1
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Guo L, Sun L, Li C. Identification and characterization of disease resistance-related SNPs using transcriptome analyses in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2025; 163:110387. [PMID: 40347994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2025] [Revised: 04/28/2025] [Accepted: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Apostichopus japonicus is a commercially significant aquaculture species. However, in recent years, frequent outbreaks of skin ulcer syndrome (SUS) caused by Vibrio splendidus have resulted in substantial economic losses for the A. japonicus industry. Molecular breeding techniques, such as marker-assisted selection and genomic selection, are effective methods for accelerating breeding programs aimed at enhancing disease resistance. In the present study, we aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with disease-resistance by characterizing SNPs from the transcriptomes of two phenotypically distinct groups: a disease-resistant group (RG) and a disease-susceptible group (SG). We identified 5400 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs; p < 0.05) and 5,600,281 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers between the RG and SG groups. Association analysis revealed 503 SNPs across 365 genes exhibiting significant allelic imbalance (adjusted p < 0.05). Functional annotation revealed that immune-related genes harboring these significant SNPs were markedly enriched in lysosomal pathways, implicating their crucial role in defense mechanisms against V. splendidus. Six candidate SNPs derived from immune-related genes were successfully validated by Sanger sequencing, with three demonstrating statistically significant associations with disease-resistance. These functionally validated SNPs represent promising molecular markers for implementing marker-assisted selection in the breeding of disease-resistant A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Safety, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Lianlian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Safety, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Safety, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
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2
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Wu L, Weng Z, Yang X, Huang Y, Lin Y, Li S, Fu L, Yun J. ARL8B regulates lysosomal function and predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2025; 15:12278. [PMID: 40210693 PMCID: PMC11985964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-97616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/12/2025] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribosylation factor-like 8B (ARL8B), a small GTPase, is involved in lysosome motility. Our study investigates the role of ARL8B in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using in vitro and in vivo experiments, bioinformatics, and clinical data. We found that ARL8B expression is abnormally elevated in HCC and correlates with poor prognosis. ARL8B knockdown triggered lysosomal dysfunction-manifesting as abnormal morphology, decreased pH, reduced hydrolase activity, and impaired autophagic degradation-which subsequently led to cell cycle arrest and reduced cell viability. Additionally, tumors with high ARL8B expression (ARL8Bhigh) exhibited notable differences in tumor microenvironment composition compared to those with low ARL8B expression (ARL8Blow). ARL8Bhigh HCCs had significantly increased infiltration of NFKBIZ+/HIF1A+ and VEGFA+/SPP1+ neutrophils. EcoTyper analysis indicated that ARL8Bhigh HCCs had a lower proportion of carcinoma ecotype 6, a cellular ecosystem common in normal tissues but rare in tumors. Bioinformatics and real-world analysis showed a positive correlation between ARL8B and PD-L1 expression. Patients with high ARL8B expression exhibited increased sensitivity to sorafenib and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In conclusion, our findings identify ARL8B as a key lysosomal regulator associated with tumor microenvironment composition in HCC, suggesting its potential as both a therapeutic target and a biomarker for predicting treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zelin Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yansong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lingyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jingping Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, PR China.
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3
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Sanzà P, van der Beek J, Draper D, de Heus C, Veenendaal T, Brink CT, Farías GG, Liv N, Klumperman J. VPS41 recruits biosynthetic LAMP-positive vesicles through interaction with Arl8b. J Cell Biol 2025; 224:e202405002. [PMID: 39907656 PMCID: PMC11809577 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202405002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar protein sorting 41 (VPS41), a component of the homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex for lysosomal fusion, is essential for the trafficking of lysosomal membrane proteins via lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP) carriers from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to endo/lysosomes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathway and VPS41's role herein remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of ectopically localizing VPS41 to mitochondria on LAMP distribution. Using electron microscopy, we identified that mitochondrial-localized VPS41 recruited LAMP1- and LAMP2A-positive vesicles resembling LAMP carriers. The retention using selective hooks (RUSH) system further revealed that newly synthesized LAMPs were specifically recruited by mitochondrial VPS41, a function not shared by other HOPS subunits. Notably, we identified the small GTPase Arl8b as a critical factor for LAMP carrier trafficking. Arl8b was present on LAMP carriers and bound to the WD40 domain of VPS41, enabling their recruitment. These findings reveal a unique role of VPS41 in recruiting TGN-derived LAMP carriers and expand our understanding of VPS41-Arl8b interactions beyond endosome-lysosome fusion, providing new insights into lysosomal trafficking mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sanzà
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Beek
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Derk Draper
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cecilia de Heus
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tineke Veenendaal
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Corlinda ten Brink
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ginny G. Farías
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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Dong J, Tong W, Liu M, Liu M, Liu J, Jin X, Chen J, Jia H, Gao M, Wei M, Duan Y, Zhong X. Endosomal traffic disorders: a driving force behind neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:66. [PMID: 39716330 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endosomes are crucial sites for intracellular material sorting and transportation. Endosomal transport is a critical process involved in the selective uptake, processing, and intracellular transport of substances. The equilibrium between endocytosis and circulation mediated by the endosome-centered transport pathway plays a significant role in cell homeostasis, signal transduction, and immune response. In recent years, there have been hints linking endosomal transport abnormalities to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Nonetheless, the related mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we provide an overview of endosomal-centered transport pathways and highlight potential physiological processes regulated by these pathways, with a particular focus on the correlation of endosomal trafficking disorders with common pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we summarize potential therapeutic agents targeting endosomal trafficking for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Dong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Weiwei Tong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110069, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jinyue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ju Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Huachao Jia
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Menglin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
- Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang, 110167, China.
| | - Ying Duan
- Liaoning Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang, 110005, China.
| | - Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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5
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Cao MM, Li YM, Ding X, Fang F, Yang LY. ARL8B promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and inhibits antitumor activity of lenvatinib via MAPK/ERK signaling by interacting with RAB2A. Cell Signal 2024; 124:111470. [PMID: 39413890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence and metastasis are important factors affecting postoperative survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. ADP Ribosylation factor-like GTPase 8B (ARL8B) plays a crucial role in many biological processes, including lysosomal function, immune response, and cellular communication, all of which are related to the occurrence and development of tumors. However, its role in HCC remains unclear. Herein, we revealed that ARL8B is consistently elevated in HCC tissues compared to normal liver tissues, suggesting an unfavorable outcome in HCC patients. Increased ARL8B levels promoted the malignant phenotype of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Notably, ARL8B also induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC cells. Mechanistically, the results of bioinformatics analysis combined with mass spectrometry revealed the potential downstream target molecule RAB2A of ARL8B. ARL8B directly interacted with RAB2A and increased the levels of GTP-bound RAB2A, thereby contributing to the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Interestingly, knockout of ARL8B in Hep3B cells enhanced the antitumor activity of lenvatinib in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, AAV-shARL8B enhanced the inhibition of HCC growth through lenvatinib, providing new insights into its mechanism of action in lenvatinib-insensitive patients. In conclusion, ARL8B promotes the malignant phenotype of HCC and EMT via RAB2A mediated activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and is expected to be a valuable prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Mo Cao
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lian-Yue Yang
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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6
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Xu J, Gu J, Pei W, Zhang Y, Wang L, Gao J. The role of lysosomal membrane proteins in autophagy and related diseases. FEBS J 2024; 291:3762-3785. [PMID: 37221945 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As a self-degrading and highly conserved survival mechanism, autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cell survival and recycling. The discovery of autophagy-related (ATG) genes has revolutionized our understanding of autophagy. Lysosomal membrane proteins (LMPs) are important executors of lysosomal function, and increasing evidence has demonstrated their role in the induction and regulation of autophagy. In addition, the functional dysregulation of the process mediated by LMPs at all stages of autophagy is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Here, we review the role of LMPs in autophagy, focusing on their roles in vesicle nucleation, vesicle elongation and completion, the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, and degradation, as well as their broad association with related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wenjun Pei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lizhuo Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jialin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial College Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research on Critical Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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7
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De Pace R, Maroofian R, Paimboeuf A, Zamani M, Zaki MS, Sadeghian S, Azizimalamiri R, Galehdari H, Zeighami J, Williamson CD, Fleming E, Zhou D, Gannon JL, Thiffault I, Roze E, Suri M, Zifarelli G, Bauer P, Houlden H, Severino M, Patten SA, Farrow E, Bonifacino JS. Biallelic BORCS8 variants cause an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder with altered lysosome dynamics. Brain 2024; 147:1751-1767. [PMID: 38128568 PMCID: PMC11068110 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BLOC-one-related complex (BORC) is a multiprotein complex composed of eight subunits named BORCS1-8. BORC associates with the cytosolic face of lysosomes, where it sequentially recruits the small GTPase ARL8 and kinesin-1 and -3 microtubule motors to promote anterograde transport of lysosomes toward the peripheral cytoplasm in non-neuronal cells and the distal axon in neurons. The physiological and pathological importance of BORC in humans, however, remains to be determined. Here, we report the identification of compound heterozygous variants [missense c.85T>C (p.Ser29Pro) and frameshift c.71-75dupTGGCC (p.Asn26Trpfs*51)] and homozygous variants [missense c.196A>C (p.Thr66Pro) and c.124T>C (p.Ser42Pro)] in BORCS8 in five children with a severe early-infantile neurodegenerative disorder from three unrelated families. The children exhibit global developmental delay, severe-to-profound intellectual disability, hypotonia, limb spasticity, muscle wasting, dysmorphic facies, optic atrophy, leuko-axonopathy with hypomyelination, and neurodegenerative features with prevalent supratentorial involvement. Cellular studies using a heterologous transfection system show that the BORCS8 missense variants p.Ser29Pro, p.Ser42Pro and p.Thr66Pro are expressed at normal levels but exhibit reduced assembly with other BORC subunits and reduced ability to drive lysosome distribution toward the cell periphery. The BORCS8 frameshift variant p.Asn26Trpfs*51, on the other hand, is expressed at lower levels and is completely incapable of assembling with other BORC subunits and promoting lysosome distribution toward the cell periphery. Therefore, all the BORCS8 variants are partial or total loss-of-function alleles and are thus likely pathogenic. Knockout of the orthologous borcs8 in zebrafish causes decreased brain and eye size, neuromuscular anomalies and impaired locomotion, recapitulating some of the key traits of the human disease. These findings thus identify BORCS8 as a novel genetic locus for an early-infantile neurodegenerative disorder and highlight the critical importance of BORC and lysosome dynamics for the development and function of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child, Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Adeline Paimboeuf
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Mina Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 83151-61355, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Ahvaz 61556-89467, Iran
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Saeid Sadeghian
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-33184, Iran
| | - Reza Azizimalamiri
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-33184, Iran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 83151-61355, Iran
| | - Jawaher Zeighami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Ahvaz 61556-89467, Iran
| | - Chad D Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child, Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Fleming
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gannon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pathology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Mohnish Suri
- Nottingham Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | | | | | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Départementde Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Emily Farrow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child, Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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8
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Park JG, Jeon H, Hwang KY, Cha SS, Han RT, Cho H, Lee IG. Cargo specificity, regulation, and therapeutic potential of cytoplasmic dynein. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:827-835. [PMID: 38556551 PMCID: PMC11059388 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular retrograde transport in eukaryotic cells relies exclusively on the molecular motor cytoplasmic dynein 1. Unlike its counterpart, kinesin, dynein has a single isoform, which raises questions about its cargo specificity and regulatory mechanisms. The precision of dynein-mediated cargo transport is governed by a multitude of factors, including temperature, phosphorylation, the microtubule track, and interactions with a family of activating adaptor proteins. Activating adaptors are of particular importance because they not only activate the unidirectional motility of the motor but also connect a diverse array of cargoes with the dynein motor. Therefore, it is unsurprising that dysregulation of the dynein-activating adaptor transport machinery can lead to diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity, and dominant. Here, we discuss dynein motor motility within cells and in in vitro, and we present several methodologies employed to track the motion of the motor. We highlight several newly identified activating adaptors and their roles in regulating dynein. Finally, we explore the potential therapeutic applications of manipulating dynein transport to address diseases linked to dynein malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gyeong Park
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hanul Jeon
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Kwang Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Rafael T Han
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyunghee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hyesung Cho
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - In-Gyun Lee
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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9
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Walia K, Sharma A, Paul S, Chouhan P, Kumar G, Ringe R, Sharma M, Tuli A. SARS-CoV-2 virulence factor ORF3a blocks lysosome function by modulating TBC1D5-dependent Rab7 GTPase cycle. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2053. [PMID: 38448435 PMCID: PMC10918171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, uses the host endolysosomal system for entry, replication, and egress. Previous studies have shown that the SARS-CoV-2 virulence factor ORF3a interacts with the lysosomal tethering factor HOPS complex and blocks HOPS-mediated late endosome and autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to hyperactivation of the late endosomal and lysosomal small GTP-binding protein Rab7, which is dependent on ORF3a expression. We also observed Rab7 hyperactivation in naturally occurring ORF3a variants encoded by distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants. We found that ORF3a, in complex with Vps39, sequesters the Rab7 GAP TBC1D5 and displaces Rab7 from this complex. Thus, ORF3a disrupts the GTP hydrolysis cycle of Rab7, which is beneficial for viral production, whereas the Rab7 GDP-locked mutant strongly reduces viral replication. Hyperactivation of Rab7 in ORF3a-expressing cells impaired CI-M6PR retrieval from late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network, disrupting the biosynthetic transport of newly synthesized hydrolases to lysosomes. Furthermore, the tethering of the Rab7- and Arl8b-positive compartments was strikingly reduced upon ORF3a expression. As SARS-CoV-2 egress requires Arl8b, these findings suggest that ORF3a-mediated hyperactivation of Rab7 serves a multitude of functions, including blocking endolysosome formation, interrupting the transport of lysosomal hydrolases, and promoting viral egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz Walia
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sankalita Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Priya Chouhan
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Ringe
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mahak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Tuli
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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10
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Mishra H, Schlack-Leigers C, Lim EL, Thieck O, Magg T, Raedler J, Wolf C, Klein C, Ewers H, Lee-Kirsch MA, Meierhofer D, Hauck F, Majer O. Disrupted degradative sorting of TLR7 is associated with human lupus. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi9575. [PMID: 38207015 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi9575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Hyperactive TLR7 signaling has long been appreciated as driver of autoimmune disease in mouse models. Recently, gain-of-function mutations in TLR7 were identified as a monogenic cause of human lupus. TLR7 is an intracellular transmembrane receptor, sensing RNA breakdown products within late endosomes. Here, we show that endosome dysfunction leads to unrestricted TLR7 signaling and is associated with human lupus. The late endosomal BORC complex together with the small GTPase Arl8b controls intracellular TLR7 levels by regulating receptor turnover. This requires a direct interaction between the TLR7-associated trafficking factor Unc93b1 and Arl8b. We identified an UNC93B1 mutation in a patient with childhood-onset lupus, which results in reduced BORC interaction and endosomal TLR7 accumulation. Therefore, a failure to control TLR7 turnover is sufficient to break immunological tolerance to nucleic acids. Our results highlight the importance of an intact endomembrane system in preventing pathological TLR7 signaling and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Mishra
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Claire Schlack-Leigers
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ee Lyn Lim
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Oliver Thieck
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Thomas Magg
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Johannes Raedler
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Christine Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Helge Ewers
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Min Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Olivia Majer
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany
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11
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Kumar R, Khan M, Francis V, Aguila A, Kulasekaran G, Banks E, McPherson PS. DENND6A links Arl8b to a Rab34/RILP/dynein complex, regulating lysosomal positioning and autophagy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:919. [PMID: 38296963 PMCID: PMC10830484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes help maintain cellular proteostasis, and defects in lysosomal positioning and function can cause disease, including neurodegenerative disorders. The spatiotemporal distribution of lysosomes is regulated by small GTPases including Rabs, which are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). DENN domain proteins are the largest family of Rab GEFs. Using a cell-based assay, we screened DENND6A, a member of the DENN domain protein family against all known Rabs and identified it as a potential GEF for 20 Rabs, including Rab34. Here, we demonstrate that DENND6A activates Rab34, which recruits a RILP/dynein complex to lysosomes, promoting lysosome retrograde transport. Further, we identify DENND6A as an effector of Arl8b, a major regulatory GTPase on lysosomes. We demonstrate that Arl8b recruits DENND6A to peripheral lysosomes to activate Rab34 and initiate retrograde transport, regulating nutrient-dependent lysosomal juxtanuclear repositioning. Loss of DENND6A impairs autophagic flux. Our findings support a model whereby Arl8b/DENND6A/Rab34-dependent lysosomal retrograde trafficking controls autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Maleeha Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Aguila
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gopinath Kulasekaran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily Banks
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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12
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Yang J, Rong SJ, Zhou HF, Yang C, Sun F, Li JY. Lysosomal control of dendritic cell function. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:518-531. [PMID: 37774493 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal compartments undergo extensive remodeling during dendritic cell (DC) activation to meet the dynamic functional requirements of DCs. Instead of being regarded as stationary and digestive organelles, recent studies have increasingly appreciated the versatile roles of lysosomes in regulating key aspects of DC biology. Lysosomes actively control DC motility by linking calcium efflux to the actomyosin contraction, while enhanced DC lysosomal membrane permeability contributes to the inflammasome activation. Besides, lysosomes provide a platform for the transduction of innate immune signaling and the intricate host-pathogen interplay. Lysosomes and lysosome-associated structures are also critically engaged in antigen presentation and cross-presentation processes, which are pivotal for the induction of antigen-specific adaptive immune response. Through the current review, we emphasize that lysosome targeting strategies serve as vital DC-based immunotherapies in fighting against tumor, infectious diseases, and autoinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No.1277, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan-Jie Rong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No.1095, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No.1277, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Gerontology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ling Jiaohu Road No.11, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No.1095, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Yi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No.1277, 430000, Wuhan, China
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13
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Qiu X, Li Y, Wang Y, Gong X, Wang Y, Pan L. Mechanistic Insights into the Interactions of Arl8b with the RUN Domains of PLEKHM1 and SKIP. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168293. [PMID: 37775038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Arl8b, a specific Arf-like family GTPase present on lysosome, and plays critical roles in many lysosome-related cellular processes such as autophagy. The active Arl8b can be specifically recognized by the RUN domains of two Arl8b-effectors PLEKHM1 and SKIP, thereby regulating the autophagosome/lysosome membrane fusion and the intracellular lysosome positioning, respectively. However, the mechanistic bases underlying the interactions of Arl8b with the RUN domains of PLEKHM1 and SKIP remain elusive. Here, we report the two high-resolution crystal structures of the active Arl8b in complex with the RUN domains of PLEKHM1 and SKIP. In addition to elucidating the detailed molecular mechanism governing the specific interactions of the active Arl8b with the RUN domains of PLEKHM1 and SKIP, the determined complex structures also reveal a general binding mode shared by the PLEKHM1 and SKIP RUN domains for interacting with the active Arl8b. Furthermore, we uncovered a competitive relationship between the RUN domains of PLEKHM1 and SKIP in binding to the active Arl8b as well as a unique small GTPase-binding mode adopted by the PLEKHM1 and SKIP RUN domains, thereby enriching the repertoire of the RUN domain/small GTPase interaction modes. In all, our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the interactions of the active Arl8b with PLEKHM1 and SKIP, and are valuable for further understanding the working modes of these proteins in relevant cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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14
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Menon D, Bhapkar A, Manchandia B, Charak G, Rathore S, Jha RM, Nahak A, Mondal M, Omrane M, Bhaskar AK, Thukral L, Thiam AR, Gandotra S. ARL8B mediates lipid droplet contact and delivery to lysosomes for lipid remobilization. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113203. [PMID: 37777960 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) play a crucial role in maintaining cellular lipid balance by storing and delivering lipids as needed. However, the intricate lipolytic pathways involved in LD turnover remain poorly described, hindering our comprehension of lipid catabolism and related disorders. Here, we show a function of the small GTPase ARL8B in mediating LD turnover in lysosomes. ARL8B-GDP localizes to LDs, while ARL8-GTP predominantly favors lysosomes. GDP binding induces a conformation with an exposed N-terminal amphipathic helix, enabling ARL8B to bind to LDs. By associating with LDs and lysosomes, and with its property to form a heterotypic complex, ARL8B mediates LD-lysosome contacts and efficient lipid transfer between these organelles. In human macrophages, this ARL8B-dependent LD turnover mechanism appears as the major lipolytic pathway. Our finding opens exciting possibilities for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying LD degradation and its potential implications for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Menon
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Apoorva Bhapkar
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bhoomika Manchandia
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gitanjali Charak
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Surabhi Rathore
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rakesh Mohan Jha
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arpita Nahak
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Moumita Mondal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohyeddine Omrane
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Akash Kumar Bhaskar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Lipi Thukral
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abdou Rachid Thiam
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Sheetal Gandotra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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15
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Zhang S, Tong M, Zheng D, Huang H, Li L, Ungermann C, Pan Y, Luo H, Lei M, Tang Z, Fu W, Chen S, Liu X, Zhong Q. C9orf72-catalyzed GTP loading of Rab39A enables HOPS-mediated membrane tethering and fusion in mammalian autophagy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6360. [PMID: 37821429 PMCID: PMC10567733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-subunit homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) membrane-tethering complex is required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion in mammals, yet reconstituting the mammalian HOPS complex remains a challenge. Here we propose a "hook-up" model for mammalian HOPS complex assembly, which requires two HOPS sub-complexes docking on membranes via membrane-associated Rabs. We identify Rab39A as a key small GTPase that recruits HOPS onto autophagic vesicles. Proper pairing with Rab2 and Rab39A enables HOPS complex assembly between proteoliposomes for its tethering function, facilitating efficient membrane fusion. GTP loading of Rab39A is important for the recruitment of HOPS to autophagic membranes. Activation of Rab39A is catalyzed by C9orf72, a guanine exchange factor associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and familial frontotemporal dementia. Constitutive activation of Rab39A can rescue autophagy defects caused by C9orf72 depletion. These results therefore reveal a crucial role for the C9orf72-Rab39A-HOPS axis in autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mindan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Denghao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linsen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry section, Osnabrück, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaiming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Wang T, Yan L, Wang L, Sun J, Qu H, Ma Y, Song R, Tong X, Zhu J, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Liu Z, Zou H. VPS41-mediated incomplete autophagy aggravates cadmium-induced apoptosis in mouse hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132243. [PMID: 37562348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd), an environmental heavy metal contaminant, is a serious threat to global health that increases the burden of liver diseases. Autophagy and apoptosis are important in Cd-induced liver injury. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in the progression of Cd-induced liver damage are poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the role of vacuolar protein sorting 41 (VPS41) in Cd-induced autophagy and apoptosis in hepatocytes. We used targeted VPS41 regulation to elucidate the mechanism of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. Our data showed that Cd triggered incomplete autophagy by downregulating VPS41, aggravating Cd-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, Cd-induced VPS41 downregulation interfered with the mTORC1-TFEB/TFE3 axis, leading to an imbalance in autophagy initiation and termination and abnormal activation of autophagy. Moreover, Cd-induced downregulation of VPS41 inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion, leading to blocked autophagic flux. This triggers incomplete autophagy, which causes excessive P62 accumulation, accelerating Caspase-9 (CASP9) cleavage. Incomplete autophagy blocks clearance of cleaved CASP9 (CL-CASP9) via the autophagic pathway, promoting apoptosis. Notably, VPS41 overexpression alleviated Cd-induced incomplete autophagy and apoptosis, independent of the homotypic fusion and protein sorting complex. This study provides a new mechanistic understanding of the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis, suggesting that VPS41 is a new therapeutic target for Cd-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China; Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huayi Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xishuai Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Elfmark LA, Wenzel EM, Wang L, Pedersen NM, Stenmark H, Raiborg C. Protrudin-mediated ER-endosome contact sites promote phagocytosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:216. [PMID: 37468729 PMCID: PMC10356898 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
During phagocytosis, endosomes both contribute with membrane to forming phagosomes and promote phagosome maturation. However, how these vesicles are delivered to the phagocytic cup and the phagosome has been unknown. Here, we show that Protrudin-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-endosome contact sites facilitate anterograde translocation of FYCO1 and VAMP7-positive late endosomes and lysosomes (LELys) to forming phagocytic cups in a retinal pigment epithelial-derived cell line (RPE1). Protrudin-dependent phagocytic cup formation required SYT7, which promotes fusion of LELys with the plasma membrane. RPE1 cells perform phagocytosis of dead cells (efferocytosis) that expose phosphatidylserine (PS) on their surface. Exogenous addition of apoptotic bodies increased the formation of phagocytic cups, which further increased when Protrudin was overexpressed. Overexpression of Protrudin also led to elevated uptake of silica beads coated with PS. Conversely, Protrudin depletion or abrogation of ER-endosome contact sites inhibited phagocytic cup formation resulting in reduced uptake of PS-coated beads. Thus, the Protrudin pathway delivers endosomes to facilitate formation of the phagocytic cup important for PS-dependent phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Anker Elfmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Wenzel
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ling Wang
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Raiborg
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Char R, Liu Z, Jacqueline C, Davieau M, Delgado MG, Soufflet C, Fallet M, Chasson L, Chapuy R, Camosseto V, Strock E, Rua R, Almeida CR, Su B, Lennon-Duménil AM, Nal B, Roquilly A, Liang Y, Méresse S, Gatti E, Pierre P. RUFY3 regulates endolysosomes perinuclear positioning, antigen presentation and migration in activated phagocytes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4290. [PMID: 37463962 PMCID: PMC10354229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endo-lysosomes transport along microtubules and clustering in the perinuclear area are two necessary steps for microbes to activate specialized phagocyte functions. We report that RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 (RUFY3) exists as two alternative isoforms distinguishable by the presence of a C-terminal FYVE domain and by their affinity for phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate on endosomal membranes. The FYVE domain-bearing isoform (iRUFY3) is preferentially expressed in primary immune cells and up-regulated upon activation by microbes and Interferons. iRUFY3 is necessary for ARL8b + /LAMP1+ endo-lysosomes positioning in the pericentriolar organelles cloud of LPS-activated macrophages. We show that iRUFY3 controls macrophages migration, MHC II presentation and responses to Interferon-γ, while being important for intracellular Salmonella replication. Specific inactivation of rufy3 in phagocytes leads to aggravated pathologies in mouse upon LPS injection or bacterial pneumonia. This study highlights the role of iRUFY3 in controlling endo-lysosomal dynamics, which contributes to phagocyte activation and immune response regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Char
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288, Marseille, cedex 9, France
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Cédric Jacqueline
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR1064, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Davieau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR1064, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Maria-Graciela Delgado
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043, Paris, France
| | - Clara Soufflet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288, Marseille, cedex 9, France
| | - Mathieu Fallet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288, Marseille, cedex 9, France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288, Marseille, cedex 9, France
| | - Raphael Chapuy
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288, Marseille, cedex 9, France
| | - Voahirana Camosseto
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288, Marseille, cedex 9, France
| | - Eva Strock
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288, Marseille, cedex 9, France
| | - Rejane Rua
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288, Marseille, cedex 9, France
| | - Catarina R Almeida
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | | | - Beatrice Nal
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288, Marseille, cedex 9, France
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR1064, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Yinming Liang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Stéphane Méresse
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288, Marseille, cedex 9, France
| | - Evelina Gatti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288, Marseille, cedex 9, France.
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288, Marseille, cedex 9, France.
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
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19
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Shariq M, Malik AA, Sheikh JA, Hasnain SE, Ehtesham NZ. Regulation of autophagy by SARS-CoV-2: The multifunctional contributions of ORF3a. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28959. [PMID: 37485696 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-2) regulates autophagic flux by blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, causing the accumulation of membranous vesicles for replication. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins regulate autophagy with significant roles attributed to ORF3a. Mechanistically, open reading frame 3a (ORF3a) forms a complex with UV radiation resistance associated, regulating the functions of the PIK3C3-1 and PIK3C3-2 lipid kinase complexes, thereby modulating autophagosome biogenesis. ORF3a sequesters VPS39 onto the late endosome/lysosome, inhibiting assembly of the soluble NSF attachement protein REceptor (SNARE) complex and preventing autolysosome formation. ORF3a promotes the interaction between BECN1 and HMGB1, inducing the assembly of PIK3CA kinases into the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and activating reticulophagy, proinflammatory responses, and ER stress. ORF3a recruits BORCS6 and ARL8B to lysosomes, initiating the anterograde transport of the virus to the plasma membrane. ORF3a also activates the SNARE complex (STX4-SNAP23-VAMP7), inducing fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane for viral egress. These mechanistic details can provide multiple targets for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 by developing host- or host-pathogen interface-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shariq
- Inflammation Biology and Cell Signalling Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Asrar A Malik
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Javaid A Sheikh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Shelke GV, Williamson CD, Jarnik M, Bonifacino JS. Inhibition of endolysosome fusion increases exosome secretion. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209084. [PMID: 37213076 PMCID: PMC10202829 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted from cells to dispose of undegraded materials and mediate intercellular communication. A major source of exosomes is intraluminal vesicles within multivesicular endosomes that undergo exocytic fusion with the plasma membrane. An alternative fate of multivesicular endosomes is fusion with lysosomes, resulting in degradation of the intraluminal vesicles. The factors that determine whether multivesicular endosomes fuse with the plasma membrane or with lysosomes are unknown. In this study, we show that impairment of endolysosomal fusion by disruption of a pathway involving the BLOC-one-related complex (BORC), the small GTPase ARL8, and the tethering factor HOPS increases exosome secretion by preventing the delivery of intraluminal vesicles to lysosomes. These findings demonstrate that endolysosomal fusion is a critical determinant of the amount of exosome secretion and suggest that suppression of the BORC-ARL8-HOPS pathway could be used to boost exosome yields in biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D. Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Jarnik
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Li FL, Guan KL. The Arf family GTPases: Regulation of vesicle biogenesis and beyond. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200214. [PMID: 36998106 PMCID: PMC10282109 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The Arf family proteins are best known for their roles in the vesicle biogenesis. However, they also play fundamental roles in a wide range of cellular regulation besides vesicular trafficking, such as modulation of lipid metabolic enzymes, cytoskeleton remodeling, ciliogenesis, lysosomal, and mitochondrial morphology and functions. Growing studies continue to expand the downstream effector landscape of Arf proteins, especially for the less-studied members, revealing new biological functions, such as amino acid sensing. Experiments with cutting-edge technologies and in vivo functional studies in the last decade help to provide a more comprehensive view of Arf family functions. In this review, we summarize the cellular functions that are regulated by at least two different Arf members with an emphasis on those beyond vesicle biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Long Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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22
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Essletzbichler P, Sedlyarov V, Frommelt F, Soulat D, Heinz LX, Stefanovic A, Neumayer B, Superti-Furga G. A genome-wide CRISPR functional survey of the human phagocytosis molecular machinery. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201715. [PMID: 36725334 PMCID: PMC9892931 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, the process by which cells engulf large particles, plays a vital role in driving tissue clearance and host defense. Its dysregulation is connected to autoimmunity, toxic accumulation of proteins, and increased risks for infections. Despite its importance, we lack full understanding of all molecular components involved in the process. To create a functional map in human cells, we performed a genome-wide CRISPRko FACS screen that identified 716 genes. Mapping those hits to a comprehensive protein-protein interaction network annotated for functional cellular processes allowed retrieval of protein complexes identified multiple times and detection of missing phagocytosis regulators. In addition to known components, such as the Arp2/3 complex, the vacuolar-ATPase-Rag machinery, and the Wave-2 complex, we identified and validated new phagocytosis-relevant functions, including the oligosaccharyltransferase complex (MAGT1/SLC58A1, DDOST, STT3B, and RPN2) and the hypusine pathway (eIF5A, DHPS, and DOHH). Overall, our phagocytosis network comprises elements of cargo uptake, shuffling, and biotransformation through the cell, providing a resource for the identification of potential novel drivers for diseases of the endo-lysosomal system. Our approach of integrating protein-protein interaction offers a broadly applicable way to functionally interpret genome-wide screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Essletzbichler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitaly Sedlyarov
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Frommelt
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Didier Soulat
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adrijana Stefanovic
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Neumayer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Shi H, Ji Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li W. Circ-N4BP2L2 enhances mitochondrial function in non-small cell lung cancer cells through regulating the miR-135a-5p/ARL5B axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:883-898. [PMID: 36637163 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main histological subtype of lung cancer with a high incidence and mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert vital functions in various cancers by acting as a sponge of miRNAs to abolish their inhibitory effect on target genes. This study aims to explore the biological function of circRNA NEDD4 binding protein 2 like 2 (circ-N4BP2L2) in NSCLC. We found that circ-N4BP2L2 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells by using RT-qPCR. A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA-circN4BP2L2 or sh-circN4BP2L2 to obtain circN4BP2L2-overexpressed or -silenced cells, and then cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis were determined. The results showed that knockdown of circ-N4BP2L2 repressed cell proliferation, invasion as well as mitochondrial function, and promoted cell apoptosis; while overexpression of circ-N4BP2L2 resulted in the opposite results. Mechanistically, the targeting correlations between miR-135a-5p and circ-N4BP2L2 or ADP-ribosylation factorlike 5B (ARL5B) were confirmed by using dual luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. In addition, we found that circ-N4BP2L2 could promote the expression of ARL5B by serving as a sponge of miR-135a-5p. Moreover, rescue assays revealed that silencing miR-135a-5p or overexpressing ARL5B was able to abate the effects of circ-N4BP2L2 knockdown on malignant phenotypes and mitochondrial function of A549 cells. Finally, tumorigenicity assay demonstrated that circ-N4BP2L2 facilitated NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, circ-N4BP2L2 enhanced NSCLC progression via the miR-135a-5p/ARL5B axis, which may provide a novel therapeutic target of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqiang Ji
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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24
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De Pace R, Bonifacino JS. Phagocytosis: Phagolysosome vesiculation promotes cell corpse degradation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R143-R146. [PMID: 36854271 PMCID: PMC11071328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Cutting up food into small pieces is well known to improve digestion. New work now shows that this concept also applies in the cellular world, by demonstrating that phagolysosome vesiculation promotes cell corpse degradation in Caenorhabditis elegans blastomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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25
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Patra S, Patil S, Klionsky DJ, Bhutia SK. Lysosome signaling in cell survival and programmed cell death for cellular homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:287-305. [PMID: 36502521 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in lysosome biology have transformed our view of lysosomes from static garbage disposals that can also act as suicide bags to decidedly dynamic multirole adaptive operators of cellular homeostasis. Lysosome-governed signaling pathways, proteins, and transcription factors equilibrate the rate of catabolism and anabolism (autophagy to lysosomal biogenesis and metabolite pool maintenance) by sensing cellular metabolic status. Lysosomes also interact with other organelles by establishing contact sites through which they exchange cellular contents. Lysosomal function is critically assessed by lysosomal positioning and motility for cellular adaptation. In this setting, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (MTOR) is the chief architect of lysosomal signaling to control cellular homeostasis. Notably, lysosomes can orchestrate explicit cell death mechanisms, such as autophagic cell death and lysosomal membrane permeabilization-associated regulated necrotic cell death, to maintain cellular homeostasis. These lines of evidence emphasize that the lysosomes serve as a central signaling hub for cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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26
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Schleinitz A, Pöttgen LA, Keren-Kaplan T, Pu J, Saftig P, Bonifacino JS, Haas A, Jeschke A. Consecutive functions of small GTPases guide HOPS-mediated tethering of late endosomes and lysosomes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111969. [PMID: 36640308 PMCID: PMC10018218 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transfer of endocytosed cargoes to lysosomes (LYSs) requires HOPS, a multiprotein complex that tethers late endosomes (LEs) to LYSs before fusion. Many proteins interact with HOPS on LEs/LYSs. However, it is not clear whether these HOPS interactors localize to LEs or LYSs or how they participate in tethering. Here, we biochemically characterized endosomes purified from untreated or experimentally manipulated cells to put HOPS and interacting proteins in order and to establish their functional interdependence. Our results assign Rab2a and Rab7 to LEs and Arl8 and BORC to LYSs and show that HOPS drives LE-LYS fusion by bridging late endosomal Rab2a with lysosomal BORC-anchored Arl8. We further show that Rab7 is absent from sites of HOPS-dependent tethering but promotes fusion by moving LEs toward LYSs via dynein. Thus, our study identifies the topology of the machinery for LE-LYS tethering and elucidates the role of different small GTPases in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tal Keren-Kaplan
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jing Pu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism, Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Albert Haas
- Cell Biology Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andreas Jeschke
- Cell Biology Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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27
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Rawat S, Chatterjee D, Marwaha R, Charak G, Kumar G, Shaw S, Khatter D, Sharma S, de Heus C, Liv N, Klumperman J, Tuli A, Sharma M. RUFY1 binds Arl8b and mediates endosome-to-TGN CI-M6PR retrieval for cargo sorting to lysosomes. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202108001. [PMID: 36282215 PMCID: PMC9597352 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arl8b, an Arf-like GTP-binding protein, regulates cargo trafficking and positioning of lysosomes. However, it is unknown whether Arl8b regulates lysosomal cargo sorting. Here, we report that Arl8b binds to the Rab4 and Rab14 interaction partner, RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein (RUFY) 1, a known regulator of cargo sorting from recycling endosomes. Arl8b determines RUFY1 endosomal localization through regulating its interaction with Rab14. RUFY1 depletion led to a delay in CI-M6PR retrieval from endosomes to the TGN, resulting in impaired delivery of newly synthesized hydrolases to lysosomes. We identified the dynein-dynactin complex as an RUFY1 interaction partner, and similar to a subset of activating dynein adaptors, the coiled-coil region of RUFY1 was required for interaction with dynein and the ability to mediate dynein-dependent organelle clustering. Our findings suggest that Arl8b and RUFY1 play a novel role on recycling endosomes, from where this machinery regulates endosomes to TGN retrieval of CI-M6PR and, consequently, lysosomal cargo sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Rawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Punjab, India
| | - Dhruba Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Punjab, India
| | - Rituraj Marwaha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Punjab, India
| | - Gitanjali Charak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shrestha Shaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Punjab, India
| | - Divya Khatter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Punjab, India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Cecilia de Heus
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Amit Tuli
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mahak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Punjab, India
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Ballesteros-Álvarez J, Nguyen W, Sivapatham R, Rane A, Andersen JK. Urolithin A reduces amyloid-beta load and improves cognitive deficits uncorrelated with plaque burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2022; 45:1095-1113. [PMID: 36576642 PMCID: PMC9886708 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of urolithin A (UA), a metabolite generated from ellagic acid via its metabolism by gut bacteria, as an autophagy activator with potential neuroprotective activity. WT and 3xTg-AD mice were administered long-term intermittent dietary supplementation with UA. UA was found to prevent deficits in spatial memory, cued fear response, and exploratory behavior in this model. It also decreased the Aβ plaque burden in areas of the hippocampus where these protein deposits are prominent in the model. Interestingly, correlation analyses demonstrate that Aβ plaque burden positively correlates with enhanced spatial memory in 3xTg-AD mice on a control diet but not in those supplemented with UA. In contrast, Aβ42 abundance in cortical and hippocampal homogenates negatively correlate with spatial memory in UA-fed mice. Our data suggest that plaque formation may be a protective mechanism against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline and that targeting the generation of proteotoxic Aβ species might be a more successful approach in halting disease progression. UA was also found to extend lifespan in normal aging mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that UA is able to induce autophagy and to increase Aβ clearance in neuronal cell lines. In summary, our studies reveal UA, likely via its actions as a autophagy inducer, is capable of removing Aβ from neurons and its dietary administration prevents the onset of cognitive deficits associated with pathological Aβ deposition in the 3xTg-AD mouse model as well as extending lifespan in normal aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wynnie Nguyen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA USA
| | | | - Anand Rane
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA USA
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Pavlova EV, Lev D, Michelson M, Yosovich K, Michaeli HG, Bright NA, Manna PT, Dickson VK, Tylee KL, Church HJ, Luzio JP, Cox TM. Juvenile mucopolysaccharidosis plus disease caused by a missense mutation in VPS33A. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:2265-2278. [PMID: 36153662 PMCID: PMC10091966 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A rare and fatal disease resembling mucopolysaccharidosis in infants, is caused by impaired intracellular endocytic trafficking due to deficiency of core components of the intracellular membrane-tethering protein complexes, HOPS, and CORVET. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel VPS33A mutation in a patient suffering from a variant form of mucopolysaccharidosis. Electron and confocal microscopy, immunoblotting, and glycosphingolipid trafficking experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of the mutant VPS33A in patient-derived skin fibroblasts. We describe an attenuated juvenile form of VPS33A-related syndrome-mucopolysaccharidosis plus in a man who is homozygous for a hitherto unknown missense mutation (NM_022916.4: c.599 G>C; NP_075067.2:p. Arg200Pro) in a conserved region of the VPS33A gene. Urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analysis revealed increased heparan, dermatan sulphates, and hyaluronic acid. We showed decreased abundance of VPS33A in patient derived fibroblasts and provided evidence that the p.Arg200Pro mutation leads to destablization of the protein and proteasomal degradation. As in the infantile form of mucopolysaccharidosis plus, the endocytic compartment in the fibroblasts also expanded-a phenomenon accompanied by increased endolysosomal acidification and impaired intracellular glycosphingolipid trafficking. Experimental treatment of the patient's cultured fibroblasts with the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, or exposure to an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthesis, eliglustat, improved glycosphingolipid trafficking. To our knowledge this is the first report of an attenuated juvenile form of VPS33A insufficiency characterized by appreciable residual endosomal-lysosomal trafficking and a milder mucopolysaccharidosis plus than the disease in infants. Our findings expand the proof of concept of redeploying clinically approved drugs for therapeutic exploitation in patients with juvenile as well as infantile forms of mucopolysaccharidosis plus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Pavlova
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dorit Lev
- Wolfson Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Genetics, Holon, Israel.,The Rina Mor Institute of Medical Genetics, Holon, Israel.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Michelson
- Wolfson Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Genetics, Holon, Israel
| | - Keren Yosovich
- Wolfson Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Genetics, Holon, Israel
| | - Hila Gur Michaeli
- Wolfson Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Genetics, Holon, Israel
| | - Nicholas A Bright
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul T Manna
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Veronica Kane Dickson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen L Tylee
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Heather J Church
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - J Paul Luzio
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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30
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Singh J, Elhabashy H, Muthukottiappan P, Stepath M, Eisenacher M, Kohlbacher O, Gieselmann V, Winter D. Cross-linking of the endolysosomal system reveals potential flotillin structures and cargo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6212. [PMID: 36266287 PMCID: PMC9584938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are well-established as the main cellular organelles for the degradation of macromolecules and emerging as regulatory centers of metabolism. They are of crucial importance for cellular homeostasis, which is exemplified by a plethora of disorders related to alterations in lysosomal function. In this context, protein complexes play a decisive role, regulating not only metabolic lysosomal processes but also lysosome biogenesis, transport, and interaction with other organelles. Using cross-linking mass spectrometry, we analyze lysosomes and early endosomes. Based on the identification of 5376 cross-links, we investigate protein-protein interactions and structures of lysosome- and endosome-related proteins. In particular, we present evidence for a tetrameric assembly of the lysosomal hydrolase PPT1 and a heterodimeric structure of FLOT1/FLOT2 at lysosomes and early endosomes. For FLOT1-/FLOT2-positive early endosomes, we identify >300 putative cargo proteins and confirm eleven substrates for flotillin-dependent endocytosis, including the latrophilin family of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasjot Singh
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hadeer Elhabashy
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max-Planck-Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pathma Muthukottiappan
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Stepath
- Medical Proteome-Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, 48801, Bochum, Germany
- Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 48801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Medical Proteome-Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, 48801, Bochum, Germany
- Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 48801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volkmar Gieselmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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31
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Arif T. Lysosomes and Their Role in Regulating the Metabolism of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1410. [PMID: 36290314 PMCID: PMC9598322 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the capacity to renew blood cells at all stages of life and are largely quiescent at a steady state. It is essential to understand the processes that govern quiescence in HSCs to enhance bone marrow transplantation. It is hypothesized that in their quiescent state, HSCs primarily use glycolysis for energy production rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In addition, the HSC switch from quiescence to activation occurs along a continuous developmental path that is driven by metabolism. Specifying the metabolic regulation pathway of HSC quiescence will provide insights into HSC homeostasis for therapeutic application. Therefore, understanding the metabolic demands of HSCs at a steady state is key to developing innovative hematological therapeutics. Lysosomes are the major degradative organelle in eukaryotic cells. Catabolic, anabolic, and lysosomal function abnormalities are connected to an expanding list of diseases. In recent years, lysosomes have emerged as control centers of cellular metabolism, particularly in HSC quiescence, and essential regulators of cell signaling have been found on the lysosomal membrane. In addition to autophagic processes, lysosomal activities have been shown to be crucial in sustaining quiescence by restricting HSCs access to a nutritional reserve essential for their activation into the cell cycle. Lysosomal activity may preserve HSC quiescence by altering glycolysis-mitochondrial biogenesis. The understanding of HSC metabolism has significantly expanded over the decade, revealing previously unknown requirements of HSCs in both their dividing (active) and quiescent states. Therefore, understanding the role of lysosomes in HSCs will allow for the development of innovative treatment methods based on HSCs to fight clonal hematopoiesis and HSC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasleem Arif
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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32
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Zhang Z, Sun Y, Xue J, Jin D, Li X, Zhao D, Lian F, Qi W, Tong X. The critical role of dysregulated autophagy in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977410. [PMID: 36091814 PMCID: PMC9453227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major public health problems in society today. It is a renal complication caused by diabetes mellitus with predominantly microangiopathy and is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Autophagy is a metabolic pathway for the intracellular degradation of cytoplasmic products and damaged organelles and plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and function of the renal cells. The dysregulation of autophagy in the hyperglycaemic state of diabetes mellitus can lead to the progression of DKD, and the activation or restoration of autophagy through drugs is beneficial to the recovery of renal function. This review summarizes the physiological process of autophagy, illustrates the close link between DKD and autophagy, and discusses the effects of drugs on autophagy and the signaling pathways involved from the perspective of podocytes, renal tubular epithelial cells, and mesangial cells, in the hope that this will be useful for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - De Jin
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
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33
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Majeed ST, Majeed R, Andrabi KI. Expanding the view of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy pathway. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3257-3277. [PMID: 35791448 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Tahir Majeed
- Department of Biotechnology Central University of Kashmir Ganderbal Jammu and Kashmir India
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Rabiya Majeed
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
- Department of Biochemistry University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Khurshid I. Andrabi
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
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34
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Bell CJ, Gupta N, Tremblay KD, Mager J. Borcs6 is required for endo-lysosomal degradation during early development. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:337-350. [PMID: 35726782 PMCID: PMC9391301 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Early development and differentiation require precise control of cellular functions. Lysosomal degradation is a critical component of normal cellular homeostasis, allowing for degradation of signaling molecules, proteins, and other macromolecules for cellular remodeling and signaling. Little is known about the role of lysosomal function in mammalian embryos before gastrulation. Borcs6 is a protein involved in lysosomal trafficking as well as endo-lysosomal and autophagosome fusion. Here, we show that Borcs6 is necessary for efficient endo-lysosomal degradation in the early embryo. Although embryos lacking Borcs6 are developmentally comparable to control littermates at E5.5, they are characterized by large cells containing increased levels of late endosomes and abnormal nuclei. Furthermore, these embryos display a skewed ratio of extraembryonic and embryonic cell lineages, are delayed by E6.5, and do not undergo normal gastrulation. These results demonstrate the essential functions of lysosomal positioning and fusion with endosomes during early embryonic development and indicate that the early lethality of BORCS6 mutant embryos is primarily due to defects in the HOPS-related function of BORC rather than lysosomal positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Bell
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neha Gupta
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly D Tremblay
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jesse Mager
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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35
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Mechanisms regulating the sorting of soluble lysosomal proteins. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231123. [PMID: 35394021 PMCID: PMC9109462 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are key regulators of many fundamental cellular processes such as metabolism, autophagy, immune response, cell signalling and plasma membrane repair. These highly dynamic organelles are composed of various membrane and soluble proteins, which are essential for their proper functioning. The soluble proteins include numerous proteases, glycosidases and other hydrolases, along with activators, required for catabolism. The correct sorting of soluble lysosomal proteins is crucial to ensure the proper functioning of lysosomes and is achieved through the coordinated effort of many sorting receptors, resident ER and Golgi proteins, and several cytosolic components. Mutations in a number of proteins involved in sorting soluble proteins to lysosomes result in human disease. These can range from rare diseases such as lysosome storage disorders, to more prevalent ones, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and others, including rare neurodegenerative diseases that affect children. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that regulate the sorting of soluble proteins to lysosomes and highlight the effects of mutations in this pathway that cause human disease. More precisely, we will review the route taken by soluble lysosomal proteins from their translation into the ER, their maturation along the Golgi apparatus, and sorting at the trans-Golgi network. We will also highlight the effects of mutations in this pathway that cause human disease.
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36
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Kumar G, Chawla P, Dhiman N, Chadha S, Sharma S, Sethi K, Sharma M, Tuli A. RUFY3 links Arl8b and JIP4-Dynein complex to regulate lysosome size and positioning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1540. [PMID: 35314681 PMCID: PMC8938454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional movement of lysosomes on microtubule tracks regulates their whole-cell spatial arrangement. Arl8b, a small GTP-binding (G) protein, promotes lysosome anterograde trafficking mediated by kinesin-1. Herein, we report an Arl8b effector, RUFY3, which regulates the retrograde transport of lysosomes. We show that RUFY3 interacts with the JIP4-dynein-dynactin complex and facilitates Arl8b association with the retrograde motor complex. Accordingly, RUFY3 knockdown disrupts the positioning of Arl8b-positive endosomes and reduces Arl8b colocalization with Rab7-marked late endosomal compartments. Moreover, we find that RUFY3 regulates nutrient-dependent lysosome distribution, although autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic cargo degradation are not impaired upon RUFY3 depletion. Interestingly, lysosome size is significantly reduced in RUFY3 depleted cells, which could be rescued by inhibition of the lysosome reformation regulatory factor PIKFYVE. These findings suggest a model in which the perinuclear cloud arrangement of lysosomes regulates both the positioning and size of these proteolytic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Prateek Chawla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Dhiman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sanya Chadha
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanupriya Sethi
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mahak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Tuli
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India.
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37
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Keren-Kaplan T, Sarić A, Ghosh S, Williamson CD, Jia R, Li Y, Bonifacino JS. RUFY3 and RUFY4 are ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1506. [PMID: 35314674 PMCID: PMC8938451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase ARL8 associates with endolysosomes, leading to the recruitment of several effectors that couple endolysosomes to kinesins for anterograde transport along microtubules, and to tethering factors for eventual fusion with other organelles. Herein we report the identification of the RUN- and FYVE-domain-containing proteins RUFY3 and RUFY4 as ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin for retrograde transport along microtubules. Using various methodologies, we find that RUFY3 and RUFY4 interact with both GTP-bound ARL8 and dynein-dynactin. In addition, we show that RUFY3 and RUFY4 promote concentration of endolysosomes in the juxtanuclear area of non-neuronal cells, and drive redistribution of endolysosomes from the axon to the soma in hippocampal neurons. The function of RUFY3 in retrograde transport contributes to the juxtanuclear redistribution of endolysosomes upon cytosol alkalinization. These studies thus identify RUFY3 and RUFY4 as ARL8-dependent, dynein-dynactin adaptors or regulators, and highlight the role of ARL8 in the control of both anterograde and retrograde endolysosome transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Keren-Kaplan
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amra Sarić
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rui Jia
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Williamson CD, Guardia CM, De Pace R, Bonifacino JS, Saric A. Measurement of Lysosome Positioning by Shell Analysis and Line Scan. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2473:285-306. [PMID: 35819772 PMCID: PMC11072972 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2209-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that degrade diverse biomolecules and regulate a multitude of other essential processes including cell growth and metabolism, signaling, plasma membrane repair and infection. Such diverse functions of lysosomes are highly coordinated in space and time and are therefore tightly coupled to the directional transport of the organelles within the cytoplasm. Thus, robust quantitative assessments of lysosome positioning within the cell provide a valuable tool for researchers interested in understanding these multifunctional organelles. Here, we present point-by-point methodology to measure lysosome positioning by two straight forward and widely used techniques: shell analysis and line scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos M Guardia
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amra Saric
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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39
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Chassefeyre R, Chaiamarit T, Verhelle A, Novak SW, Andrade LR, Leitão ADG, Manor U, Encalada SE. Endosomal sorting drives the formation of axonal prion protein endoggresomes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg3693. [PMID: 34936461 PMCID: PMC8694590 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg3693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic aggregation of misfolded prion protein (PrP) in axons underlies prion disease pathologies. The molecular mechanisms driving axonal misfolded PrP aggregate formation leading to neurotoxicity are unknown. We found that the small endolysosomal guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Arl8b recruits kinesin-1 and Vps41 (HOPS) onto endosomes carrying misfolded mutant PrP to promote their axonal entry and homotypic fusion toward aggregation inside enlarged endomembranes that we call endoggresomes. This axonal rapid endosomal sorting and transport-dependent aggregation (ARESTA) mechanism forms pathologic PrP endoggresomes that impair calcium dynamics and reduce neuronal viability. Inhibiting ARESTA diminishes endoggresome formation, rescues calcium influx, and prevents neuronal death. Our results identify ARESTA as a key pathway for the regulation of endoggresome formation and a new actionable antiaggregation target to ameliorate neuronal dysfunction in the prionopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Chassefeyre
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tai Chaiamarit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adriaan Verhelle
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Leonardo R. Andrade
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - André D. G. Leitão
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sandra E. Encalada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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40
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Fountain A, Inpanathan S, Alves P, Verdawala MB, Botelho RJ. Phagosome maturation in macrophages: Eat, digest, adapt, and repeat. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 82:100832. [PMID: 34717137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a dynamic process that requires an intricate interplay between phagocytic receptors, membrane lipids, and numerous signalling proteins and their effectors, to coordinate the engulfment of a bound particle. These particles are diverse in their physico-chemical properties such as size and shape and include bacteria, fungi, apoptotic cells, living tumour cells, and abiotic particles. Once engulfed, these particles are enclosed within a phagosome, which undergoes a striking transformation referred to as phagosome maturation, which will ultimately lead to the processing and degradation of the enclosed particulate. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in phagosome maturation in macrophages, highlighting new discoveries and emerging themes. Such advancements include identification of new GTPases and their effectors and the intricate spatio-temporal dynamics of phosphoinositides in governing phagosome maturation. We then explore phagosome fission and recycling, the emerging role of membrane contact sites, and delve into mechanisms of phagosome resolution to recycle and reform lysosomes. We further illustrate how phagosome maturation is context-dependent, subject to the type of particle, phagocytic receptors, the phagocytes and their state of activation during phagocytosis. Lastly, we discuss how phagosomes serve as signalling platforms to help phagocytes adapt to their environmental conditions. Overall, this review aims to cover recent findings, identify emerging themes, and highlight current challenges and directions to improve our understanding of phagosome maturation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Fountain
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Subothan Inpanathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Patris Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Munira B Verdawala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada.
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41
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Zheng QK, Ma C, ullah I, Hu K, Ma RJ, Zhang N, Sun ZG. Roles of N6-Methyladenosine Demethylase FTO in Malignant Tumors Progression. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4837-4846. [PMID: 34556998 PMCID: PMC8453432 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s329232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2007, the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene was discovered initially to regulate body mass index and obesity and was subsequently found to be the first mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylation enzyme, which can demethylate m6A. A growing body of evidence shows that m6A modification is involved in a variety of cell biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and self-renewal through different regulatory mechanisms. In recent years, a large number of studies have found that m6A modification play key role in the occurrence and development of tumors, such as acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc. As a function of m6A demethylase, FTO has attracted more and more attention in cancer. There is evidence that specific FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be significantly associated with overweight and cancer susceptibility by regulating the expression of related genes. Besides, when the expression level of FTO is altered or dysfunctional, it may be involved in the occurrence and progression of a variety of tumors as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene, usually in an m6A-dependent manner. Further research found that FTO is involved in the development of different kinds of malignant tumors, but the mechanism is unknown. According to this review, The FTO gene's research progress in tumors is reviewed, aiming to find new targets for molecular pathological diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Kang Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Irfan ullah
- Department of Surgery, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kang Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jie Ma
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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42
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Abstract
Lysosomes are the main degradative organelles of almost all eukaryotic cells. They fulfil a crucial function in cellular homeostasis, and impairments in lysosomal function are connected to a continuously increasing number of pathological conditions. In recent years, lysosomes are furthermore emerging as control centers of cellular metabolism, and major regulators of cellular signaling were shown to be activated at the lysosomal surface. To date, >300 proteins were demonstrated to be located in/at the lysosome, and the lysosomal proteome and interactome is constantly growing. For the identification of these proteins, and their involvement in cellular mechanisms or disease progression, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has proven its worth in a large number of studies. In this review, we are recapitulating the application of MS-based approaches for the investigation of the lysosomal proteome, and their application to a diverse set of research questions. Numerous strategies were applied for the enrichment of lysosomes or lysosomal proteins and their identification by MS-based methods. This allowed for the characterization of the lysosomal proteome, the investigation of lysosome-related disorders, the utilization of lysosomal proteins as biomarkers for diseases, and the characterization of lysosome-related cellular mechanisms. While these >60 studies provide a comprehensive picture of the lysosomal proteome across several model organisms and pathological conditions, various proteomics approaches have not been applied to lysosomes yet, and a large number of questions are still left unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathma Muthukottiappan
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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43
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Ramakrishnan S, Baptista RP, Asady B, Huang G, Docampo R. TbVps41 regulates trafficking of endocytic but not biosynthetic cargo to lysosomes of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21641. [PMID: 34041791 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100487r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The bloodstream stage of Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, is characterized by its high rate of endocytosis, which is involved in remodeling of its surface coat. Here we present evidence that RNAi-mediated expression down-regulation of vacuolar protein sorting 41 (Vps41), a component of the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex, leads to a strong inhibition of endocytosis, vesicle accumulation, enlargement of the flagellar pocket ("big eye" phenotype), and dramatic effect on cell growth. Unexpectedly, other functions described for Vps41 in mammalian cells and yeasts, such as delivery of proteins to lysosomes, and lysosome-related organelles (acidocalcisomes) were unaffected, indicating that in trypanosomes post-Golgi trafficking is distinct from that of mammalian cells and yeasts. The essentiality of TbVps41 suggests that it is a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beejan Asady
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Guozhong Huang
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Roberto Docampo
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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44
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Lancaster CE, Fountain A, Dayam RM, Somerville E, Sheth J, Jacobelli V, Somerville A, Terebiznik MR, Botelho RJ. Phagosome resolution regenerates lysosomes and maintains the degradative capacity in phagocytes. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212440. [PMID: 34180943 PMCID: PMC8241537 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes engulf unwanted particles into phagosomes that then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the enclosed particles. Ultimately, phagosomes must be recycled to help recover membrane resources that were consumed during phagocytosis and phagosome maturation, a process referred to as “phagosome resolution.” Little is known about phagosome resolution, which may proceed through exocytosis or membrane fission. Here, we show that bacteria-containing phagolysosomes in macrophages undergo fragmentation through vesicle budding, tubulation, and constriction. Phagosome fragmentation requires cargo degradation, the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, and clathrin. We provide evidence that lysosome reformation occurs during phagosome resolution since the majority of phagosome-derived vesicles displayed lysosomal properties. Importantly, we show that clathrin-dependent phagosome resolution is important to maintain the degradative capacity of macrophages challenged with two waves of phagocytosis. Overall, our work suggests that phagosome resolution contributes to lysosome recovery and to maintaining the degradative power of macrophages to handle multiple waves of phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene E Lancaster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Fountain
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roaya M Dayam
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elliott Somerville
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javal Sheth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Jacobelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Somerville
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mauricio R Terebiznik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Small GTPases of the Rab and Arf Families: Key Regulators of Intracellular Trafficking in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094425. [PMID: 33922618 PMCID: PMC8122874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) of the Rab and Arf families are key regulators of vesicle formation and membrane trafficking. Membrane transport plays an important role in the central nervous system. In this regard, neurons require a constant flow of membranes for the correct distribution of receptors, for the precise composition of proteins and organelles in dendrites and axons, for the continuous exocytosis/endocytosis of synaptic vesicles and for the elimination of dysfunctional proteins. Thus, it is not surprising that Rab and Arf GTPases have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Both pathologies share characteristics such as the presence of protein aggregates and/or the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus, hallmarks that have been related to both Rab and Arf GTPases functions. Despite their relationship with neurodegenerative disorders, very few studies have focused on the role of these GTPases in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize their importance in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, as well as their emergence as potential therapeutical targets for neurodegeneration.
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46
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Chen S, Zhang X, Nie Y, Li H, Chen W, Lin W, Chen F, Xie Q. African Swine Fever Virus Protein E199L Promotes Cell Autophagy through the Interaction of PYCR2. Virol Sin 2021; 36:196-206. [PMID: 33830435 PMCID: PMC8027715 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), as a member of the large DNA viruses, may regulate autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting programmed cell death. However, the function of ASFV proteins has not been fully elucidated, especially the role of autophagy in ASFV infection. One of three Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases (PYCR), is primarily involved in conversion of glutamate to proline. Previous studies have shown that depletion of PYCR2 was related to the induction of autophagy. In the present study, we found for the first time that ASFV E199L protein induced a complete autophagy process in Vero and HEK-293T cells. Through co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (CoIP-MS) analysis, we firstly identified that E199L interact with PYCR2 in vitro. Importantly, our work provides evidence that E199L down-regulated the expression of PYCR2, resulting in autophagy activation. Overall, our results demonstrate that ASFV E199L protein induces complete autophagy through interaction with PYCR2 and down-regulate the expression level of PYCR2, which provide a valuable reference for the role of autophagy during ASFV infection and contribute to the functional clues of PYCR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu Nie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongxin Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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47
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Nguyen JA, Yates RM. Better Together: Current Insights Into Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636078. [PMID: 33717183 PMCID: PMC7946854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following phagocytosis, the nascent phagosome undergoes maturation to become a phagolysosome with an acidic, hydrolytic, and often oxidative lumen that can efficiently kill and digest engulfed microbes, cells, and debris. The fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes is a principal driver of phagosomal maturation and is targeted by several adapted intracellular pathogens. Impairment of this process has significant consequences for microbial infection, tissue inflammation, the onset of adaptive immunity, and disease. Given the importance of phagosome-lysosome fusion to phagocyte function and the many virulence factors that target it, it is unsurprising that multiple molecular pathways have evolved to mediate this essential process. While the full range of these pathways has yet to be fully characterized, several pathways involving proteins such as members of the Rab GTPases, tethering factors and SNAREs have been identified. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge to clarify the ambiguities in the field and construct a more comprehensive phagolysosome formation model. Lastly, we discuss how other cellular pathways help support phagolysosome biogenesis and, consequently, phagocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute of Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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48
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Saric A, Freeman SA. Endomembrane Tension and Trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:611326. [PMID: 33490077 PMCID: PMC7820182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.611326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells employ diverse uptake mechanisms depending on their specialized functions. While such mechanisms vary widely in their defining criteria: scale, molecular machinery utilized, cargo selection, and cargo destination, to name a few, they all result in the internalization of extracellular solutes and fluid into membrane-bound endosomes. Upon scission from the plasma membrane, this compartment is immediately subjected to extensive remodeling which involves tubulation and vesiculation/budding of the limiting endomembrane. This is followed by a maturation process involving concomitant retrograde transport by microtubule-based motors and graded fusion with late endosomes and lysosomes, organelles that support the degradation of the internalized content. Here we review an important determinant for sorting and trafficking in early endosomes and in lysosomes; the control of tension on the endomembrane. Remodeling of endomembranes is opposed by high tension (caused by high hydrostatic pressure) and supported by the relief of tension. We describe how the timely and coordinated efflux of major solutes along the endocytic pathway affords the cell control over such tension. The channels and transporters that expel the smallest components of the ingested medium from the early endocytic fluid are described in detail as these systems are thought to enable endomembrane deformation by curvature-sensing/generating coat proteins. We also review similar considerations for the lysosome where resident hydrolases liberate building blocks from luminal macromolecules and transporters flux these organic solutes to orchestrate trafficking events. How the cell directs organellar trafficking based on the luminal contents of organelles of the endocytic pathway is not well-understood, however, we propose that the control over membrane tension by solute transport constitutes one means for this to ensue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Saric
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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49
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Zhao S, Zhang Y, Pei M, Wu L, Li J. miR-145 inhibits mitochondrial function of ovarian cancer by targeting ARL5B. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:8. [PMID: 33419459 PMCID: PMC7796643 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming refers to the transformation of the whole metabolic network including glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, mainly manifested in Warburg effect and mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. The roles of miR-145 in glycolysis have been established in ovarian cancer cells. Howerer, its roles in mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming are still unclear. This study aims to identify whether miR-145 regulates mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in ovarian cancer cells. First, functional experiment showed that overexpression of miR-145 inhibited mitochondrial function in ovarian cancer cells, evident by the decreased mtDNA copy numbers, ATP level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the expression levels of mitochondrial markers. Mechanistically, miR-145 inhibited mitochondrial function by targeting ARL5B directly. Futhermore, miR-145 overexpression decreased ARL5B expression in ovarian cancer tissue subcutaneous tumors of nude mice. In conclusion, we have highlighted that miR-145 inhibits mitochondrial function and achieves this by targeting ARL5B directly for the first time. The results provides a more adequate theoretical basis for understanding the molecular pathology of ovarian cancer, and provides the necessary basic data for miR-145 as a potential diagnosis and treatment target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhao
- Department of SICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meili Pei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Khan MA. Therapeutic implications of statins beyond lipid lowering: In the perspective of their effects on the antigen presentation, T cells and NKT cells. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2021; 15:1-2. [PMID: 33708037 PMCID: PMC7934128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masood Alam Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Masood Alam Khan, Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah - 51452, Saudi Arabia. Phone: +91-966507059437. E-mail:
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