the cytotoxicity of low molecular weight polycations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Moghadam Ariaee
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Amel Farzad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Mohammad Ramezani. Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-38823255; Fax: +98- 51-3823251;
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28
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Namvar A, Bolhassani A, Khairkhah N, Motevalli F. Physicochemical properties of polymers: An important system to overcome the cell barriers in gene transfection. Biopolymers 2016; 103:363-75. [PMID: 25761628 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of the macromolecules including DNA, miRNA, and antisense oligonucleotides is typically mediated by carriers due to the large size and negative charge. Different physical (e.g., gene gun or electroporation), and chemical (e.g., cationic polymer or lipid) vectors have been already used to improve the efficiency of gene transfer. Polymer-based DNA delivery systems have attracted special interest, in particular via intravenous injection with many intra- and extracellular barriers. The recent progress has shown that stimuli-responsive polymers entitled as multifunctional nucleic acid vehicles can act to target specific cells. These nonviral carriers are classified by the type of stimulus including reduction potential, pH, and temperature. Generally, the physicochemical characterization of DNA-polymer complexes is critical to enhance the transfection potency via protection of DNA from nuclease digestion, endosomal escape, and nuclear localization. The successful clinical applications will depend on an exact insight of barriers in gene delivery and development of carriers overcoming these barriers. Consequently, improvement of novel cationic polymers with low toxicity and effective for biomedical use has attracted a great attention in gene therapy. This article summarizes the main physicochemical and biological properties of polyplexes describing their gene transfection behavior, in vitro and in vivo. In this line, the relative efficiencies of various cationic polymers are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Namvar
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Yu Y, Hu Y, Li X, Liu Y, Li M, Yang J, Sheng W. Spermine-modified Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin as a gene delivery carrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1013-23. [PMID: 27042056 PMCID: PMC4798211 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s82023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a novel cationized polymer used as a gene delivery carrier that can conveniently and effectively transfect cells resulting in a stably expressed target gene remains a challenge. Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (ASF) is a cytocompatible and biodegradable natural polymer, and it possesses Arg-Gly-Asp sequences but a negative charge. In order to render ASF amenable to packaging plasmid DNA (pDNA), spermine was used to modify ASF to synthesize cationized ASF (CASF), which was used as a gene delivery carrier. CASF was characterized using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid assay, the zeta potential determination, and a Fourier transform infrared analysis, and the results of these characterizations indicated that the -NH2 in spermine effectively reacts with the -COOH in the side chains of ASF. Spermine grafted to the side chains of ASF resulted in the conversion of the negative charge of ASF to a positive charge. CASF packaged pDNA and formed CASF/pDNA complexes, which exhibited spherical morphology with average particle sizes of 215-281 nm and zeta potential of approximately +3.0 mV to +3.2 mV. The results of the MTT assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and flow cytometry analysis in a human endothelial cell line revealed that CASF/pDNA complexes exhibited lower cytotoxicity and higher transfection efficiency compared to the pDNA complexes of polyethyleneimine. These results indicate that our synthesized CASF, a cationized polymer, is a potential gene delivery carrier with the advantages of biodegradability and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongpei Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Yang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Institute, College of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Sheng
- Cell and Molecular Biology Institute, College of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Cui PF, Zhuang WR, Qiao JB, Zhang JL, He YJ, Luo CQ, Jin QR, Xing L, Jiang HL. Histone-inspired biomimetic polymeric gene vehicles with excellent biocompatibility and enhanced transfection efficacy. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01703g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone-inspired biomimetic polymeric gene vectors show great biocompatibility and enhanced transfection efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Wan-Ru Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jian-Bin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jia-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yu-Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Cheng-Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Qing-Ri Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Zhejiang A&F University
- Lin'an
- China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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31
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Bera A, Jewrajka SK. Tailoring polyamide thin film composite nanofiltration membranes by polyethyleneimine and its conjugates for the enhancement of selectivity and antifouling property. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21941h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post modification of poly(piperazineamide) membrane with polyethyleneimine conjugates provides membranes with novel properties such as high monovalent to divalent ion selectivity and improved antifouling properties, suitable for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bera
- Reverse Osmosis Membrane Division
- AcSIR
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - Suresh K. Jewrajka
- Reverse Osmosis Membrane Division
- AcSIR
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar
- India
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32
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Wongrakpanich A, Wu M, Salem AK. Correlating intracellular nonviral polyplex localization with transfection efficiency using high-content screening. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1685-92. [PMID: 26193826 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High-content screening (HCS) has gained interest in cellular imaging because of its ability to provide statistically significant data from multiple parameters simultaneously in cell-based assays. Although HCS has been mainly used in drug discovery, it has other potentially useful applications, such as elucidating the processes involved in nonviral gene vector-mediated gene delivery, as was explored in this study. HCS was used to measure transfection efficiency and cytotoxicities of polyplexes made from fluorescently labeled polyethylenimine (PEI) and pDNA encoding EGFP (pEGFP-N1). The results generated using HCS were confirmed using more conventional and labor-intensive methods. For the first time, a relationship between transfected cells and the number of polyplexes in the cytoplasm was shown. Four to five polyplex signals were found in the cytoplasm of successfully transfected cells, whilst nontransfected cells harbored less than one polyplex signal within the cytoplasm. HCS has the potential to be used as a tool in the field of gene delivery. HCS can not only simultaneously measure transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of various nonviral gene vectors; it can also be used to track such vectors through various subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaraporn Wongrakpanich
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241
| | - Meng Wu
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241.,The University of Iowa, High Throughput Screening Facility (UIHTS), College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241
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33
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Lee MS, Kim NW, Lee JE, Lim DW, Suh W, Kim HT, Park JW, Jeong JH. Micelle-templated dendritic gold nanoparticles for enhanced cellular delivery of siRNA. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Kong Y, Li W, Mao Q, Wang Y. Development of Supramolecular Pseudo-Block Conjugates Based on Star-Shaped Polycation for DNA Delivery. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Qianying Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Youxiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
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35
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Abstract
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The massive amount of human genetic
information already available
has accelerated the identification of target genes, making gene and
nucleic acid therapy the next generation of medicine. Nanoparticle
(NP)-based anticancer gene therapy treatment has received significant
interest in this evolving field. Recent advances in vector technology
have improved gene transfection efficiencies of nonviral vectors to
a level similar to viruses. This review serves as an introduction
to surface modifications of NPs based on polymeric structural improvements
and target moieties. A discussion regarding the future perspective
of multifunctional NPs in cancer therapy is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University , Jinan 250012, China
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36
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Jain S, Kumar S, Agrawal AK, Thanki K, Banerjee UC. Hyaluronic acid–PEI–cyclodextrin polyplexes: implications for in vitro and in vivo transfection efficiency and toxicity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03283k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reveals novel HA–PEI–CyD polyplexes as non-viral vectors for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - S. Kumar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - A. K. Agrawal
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - K. Thanki
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - U. C. Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
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37
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Dextran-graft-linear poly(ethylene imine)s for gene delivery: Importance of the linking strategy. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 113:597-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Islam MA, Park T, Singh B, Maharjan S, Firdous J, Cho MH, Kang SK, Yun CH, Choi Y, Cho CS. Major degradable polycations as carriers for DNA and siRNA. J Control Release 2014; 193:74-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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39
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Storage stability of optimal liposome-polyethylenimine complexes (lipopolyplexes) for DNA or siRNA delivery. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2663-73. [PMID: 24590163 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of nucleic acids such as DNA or siRNA still represents a major hurdle, especially with regard to possible therapeutic applications in vivo. Much attention has been focused on the development of non-viral gene delivery vectors, including liposomes or cationic polymers. Among them, polyethylenimines (PEIs) have been widely explored for the delivery of nucleic acids and show promising results. The combination of cationic polymers and liposomes (lipopolyplexes) for gene delivery may further improve their efficacy and biocompatibility, by combining the favourable properties of lipid systems (high stability, efficient cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity) and PEIs (nucleic acid condensation, facilitated endosomal release). In this study, we systematically analyse various conditions for the preparation of liposome-polyethylenimine-based lipopolyplexes with regard to biological activity (DNA transfection efficacy, siRNA knockdown efficacy) and physicochemical properties (size, zeta potential, stability). This includes the exploration of lipopolyplex compositions containing different liposomes and different relevant branched or linear low-molecular-weight PEIs. We establish optimal parameters for lipopolyplex generation, based on various PEIs, N/P ratios, lipids, lipid/PEI ratios and preparation conditions. Importantly, we also demonstrate that certain lipopolyplexes retain their biological activity and physicochemical integrity upon prolonged storage, even at 37°C and/or in the presence of serum, thus providing formulations with considerably higher stability as compared to polyplexes. In conclusion, we establish optimal liposome-polyethylenimine lipopolyplexes that allow storage under ambient conditions. This is the basis and an essential prerequisite for novel, promising and easy-to-handle formulations for possible therapeutic applications.
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40
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Ma C, Lv L, Liu Y, Yu Y, You R, Yang J, Li M. Antheraea pernyi
silk fibroin for targeted gene delivery of VEGF165-Ang-1 with PEI. Biomed Mater 2014; 9:035015. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/9/3/035015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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41
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Tang Q, Cao B, Lei X, Sun B, Zhang Y, Cheng G. Dextran-peptide hybrid for efficient gene delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5202-5208. [PMID: 24786753 DOI: 10.1021/la500905z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has drawn significant interest in the past two decades since it provides a promising strategy to treat both genetic disorders and acquired diseases. However, the transfer of gene therapy to clinical applications is troubled with many difficulties, since many current systems are of toxicity, low transfection efficiency and low biodegradability. To address these challenges, we developed a dextran-peptide hybrid system as a safe and efficient vector for gene therapy and investigated the structure-function-cytotoxicity relationship of this dextran-peptide hybrid system. Dextrans (Dex10, Dex20, and Dex70) with different molecular weights (10, 20 and 70 kDa) were conjugated with a cationic peptide, R5H5, at various degrees of substitution. Gene expression and cytotoxicity mediated by this delivery system were evaluated against SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma cells and compared to 25 kDa branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI). The results showed that Dex10-R5H5 and Dex20-R5H5 hybrids derived from low molecular weight dextrans induced higher gene expression and lower cytotoxicity than Dex70-R5H5 hybrid from higher molecular weight dextran. The best performance on gene expression was achieved by Dex10-R5H5 at 40% substitution of R5H5, which induced greater gene expression than PEI at a low N/P ratio of 5. Dex10-R5H5/DNA complexes at 40% substitution of R5H5 also showed much higher cell viability (93%) than PEI/DNA (66%) at the same N/P ratio. These results indicate that the Dex-R5H5 hybrid with the low molecular weight of dextran and the high degree of substitution of R5H5 is a very promising material for safe and efficient gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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42
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Adolph EJ, Nelson CE, Werfel TA, Guo R, Davidson JM, Guelcher SA, Duvall CL. Enhanced Performance of Plasmid DNA Polyplexes Stabilized by a Combination of Core Hydrophobicity and Surface PEGylation. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8154-8164. [PMID: 25530856 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00352g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonviral gene therapy has high potential for safely promoting tissue restoration and for treating various genetic diseases. One current limitation is that conventional transfection reagents such as polyethylenimine (PEI) form electrostatically stabilized plasmid DNA (pDNA) polyplexes with poor colloidal stability. In this study, a library of poly(ethylene glycol-b-(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate)) [poly(EG-b-(DMAEMA-co-BMA))] polymers were synthesized and screened for improved colloidal stability and nucleic acid transfection following lyophilization. When added to pDNA in the appropriate pH buffer, the DMAEMA moieties initiate formation of electrostatic polyplexes that are internally stabilized by hydrophobic interactions of the core BMA blocks and sterically stabilized against aggregation by a PEG corona. The BMA content was varied from 0% to 60% in the second polymer block in order to optimally tune the balance of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions in the polyplex core, and polymers with 40 and 50 mol% BMA achieved the highest transfection efficiency. Diblock copolymers were more stable than PEI in physiologic buffers. Consequently, diblock copolymer polyplexes aggregated more slowly and followed a reaction-limited colloidal aggregation model, while fast aggregation of PEI polyplexes was governed by a diffusion-limited model. Polymers with 40% BMA did not aggregate significantly after lyophilization and produced up to 20-fold higher transfection efficiency than PEI polyplexes both before and after lyophilization. Furthermore, poly(EG-b-(DMAEMA-co-BMA)) polyplexes exhibited pH-dependent membrane disruption in a red blood cell hemolysis assay and endosomal escape as observed by confocal microscopy.Lyophilized polyplexes made with the lead candidate diblock copolymer (40% BMA) also successfully transfected cells in vitro following incorporation into gas-foamed polymeric scaffolds. In summary, the enhanced colloidal stability, endosomal escape, and resultant high transfection efficiency of poly(EG-b-(DMAEMA-co-BMA))-pDNA polyplexes underscores their potential utility both for local delivery from scaffolds as well as systemic, intravenous delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Adolph
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Thomas A Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Ruijing Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey M Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN ; Research Service, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Scott A Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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43
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Gutsch D, Appelhans D, Höbel S, Voit B, Aigner A. Biocompatibility and Efficacy of Oligomaltose-Grafted Poly(ethylene imine)s (OM-PEIs) for in Vivo Gene Delivery. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4666-75. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400479g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gutsch
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute
for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabrina Höbel
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute
for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Organische
Chemie der Polymere, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute
for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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44
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Cao D, Qin L, Huang H, Feng M, Pan S, Chen J. Transfection activity and the mechanism of pDNA-complexes based on the hybrid of low-generation PAMAM and branched PEI-1.8k. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:3175-86. [PMID: 24126459 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70261h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have been regarded as promising non-viral gene carriers because of their advantages over viral gene vectors, such as low cost, a high level of safety and easy manipulation. However, their poor transfection efficiency in the presence of serum and high toxicity are still limiting issues for clinical applications. In addition, the lack of adequate understanding of the gene delivery mechanism hinders their development to some extent. In this study, new polycations (PAPEs) consisting of a low generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) core and branched polyethyleneimine (PEI-1.8k) outer layers were synthesized and their transfection activity and mechanism were studied. PAPEs were characterized by FTIR, (1)H NMR and gel permeation chromatography. PAPEs were able to self-assemble with pDNA and form spherical nanoparticles with sizes of 70-204 nm and zeta potentials of 13-33 mV. Importantly, the PAPE-pDNA complexes displayed lower cytotoxicity and higher transfection activity than PEI 25k in various cell lines, specifically in the presence of serum. The transfection mechanism was evaluated by endocytosis inhibition with specific inhibitors, time-dependent transfection, and intracellular trafficking inspection by CLSM. The high levels of transgene expression mediated by PAPEs were attributed to caveolae-mediated cellular uptake, the reduced entry into lysosomes and the entry into the nucleus through mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanwen Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, and Cardiovascular Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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45
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Raemdonck K, Martens TF, Braeckmans K, Demeester J, De Smedt SC. Polysaccharide-based nucleic acid nanoformulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1123-47. [PMID: 23680381 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic application of nucleic acids requires their encapsulation in nanosized carriers that enable safe and efficient intracellular delivery. Before the desired site of action is reached, drug-loaded nanoparticles (nanomedicines) encounter numerous extra- and intracellular barriers. Judicious nanocarrier design is highly needed to stimulate nucleic acid delivery across these barriers and maximize the therapeutic benefit. Natural polysaccharides are widely used for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to their inherent biocompatibility. At present, there is a growing interest in applying these biopolymers for the development of nanomedicines. This review highlights various polysaccharides and their derivatives, currently employed in the design of nucleic acid nanocarriers. In particular, recent progress made in polysaccharide-assisted nucleic acid delivery is summarized and the specific benefits that polysaccharides might offer to improve the delivery process are critically discussed.
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46
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Jain S, Kumar S, Agrawal AK, Thanki K, Banerjee UC. Enhanced Transfection Efficiency and Reduced Cytotoxicity of Novel Lipid–Polymer Hybrid Nanoplexes. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2416-25. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400036w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanyog Jain
- Centre
for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics and ‡Department of
Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Centre
for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics and ‡Department of
Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Centre
for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics and ‡Department of
Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Kaushik Thanki
- Centre
for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics and ‡Department of
Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Uttam Chand Banerjee
- Centre
for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics and ‡Department of
Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
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47
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Cho CS. Design and Development of Degradable Polyethylenimines for Delivery of DNA and Small Interfering RNA: An Updated Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/798247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI), considered as the most potent and promising alternative carrier to viral vectors, has been studied as the “state of the art” among various polymers for nonviral gene delivery applications for many years. Although PEI-based carrier minimizes the bottlenecks associated with viral vectors such as unwanted immunogenicity and production problems, the toxic side effects of PEI prevent its rapid advancements due to nondegradable nature. In this regard, various degradable cross-linking and/or grafting agents have been linked to synthesize degradable PEIs in order to minimize the toxicity and improve the efficacy of PEI-mediated gene carriers. This paper describes an update on various cross-linkers and grafting agents in the design and development of degradable PEI derivatives and their potential applications for effective delivery of DNA in vitro and in vivo. The molecular weight (MW) of PEI and the structural relationship to its cellular toxicity and transfection ability were also discussed. Finally, the potential applications of various degradable PEIs for small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing were also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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48
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Salem AK, Patil SD, Burgess DJ. Recent progress in non-viral nucleic acids delivery. Int J Pharm 2012; 427:1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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49
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Wongrakpanich A, Joshi VB, Salem AK. Poly(galactaramidoamine) is an efficient cationic polymeric non-viral vector with low cytotoxicity for transfecting human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:1255-8. [PMID: 22235917 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.649856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly(galactaramidoamine) (PGAA) is a cationic co-polymer of dimethyl-meso-galactarate and pentaethylenehexamine. PGAA electrostatically complexes with plasmid DNA (pDNA) to form nano-sized particles. In this study, we show that PGAA-pDNA polyplexes generate high transfection efficiencies in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and murine macrophage-like (RAW264.7) cell lines. PGAA-pDNA mediated transfection is a function of the amine:phosphate (N/P) ratio at which the polyplexes are prepared. The maximum expression of luciferase was obtained using polyplexes prepared at an N/P ratio of 40. Polyplexes prepared at increasing N/P ratios did not significantly increase in size but did result in decreasing luciferase expression. Cellular toxicity increased as the N/P ratios at which the polyplexes were prepared increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaraporn Wongrakpanich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 5242, USA
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