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Hou L, Yang F, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yan H, Meng C, Du Y, Zhu H, Yuan D, Gao Y. 2-Methoxyestradiol ameliorates paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105647. [PMID: 38072522 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a highly effective and highly toxic herbicide that is highly toxic to both humans and animals. Pulmonary fibrosis is the primary cause of fatality in patients with PQ poisoning, there is no effective drug treatment yet. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME) is a natural metabolite of estradiol with anti-tumor, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-proliferative effects. Whether 2ME has the potential to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis induced by PQ is unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential effects and mechanism of 2ME on PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. C57BL/6 mice and A549 cells were exposed to PQ to establish pulmonary fibrosis model. In vivo, Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was utilized to assess the pathological characteristics. Masson's trichrome staining was employed to evaluate the collagen deposition. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were conducted to determine the expressions of fibrosis markers. In vitro, the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were detected using western blot and immunofluorescence to evaluated the potential inhibition of PQ-induced EMT by 2ME. And proteins associated with the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway were measured by western blot in vivo and in vitro. The result found that 2ME can ameliorated PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inhibit the activation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that 2ME may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for treating PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Hou
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yi Li
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Hongyi Yan
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Cuicui Meng
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yuqi Du
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Huanzhou Zhu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Yanxia Gao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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Wan R, Wang L, Zhu M, Li W, Duan Y, Yu G. Cellular Senescence: A Troy Horse in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16410. [PMID: 38003600 PMCID: PMC10671822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by myofibroblast abnormal activation and extracellular matrix deposition. However, the pathogenesis of PF remains unclear, and treatment options are limited. Epidemiological studies have shown that the average age of PF patients is estimated to be over 65 years, and the incidence of the disease increases with age. Therefore, PF is considered an age-related disease. A preliminary study on PF patients demonstrated that the combination therapy of the anti-senescence drugs dasatinib and quercetin improved physical functional indicators. Given the global aging population and the role of cellular senescence in tissue and organ aging, understanding the impact of cellular senescence on PF is of growing interest. This article systematically summarizes the causes and signaling pathways of cellular senescence in PF. It also objectively analyzes the impact of senescence in AECs and fibroblasts on PF development. Furthermore, potential intervention methods targeting cellular senescence in PF treatment are discussed. This review not only provides a strong theoretical foundation for understanding and manipulating cellular senescence, developing new therapies to improve age-related diseases, and extending a healthy lifespan but also offers hope for reversing the toxicity caused by the massive accumulation of senescence cells in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Wan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (R.W.); (L.W.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.D.)
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (R.W.); (L.W.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.D.)
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (R.W.); (L.W.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.D.)
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (R.W.); (L.W.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.D.)
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yudi Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (R.W.); (L.W.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.D.)
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (R.W.); (L.W.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.D.)
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Yu Z, Xu C, Song B, Zhang S, Chen C, Li C, Zhang S. Tissue fibrosis induced by radiotherapy: current understanding of the molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and therapeutic advances. J Transl Med 2023; 21:708. [PMID: 37814303 PMCID: PMC10563272 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death around the world. In cancer treatment, over 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy alone or in multimodal combinations with other therapies. One of the adverse consequences after radiation exposure is the occurrence of radiation-induced tissue fibrosis (RIF), which is characterized by the abnormal activation of myofibroblasts and the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. This phenotype can manifest in multiple organs, such as lung, skin, liver and kidney. In-depth studies on the mechanisms of radiation-induced fibrosis have shown that a variety of extracellular signals such as immune cells and abnormal release of cytokines, and intracellular signals such as cGAS/STING, oxidative stress response, metabolic reprogramming and proteasome pathway activation are involved in the activation of myofibroblasts. Tissue fibrosis is extremely harmful to patients' health and requires early diagnosis. In addition to traditional serum markers, histologic and imaging tests, the diagnostic potential of nuclear medicine techniques is emerging. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies are the traditional treatments for radiation-induced fibrosis. Recently, some promising therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as stem cell therapy and targeted therapies. However, incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms hinders the treatment of this disease. Here, we also highlight the potential mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic directions of radiation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiang Yu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chaoyu Xu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang, 621099, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221200, China
| | - Changlong Li
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang, 621099, China.
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Ahn H, Kim JH, Lee KC, Park JA, Kim JY, Lee YJ, Lee YJ. Early Prediction of Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor-Targeted PET Imaging. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:267-278. [PMID: 36542354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) in lung cancer patients after radiation therapy is important. A gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) mediates the inflammation and fibrosis after irradiation in mice lungs. Previously, our group synthesized a GRPR-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe, [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-bombesin (BBN), an analogue peptide of GRP. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN for the early prediction of RIPF. We prepared RIPF mice and acquired PET/CT images of [18F]F-FDG and [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN at 0, 2, 5, and 11 weeks after irradiation (n = 3-10). We confirmed that [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN targets GRPR in irradiated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, we examined whether [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN monitors the therapeutic efficacy in RIPF mice (n = 4). As a result, the lung uptake ratio (irradiated-to-normal) of [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN was the highest at 2 weeks, followed by its decrease at 5 and 11 weeks after irradiation, which matched with the expression of GRPR and was more accurately predicted than [18F]F-FDG. These uptake results were also confirmed by the cell uptake assay. Furthermore, [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN could monitor the therapeutic efficacy of pirfenidone in RIPF mice. We conclude that [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-galacto-BBN is a novel PET imaging probe for the early prediction of RIPF-targeting GRPR expressed during the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesu Ahn
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
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Zhou S, Zhu J, Zhou PK, Gu Y. Alveolar type 2 epithelial cell senescence and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:999600. [PMID: 36407111 PMCID: PMC9666897 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.999600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a chronic and progressive respiratory tract disease characterized by collagen deposition. The pathogenesis of RIPF is still unclear. Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AT2), the essential cells that maintain the structure and function of lung tissue, are crucial for developing pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies indicate the critical role of AT2 cell senescence during the onset and progression of RIPF. In addition, clearance of senescent AT2 cells and treatment with senolytic drugs efficiently improve lung function and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis symptoms. These findings indicate that AT2 cell senescence has the potential to contribute significantly to the innovative treatment of fibrotic lung disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge from basic and clinical research about the mechanism and functions of AT2 cell senescence in RIPF and points to the prospects for clinical treatment by targeting senescent AT2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Zhou
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yongqing Gu, ; Ping-Kun Zhou,
| | - Yongqing Gu
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yongqing Gu, ; Ping-Kun Zhou,
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Talebpour Amiri F, Arzani S, Farzipour S, Hosseinimehr SJ. Radioprotective effects of gliclazide against irradiation-induced cardiotoxicity and lung injury through inhibiting oxidative stress. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:199. [PMID: 36071308 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for localized primary cancer in patients. Cardiotoxicity and lung injury are two of the main side effects of oxidative stress following radiotherapy in patients with thoracic region cancer. Gliclazide (GLZ) as an antihyperglycemic drug has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GLZ in cardiotoxicity and lung injury induced by irradiation (IR). In this experimental study, 64 mice were divided into eight groups: control, GLZ (5, 10, and 25 mg/kg), IR (6 Gy), and IR + GLZ (in three doses). GLZ was administrated for 8 consecutive successive days and mice were exposed with IR on the 9th day of study. On the 10th day of study, tissue biochemical assay and at 14th day of study, histopathological assay were performed to evaluate for cardiotoxicity and lung injury. The findings revealed that IR induces atypical features in heart and lung histostructure, and oxidative stress (an increase of MDA, PC levels, and decrease of GSH content) in these tissues. GLZ administration preserved heart and lung damages and improves oxidative stress markers in mice. Data have authenticated that GLZ could protect heart and lung histostructure against oxidative stress-induced injury through inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Soroush Arzani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Soghra Farzipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Li H, Zhao C, Muhetaer G, Guo L, Yao K, Zhang G, Ji Y, Xing S, Zhou J, Huang X. Integrated RNA-sequencing and network pharmacology approach reveals the protection of Yiqi Huoxue formula against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by interfering with core transcription factors. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154301. [PMID: 35792448 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a refractory disease. Therefore, developing effective therapies for IPF is the need of the hour. PURPOSE Yiqi Huoxue Formula (YQHX) is an herbal formula comprising three herbal medicines: Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuanxiong Rhizoma, CR), Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma, NR) and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma, GR). This study aims to determine the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of YQHX and explore its mechanism of action. STUDY Design and Methods: The chemical components in the GR, CR and NR extracts were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. A TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast cell model was used to test the anti-fibrosis effect of GR, CR, NR and YQHX. RNA-sequencing was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after YQHX treatment. Subsequently, gene enrichment analysis and key transcription factors (TFs) prediction for YQHX-regulated DEGs was performed. The active constituents of GR, CR and NR were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform. Targets of the active constituents were predicted using the similarity ensemble approach search server and Swiss Target Prediction tool. YQHX-targeted key TFs that transcribed the DEGs were screened out. Then, the effect of YQHX on the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model was studied. Finally, one of the predicted TFs, STAT3, was selected to validate the prediction accuracy. RESULTS Seven, two, and five compounds were identified in the GR, CR, and NR extracts, respectively. YQHX and its constituents-GR, CR and NR-inhibited the expression of fibrotic markers, including α -SMA and fibronectin, indicating that YQHX inhibited TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast activation. RNA-sequencing identified 291 genes that were up-regulated in the TGF-β1 group but down-regulated after YQHX treatment. In total, 55 key TFs that transcribed YQHX-regulated targets were predicted. A regulatory network of 24 active ingredients and 232 corresponding targets for YQHX was established. Among YQHX's predicted targets, 20 were TFs. On overlapping YQHX-targeted TFs and DEGs' key TFs, six key TFs, including HIF1A, STAT6, STAT3, PPARA, DDIT3 and AR, were identified as the targets of YQHX. Additionally, YQHX alleviated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3 in the lungs of pulmonary fibrosis mice. CONCLUSIONS This study provides pharmacological support for the use of YQHX in the treatment of IPF. The potential mechanism of action of YQHX is speculated to involve the modulation of core TFs and inhibition of pathogenetic gene expressions in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central lab, Shenzhen Bao'an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yu'an Second Road, No. 21, Shenzhen 518133, China.
| | - Caiping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central lab, Shenzhen Bao'an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yu'an Second Road, No. 21, Shenzhen 518133, China
| | - Gulizeba Muhetaer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central lab, Shenzhen Bao'an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yu'an Second Road, No. 21, Shenzhen 518133, China
| | - Longgang Guo
- Guangzhou Chromap Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Kainan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central lab, Shenzhen Bao'an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yu'an Second Road, No. 21, Shenzhen 518133, China
| | - Guiyu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central lab, Shenzhen Bao'an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yu'an Second Road, No. 21, Shenzhen 518133, China
| | - Yichun Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central lab, Shenzhen Bao'an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yu'an Second Road, No. 21, Shenzhen 518133, China
| | - Sizhong Xing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central lab, Shenzhen Bao'an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yu'an Second Road, No. 21, Shenzhen 518133, China
| | - Jihong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central lab, Shenzhen Bao'an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yu'an Second Road, No. 21, Shenzhen 518133, China.
| | - Xiufang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road, No. 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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2-Methoxyestradiol Inhibits Radiation-Induced Skin Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084171. [PMID: 35456989 PMCID: PMC9032705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced skin injury (RISI) is a main side effect of radiotherapy for cancer patients, with vascular damage being a common pathogenesis of acute and chronic RISI. Despite the severity of RISI, there are few treatments for it that are in clinical use. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) has been reported to regulate the radiation-induced vascular endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Thus, we investigated 2-ME as a potent anti-cancer and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) inhibitor drug that prevents RISI by targeting HIF-1α. 2-ME treatment prior to and post irradiation inhibited RISI on the skin of C57/BL6 mice. 2-ME also reduced radiation-induced inflammation, skin thickness, and vascular fibrosis. In particular, post-treatment with 2-ME after irradiation repaired the damaged vessels on the irradiated dermal skin, inhibiting endothelial HIF-1α expression. In addition to the increase in vascular density, post-treatment with 2-ME showed fibrotic changes in residual vessels with SMA+CD31+ on the irradiated skin. Furthermore, 2-ME significantly inhibited fibrotic changes and accumulated DNA damage in irradiated human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Therefore, we suggest that 2-ME may be a potent therapeutic agent for RISI.
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Lu P, Li J, Liu C, Yang J, Peng H, Xue Z, Liu Z. Salvianolic acid B dry powder inhaler for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:447-461. [PMID: 35782322 PMCID: PMC9237582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious and fatal pulmonary inflammatory disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. The drugs nintedanib and pirfenidone, are listed as conditionally recommended drugs in the “Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis”. However, these two drugs have many adverse reactions in clinical application. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a water-soluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, could alleviate bleomycin-induced peroxidative stress damage, and prevent or delay the onset of IPF by regulating inflammatory factors and fibrotic cytokines during the disease's progression. However, Sal B is poorly absorbed orally, and patient compliance is poor when administered intravenously. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a new non-injection route of drug delivery. In this study, Sal B was used as model drug and l-leucine (LL) as excipient to prepare Sal B dry powder inhaler (Sal B-DPI) by spray drying method. Modern preparation evaluation methods were used to assess the quality of Sal B-DPI. Sal B-DPI is promising for the treatment of IPF, according to studies on pulmonary irritation evaluation, in vivo and in vitro pharmacodynamics, metabolomics, pharmacokinetics, and lung tissue distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Medical Key Laboratory of Hereditary Rare Diseases of Henan, Luoyang Sub-center of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhifeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Chargari C, Rassy E, Helissey C, Achkar S, Francois S, Deutsch E. Impact of radiation therapy on healthy tissues. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 376:69-98. [PMID: 36997270 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy has a fundamental role in the management of cancers. However, despite a constant improvement in radiotherapy techniques, the issue of radiation-induced side effects remains clinically relevant. Mechanisms of acute toxicity and late fibrosis are therefore important topics for translational research to improve the quality of life of patients treated with ionizing radiations. Tissue changes observed after radiotherapy are consequences of complex pathophysiology, involving macrophage activation, cytokine cascade, fibrotic changes, vascularization disorders, hypoxia, tissue destruction and subsequent chronic wound healing. Moreover, numerous data show the impact of these changes in the irradiated stroma on the oncogenic process, with interplays between tumor radiation response and pathways involved in the fibrotic process. The mechanisms of radiation-induced normal tissue inflammation are reviewed, with a focus on the impact of the inflammatory process on the onset of treatment-related toxicities and the oncogenic process. Possible targets for pharmacomodulation are also discussed.
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Huang JQ, Zhang H, Guo XW, Lu Y, Wang SN, Cheng B, Dong SH, Lyu XL, Li FS, Li YW. Mechanically Activated Calcium Channel PIEZO1 Modulates Radiation-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Forming a Positive Feedback With TGF-β1. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:725275. [PMID: 34722630 PMCID: PMC8548710 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.725275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β-centered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process involved in radiation-induced pulmonary injury (RIPI) and pulmonary fibrosis. PIEZO1, a mechanosensitive calcium channel, is expressed in myeloid cell and has been found to play an important role in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Whether PIEZO1 is related with radiation-induced EMT remains elusive. Herein, we found that PIEZO1 is functional in rat primary type II epithelial cells and RLE-6TN cells. After irradiation, PIEZO1 expression was increased in rat lung alveolar type II epithelial cells and RLE-6TN cell line, which was accompanied with EMT changes evidenced by increased TGF-β1, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Fibronectin, and α-SMA expression and decreased E-cadherin expression. Addition of exogenous TGF-β1 further enhanced these phenomena in vitro. Knockdown of PIEZO1 partly reverses radiation-induced EMT in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that activation of PIEZO1 could upregulate TGF-β1 expression and promote EMT through Ca2+/HIF-1α signaling. Knockdown of HIF-1α partly reverses enhanced TGF-β1 expression caused by radiation. Meanwhile, the expression of PIEZO1 was up-regulated after TGF-β1 co-culture, and the mechanism could be traced to the inhibition of transcription factor C/EBPβ expression by TGF-β1. Irradiation also caused a decrease in C/EBPβ expression in RLE-6TN cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) confirmed that C/EBPβ represses PIEZO1 expression by binding to the PIEZO1 promoter. Furthermore, overexpression of C/EBPβ by using the synonymous mutation to C/EBPβ siRNA could reverse siRNA-induced upregulation of PIEZO1. In summary, our research suggests a critical role of PIEZO1 signaling in radiation-induced EMT by forming positive feedback with TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Huang
- The Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University (The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center), Beijing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Wei Guo
- The Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University (The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center), Beijing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Neurology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Nian Wang
- Department of Nuclear Radiation Injury and Monitoring, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Pathology Department, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Su-He Dong
- Department of Nuclear Radiation Injury and Monitoring, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Lyu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng-Sheng Li
- Department of Nuclear Radiation Injury and Monitoring, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Wang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China.,The Third people's Hospital of Longgang District Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Ciszewski WM, Wawro ME, Sacewicz-Hofman I, Sobierajska K. Cytoskeleton Reorganization in EndMT-The Role in Cancer and Fibrotic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111607. [PMID: 34769036 PMCID: PMC8583721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation promotes endothelial plasticity, leading to the development of several diseases, including fibrosis and cancer in numerous organs. The basis of those processes is a phenomenon called the endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which results in the delamination of tightly connected endothelial cells that acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. EndMT-derived cells, known as the myofibroblasts or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), are characterized by the loss of cell–cell junctions, loss of endothelial markers, and gain in mesenchymal ones. As a result, the endothelium ceases its primary ability to maintain patent and functional capillaries and induce new blood vessels. At the same time, it acquires the migration and invasion potential typical of mesenchymal cells. The observed modulation of cell shape, increasedcell movement, and invasion abilities are connected with cytoskeleton reorganization. This paper focuses on the review of current knowledge about the molecular pathways involved in the modulation of each cytoskeleton element (microfilaments, microtubule, and intermediate filaments) during EndMT and their role as the potential targets for cancer and fibrosis treatment.
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Radiation-Induced Fibrotic Tumor Microenvironment Regulates Anti-Tumor Immune Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205232. [PMID: 34680381 PMCID: PMC8533839 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiation therapy can modulate anti-tumor immune responses. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the anti-tumor immune response and tumor fibrosis after X-ray or neutron radiation therapy. Neutron radiation therapy resulted in lesser fibrosis and greater anti-tumor immunity compared to X-ray irradiation. Radiation therapy-induced fibrotic changes within the tumor environment and tumor regrowth were suppressed by specifically deleting Trp53 in endothelial cells. In particular, the upregulation of PD-L1 expression after X-ray radiation therapy was significantly suppressed via EC-Trp53 deletion. Understanding the effects of different radiation therapy types on the tumor microenvironment provides strategies for enhancing the efficacy of combined radio- and immunotherapy. Abstract High linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, such as neutron radiation, is considered more effective for the treatment of cancer than low LET radiation, such as X-rays. We previously reported that X-ray irradiation induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and profibrotic changes, which contributed to the radioresistance of tumors. However, this effect was attenuated in tumors of endothelial-specific Trp53-knockout mice. Herein, we report that compared to X-ray irradiation, neutron radiation therapy reduced collagen deposition and suppressed EndMT in tumors. In addition to the fewer fibrotic changes, more cluster of differentiation (CD8)-positive cytotoxic T cells were observed in neutron-irradiated regrowing tumors than in X-ray-irradiated tumors. Furthermore, lower programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was noted in the former. Endothelial-specific Trp53 deletion suppressed fibrotic changes within the tumor environment following both X-ray and neutron radiation therapy. In particular, the upregulation in PD-L1 expression after X-ray radiation therapy was significantly dampened. Our findings suggest that compared to low LET radiation therapy, high LET radiation therapy can efficiently suppress profibrotic changes and enhance the anti-tumor immune response, resulting in delayed tumor regrowth.
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