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Di Gioia S, Fracchiolla G, Cometa S, Perna FM, Quivelli AF, Trapani G, Daniello V, Nobile C, Hossain MN, Trapani A, Conese M. Carboxymethyl chitosan dopamine conjugates: Synthesis and evaluation for intranasal anti Parkinson therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127174. [PMID: 37783252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
With respect to the Parkinson's disease (PD), herein, we aimed at synthetizing and characterizing two novel macromolecular conjugates where dopamine (DA) was linked to N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan or O-carboxymethyl chitosan, being both conjugates obtained from an organic solvent free synthetic procedure. They were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopies, whereas thermal analysis (including Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis) revealed good stability of the two conjugates after exposure at temperatures close to 300 °C. Release studies in simulated nasal fluid elucidated that a faster release occurred since O-carboxymethyl chitosan-DA conjugate maybe due to the less steric hindrance exerted by the polymeric moiety. The CMCS-DA conjugates prepared in aqueous medium may self-assembly to form polymeric micelles and/or may form polymeric nanoparticles. TEM and Photon correlation spectroscopy lent support for polymeric nanoparticle formation. Moreover, such CMCS-DA conjugates showed antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Finally, cytocompatibility studies with neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells showed no cytotoxicity of both conjugates, whereas their uptake increased from 2.5 to 24 h and demonstrated in 40-66 % of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., via E. Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., via E. Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Francesca Quivelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., via E. Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., via E. Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Daniello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Concetta Nobile
- CNR-NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Md Niamat Hossain
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., via E. Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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2
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Moens F, Larsson A, De Blaiser A, Vandevijver G, Spreafico F, Nicolas JM, Lacombe L, Segregur D, Flanagan T, Berben P. Contribution of the Dynamic Intestinal Absorption Model (Diamod) to the Development of a Patient-Centric Drug Formulation. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6197-6212. [PMID: 37955627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Compound X is a weak basic drug targeting the early stages of Parkinson's disease, for which a theoretical risk assessment has indicated that elevated gastric pH conditions could potentially result in reduced plasma concentrations. Different in vitro dissolution methodologies varying in level of complexity and a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) absorption model demonstrated that the dissolution, solubility, and intestinal absorption of compound X was indeed reduced under elevated gastric pH conditions. These observations were confirmed in a crossover pharmacokinetic study in Beagle dogs. As a result, the development of a formulation resulting in robust performance that is not sensitive to the exposed gastric pH levels is of crucial importance. The dynamic intestinal absorption MODel (Diamod), an advanced in vitro gastrointestinal transfer tool that allows to study the gastrointestinal dissolution and interconnected permeation of drugs, was selected as an in vitro tool for the formulation optimization activities given its promising predictive capacity and its capability to generate insights into the mechanisms driving formulation performance. Different pH-modifiers were screened for their potential to mitigate the pH-effect by decreasing the microenvironmental pH at the dissolution surface. Finally, an optimized formulation containing a clinically relevant dose of the drug and a functional amount of the selected pH-modifier was evaluated for its performance in the Diamod. This monolayer tablet formulation resulted in rapid gastric dissolution and supersaturation, inducing adequate intestinal supersaturation and permeation of compound X, irrespective of the gastric acidity level in the stomach. In conclusion, this study describes the holistic biopharmaceutics approach driving the development of a patient-centric formulation of compound X.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Larsson
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Marie Nicolas
- UCB Pharma SA, Early Solutions, Chemin du Foriest 1, 1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Lucie Lacombe
- UCB Pharma SA, Product Design & Performance, Chemin du Foriest 1, 1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Domagoj Segregur
- UCB Pharma SA, Product Design & Performance, Chemin du Foriest 1, 1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Talia Flanagan
- UCB Pharma SA, Product Design & Performance, Chemin du Foriest 1, 1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Philippe Berben
- UCB Pharma SA, Product Design & Performance, Chemin du Foriest 1, 1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
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3
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Arav Y, Zohar A. Model-based optimization of controlled release formulation of levodopa for Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15869. [PMID: 37739971 PMCID: PMC10517026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Levodopa is currently the standard of care treatment for Parkinson's disease, but chronic therapy has been linked to motor complications. Designing a controlled release formulation (CRF) that maintains sustained and constant blood concentrations may reduce these complications. Still, it is challenging due to levodopa's pharmacokinetic properties and the notion that it is absorbed only in the upper small intestine (i.e., exhibits an "absorption window"). We created and validated a physiologically based mathematical model to aid the development of such a formulation. Analysis of experimental results using the model revealed that levodopa is well absorbed throughout the entire small intestine (i.e., no "absorption window") and that levodopa in the stomach causes fluctuations during the first 3 h after administration. Based on these insights, we developed guidelines for an improved CRF for various stages of Parkinson's disease. Such a formulation is expected to produce steady concentrations and prolong therapeutic duration compared to a common CRF with a smaller dose per day and a lower overall dose of levodopa, thereby improving patient compliance with the dosage regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Arav
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Israeli Institute for Biological Research, PO Box 19, 7410001, Ness-Ziona, Israel.
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4
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de Waal T, Brouwers J, Berben P, Flanagan T, Tack J, Vandenberghe W, Vanuytsel T, Augustijns P. Characterization of Aspirated Duodenal Fluids from Parkinson's Disease Patients. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041243. [PMID: 37111729 PMCID: PMC10145225 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, may not only affect the motor system, but also the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Delayed gastric emptying, impaired motility and altered intestinal bacteria are well-established consequences of the disease, which can have a pronounced effect on the absorption of orally administered drugs. In contrast, no studies have been performed into the composition of intestinal fluids. It is not unlikely that Parkinson's disease also affects the composition of intestinal fluids, a critical factor in the in vitro and in silico simulation of drug dissolution, solubilization and absorption. In the current study, duodenal fluids were aspirated from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and age-matched healthy controls (healthy controls, HC) consecutively in fasted and fed conditions. The fluids were then characterized for pH, buffer capacity, osmolality, total protein, phospholipids, bile salts, cholesterol and lipids. In a fasted state, the intestinal fluid composition was highly similar in PD patients and healthy controls. In general, the same was true for fed-state fluids, apart from a slightly slower and less pronounced initial change in factors directly affected by the meal (i.e., buffer capacity, osmolality, total protein and lipids) in PD patients. The absence of a fast initial increase for these factors immediately after meal intake, as was observed in healthy controls, might result from slower gastric emptying in PD patients. Irrespective of the prandial state, a higher relative amount of secondary bile salts was observed in PD patients, potentially indicating altered intestinal bacterial metabolism. Overall, the data from this study indicate that only minor disease-specific adjustments in small intestinal fluid composition should be considered when simulating intestinal drug absorption in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom de Waal
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Philippe Berben
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCB Pharma SA, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Talia Flanagan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCB Pharma SA, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, TARGID, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, TARGID, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Patient-specific in vitro drug release testing coupled with in silico PBPK modeling to forecast the in vivo performance of oral extended-release levodopa formulations in Parkinson's disease patients. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:101-118. [PMID: 36150616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biorelevant in vitro release models are valuable analytical tools for oral drug development but often tailored to gastrointestinal conditions in 'average' healthy adults. However, predicting in vivo performance in individual patients whose gastrointestinal conditions do not match those of healthy adults would be of great value for optimizing oral drug therapy for such patients. This study focused on establishing patient-specific in vitro and in silico models to predict the in vivo performance of levodopa extended-release products in Parkinsońs disease patients. Current knowledge on gastrointestinal conditions in these patients was incorporated into model development. Relevant in vivo pharmacokinetic data and patient-specific in vitro release data from a novel in vitro test setup were integrated into patient-specific physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models. AUC, cmax and tmax of the computed plasma profiles were calculated using PK-Sim®. For the products studied, levodopa plasma concentration-time profiles modeled using this novel approach compared far better with published average plasma profiles in Parkinsońs disease patients than those derived from in vitro release data obtained from the 'average' healthy adult setup. Although further work is needed, results of this study highlight the importance of addressing patient-specific gastrointestinal conditions when aiming to predict drug release in such specific patient groups.
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6
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Shuklinova O, Dorożyński P, Kulinowski P, Polak S. Quality Control Dissolution Data Is Biopredictive for a Modified Release Ropinirole Formulation: Virtual Experiment with the Use of Re-Developed and Verified PBPK Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071514. [PMID: 35890408 PMCID: PMC9320685 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and absorption modeling are being used by industry and regulatory bodies to address various scientifically challenging questions. While there is high confidence in the prediction of exposure for the BCS class I drugs administered as immediate-release formulations, in the case of prolonged-release formulations, special attention should be given to the input dissolution data. Our goal was to develop and verify a PBPK model for a BCS class I compound, ropinirole, and check the biopredictiveness of the dissolution data for the prolonged-release formulation administered by Parkinson’s patients. The model was built based on quality control dissolution data reported in the certificates of analysis and verified with the use of data derived from five clinical trial reports. The simulated pharmacokinetic parameters being within a two-fold range of the observed values confirmed acceptable model performance, in vivo relevance of the in vitro dissolution profiles, and indirectly indicated ropinirole stable release from the formulation in the patients’ gastro-intestinal tract. Ropinirole PBPK model will be used for exploring potential clinical scenarios while developing a new formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Shuklinova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Przemysław Dorożyński
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kulinowski
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Polak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Simcyp Division, Certara UK Limited, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK
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7
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Beckers M, Bloem BR, Verbeek MM. Mechanisms of peripheral levodopa resistance in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:56. [PMID: 35546556 PMCID: PMC9095610 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an increasingly common neurodegenerative condition. The disease has a significant negative impact on quality of life, but a personalized management approach can help reduce disability. Pharmacotherapy with levodopa remains the cornerstone of treatment, and a gratifying and sustained response to this treatment is a supportive criterion that argues in favor of an underlying diagnosis of PD. Yet, in daily practice, it is not uncommon to encounter patients who appear to have true PD, but who nevertheless seem to lose the responsiveness to levodopa (secondary non-responders). Some patients may even fail to respond altogether (primary non-responders). Here, we address how two mechanisms of “peripheral resistance” may underlie this failing response to levodopa in persons with PD. The first explanation relates to impaired bowel motility leading to secondary bacterial overgrowth, and more specifically, to the excessive bacterial production of the enzyme tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC). This enzyme may convert levodopa to dopamine in the gut, thereby hampering entry into the circulation and, subsequently, into the brain. The second explanation relates to the systemic induction of the enzyme aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), leading to premature conversion of levodopa into dopamine, again limiting the bioavailability within the brain. We discuss these two mechanisms and focus on the clinical implications, potential treatments and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Beckers
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboudumc Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Trapani A, De Giglio E, Cometa S, Bonifacio MA, Dazzi L, Di Gioia S, Hossain MN, Pellitteri R, Antimisiaris SG, Conese M. Dopamine-loaded lipid based nanocarriers for intranasal administration of the neurotransmitter: A comparative study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:189-200. [PMID: 34333085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Both dopamine (DA) loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and liposomes (Lip), designed for intranasal administration of the neurotransmitter as an innovative Parkinson disease treatment, were already characterized in vitro in some extent by us (Trapani et al., 2018a and Cometa et al., 2020, respectively). Herein, to gain insight into the structure of SLN, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis was carried out and DA-SLN (SLN 1) were found to exhibit high amounts of the neurotransmitter on the surface, whereas the external side of Glycol Chitosan (GCS) containing SLN (SLN 2) possessed only few amounts. However, SLN 2 were characterized by the highest encapsulation DA efficiency (i.e., 81%). Furthermore, in view of intranasal administration, mucoadhesion tests in vitro were also conducted for SLN and Lip formulations, evidencing high muchoadesive effect exerted by SLN 2. Concerning ex-vivo studies, SLN and Lip were found to be safe for Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and fluorescent SLN 2 were taken up in a dose-dependent manner reaching the 100% of positive cells, while Lip 2 (chitosan-glutathione-coated) were internalised by 70% OECs with six-times more lipid concentration. Hence, SLN 2 formulation containing DA and GCS may constitute interesting formulations for further studies and promising dosage form for non-invasive nose-to-brain neurotransmitter delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Elvira De Giglio
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona, 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Dazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Md Niamat Hossain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosalia Pellitteri
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB-CNR), Catania 95126, Italy
| | - Sophia G Antimisiaris
- Laboratory of Pharm. Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26504, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Rio 26504, Greece
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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9
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Vinarov Z, Abrahamsson B, Artursson P, Batchelor H, Berben P, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Butler J, Ceulemans J, Davies N, Dupont D, Flaten GE, Fotaki N, Griffin BT, Jannin V, Keemink J, Kesisoglou F, Koziolek M, Kuentz M, Mackie A, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, McAllister M, Müllertz A, O'Driscoll CM, Parrott N, Paszkowska J, Pavek P, Porter CJH, Reppas C, Stillhart C, Sugano K, Toader E, Valentová K, Vertzoni M, De Wildt SN, Wilson CG, Augustijns P. Current challenges and future perspectives in oral absorption research: An opinion of the UNGAP network. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:289-331. [PMID: 33610694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although oral drug delivery is the preferred administration route and has been used for centuries, modern drug discovery and development pipelines challenge conventional formulation approaches and highlight the insufficient mechanistic understanding of processes critical to oral drug absorption. This review presents the opinion of UNGAP scientists on four key themes across the oral absorption landscape: (1) specific patient populations, (2) regional differences in the gastrointestinal tract, (3) advanced formulations and (4) food-drug interactions. The differences of oral absorption in pediatric and geriatric populations, the specific issues in colonic absorption, the formulation approaches for poorly water-soluble (small molecules) and poorly permeable (peptides, RNA etc.) drugs, as well as the vast realm of food effects, are some of the topics discussed in detail. The identified controversies and gaps in the current understanding of gastrointestinal absorption-related processes are used to create a roadmap for the future of oral drug absorption research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahari Vinarov
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bertil Abrahamsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Berben
- Pharmaceutical Development, UCB Pharma SA, Braine- l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - James Butler
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Ware, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nigel Davies
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alan Mackie
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Petr Pavek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Elena Toader
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Romania
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Saskia N De Wildt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Clive G Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Di Gioia S, Trapani A, Cassano R, Di Gioia ML, Trombino S, Cellamare S, Bolognino I, Hossain MN, Sanna E, Trapani G, Conese M. Nose-to-brain delivery: A comparative study between carboxymethyl chitosan based conjugates of dopamine. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120453. [PMID: 33675929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis of a novel polymeric conjugate N,O-CMCS-Dopamine (DA) based on an amide linkage is reported. The performances of this conjugate were compared with those of an analogous N,O-CMCS-DA ester conjugate previously studied (Cassano et al., 2020) to gain insight into their potential utility for Parkinson's disease treatment. The new amide conjugate was synthesized by standard carbodiimide coupling procedure and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopies and thermal analysis (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). In vitro mucoadhesive studies in simulated nasal fluid (SNF) evidenced high adhesive effect of both ester and amide conjugates. Results demonstrated that the amide conjugate exerted an important role to prevent DA spontaneous autoxidation both under stressed conditions and physiological mimicking ones. MTT test indicated cytocompatibility of the amide conjugate with Olfactory Ensheating Cells (OECs), which were shown by cytofluorimetry to internalize efficiently the conjugate. Overall, among the two conjugates herein studied, the N,O-CMCS-DA amide conjugate seems a promising candidate for improving the delivery of DA by nose-to-brain administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Saverio Cellamare
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Bolognino
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Md Niamat Hossain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Enrico Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Stillhart C, Vučićević K, Augustijns P, Basit AW, Batchelor H, Flanagan TR, Gesquiere I, Greupink R, Keszthelyi D, Koskinen M, Madla CM, Matthys C, Miljuš G, Mooij MG, Parrott N, Ungell AL, de Wildt SN, Orlu M, Klein S, Müllertz A. Impact of gastrointestinal physiology on drug absorption in special populations––An UNGAP review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 147:105280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Govender R, Abrahmsén-Alami S, Larsson A, Folestad S. Therapy for the individual: Towards patient integration into the manufacturing and provision of pharmaceuticals. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:58-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Altered gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in Parkinson’s disease: Pathological highlight to management. Neurosci Lett 2019; 712:134516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Karkossa F, Klein S. Individualized in vitro and in silico methods for predicting in vivo performance of enteric-coated tablets containing a narrow therapeutic index drug. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 135:13-24. [PMID: 30529296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drugs is closely related to their plasma concentration-time profile. Particularly for these compounds interindividual variability of gastrointestinal (GI) parameters relevant to in vivo drug release may result in fluctuations of the plasma concentration. The present study focused on assessing the influence of individual GI pH- and transit profiles on drug release of enteric valproate tablet formulations by means of individualized in vitro dissolution experiments. After initial experiments simulating GI passages in average healthy adults, a novel in vitro dissolution model was used to simulate individual GI pH- and transit profiles with physiologically relevant dissolution media. Based on the dissolution profiles obtained in these experiments, individual in silico plasma profiles were generated and compared to fasted in vivo data applying a mean Euclidean distance approach. Simulated individual gastric residence time was identified as crucial parameter determining the onset of absorption, whereas the shape of the plasma profile is mainly influenced by individual valproate pharmacokinetics. The novel in vitro and in silico methods used in this study are promising tools for estimating in vivo drug release and plasma concentration in individual subjects and thus may contribute to a prospective risk assessment for NTI formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Karkossa
- University of Greifswald, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Klein
- University of Greifswald, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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Baek JS, Tee JK, Pang YY, Tan EY, Lim KL, Ho HK, Loo SCJ. Improved Bioavailability of Levodopa Using Floatable Spray-Coated Microcapsules for the Management of Parkinson's Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:262-270. [PMID: 29696585 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of levodopa (LD) is the gold standard in managing Parkinson's disease (PD). Although LD is the most effective drug in treating PD, chronic administration of LD induces levodopa-induced dyskinesia. A continuous and sustained provision of LD to the brain could, therefore, reduce peak-dose dyskinesia. In commercial oral formulations, LD is co-administrated with an AADC inhibitor (carbidopa) and a COMT inhibitor (entacapone) to enhance its bioavailability. Nevertheless, patients are known to take up to five tablets a day because of poor sustained-releasing capabilities that lead to fluctuations in plasma concentrations. To achieve a prolonged release of LD with the aim of improving its bioavailability, floatable spray-coated microcapsules containing all three PD drugs were developed. This gastro-retentive delivery system showed sustained release of all PD drugs, at similar release kinetics. Pharmacokinetics study was conducted and this newly developed formulation showed a more plateaued delivery of LD that is void of the plasma concentration fluctuations observed for the control (commercial formulation). At the same time, measurements of LD and dopamine of mice administered with this formulation showed enhanced bioavailability of LD. This study highlights a floatable, sustained-releasing delivery system in achieving improved pharmacokinetics data compared to a commercial formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Suep Baek
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jie Kai Tee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Yun Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ern Yu Tan
- General Surgery Clinic, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Kah Leong Lim
- National Neuroscience Institute (NNI), 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore. .,Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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