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Hipólito LTM, Batista TH, Dos Anjos-Garcia T, Giusti-Paiva A, Vilela FC. Methimazole-induced gestational hypothyroidism affects the offspring development and differently impairs the conditioned fear in male and female adulthood rodents. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:108-120. [PMID: 36445265 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational hypothyroidism is a prevalent disorder in pregnant women and also impairs fetal development with relevant outcomes. One of the outcomes of greatest interest has been rodent fear- and anxiety-like behavior. However, the relationship between maternal hypothyroidism and onset of conditioned fear-related responses in offspring remains controversial. Here, we used a well-validated methimazole-induced gestational hypothyroidism to investigate the behavioral consequences in offspring. Dams were treated with methimazole at 0.02% in drinking water up to gestational Day 9. Maternal body weights and maternal behavior were evaluated, and the puppies ware analyzed for weight gain and physical/behavioral development and assigned for the open field and fear conditioning test. Methimazole-induced gestational hypothyroidism induced loss in maternal and litter weight, increases in maternal behavior, and impairs in offspring developmental landmarks in both male and female rodents. Only male offspring enhanced responsiveness to conditioned fear-like behavior in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa T M Hipólito
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Tatiane H Batista
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Tayllon Dos Anjos-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Giusti-Paiva
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana C Vilela
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
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Developmental thyroid disruption causes long-term impacts on immune cell function and transcriptional responses to pathogen in a small fish model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14496. [PMID: 34262125 PMCID: PMC8280131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests thyroid hormones (THs) impact development of the immune system, but few studies have explored the connection between the thyroid and immune systems, especially in fish. This is important as some environmental contaminants disrupt TH homeostasis and may thus have negative impacts on the immune system. To determine the long-term consequences of early life stage (ELS) hypothyroidism on immune function, fathead minnows were exposed to the model thyroid hormone suppressant propylthiouracil (PTU) from < 1 to 30 days post hatch. Fish were transferred to clean water and raised to adulthood (5-7 months post hatch) at which time, several aspects of immune function were evaluated. Ex vivo assessment of immune cell function revealed significant decreases (1.2-fold) in the phagocytic cell activity of PTU-treated fish relative to the controls. Fish were also injected with Yersinia ruckeri to evaluate their in vivo immune responses across a suite of endpoints (i.e., transcriptomic analysis, leukocyte counts, spleen index, hematocrit, bacterial load and pathogen resistance). The transcriptomic response to infection was significantly different between control and PTU-treated fish, though no differences in bacterial load or pathogen resistance were noted. Overall, these results suggest that early life stage TH suppression causes long-term impacts on immune function at the molecular and cellular levels suggesting a key role for TH signaling in normal immune system development. This study lays the foundation for further exploration into thyroid-immune crosstalk in fish. This is noteworthy as disruption of the thyroid system during development, which can occur in response to chemicals present in the environment, may have lasting effects on immune function in adulthood.
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Haensgen H, Albornoz E, Opazo MC, Bugueño K, Jara Fernández EL, Binzberger R, Rivero-Castillo T, Venegas Salas LF, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C, Elorza AA, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM, Riedel CA. Gestational Hypothyroxinemia Affects Its Offspring With a Reduced Suppressive Capacity Impairing the Outcome of the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1257. [PMID: 29928277 PMCID: PMC5997919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroxinemia (Hpx) is a thyroid hormone deficiency (THD) condition highly frequent during pregnancy, which although asymptomatic for the mother, it can impair the cognitive function of the offspring. Previous studies have shown that maternal hypothyroidism increases the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an autoimmune disease model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we analyzed the immune response after EAE induction in the adult offspring gestated in Hpx. Mice gestated in Hpx showed an early appearance of EAE symptoms and the increase of all parameters of the disease such as: the pathological score, spinal cord demyelination, and immune cell infiltration in comparison to the adult offspring gestated in euthyroidism. Isolated CD4+CD25+ T cells from spleen of the offspring gestated in Hpx that suffer EAE showed reduced capacity to suppress proliferation of effector T cells (TEff) after being stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Moreover, adoptive transfer experiments of CD4+CD25+ T cells from the offspring gestated in Hpx suffering EAE to mice that were induced with EAE showed that the receptor mice suffer more intense EAE pathological score. Even though, no significant differences were detected in the frequency of Treg cells and IL-10 content in the blood, spleen, and brain between mice gestated in Hpx or euthyroidism, T cells CD4+CD25+ from spleen have reduced capacity to differentiate in vitro to Treg and to produce IL-10. Thus, our data support the notion that maternal Hpx can imprint the immune response of the offspring suffering EAE probably due to a reduced capacity to trigger suppression. Such “imprints” on the immune system could contribute to explaining as to why adult offspring gestated in Hpx suffer earlier and more intense EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henny Haensgen
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Albornoz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - María C Opazo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherinne Bugueño
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Evelyn Liliana Jara Fernández
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Tomás Rivero-Castillo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Luis F Venegas Salas
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro A Elorza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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4
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Opazo MC, Haensgen H, Bohmwald K, Venegas LF, Boudin H, Elorza AA, Simon F, Fardella C, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Imprinting of maternal thyroid hormones in the offspring. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 36:240-255. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2016.1277216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Opazo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Henny Haensgen
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis F. Venegas
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alvaro A. Elorza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Faculta de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello
| | - Felipe Simon
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Fardella
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Faculta de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM UMR1064, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM UMR1064, Nantes, France
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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5
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Nieto PA, Peñaloza HF, Salazar-Echegarai FJ, Castellanos RM, Opazo MC, Venegas L, Padilla O, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA, Bueno SM. Gestational Hypothyroidism Improves the Ability of the Female Offspring to Clear Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection and to Recover From Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2217-28. [PMID: 27035652 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal thyroid hormones are essential for proper fetal development. A deficit of these hormones during gestation has enduring consequences in the central nervous system of the offspring, including detrimental learning and impaired memory. Few studies have shown that thyroid hormone deficiency has a transient effect in the number of T and B cells in the offspring gestated under hypothyroidism; however, there are no studies showing whether maternal hypothyroidism during gestation impacts the response of the offspring to infections. In this study, we have evaluated whether adult mice gestated in hypothyroid mothers have an altered response to pneumococcal pneumonia. We observed that female mice gestated in hypothyroidism have increased survival rate and less bacterial dissemination to blood and brain after an intranasal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Further, these mice had higher amounts of inflammatory cells in the lungs and reduced production of cytokines characteristic of sepsis in spleen, blood, and brain at 48 hours after infection. Interestingly, mice gestated in hypothyroid mothers had basally increased vascular permeability in the lungs. These observations suggest that gestational hypothyroidism alters the immune response and the physiology of lungs in the offspring, increasing the resistance to respiratory bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Nieto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Hernán F Peñaloza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Francisco J Salazar-Echegarai
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Raquel M Castellanos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Maria Cecilia Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Luis Venegas
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Oslando Padilla
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
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6
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Albornoz EA, Carreño LJ, Cortes CM, Gonzalez PA, Cisternas PA, Cautivo KM, Catalán TP, Opazo MC, Eugenin EA, Berman JW, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Gestational hypothyroidism increases the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in adult offspring. Thyroid 2013; 23:1627-37. [PMID: 23777566 PMCID: PMC3868374 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in appropriate fetal development during gestation. Offspring that have been gestated under maternal hypothyroidism suffer cognitive impairment. Thyroid hormone deficiency during gestation can significantly impact the central nervous system by altering the migration, differentiation, and function of neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Given that gestational hypothyroidism alters the immune cell ratio in offspring, it is possible that this condition could result in higher sensitivity for the development of autoimmune diseases. METHODS Adult mice gestated under hypothyroidism were induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Twenty-one days after EAE induction, the disease score, myelin content, immune cell infiltration, and oligodendrocyte death were evaluated. RESULTS We observed that mice gestated under hypothyroidism showed higher EAE scores after disease induction during adulthood compared to mice gestated in euthyroidism. In addition, spinal cord sections of mice gestated under hypothyroidism that suffered EAE in adulthood showed higher demyelination, CD4(+) and CD8(+) infiltration, and increased oligodendrocyte death. CONCLUSIONS These results show for the first time that a deficiency in maternal thyroid hormones during gestation can influence the outcome of a central nervous system inflammatory disease, such as EAE, in their offspring. These data strongly support evaluating thyroid hormones in pregnant women and treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy to prevent increased susceptibility to inflammatory diseases in the central nervous system of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A. Albornoz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Andrés Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Andrés Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Andrés Bello National University and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Andrés Bello National University and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia M. Cortes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Andrés Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Andrés Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Andrés Bello National University and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Andrés Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Andrés Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Andrés Bello National University and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Cisternas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Andrés Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Andrés Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Andrés Bello National University and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kelly M. Cautivo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Andrés Bello National University and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara P. Catalán
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Andrés Bello National University and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. Cecilia Opazo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Andrés Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Andrés Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Andrés Bello National University and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliseo A. Eugenin
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Joan W. Berman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Andrés Bello National University and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Andrés Bello National University and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Andrés Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Andrés Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Andrés Bello National University and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Bondy GS, Lefebvre DE, Aziz S, Cherry W, Coady L, Maclellan E, Armstrong C, Barker M, Cooke G, Gaertner D, Arnold DL, Mehta R, Rowsell PR. Toxicologic and immunologic effects of perinatal exposure to the brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) mixture DE-71 in the Sprague-Dawley rat. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:215-228. [PMID: 21544923 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) are persistent environmental contaminants found in human blood, tissues, and milk. To assess the impact of the commercial BDE mixture DE-71 on the developing immune system in relation to hepatic and thyroid changes, adult (F0) rats were exposed to DE-71 by gavage at doses of 0, 0.5, 5, or 25 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d for 21 weeks. F0 rats were bred and exposure continued through gestation, lactation and postweaning. F1 pups were weaned and exposed to DE-71 by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 22 to 42. On PND 42, half of the F1 rats were assessed for toxicologic changes. The remaining F1 rats were challenged with the T-dependent antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and immune function was assessed on PND 56. Dose-dependent increases in total BDE concentrations were detected in the liver and adipose of all F0 and F1 rats. In F0 rats, increased liver weight, hepatocellular hypertrophy, and decreased serum thyroxine (T4) were characteristic of DE-71 exposure. In F1 rats perinatal DE-71 exposure caused a nondose-dependent increase in body weight and dose-dependent increases in liver weight and hepatocellular hypertrophy. Serum T3 and T4 levels were decreased. In spleen from DE-71 exposed rats the area occupied by B cells declined while the area occupied by T cells increased; however, cellular and humoral immune responses to KLH challenge were not altered. Thus hepatic and thyroid changes in rats exposed perinatally to DE-71 were associated with altered splenic lymphocyte populations, an effect which has been linked to hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve S Bondy
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9.
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8
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Increased cellular distribution of vimentin and Ret in the cingulum induced by developmental hypothyroidism in rat offspring maternally exposed to anti-thyroid agents. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Estévez-Carmona MM, Meléndez-Camargo E, Ortiz-Butron R, Pineda-Reynoso M, Franco-Colin M, Cano-Europa E. Hypothyroidism maintained reactive oxygen species-steady state in the kidney of rats intoxicated with ethylene glycol: effect related to an increase in the glutathione that maintains the redox environment. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:555-66. [PMID: 22491722 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712442710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine whether hypothyroidism protects against ethylene glycol (EG)-induced renal damage and whether the redox environment participates in the protection process. We used 36 male Wistar rats divided into four groups: (1) euthyroid, (2) euthyroid + 0.75% EG, (3) hypothyroid, and (4) hypothyroid + 0.75% EG. Hypothyroidism occurred 2 weeks after thyroidectomy. The parathyroid gland was reimplanted. EG was administrated for 21 days in drinking water. On day 21, the renal function was assessed and then the rats were decapitated. The left kidney was processed for histology, and the right kidney was used to determine the redox environment, oxidative stress, and the testing of the antioxidant enzymatic system. EG in euthyroid rats reduced the hydric and electrolytic balance and it also caused oxidative stress and renal damage. Hypothyroidism per se modifies the renal function causing a low osmolal and potassium clearance and the filtered load of potassium and sodium. In addition, there was an enhanced redox state because hypothyroidism increases the reduced glutathione concentration caused by a high activity of γ-glutamylcysteine synthase. Hypothyroidism is a protective state against EG because the changes in the renal function were smaller than in the euthyroid state. The oxidative stress and cellular damage were ameliorated by the hypothyroid condition. Also, the hypothyroidism-enhanced redox environment protects against EG-induced oxidative stress, renal damage, and renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mirian Estévez-Carmona
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Hepática y Renal, Departamento de Farmacía, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Saegusa Y, Woo GH, Fujimoto H, Kemmochi S, Shimamoto K, Hirose M, Mitsumori K, Nishikawa A, Shibutani M. Sustained production of Reelin-expressing interneurons in the hippocampal dentate hilus after developmental exposure to anti-thyroid agents in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2010; 29:407-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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SAEGUSA Y, WOO GH, FUJIMOTO H, INOUE K, TAKAHASHI M, HIROSE M, IGARASHI K, KANNO J, MITSUMORI K, NISHIKAWA A, SHIBUTANI M. Gene Expression Profiling and Cellular Distribution of Molecules with Altered Expression in the Hippocampal CA1 Region after Developmental Exposure to Anti-Thyroid Agents in Rats. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:187-95. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yukie SAEGUSA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Gye-Hyeong WOO
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | | | - Kaoru INOUE
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Miwa TAKAHASHI
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Masao HIROSE
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
- Food Safety Commission, Akasaka Park Bld
| | | | - Jun KANNO
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Kunitoshi MITSUMORI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | | | - Makoto SHIBUTANI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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12
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Teshima R, Nakamura R, Nakamura R, Hachisuka A, Sawada JI, Shibutani M. Effects of Exposure to Decabromodiphenyl Ether on the Development of the Immune System in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.54.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Teshima
- Division of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Division of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Rika Nakamura
- Division of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Akiko Hachisuka
- Division of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Jun-ichi Sawada
- Division of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Division of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
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