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Kobayashi M, Spiller MW, Wu X, Wang R, Chillarige Y, Wernecke M, MaCurdy TE, Kelman JA, Deng L, Shang N, Whitney CG, Pilishvili T, Lessa FC. Association of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Use With Hospitalized Pneumonia in Medicare Beneficiaries 65 Years or Older With and Without Medical Conditions, 2014 to 2017. JAMA Intern Med 2023; 183:40-47. [PMID: 36469350 PMCID: PMC9857509 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance The association of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) use with pneumonia hospitalization in older adults, especially those with underlying medical conditions, is not well described. Objective To evaluate the association of PCV13 use with pneumonia, non-health care-associated (non-HA) pneumonia, and lobar pneumonia (LP) hospitalization among US Medicare beneficiaries 65 years or older. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study with time-varying exposure assignment analyzed claims data from US Medicare beneficiaries 65 years or older enrolled in Parts A/B with a residence in the 50 US states or the District of Columbia by September 1, 2014. New Medicare Parts A/B beneficiaries within 6 months after their 65th birthday were continuously included in the cohort after September 1, 2014, and followed through December 31, 2017. Participants were censored if they died, changed enrollment status, or developed a study outcome. Most of the analyses were conducted from 2018 to 2019, and additional analyses were performed from 2021 to 2022. Exposures Use of PCV13 vaccination 14 days or more before pneumonia hospitalization. Main Outcomes and Measures Discrete-time survival models were used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and number of pneumonia hospitalizations averted through PCV13 use. The adjusted IRR for the association of PCV13 vaccination with pneumonia hospitalization was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE). Results At the end of follow-up (December 2017), 24 121 625 beneficiaries (13 593 975 women [56.4%]; 418 005 [1.7%] Asian, 1 750 807 [4.8%] Black, 338 044 [1.4%] Hispanic, 111 508 [0.5%] Native American, and 20 700 948 [85.8%] White individuals) were in the cohort; 4 936 185 (20.5%) had received PCV13 only, and 10 646 220 (79.5%) had not received any pneumococcal vaccines. More than half of the beneficiaries in the cohort were younger than 75 years, White, and had either immunocompromising or chronic medical conditions. Coverage with PCV13 increased from 0.8% (September 2014) to 41.5% (December 2017). The VE for PCV13 was estimated at 6.7% (95% CI, 5.9%-7.5%) for pneumonia, 4.7% (95% CI, 3.9%-5.6%) for non-HA pneumonia, and 5.8% (95% CI, 2.6%-8.9%) for LP. From September 2014 through December 2017, an estimated 35 127 pneumonia (95% CI, 33 011-37 270), 24 643 non-HA pneumonia (95% CI, 22 761-26 552), and 1294 LP (95% CI, 797-1819) hospitalizations were averted through PCV13 use. Conclusions and Relevance The study results suggest that PCV13 use was associated with reduced pneumonia hospitalization among Medicare beneficiaries 65 years or older, many of whom had underlying medical conditions. Increased PCV13 coverage and use of recently approved higher-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines may avert additional pneumonia hospitalizations in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Kobayashi
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael W. Spiller
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas E. MaCurdy
- Acumen LLC, Burlingame, California
- Department of Economics and Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Li Deng
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nong Shang
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cynthia G. Whitney
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tamara Pilishvili
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Fernanda C. Lessa
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hagan RS, Gomez JC, Torres-Castillo J, Martin JR, Doerschuk CM. TBK1 Is Required for Host Defense Functions Distinct from Type I IFN Expression and Myeloid Cell Recruitment in Murine Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:671-681. [PMID: 35358404 PMCID: PMC9163639 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0311oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia induces the rapid recruitment and activation of neutrophils and macrophages into the lung, and these cells contribute to bacterial clearance and other defense functions. TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) performs many functions, including activation of the type I IFN pathway and regulation of autophagy and mitophagy, but its contribution to antibacterial defenses in the lung is unclear. We previously showed that lung neutrophils upregulate mRNAs for TBK1 and its accessory proteins during Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia, despite low or absent expression of type I IFN in these cells. We hypothesized that TBK1 performs key antibacterial functions in pneumonia apart from type I IFN expression. Using TBK1 null mice, we show that TBK1 contributes to antibacterial defenses and promotes bacterial clearance and survival. TBK1 null mice express lower concentrations of many cytokines in the infected lung. Conditional deletion of TBK1 with LysMCre results in TBK1 deletion from macrophages but not neutrophils. LysMCre TBK1 mice have no defect in cytokine expression, implicating a nonmacrophage cell type as a key TBK1-dependent cell. TBK1 null neutrophils have no defect in recruitment to the infected lung but show impaired activation of p65/NF-κB and STAT1 and lower expression of reactive oxygen species, IFNγ, and IL12p40. TLR1/2 and 4 agonists each induce phosphorylation of TBK1 in neutrophils. Surprisingly, neutrophil TBK1 activation in vivo does not require the adaptor STING. Thus, TBK1 is a critical component of STING-independent antibacterial responses in the lung, and TBK1 is necessary for multiple neutrophil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Hagan
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | - John C. Gomez
- Marsico Lung Institute, and
- Center for Airways Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jose Torres-Castillo
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | - Jessica R. Martin
- Marsico Lung Institute, and
- Center for Airways Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Claire M. Doerschuk
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute, and
- Center for Airways Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Babb R, Doyle CR, Pirofski LA. Isolation and Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide 3. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0144621. [PMID: 34756090 PMCID: PMC8579928 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01446-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS) conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is less effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 (ST3), which remains a major cause of pneumococcal disease and mortality. Therefore, dissecting structure-function relationships of human ST3 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS3) antibodies may reveal characteristics of protective antibodies. Using flow cytometry, we isolated PPS3-binding memory B cells from pneumococcal vaccine recipients and generated seven PPS3-specific human monoclonal antibodies (humAbs). Five humAbs displayed ST3 opsonophagocytic activity, four induced ST3 agglutination in vitro, and four mediated both activities. Two humAbs, namely, C10 and C27, that used the same variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) chain domains (VH3-9*01/VL2-14*03) both altered ST3 gene expression in vitro; however, C10 had fewer VL somatic mutations, higher PPS3 affinity, and promoted in vitro ST3 opsonophagocytic and agglutinating activity, whereas C27 did not. In C57BL/6 mice, both humAbs reduced nasopharyngeal colonization with ST3 A66 and a clinical strain, B2, and prolonged survival following lethal A66 intraperitoneal infection, but only C10 protected against lethal intranasal infection with the clinical strain. After performing VL swaps, C10VH/C27VL exhibited reduced ST3 binding and agglutination, but C27VH/C10VL binding was unchanged. However, both humAbs lost the ability to reduce colonization in vivo when their light chains were replaced. Our findings associate the ability of PPS3-specific humAbs to reduce colonization with ST3 agglutination and opsonophagocytic activity, and reveal an unexpected role for the VL in their functional activity in vitro and in vivo. These findings also provide insights that may inform antibody-based therapy and identification of surrogates of vaccine efficacy against ST3. IMPORTANCE Despite the global success of vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, serotype 3 (ST3) pneumococcus remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In comparison to other vaccine-included serotypes, the ST3 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS3) induces a weaker opsonophagocytic response, which is considered a correlate of vaccine efficacy. Previous studies of mouse PPS3 monoclonal antibodies identified ST3 agglutination as a correlate of reduced ST3 nasopharyngeal colonization in mice; however, neither the agglutinating ability of human vaccine-elicited PPS3 antibodies nor their ability to prevent experimental murine nasopharyngeal colonization has been studied. We generated and analyzed the functional and in vivo efficacy of human vaccine-elicited PPS3 monoclonal antibodies and found that ST3 agglutination associated with antibody affinity, protection in vivo, and limited somatic mutations in the light chain variable region. These findings provide new insights that may inform the development of antibody-based therapies and next-generation vaccines for ST3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Babb
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Liise-anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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Herta T, Bhattacharyya A, Rosolowski M, Conrad C, Gurtner C, Gruber AD, Ahnert P, Gutbier B, Frey D, Suttorp N, Hippenstiel S, Zahlten J. Krueppel-Like Factor 4 Expression in Phagocytes Regulates Early Inflammatory Response and Disease Severity in Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:726135. [PMID: 34589087 PMCID: PMC8473698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Krueppel-like factor (KLF) 4 fosters the pro-inflammatory immune response in macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) when stimulated with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the main causative pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Here, we investigated the impact of KLF4 expression in myeloid cells such as macrophages and PMNs on inflammatory response and disease severity in a pneumococcal pneumonia mouse model and in patients admitted to hospital with CAP. We found that mice with a myeloid-specific knockout of KLF4 mount an insufficient early immune response with reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma and an impaired bacterial clearance from the lungs 24 hours after infection with S. pneumoniae. This results in higher rates of bacteremia, increased lung tissue damage, more severe symptoms of infection and reduced survival. Higher KLF4 gene expression levels in the peripheral blood of patients with CAP at hospital admission correlate with a favourable clinical presentation (lower sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score), lower serum levels of IL-10 at admission, shorter hospital stay and lower mortality or requirement of intensive care unit treatment within 28 days after admission. Thus, KLF4 in myeloid cells such as macrophages and PMNs is an important regulator of the early pro-inflammatory immune response and, therefore, a potentially interesting target for therapeutic interventions in pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Herta
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aritra Bhattacharyya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maciej Rosolowski
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Conrad
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinne Gurtner
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D. Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Ahnert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birgitt Gutbier
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Frey
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Zahlten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Hall SC, Smith DR, Dyavar SR, Wyatt TA, Samuelson DR, Bailey KL, Knoell DL. Critical Role of Zinc Transporter (ZIP8) in Myeloid Innate Immune Cell Function and the Host Response against Bacterial Pneumonia. J Immunol 2021; 207:1357-1370. [PMID: 34380651 PMCID: PMC10575710 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is required for proper immune function and host defense. Zn homeostasis is tightly regulated by Zn transporters that coordinate biological processes through Zn mobilization. Zn deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most commonly identified cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Myeloid cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), are at the front line of host defense against invading bacterial pathogens in the lung and play a critical role early on in shaping the immune response. Expression of the Zn transporter ZIP8 is rapidly induced following bacterial infection and regulates myeloid cell function in a Zn-dependent manner. To what extent ZIP8 is instrumental in myeloid cell function requires further study. Using a novel, myeloid-specific, Zip8 knockout model, we identified vital roles of ZIP8 in macrophage and DC function upon pneumococcal infection. Administration of S. pneumoniae into the lung resulted in increased inflammation, morbidity, and mortality in Zip8 knockout mice compared with wild-type counterparts. This was associated with increased numbers of myeloid cells, cytokine production, and cell death. In vitro analysis of macrophage and DC function revealed deficits in phagocytosis and increased cytokine production upon bacterial stimulation that was, in part, due to increased NF-κB signaling. Strikingly, alteration of myeloid cell function resulted in an imbalance of Th17/Th2 responses, which is potentially detrimental to host defense. These results (for the first time, to our knowledge) reveal a vital ZIP8- and Zn-mediated axis that alters the lung myeloid cell landscape and the host response against pneumococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sannette C Hall
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Deandra R Smith
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Shetty Ravi Dyavar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; and
- Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Derrick R Samuelson
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; and
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; and
- Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Daren L Knoell
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE;
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6
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Barman TK, Racine R, Bonin JL, Califano D, Salmon SL, Metzger DW. Sequential targeting of interferon pathways for increased host resistance to bacterial superinfection during influenza. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009405. [PMID: 33690728 PMCID: PMC7978370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial co-infections represent a major clinical complication of influenza. Host-derived interferon (IFN) increases susceptibility to bacterial infections following influenza, but the relative roles of type-I versus type-II IFN remain poorly understood. We have used novel mouse models of co-infection in which colonizing pneumococci were inoculated into the upper respiratory tract; subsequent sublethal influenza virus infection caused the bacteria to enter the lungs and mediate lethal disease. Compared to wild-type mice or mice deficient in only one pathway, mice lacking both IFN pathways demonstrated the least amount of lung tissue damage and mortality following pneumococcal-influenza virus superinfection. Therapeutic neutralization of both type-I and type-II IFN pathways similarly provided optimal protection to co-infected wild-type mice. The most effective treatment regimen was staggered neutralization of the type-I IFN pathway early during co-infection combined with later neutralization of type-II IFN, which was consistent with the expression and reported activities of these IFNs during superinfection. These results are the first to directly compare the activities of type-I and type-II IFN during superinfection and provide new insights into potential host-directed targets for treatment of secondary bacterial infections during influenza. Bacterial co-infections represent a common and challenging clinical complication of influenza. Type-I and type-II interferon (IFN) pathways enhance susceptibility to influenza-pneumococcal co-infection, leading to increased lung pathology and mortality. However, the comparative importance of type-I versus type-II IFN remains unclear. We have used two novel mouse models of co-infection in which pneumococci were inoculated into the upper respiratory tract followed two days later by influenza virus infection. Virus co-infection caused IFN-dependent inflammation that facilitated spreading of the colonizing bacteria into the lungs, followed by tissue damage and death. In this pneumococcal-influenza virus superinfection model, mice lacking both type-I and type-II IFN pathways demonstrated minimal lung pathology and increased survival compared to wild-type mice and mice deficient in only one pathway. Therapeutic neutralization of both type-I and type-II IFN pathways similarly provided optimal protection to superinfected wild-type mice. The most effective treatment regimen involved neutralization of the type-I IFN pathway early during co-infection combined with later neutralization of the type-II IFN pathway. These results provide new insights into potential host-directed therapy for management of bacterial-viral superinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarani Kanta Barman
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Rachael Racine
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Jesse L. Bonin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Danielle Califano
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Sharon L. Salmon
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Dennis W. Metzger
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Xiong Y, Zhong Q, Palmer T, Benner A, Wang L, Suresh K, Damico R, D’Alessio FR. Estradiol resolves pneumonia via ERβ in regulatory T cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:133251. [PMID: 33290273 PMCID: PMC7934849 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for pneumonia (PNA) are focused on the pathogens. Mortality from PNA-induced acute lung injury (PNA-ALI) remains high, underscoring the need for additional therapeutic targets. Clinical and experimental evidence exists for potential sex differences in PNA survival, with males having higher mortality. In a model of severe pneumococcal PNA, when compared with male mice, age-matched female mice exhibited enhanced resolution characterized by decreased alveolar and lung inflammation and increased numbers of Tregs. Recognizing the critical role of Tregs in lung injury resolution, we evaluated whether improved outcomes in female mice were due to estradiol (E2) effects on Treg biology. E2 promoted a Treg-suppressive phenotype in vitro and resolution of PNA in vivo. Systemic rescue administration of E2 promoted resolution of PNA in male mice independent of lung bacterial clearance. E2 augmented Treg expression of Foxp3, CD25, and GATA3, an effect that required ERβ, and not ERα, signaling. Importantly, the in vivo therapeutic effects of E2 were lost in Treg-depleted mice (Foxp3DTR mice). Adoptive transfer of ex vivo E2-treated Tregs rescued Streptococcuspneumoniae–induce PNA-ALI, a salutary effect that required Treg ERβ expression. E2/ERβ was required for Tregs to control macrophage proinflammatory responses. Our findings support the therapeutic role for E2 in promoting resolution of lung inflammation after PNA via ERβ Tregs.
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8
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Ercoli G, Ramos-Sevillano E, Nakajima R, de Assis RR, Jasinskas A, Goldblatt D, Felgner P, Weckbecker G, Brown J. The Influence of B Cell Depletion Therapy on Naturally Acquired Immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Immunol 2021; 11:611661. [PMID: 33584691 PMCID: PMC7876223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.611661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab to deplete CD20+ B cells is an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and B cell malignancies, but is associated with an increased incidence of respiratory infections. Using mouse models we have investigated the consequences of B cell depletion on natural and acquired humoral immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae. B cell depletion of naïve C57Bl/6 mice reduced natural IgM recognition of S. pneumoniae, but did not increase susceptibility to S. pneumoniae pneumonia. ELISA and flow cytometry assays demonstrated significantly reduced IgG and IgM recognition of S. pneumoniae in sera from mice treated with B cell depletion prior to S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization compared to untreated mice. Colonization induced antibody responses to protein rather than capsular antigen, and when measured using a protein array B cell depletion prior to colonization reduced serum levels of IgG to several protein antigens. However, B cell depleted S. pneumoniae colonized mice were still partially protected against both lung infection and septicemia when challenged with S. pneumoniae after reconstitution of their B cells. These data indicate that although B cell depletion markedly impairs antibody recognition of S. pneumoniae in colonized mice, some protective immunity is maintained, perhaps mediated by cellular immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin M/blood
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/blood
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/immunology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/microbiology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control
- Rituximab/pharmacology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicity
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ercoli
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Ramos-Sevillano
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rafael Ramiro de Assis
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Algis Jasinskas
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - David Goldblatt
- Department of Immunobiology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Gisbert Weckbecker
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Schirm S, Ahnert P, Berger S, Nouailles G, Wienhold SM, Müller-Redetzky H, Suttorp N, Loeffler M, Witzenrath M, Scholz M. A biomathematical model of immune response and barrier function in mice with pneumococcal lung infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243147. [PMID: 33270742 PMCID: PMC7714238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The course of the disease is often highly dynamic with unforeseen critical deterioration within hours in a relevant proportion of patients. Besides antibiotic treatment, novel adjunctive therapies are under development. Their additive value needs to be explored in preclinical and clinical studies and corresponding therapy schedules require optimization prior to introduction into clinical practice. Biomathematical modeling of the underlying disease and therapy processes might be a useful aid to support these processes. We here propose a biomathematical model of murine immune response during infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae aiming at predicting the outcome of different treatment schedules. The model consists of a number of non-linear ordinary differential equations describing the dynamics and interactions of the pulmonal pneumococcal population and relevant cells of the innate immune response, namely alveolar- and inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils. The cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 and the chemokines CCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL5 are considered as major mediators of the immune response. We also model the invasion of peripheral blood monocytes, their differentiation into macrophages and bacterial penetration through the epithelial barrier causing blood stream infections. We impose therapy effects on this system by modelling antibiotic therapy and treatment with the novel C5a-inactivator NOX-D19. All equations are derived by translating known biological mechanisms into equations and assuming appropriate response kinetics. Unknown model parameters were determined by fitting the predictions of the model to time series data derived from mice experiments with close-meshed time series of state parameters. Parameter fittings resulted in a good agreement of model and data for the experimental scenarios. The model can be used to predict the performance of alternative schedules of combined antibiotic and NOX-D19 treatment. We conclude that we established a comprehensive biomathematical model of pneumococcal lung infection, immune response and barrier function in mice allowing simulations of new treatment schedules. We aim to validate the model on the basis of further experimental data. We also plan the inclusion of further novel therapy principles and the translation of the model to the human situation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Schirm
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Ahnert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Berger
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geraldine Nouailles
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra-Maria Wienhold
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Müller-Redetzky
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center of Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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10
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Lawrence H, Pick H, Baskaran V, Daniel P, Rodrigo C, Ashton D, Edwards-Pritchard RC, Sheppard C, Eletu SD, Litt D, Fry NK, Rose S, Trotter C, McKeever TM, Lim WS. Effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against vaccine serotype pneumococcal pneumonia in adults: A case-control test-negative design study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003326. [PMID: 33095759 PMCID: PMC7584218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is available in the United Kingdom to adults aged 65 years or older and those in defined clinical risk groups. We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of PPV23 against vaccine-type pneumococcal pneumonia in a cohort of adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS AND FINDINGS Using a case-control test-negative design, a secondary analysis of data was conducted from a prospective cohort study of adults (aged ≥16 years) with CAP hospitalised at 2 university teaching hospitals in Nottingham, England, from September 2013 to August 2018. The exposure of interest was PPV23 vaccination at any time point prior to the index admission. A case was defined as PPV23 serotype-specific pneumococcal pneumonia and a control as non-PPV23 serotype pneumococcal pneumonia or nonpneumococcal pneumonia. Pneumococcal serotypes were identified from urine samples using a multiplex immunoassay or from positive blood cultures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to derive adjusted odds of case status between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals; VE estimates were calculated as (1 - odds ratio) × 100%. Of 2,357 patients, there were 717 PPV23 cases (48% vaccinated) and 1,640 controls (54.5% vaccinated). The adjusted VE (aVE) estimate against PPV23 serotype disease was 24% (95% CI 5%-40%, p = 0.02). Estimates were similar in analyses restricted to vaccine-eligible patients (n = 1,768, aVE 23%, 95% CI 1%-40%) and patients aged ≥65 years (n = 1,407, aVE 20%, 95% CI -5% to 40%), but not in patients aged ≥75 years (n = 905, aVE 5%, 95% CI -37% to 35%). The aVE estimate in relation to PPV23/non-13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotype pneumonia (n = 417 cases, 43.7% vaccinated) was 29% (95% CI 6%-46%). Key limitations of this study are that, due to high vaccination rates, there was a lack of power to reject the null hypothesis of no vaccine effect, and that the study was not large enough to allow robust subgroup analysis in the older age groups. CONCLUSIONS In the setting of an established national childhood PCV13 vaccination programme, PPV23 vaccination of clinical at-risk patient groups and adults aged ≥65 years provided moderate long-term protection against hospitalisation with PPV23 serotype pneumonia. These findings suggest that PPV23 vaccination may continue to have an important role in adult pneumococcal vaccine policy, including the possibility of revaccination of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lawrence
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Pick
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vadsala Baskaran
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Daniel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Chamira Rodrigo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Ashton
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carmen Sheppard
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England–National Infection Service, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seyi D. Eletu
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England–National Infection Service, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Litt
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England–National Infection Service, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norman K. Fry
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England–National Infection Service, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England Colindale–National Infection Service, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Rose
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England–National Infection Service, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Trotter
- Disease Dynamic Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tricia M. McKeever
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Shen Lim
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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11
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Sánchez-Tarjuelo R, Cortegano I, Manosalva J, Rodríguez M, Ruíz C, Alía M, Prado MC, Cano EM, Ferrándiz MJ, de la Campa AG, Gaspar ML, de Andrés B. The TLR4-MyD88 Signaling Axis Regulates Lung Monocyte Differentiation Pathways in Response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2120. [PMID: 33042124 PMCID: PMC7525032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main cause of bacterial pneumonia, a condition that currently produces significant global morbidity and mortality. The initial immune response to this bacterium occurs when the innate system recognizes common motifs expressed by many pathogens, events driven by pattern recognition receptors like the Toll-like family receptors (TLRs). In this study, lung myeloid-cell populations responsible for the innate immune response (IIR) against S. pneumoniae, and their dependence on the TLR4-signaling axis, were analyzed in TLR4-/- and Myeloid-Differentiation factor-88 deficient (MyD88-/-) mice. Neutrophils and monocyte-derived cells were recruited in infected mice 3-days post-infection. Compared to wild-type mice, there was an increased bacterial load in both these deficient mouse strains and an altered IIR, although TLR4-/- mice were more susceptible to bacterial infection. These mice also developed fewer alveolar macrophages, weaker neutrophil infiltration, less Ly6Chigh monocyte differentiation and a disrupted classical and non-classical monocyte profile. The pro-inflammatory cytokine profile (CXCL1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) was also severely affected by the lack of TLR4 and no induction of Th1 was observed in these mice. The respiratory burst (ROS production) after infection was profoundly dampened in TLR4-/- and MyD88-/- mice. These data demonstrate the complex dynamics of myeloid populations and a key role of the TLR4-signaling axis in the IIR to S. pneumoniae, which involves both the MyD88 and TRIF (Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β) dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Cortegano
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliana Manosalva
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carolina Ruíz
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Alía
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eva M. Cano
- Chronic Disease Programme, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Adela G. de la Campa
- Bacterial Genetics Department, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Belén de Andrés
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Verma AK, Bansal S, Bauer C, Muralidharan A, Sun K. Influenza Infection Induces Alveolar Macrophage Dysfunction and Thereby Enables Noninvasive Streptococcus pneumoniae to Cause Deadly Pneumonia. J Immunol 2020; 205:1601-1607. [PMID: 32796026 PMCID: PMC7484308 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics and pandemics. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms, such as lung epithelial damage and dysregulation of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages (AMs), have been suggested to contribute to the severity of disease. However, the fundamental reasons for influenza-induced susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia remain unclear. In this study, we revisited these controversies over key pathogenic mechanisms in a lethal model of secondary bacterial pneumonia with an S. pneumoniae strain that is innocuous to mice in the absence of influenza infection. Using a series of in vivo models, we demonstrate that rather than a systemic suppression of immune responses or neutrophil function, influenza infection activates IFN-γR signaling and abrogates AM-dependent bacteria clearance and thereby causes extreme susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. Importantly, using mice carrying conditional knockout of Ifngr1 gene in different myeloid cell subsets, we demonstrate that influenza-induced IFN-γR signaling in AMs impairs their antibacterial function, thereby enabling otherwise noninvasive S. pneumoniae to cause deadly pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul K Verma
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Shruti Bansal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Christopher Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Abenaya Muralidharan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Keer Sun
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
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13
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Fernandes VE, Ercoli G, Bénard A, Brandl C, Fahnenstiel H, Müller-Winkler J, Weber GF, Denny P, Nitschke L, Andrew PW. The B-cell inhibitory receptor CD22 is a major factor in host resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008464. [PMID: 32324805 PMCID: PMC7179836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen, causing pneumonia and sepsis. Genetic components strongly influence host responses to pneumococcal infections, but the responsible loci are unknown. We have previously identified a locus on mouse chromosome 7 from a susceptible mouse strain, CBA/Ca, to be crucial for pneumococcal infection. Here we identify a responsible gene, Cd22, which carries a point mutation in the CBA/Ca strain, leading to loss of CD22 on B cells. CBA/Ca mice and gene-targeted CD22-deficient mice on a C57BL/6 background are both similarly susceptible to pneumococcal infection, as shown by bacterial replication in the lungs, high bacteremia and early death. After bacterial infections, CD22-deficient mice had strongly reduced B cell populations in the lung, including GM-CSF producing, IgM secreting innate response activator B cells, which are crucial for protection. This study provides striking evidence that CD22 is crucial for protection during invasive pneumococcal disease. Streptococcus pneumoniae (known as the pneumococcus) is a human bacterial pathogen responsible for diseases such as pneumonia and sepsis, that cause illness and death in millions of individuals. Susceptibility to pneumococcal infections is associated with genetic components that strongly influence how infected individuals respond to infection, but little is known about the causal gene(s) and the mechanisms of control of the infection. In previous studies we have found strong differences in susceptibility and resistance to pneumococcal infections between mouse strains. In this study we identified a gene, the Cd22 gene, that controls resistance to pneumococcal infection. Mice without the B-cell specific CD22 protein were much more susceptible to infection with S. pneumoniae. We could show that a protective population of B cells that migrates to the lung during pneumococcal infection is missing in Cd22-deficient mice. The study shows to a new role for CD22 and indicates a new potential target for treatment of pneumococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor E. Fernandes
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (VEF); (LN); (PWA)
| | - Giuseppe Ercoli
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Bénard
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Brandl
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannah Fahnenstiel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Georg F. Weber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Denny
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail: (VEF); (LN); (PWA)
| | - Peter W. Andrew
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (VEF); (LN); (PWA)
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14
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Guillon A, Arafa EI, Barker KA, Belkina AC, Martin I, Shenoy AT, Wooten AK, Lyon De Ana C, Dai A, Labadorf A, Hernandez Escalante J, Dooms H, Blasco H, Traber KE, Jones MR, Quinton LJ, Mizgerd JP. Pneumonia recovery reprograms the alveolar macrophage pool. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133042. [PMID: 31990682 PMCID: PMC7101156 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia is a widespread disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Alveolar macrophages are tissue-resident lung cells that play a crucial role in innate immunity against bacteria that cause pneumonia. We hypothesized that alveolar macrophages display adaptive characteristics after resolution of bacterial pneumonia. We studied mice 1 to 6 months after self-limiting lung infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia. Alveolar macrophages, but not other myeloid cells, recovered from the lung showed long-term modifications of their surface marker phenotype. The remodeling of alveolar macrophages was (a) long-lasting (still observed 6 months after infection), (b) regionally localized (observed only in the affected lobe after lobar pneumonia), and (c) associated with macrophage-dependent enhanced protection against another pneumococcal serotype. Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling revealed that alveolar macrophages of mice that recovered from pneumonia had new baseline activities and altered responses to infection that better resembled those of adult humans. The enhanced lung protection after mild and self-limiting bacterial respiratory infections includes a profound remodeling of the alveolar macrophage pool that is long-lasting; compartmentalized; and manifest across surface receptors, metabolites, and both resting and stimulated transcriptomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Guillon
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- CHRU of Tours, service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, INSERM, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Emad I. Arafa
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine
| | - Kimberly A. Barker
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology
| | - Anna C. Belkina
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ian Martin
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anukul T. Shenoy
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alicia K. Wooten
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine
| | - Carolina Lyon De Ana
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology
| | - Anqi Dai
- Bioinformatics Nexus, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam Labadorf
- Bioinformatics Nexus, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Hans Dooms
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology
| | - Hélène Blasco
- CHRU of Tours, Medical Pharmacology Department, Inserm U1253, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Katrina E. Traber
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine
| | - Matthew R. Jones
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine
| | - Lee J. Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Joseph P. Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Carter MJ, Gurung P, Jones C, Rajkarnikar S, Kandasamy R, Gurung M, Thorson S, Gautam MC, Prajapati KG, Khadka B, Maharjan A, Knight JC, Murdoch DR, Darton TC, Voysey M, Wahl B, O'Brien KL, Kelly S, Ansari I, Shah G, Ekström N, Melin M, Pollard AJ, Kelly DF, Shrestha S. Assessment of an Antibody-in-Lymphocyte Supernatant Assay for the Etiological Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:459. [PMID: 32039044 PMCID: PMC6988833 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
New diagnostic tests for the etiology of childhood pneumonia are needed. We evaluated the antibody-in-lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) assay to detect immunoglobulin (Ig) G secretion from ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture, as a potential diagnostic test for pneumococcal pneumonia. We enrolled 348 children with pneumonia admitted to Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal between December 2015 and September 2016. PBMCs sampled from participants were incubated for 48 h before harvesting of cell culture supernatant (ALS). We used a fluorescence-based multiplexed immunoassay to measure the concentration of IgG in ALS against five conserved pneumococcal protein antigens. Of children with pneumonia, 68 had a confirmed etiological diagnosis: 12 children had pneumococcal pneumonia (defined as blood or pleural fluid culture-confirmed; or plasma CRP concentration ≥60 mg/l and nasopharyngeal carriage of serotype 1 pneumococci), and 56 children had non-pneumococcal pneumonia. Children with non-pneumococcal pneumonia had either a bacterial pathogen isolated from blood (six children); or C-reactive protein <60 mg/l, absence of radiographic consolidation and detection of a pathogenic virus by multiplex PCR (respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, or parainfluenza viruses; 23 children). Concentrations of ALS IgG to all five pneumococcal proteins were significantly higher in children with pneumococcal pneumonia than in children with non-pneumococcal pneumonia. The concentration of IgG in ALS to the best-performing antigen discriminated between children with pneumococcal and non-pneumococcal pneumonia with a sensitivity of 1.0 (95% CI 0.73-1.0), specificity of 0.66 (95% CI 0.52-0.78) and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROCC) 0.85 (95% CI 0.75-0.94). Children with pneumococcal pneumonia were older than children with non-pneumococcal pneumonia (median 5.6 and 2.0 years, respectively, p < 0.001). When the analysis was limited to children ≥2 years of age, assay of IgG ALS to pneumococcal proteins was unable to discriminate between children with pneumococcal pneumonia and non-pneumococcal pneumonia (AUROCC 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.88). This method detected spontaneous secretion of IgG to pneumococcal protein antigens from cultured PBMCs. However, when stratified by age group, assay of IgG in ALS to pneumococcal proteins showed limited utility as a test to discriminate between pneumococcal and non-pneumococcal pneumonia in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Carter
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Claire Jones
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rama Kandasamy
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Meeru Gurung
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | | | - Bibek Khadka
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Julian C. Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Murdoch
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Wahl
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Katherine L. O'Brien
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Ansari
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ganesh Shah
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nina Ekström
- Expert Microbiology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merit Melin
- Expert Microbiology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew J. Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic F. Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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16
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Massora S, Lessa FC, Moiane B, Pimenta FC, Mucavele H, Chaúque A, Cossa A, Verani JR, Tembe N, da Gloria Carvalho M, Muñoz-Almagro C, Sigaúque B. Invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes before and after 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in a rural area, southern Mozambique. Vaccine 2019; 37:7470-7477. [PMID: 31575493 PMCID: PMC10962395 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. In April 2013, Mozambique introduced 10-valent PCV (PCV10) into the National Expanded Program on immunization using a three-dose schedule at 2, 3, and 4 months of age. We aimed to evaluate the invasive disease potential of pneumococcal serotypes among children in our region before and after PCV10 introduction. METHODS We used data from ongoing population-based surveillance for IPD and cross-sectional pneumococcal carriage surveys among children aged <5 years in Manhiҫa, Mozambique. To determine the invasive disease potential for each serotype pre- and post-PCV10 introduction, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated comparing serotype-specific prevalence in IPD and in carriage. For each serotype, OR and 95% CI > 1 indicated high invasive disease potential and OR and 95% CI < 1 indicated low invasive disease potential. RESULTS In the pre-PCV10 period, 524 pneumococcal isolates were obtained from 411 colonized children and IPD cases were detected in 40 children. In the post-PCV10 period, 540 pneumococcal isolates were obtained from 507 colonized children and IPD cases were detected in 30 children. The most prevalent serotypes causing IPD pre-PCV10 were 6A (17.5%), 6B (15.0%), 14 (12.5%), 23F (10.0%) and 19F (7.5%), and post-PCV10 were 6A (36.7%), 13 (10%), 1 (10.0%), 6B (6.7%) and 19A (6.7%). Serotypes associated with high invasive disease potential pre-PCV10 included 1 (OR:22.3 [95% CI 2.0; 251.2]), 6B (OR:3.1 [95% CI 1.2; 8.1]), 14 (OR: 3.4 [95% CI 1.2; 9.8]) and post-PCV10 included serotype 6A (OR:6.1[95% CI 2.7; 13.5]). CONCLUSION The number of serotypes with high invasive disease potential decreased after PCV10 introduction. Serotype 6A, which is not included in PCV10, was the most common cause of IPD throughout the study and showed a high invasive potential in the post-PCV10 period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Massora
- Fundação Manhiça, Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Fernanda C Lessa
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
| | - Benild Moiane
- Fundação Manhiça, Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Fabiana C Pimenta
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
| | - Hélio Mucavele
- Fundação Manhiça, Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Alberto Chaúque
- Fundação Manhiça, Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Anélsio Cossa
- Fundação Manhiça, Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Jennifer R Verani
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
| | - Nelson Tembe
- Fundação Manhiça, Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Maria da Gloria Carvalho
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Molecular Microbiology Department, Instituto de Recerca Pediatrica, University Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Betuel Sigaúque
- Fundação Manhiça, Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
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Kalata NL, Nyazika TK, Swarthout TD, Everett D, French N, Heyderman RS, Gordon SB, Jambo KC. Pneumococcal pneumonia and carriage in Africa before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, 2000-2019: protocol for systematic review. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030981. [PMID: 31727654 PMCID: PMC6858229 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Africa harbours a high burden of pneumococcal disease, with associated high mortality rates. Despite 34 countries introducing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which reduces the risk of pneumococcal carriage (a prerequisite for disease) of some of the most pathogenic pneumococcal serotypes, it remains uncertain whether they will achieve the sustained direct or indirect protection necessary to reduce pneumococcal carriage to levels sufficient to interrupt transmission and disease. We will therefore summarise the available data on the impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in reducing vaccine serotype carriage and pneumococcal pneumonia in Africa between 2000 and 2019. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Using a predetermined search strategy, we will conduct a comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE database, the Excerpta Medica Database, the ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index), Scopus and the African Index Medicus to identify published studies reporting the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage (vaccine type and non-vaccine type), incidence rates of pneumococcal pneumonia and mortality among children, adults and HIV-infected (all-ages) pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and post-PCV introduction (published between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2019) in African countries that have introduced PCVs (PCV7/PCV10/PCV13) in their routine national immunisation programme. The studies retained and data extracted will be assessed for bias using prevalidated tools and checklists. Heterogeneity across studies will be assessed using the χ2 test on Cochrane Q statistic. A random effect meta-analysis will be used to estimate the overall prevalence of pneumococcal carriage and incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia across studies with similar characteristics. Results will be reported in compliance with the Meta-Analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The protocol has been prepared in accordance to the 2015 guidelines on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review will not require ethical approval as we will be using already published data. The final manuscript will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019130976.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newton L Kalata
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Tinashe K Nyazika
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Todd D Swarthout
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Dean Everett
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- The Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil French
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Centre for Global Vaccine Research, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert S Heyderman
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen B Gordon
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kondwani C Jambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Trevejo-Nunez G, Elsegeiny W, Aggor FEY, Tweedle JL, Kaplan Z, Gandhi P, Castillo P, Ferguson A, Alcorn JF, Chen K, Kolls JK, Gaffen SL. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) Binding Protein Constrains IL-22 Activity, Host Defense, and Oxidative Phosphorylation Genes during Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Infect Immun 2019; 87:e00550-19. [PMID: 31451621 PMCID: PMC6803344 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00550-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia worldwide, and interleukin-22 (IL-22) helps contain pneumococcal burden in lungs and extrapulmonary tissues. Administration of IL-22 increases hepatic complement 3 and complement deposition on bacteria and improves phagocytosis by neutrophils. The effects of IL-22 can be tempered by a secreted natural antagonist, known as IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP), encoded by Il22ra2 To date, the degree to which IL-22BP controls IL-22 in pulmonary infection is not well defined. Here, we show that Il22ra2 inhibits IL-22 during S. pneumoniae lung infection and that Il22ra2 deficiency favors downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes in an IL-22-dependent manner. Il22ra2-/- mice are more resistant to S. pneumoniae infection, have increased IL-22 in lung tissues, and sustain longer survival upon infection than control mice. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of infected Il22ra2-/- mouse lungs revealed downregulation of genes involved in OXPHOS. Downregulation of this metabolic process is necessary for increased glycolysis, a crucial step for transitioning to a proinflammatory phenotype, in particular macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Accordingly, we saw that macrophages from Il22ra2-/- mice displayed reduced OXPHOS gene expression upon infection with S. pneumoniae, changes that were IL-22 dependent. Furthermore, we showed that macrophages express IL-22 receptor subunit alpha-1 (IL-22Ra1) during pneumococcal infection and that Il22ra2-/- macrophages rely more on the glycolytic pathway than wild-type (WT) controls. Together, these data indicate that IL-22BP deficiency enhances IL-22 signaling in the lung, thus contributing to resistance to pneumococcal pneumonia by downregulating OXPHOS genes and increasing glycolysis in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giraldina Trevejo-Nunez
- Division of Infectious Diseases. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Waleed Elsegeiny
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Felix E Y Aggor
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jamie L Tweedle
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zoe Kaplan
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pranali Gandhi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia Castillo
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annabel Ferguson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F Alcorn
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kong Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kaplan A, Arsenault P, Aw B, Brown V, Fox G, Grossman R, Jadavji T, Laferrière C, Levitz S, Loeb M, McIvor A, Mody CH, Poulin Y, Shapiro M, Tessier D, Théorêt F, Weiss K, Yaremko J, Zhanel G. Vaccine strategies for prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in Canada: Who would benefit most from pneumococcal immunization? Can Fam Physician 2019; 65:625-633. [PMID: 31515311 PMCID: PMC6741809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the burden of pneumococcal disease and associated risk factors in the Canadian adult population, delineate available pneumococcal vaccines and associated efficacy and effectiveness data, and review current pneumococcal vaccine recommendations and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) prevention strategies in Canada. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE Pneumococcal vaccination guidelines from the Canadian National Advisory Committee on Immunization in 2013 and 2016 constitute level III evidence for CAP prevention in the Canadian adult population. MAIN MESSAGE It is recommended that immunosuppressed adults of all ages receive the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) (grades A and B recommendations). In 2016, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization also recommended that all adults aged 65 years and older receive PCV13 (grade A recommendation) on an individual basis, followed by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (grade B recommendation). This update is based on a large clinical study that demonstrated PCV13 efficacy against vaccine-type CAP in this population. CONCLUSION Physicians should focus on improving pneumococcal vaccination rates among adults, which remain low. Vaccination with PCV13 should also be considered for adults with chronic conditions, whose baseline risk is often higher than that for healthy individuals aged 65 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kaplan
- Clinical Lecturer in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto in Ontario.
| | - Pierre Arsenault
- Associate Professor in the Department of Family and Emergency Medicine at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec
| | - Brian Aw
- Family physician at the Ultimate Health Medical Centre in Richmond Hill, Ont
| | - Vivien Brown
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto
| | - George Fox
- Professor in the Department of Medicine (Respirology) at Memorial University of Newfoundland in St John's
| | - Ron Grossman
- Professor in the Department of Medicine at the University of Toronto
| | - Taj Jadavji
- Professor in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases in the Cumming School of Medicine at the University of Calgary in Alberta
| | - Craig Laferrière
- Regional Medical Research Specialist and Medical Advisor with Pfizer Canada Inc in Kirkland, Que, at the time of writing
| | - Suzanne Levitz
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at McGill University in Montreal, Que
| | - Mark Loeb
- Professor in the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ont
| | - Andrew McIvor
- Professor in the Division of Respirology in the Department of Medicine at McMaster University
| | - Christopher H Mody
- Professor and Head of the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases in the Cumming School of Medicine at the University of Calgary
| | - Yannick Poulin
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine at the University of Sherbrooke
| | - Marla Shapiro
- Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto
| | - Dominique Tessier
- Clinician at the Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM in the Groupe de médecine de famille du Quartier Latin and Medical Director of the Groupe Santé Voyage in Montreal
| | - Francois Théorêt
- Family physician on the Lower Outaouais Family Health Team in Hawkesbury, Ont
| | - Karl Weiss
- Chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases at the Jewish General Hospital of McGill University
| | - John Yaremko
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Family Medicine at McGill University
| | - George Zhanel
- Professor in the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg
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20
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Abstract
Elsa N. Bou Ghanem works in the field of innate immune senescence, inflammation, and host defense. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how "Adenosine A2B receptor deficiency promotes host defenses against Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia" by Barletta et al. (K. E. Barletta, R. E. Cagnina, M. D. Burdick, J. Linden, and B. Mehrad, Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186:1044-1050, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201204-0622OC) impacted her own work examining the role of the extracellular adenosine pathway in neutrophil responses and host defense against pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa N Bou Ghanem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
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21
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Bellew S, Grijalva CG, Williams DJ, Anderson EJ, Wunderink RG, Zhu Y, Waterer GW, Bramley AM, Jain S, Edwards KM, Self WH. Pneumococcal and Legionella Urinary Antigen Tests in Community-acquired Pneumonia: Prospective Evaluation of Indications for Testing. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 68:2026-2033. [PMID: 30265290 PMCID: PMC7182343 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and American Thoracic Society (ATS) include indications for urinary antigen tests (UATs) for Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and Legionella pneumophila (LP). These recommendations were based on expert opinions and have not been rigorously evaluated. METHODS We used data from a multicenter, prospective, surveillance study of adults hospitalized with CAP to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the IDSA/ATS UAT indications for identifying patients who test positive. SP and LP UATs were completed on all included patients. Separate analyses were completed for SP and LP, using 2-by-2 contingency tables, comparing the IDSA/ATS indications (UAT recommended vs not recommended) and UAT results (positive vs negative). Additionally, logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of each individual criterion in the IDSA/ATS indications with positive UAT results. RESULTS Among 1941 patients, UATs were positive for SP in 81 (4.2%) and for LP in 32 (1.6%). IDSA/ATS indications had 61% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] 49-71%) and 39% specificity (95% CI 37-41%) for SP, and 63% sensitivity (95% CI 44-79%) and 35% specificity (95% CI 33-37%) for LP. No clinical characteristics were strongly associated with positive SP UATs, while features associated with positive LP UATs were hyponatremia, fever, diarrhea, and recent travel. CONCLUSIONS Recommended indications for SP and LP urinary antigen testing in the IDSA/ATS CAP guidelines have poor sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients with positive tests; future CAP guidelines should consider other strategies for determining which patients should undergo urinary antigen testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Bellew
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuwei Zhu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Anna M Bramley
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Seema Jain
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Wesley H Self
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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22
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Milito C, Pulvirenti F, Cinetto F, Lougaris V, Soresina A, Pecoraro A, Vultaggio A, Carrabba M, Lassandro G, Plebani A, Spadaro G, Matucci A, Fabio G, Dellepiane RM, Martire B, Agostini C, Abeni D, Tabolli S, Quinti I. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial on low-dose azithromycin prophylaxis in patients with primary antibody deficiencies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:584-593.e7. [PMID: 30910492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lacking protective antibodies, patients with primary antibody deficiencies (PADs) experience frequent respiratory tract infections, leading to chronic pulmonary damage. Macrolide prophylaxis has proved effective in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test the efficacy and safety of orally administered low-dose azithromycin prophylaxis in patients with PADs. METHODS We designed a 3-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial to test whether oral azithromycin (250 mg administered once daily 3 times a week for 2 years) would reduce respiratory exacerbations in patients with PADs and chronic infection-related pulmonary diseases. The primary end point was the number of annual respiratory exacerbations. Secondary end points included time to first exacerbation, additional antibiotic courses, number of hospitalizations, and safety. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients received azithromycin (n = 44) or placebo (n = 45). The number of exacerbations was 3.6 (95% CI, 2.5-4.7) per patient-year in the azithromycin arm and 5.2 (95% CI, 4.1-6.4) per patient-year in the placebo arm (P = .02). In the azithromycin group the hazard risk for having an acute exacerbation was 0.5 (95% CI, 0.3-0.9; P = .03), and the hazard risk for hospitalization was 0.5 (95% CI, 0.2-1.1; P = .04). The rate of additional antibiotic treatment per patient-year was 2.3 (95% CI, 2.1-3.4) in the intervention group and 3.6 (95% CI, 2.9-4.3) in the placebo group (P = .004). Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the prevalent isolates, and they were not susceptible to macrolides in 25% of patients of both arms. Azithromycin's safety profile was comparable with that of placebo. CONCLUSION The study reached the main outcome centered on the reduction of exacerbation episodes per patient-year, with a consequent reduction in additional courses of antibiotics and risk of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Milito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, and ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annarosa Soresina
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pecoraro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vultaggio
- Immunoallergology Unit, Department Medical-Geriatric, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Carrabba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lassandro
- Department of Biomedicine and Evolutive Age, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, and ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Matucci
- Immunoallergology Unit, Department Medical-Geriatric, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fabio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Dellepiane
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Baldassarre Martire
- Department of Biomedicine and Evolutive Age, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostini
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Damiano Abeni
- Health Services Research Unit IDI, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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23
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Laiño J, Villena J, Suvorov A, Zelaya H, Ortiz Moyano R, Salva S, Alvarez S. Nasal immunization with recombinant chimeric pneumococcal protein and cell wall from immunobiotic bacteria improve resistance of infant mice to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206661. [PMID: 30395582 PMCID: PMC6218053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections and invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in high-risk groups are a major global health problem. Available human vaccines have reduced immunogenicity and low immunological memory in these populations, as well as high cost as a public health strategy in poor communities. In addition, no single pneumococcal protein antigen has been able to elicit protection comparable to that achieved using protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. In this context, chimeric pneumococcal proteins raise as potential good vaccine candidates because of their simplicity of production and reduced cost. The aim of this work was to study whether the nasal immunization of infant mice with the recombinant chimeric pneumococcal protein (PSFP) was able to improve resistance to S. pneumoniae, and whether the immunomodulatory strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or its cell wall (CW1505) could be used as effective mucosal adjuvants. Our results showed that the nasal immunization with PSPF improved pneumococcal-specific IgA and IgG levels in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL), reduced lung bacterial counts, and avoided dissemination of pneumococci into the blood. Of interest, immunization with PSPF elicited cross-protective immunity against different pneumococcal serotypes. It was also observed that the nasal immunization of infant mice with PSPF+CW1505 significantly increased the production of pneumococcal-specific IgA and IgG in BAL, as well as IgM and IgG in serum when compared with PSPF alone. PSPF+CW1505 immunization also improved the reduction of pneumococcal lung colonization and its dissemination in to the bloodstream when compared to PSPF alone. Our results suggest that immunization with PSPF together with the cell wall of the immunomodulatory strain L. rhamnosus CRL1505 as a mucosal adjuvant could be an interesting alternative to improve protection against pneumococcal infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Laiño
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
- * E-mail: (JV); (AS); (SA)
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail: (JV); (AS); (SA)
| | - Hortensia Zelaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Ortiz Moyano
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Susana Salva
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
- * E-mail: (JV); (AS); (SA)
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24
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Adebanjo T, Lessa FC, Mucavele H, Moiane B, Chauque A, Pimenta F, Massora S, Carvalho MDG, Whitney CG, Sigauque B. Pneumococcal carriage and serotype distribution among children with and without pneumonia in Mozambique, 2014-2016. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199363. [PMID: 29944695 PMCID: PMC6019677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumococcal colonization is a precursor to pneumonia, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) can decrease vaccine-type (VT) colonization. Pneumococcal colonization studies are traditionally done among healthy children in the community; however, VT colonization prevalence may differ between these children and those with pneumonia. We assessed overall and VT pneumococcal colonization and factors associated with colonization among children with and without pneumonia after Mozambique introduced 10-valent PCV (PCV10) in 2013. Methods We used data from ongoing pneumonia surveillance in children aged <5 years and from cross-sectional nasopharyngeal colonization surveys conducted in October 2014 –April 2015 and October 2015 –May 2016. Pneumonia was defined using WHO standard criteria for radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Children with pneumonia enrolled from January 2014 –April 2016 were compared to children without pneumonia enrolled from the cross-sectional surveys. Clinical data and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were collected from each child. NP specimens were cultured for pneumococci, and culture-negative specimens from children with pneumonia underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Of 778 and 927 children with and without pneumonia, 97.4% and 27.0% were exposed to antibiotics before swab collection, respectively. Based on culture, pneumococcal colonization was 45.1% for children with and 84.5% for children without pneumonia (P<0.001); VT pneumococcal colonization was 18.6% for children with and 23.4% for children without pneumonia (P = 0.02). The addition of PCR in children with pneumonia increased overall and VT-pneumococcal colonization to 79.2% and 31.1%, respectively. In multivariable analysis including PCR results, pneumonia was associated with VT pneumococcal colonization (adjusted OR: 1.4, 95%CI: 1.10–1.78). Conclusion Vaccine-type pneumococcal colonization remains common among children with and without pneumonia post-PCV10 introduction in Mozambique. In a population of children with high antibiotic exposure, the use of PCR for culture-negative NP swabs can improve assessment of pneumococcal colonization and circulating serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Adebanjo
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fernanda C. Lessa
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Helio Mucavele
- Fundação Manhiça, Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Benild Moiane
- Fundação Manhiça, Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Alberto Chauque
- Fundação Manhiça, Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Fabiana Pimenta
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Sergio Massora
- Fundação Manhiça, Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Maria da Gloria Carvalho
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Cynthia G. Whitney
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Betuel Sigauque
- Fundação Manhiça, Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Moçambique
- John Snow Inc. (JSI) on the Maternal and Child Survival Program–MCSP (USAID Grantee), Maputo, Moçambique
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25
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Herbert JA, Kay EJ, Faustini SE, Richter A, Abouelhadid S, Cuccui J, Wren B, Mitchell TJ. Production and efficacy of a low-cost recombinant pneumococcal protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. Vaccine 2018; 36:3809-3819. [PMID: 29778517 PMCID: PMC5999350 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia. Although this is a vaccine preventable disease, S. pneumoniae still causes over 1 million deaths per year, mainly in children under the age of five. The biggest disease burden is in the developing world, which is mainly due to unavailability of vaccines due to their high costs. Protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are given routinely in the developed world to children to induce a protective antibody response against S. pneumoniae. One of these vaccines is Prevnar13, which targets 13 of the 95 known capsular types. Current vaccine production requires growth of large amounts of the 13 serotypes, and isolation of the capsular polysaccharide that is then chemically coupled to a protein, such as the diphtheria toxoid CRM197, in a multistep expensive procedure. In this study, we design, purify and produce novel recombinant pneumococcal protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccines in Escherichia coli, which act as mini factories for the low-cost production of conjugate vaccines. Recombinant vaccine efficacy was tested in a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia; ability to protect against invasive disease was compared to that of Prevnar13. This study provides the first proof of principle that protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccines produced in E. coli can be used to prevent pneumococcal infection. Vaccines produced in this manner may provide a low-cost alternative to the current vaccine production methodology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Female
- Mice
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/economics
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/immunology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/economics
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Conjugate/economics
- Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
- Vaccines, Conjugate/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/economics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A Herbert
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Emily J Kay
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sian E Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK; Department of Immunology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alex Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK; Department of Immunology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sherif Abouelhadid
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jon Cuccui
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Brendan Wren
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Timothy J Mitchell
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK.
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26
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Cho SJ, Plataki M, Mitzel D, Lowry G, Rooney K, Stout-Delgado H. Decreased NLRP3 inflammasome expression in aged lung may contribute to increased susceptibility to secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Exp Gerontol 2018; 105:40-46. [PMID: 29203400 PMCID: PMC5869149 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-viral pneumococcal pneumonia is a leading morbidity and mortality in older patients (≥65years of age). The goal of our current study is to understand the impact of chronological aging on innate immune responses to a secondary, post viral infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, a causative agent of bacterial pneumonia. Using aged murine models of infection, our findings demonstrate increased morbidity and mortality in aged mice within 48h post-secondary S. pneumoniae infection. Increased susceptibility of aged mice was associated with decreased TLR1, TLR6, and TLR9 mRNA expression and diminished IL1β mRNA expression. Examination of NLRP3 inflammasome expression illustrated decreased NLRP3 mRNA expression and decreased IL1β production in aged lung in response to secondary S. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria Plataki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dana Mitzel
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Gena Lowry
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kristen Rooney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Heather Stout-Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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27
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Ritchie ND, Ritchie R, Bayes HK, Mitchell TJ, Evans TJ. IL-17 can be protective or deleterious in murine pneumococcal pneumonia. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007099. [PMID: 29813133 PMCID: PMC5993294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the major bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia, and the leading agent of childhood pneumonia deaths worldwide. Nasal colonization is an essential step prior to infection. The cytokine IL-17 protects against such colonization and vaccines that enhance IL-17 responses to pneumococcal colonization are being developed. The role of IL-17 in host defence against pneumonia is not known. To address this issue, we have utilized a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia in which the gene for the IL-17 cytokine family receptor, Il17ra, has been inactivated. Using this model, we show that IL-17 produced predominantly from γδ T cells protects mice against death from the invasive TIGR4 strain (serotype 4) which expresses a relatively thin capsule. However, in pneumonia produced by two heavily encapsulated strains with low invasive potential (serotypes 3 and 6B), IL-17 significantly enhanced mortality. Neutrophil uptake and killing of the serotype 3 strain was significantly impaired compared to the serotype 4 strain and depletion of neutrophils with antibody enhanced survival of mice infected with the highly encapsulated SRL1 strain. These data strongly suggest that IL-17 mediated neutrophil recruitment to the lungs clears infection from the invasive TIGR4 strain but that lung neutrophils exacerbate disease caused by the highly encapsulated pneumococcal strains. Thus, whilst augmenting IL-17 immune responses against pneumococci may decrease nasal colonization, this may worsen outcome during pneumonia caused by some strains.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacteremia/immunology
- Bacteremia/microbiology
- Bacterial Capsules/immunology
- Bacterial Capsules/ultrastructure
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Lung/cytology
- Lung/enzymology
- Lung/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Nasopharynx/microbiology
- Neutrophils/cytology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Peroxidase/metabolism
- Phagocytosis
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/immunology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/mortality
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/genetics
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D. Ritchie
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Ritchie
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah K. Bayes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J. Mitchell
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom J. Evans
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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28
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Felix KM, Jaimez IA, Nguyen TVV, Ma H, Raslan WA, Klinger CN, Doyle KP, Wu HJJ. Gut Microbiota Contributes to Resistance Against Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Immunodeficient Rag -/- Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:118. [PMID: 29755958 PMCID: PMC5932343 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes infection-related mortality worldwide. Immunocompromised individuals, including young children, the elderly, and those with immunodeficiency, are especially vulnerable, yet little is known regarding S. pneumoniae-related pathogenesis and protection in immunocompromised hosts. Recently, strong interest has emerged in the gut microbiota's impact on lung diseases, or the "gut-lung axis." However, the mechanisms of gut microbiota protection against gut-distal lung diseases like pneumonia remain unclear. We investigated the role of the gut commensal, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), against pneumococcal pneumonia in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models. For the latter, we chose the Rag-/- model, with adaptive immune deficiency. Immunocompetent adaptive protection against S. pneumoniae infection is based on antibodies against pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides, prototypical T cell independent-II (TI-II) antigens. Although SFB colonization enhanced TI-II antibodies in C57BL/6 mice, our data suggest that SFB did not further protect these immunocompetent animals. Indeed, basal B cell activity in hosts without SFB is sufficient for essential protection against S. pneumoniae. However, in immunocompromised Rag-/- mice, we demonstrate a gut-lung axis of communication, as SFB influenced lung protection by regulating innate immunity. Neutrophil resolution is crucial to recovery, since an unchecked neutrophil response causes severe tissue damage. We found no early neutrophil recruitment differences between hosts with or without SFB; however, we observed a significant drop in lung neutrophils in the resolution phase of S. pneumoniae infection, which corresponded with lower CD47 expression, a molecule that inhibits phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, in SFB-colonized Rag-/- mice. SFB promoted a shift in lung neutrophil phenotype from inflammatory neutrophils expressing high levels of CD18 and low levels of CD62L, to pro-resolution neutrophils with low CD18 and high CD62L. Blocking CD47 in SFB(-) mice increased pro-resolution neutrophils, suggesting CD47 down-regulation may be one neutrophil-modulating mechanism SFB utilizes. The SFB-induced lung neutrophil phenotype remained similar with heat-inactivated S. pneumoniae treatment, indicating these SFB-induced changes in neutrophil phenotype during the resolution phase are not simply secondary to better bacterial clearance in SFB(+) than SFB(-) mice. Together, these data demonstrate that the gut commensal SFB may provide much-needed protection in immunocompromised hosts in part by promoting neutrophil resolution post lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysta M. Felix
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ivan A. Jaimez
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Thuy-Vi V. Nguyen
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Heqing Ma
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Walid A. Raslan
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Kristian P. Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hsin-Jung J. Wu
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Arthritis Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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29
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Prato R, Fortunato F, Cappelli MG, Chironna M, Martinelli D. Effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against adult pneumonia in Italy: a case-control study in a 2-year prospective cohort. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019034. [PMID: 29581200 PMCID: PMC5875676 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current strategies to prevent adult pneumococcal disease have been recently reviewed in Italy. We did a postlicensure study to estimate the direct vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) against adult pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP). STUDY DESIGN Between 2013 and 2015, a 2-year prospective cohort study of adults with CAP was conducted in the Apulia region of Italy where the average vaccine uptake of PCV13 was 32% among adults ≥65 years. The test-negative design was used to estimate VE against all episodes of confirmed pCAP and vaccine-type (VT)-CAP. VE in a subgroup of patients managed in the community was also estimated using a matched case-control design. VE was calculated as one minus the OR times 100%. RESULTS The overall VE of PCV13 was 33.2% (95% CI -106.6% to 82%) against pCAP irrespective of serotype and 38.1% (95% CI -131.9% to 89%) against VT-CAP in the cohort of adults ≥65 years. The VE was 42.3% (95% CI -244.1% to 94.7%) against VT-CAP in the age group at higher vaccine uptake. For the subgroup of cases managed in the community, the overall VE against disease due to any pneumococcal strain was 88.1% (95% CI 4.2% to 98.5%) and 91.7% (95% CI 13.1% to 99.2%) when we controlled for underlying conditions. CONCLUSIONS Although our results are non-significant, PCV13 promises to be effective against all confirmed pCAP already with modest levels of uptake in the population of adults ≥65 years of age. Larger studies are needed to confirm the direct vaccine benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Prato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Puglia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fortunato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Puglia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Chironna
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Domenico Martinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Puglia, Italy
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30
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Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and a significant economic burden. Antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae has become more prevalent in recent years and many pneumonia cases are caused by S. pneumoniae that is resistant to at least one antibiotic. The ubiquitin ligase natural killer lytic-associated molecule (NKLAM/RNF19b) plays a role in innate immunity and studies using NKLAM-knockout (NKLAM-KO) macrophages have demonstrated that NKLAM positively affects the transcriptional activity of STAT1. Using an inhalation infection model, we found that NKLAM-KO mice had a significantly higher lung bacterial load than WT mice but had less lung inflammation. Coincidently, NKLAM-KO mice had fewer neutrophils and NK cells in their lungs. NKLAM-KO mice also expressed less iNOS in their lungs as well as less MCP-1, MIP1α, TNFα, IL-12, and IFNγ. Both neutrophils and macrophages from NKLAM-KO mice were defective in killing S. pneumoniae as compared to wild type cells (WT). The phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 in NKLAM-KO lungs was lower than in WT lungs at 24 hours post-infection. NKLAM-KO mice were afforded some protection against a lethal dose of S. pneumoniae compared to WT mice. In summary, our novel data demonstrate a role for E3 ubiquitin ligase NKLAM in modulating innate immunity via the positive regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression and bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W. Lawrence
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jacki Kornbluth
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- VA St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Schauer AE, Klassert TE, von Lachner C, Riebold D, Schneeweiß A, Stock M, Müller MM, Hammerschmidt S, Bufler P, Seifert U, Dietert K, Dinarello CA, Nold MF, Gruber AD, Nold-Petry CA, Slevogt H. IL-37 Causes Excessive Inflammation and Tissue Damage in Murine Pneumococcal Pneumonia. J Innate Immun 2017; 9:403-418. [PMID: 28601872 PMCID: PMC6738772 DOI: 10.1159/000469661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae infections can lead to severe complications with excessive immune activation and tissue damage. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) has gained importance as a suppressor of innate and acquired immunity, and its effects have been therapeutic as they prevent tissue damage in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. By using RAW macrophages, stably transfected with human IL-37, we showed a 70% decrease in the cytokine levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and a 2.2-fold reduction of the intracellular killing capacity of internalized pneumococci in response to pneumococcal infection. In a murine model of infection with S. pneumoniae, using mice transgenic for human IL-37b (IL-37tg), we observed an initial decrease in cytokine expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the lungs, followed by a late-phase enhancement of pneumococcal burden and subsequent increase of proinflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, a marked increase in recruitment of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils was noted, while TRAIL mRNA was reduced 3-fold in lungs of IL-37tg mice, resulting in necrotizing pneumonia with augmented death of infiltrating neutrophils, enhanced bacteremic spread, and increased mortality. In conclusion, we have identified that IL-37 modulates several core components of a successful inflammatory response to pneumococcal pneumonia, which lead to increased inflammation, tissue damage, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja E. Schauer
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Diana Riebold
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Schneeweiß
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Magdalena Stock
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mario M. Müller
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philip Bufler
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Seifert
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristina Dietert
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel F. Nold
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Achim D. Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia A. Nold-Petry
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Sings HL. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use in adults - Addressing an unmet medical need for non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Vaccine 2017; 35:5406-5417. [PMID: 28602602 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a frequent cause of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), with the largest burden of disease attributed to non-bacteremic pneumonia. Due to the high persistent burden of disease, pneumococcal pneumonia, particularly non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, continues to be a major public health concern. There are currently two pneumococcal vaccines approved for use in adults in the United States (US) and other countries worldwide: a 23-valent pneumococcal simple polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), and a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). The capsular polysaccharides included in PPV23 induce antibodies primarily by a T-cell independent mechanism, thus the immune response is short lived and lacks the ability to elicit an anamnestic response. PCV13, on the other hand, has the bacterial polysaccharides covalently conjugated to an immunogenic carrier protein resulting in the formation of memory B lymphocytes, thus proving long-acting immunologic memory and an anamnestic response. Despite 30years of use, the question of PPV23 vaccine efficacy, particularly with respect to efficacy for non-bacteremic pneumonia, has been extensively debated and investigated; whereas PCV13 efficacy against vaccine-type pneumococcal CAP, both bacteremic and non-bacteremic, was confirmed in a large randomized controlled trial in older adults. PCV13 was approved under the US Food and Drug Administration's accelerated pathway, which allows for earlier approval of products that provide meaningful benefit over existing treatments - in this case, protection of adults from non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Its use is now increasingly recommended globally. This article summarizes the history and use of PPV23 and PCV13 in adults and how vaccination of adults with PCV13 addresses an unmet medical need.
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Heo JY, Seo YB, Choi WS, Lee J, Noh JY, Jeong HW, Kim WJ, Kim MJ, Lee HY, Song JY. Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination strategies for the elderly in Korea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177342. [PMID: 28498857 PMCID: PMC5428995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) showed good efficacy against pneumococcal disease in the the CAPiTA trial, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (PPSV23) program has been ongoing for older adults aged ≥ 65 years in Korea since May of 2013. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the current vaccination strategy (a single-dose PPSV23 vaccination) compared to a single-dose PCV13 vaccination and sequential PCV13-PPSV23 vaccinations in the elderly population aged ≥ 65 years. Methods Using a Markov model, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of three vaccination strategies were assessed in a societal context. The transition probabilities, utility weights to estimate quality adjusted life year (QALY), and disease treatment costs were either calculated or cited from published data and the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Simulations were performed in hypothetical cohorts of Korean adults aged ≥ 19 years. The vaccine effectiveness of PPSV23 was cited from a Cochrane Review report, while PCV13 effectiveness data were gathered from the CAPiTA trial. Results Current PPSV23 vaccination strategies were cost-effective (ICER, $25,786 per QALY). However, the administration of PCV13 as a substitute for PPSV23 was shown to be more cost-effective than PPSV23 vaccination (ICER, $797 per QALY). Sequential PCV13-PPSV23 vaccination was also more cost-effective than PPSV23 for elderly people aged ≥ 65 years. In sensitivity analysis assuming significant PPSV23 effectiveness (50%) against non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, the PCV13 vaccination strategy was superior to the PPSV23 vaccination strategy in terms of cost-effectiveness. Conclusion The results suggest that PCV13 vaccination is more cost-effective in elderly subjects aged ≥ 65 years compared to the current PPSV23 vaccination strategy. When complete data is obtained in 2018 on the maximal herd effects of childhood PCV13 immunization, the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia and the cost-effectiveness of vaccination strategies need to be reassessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Heo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Seo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jacob Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ja Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Lee
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Public health, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HYL); (JYS)
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HYL); (JYS)
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34
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Hendry AJ. Australian childhood immunisation coverage, 1 July 2015 and 30 June 2016 cohort, assessed as at 30 September 2016. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2017; 41:E106-E108. [PMID: 28385143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Hendry
- for the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases
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McCollum ED, Nambiar B, Deula R, Zadutsa B, Bondo A, King C, Beard J, Liyaya H, Mankhambo L, Lazzerini M, Makwenda C, Masache G, Bar-Zeev N, Kazembe PN, Mwansambo C, Lufesi N, Costello A, Armstrong B, Colbourn T. Impact of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Clinical and Hypoxemic Childhood Pneumonia over Three Years in Central Malawi: An Observational Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168209. [PMID: 28052071 PMCID: PMC5215454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine's (PCV) impact on childhood pneumonia during programmatic conditions in Africa is poorly understood. Following PCV13 introduction in Malawi in November 2011, we evaluated the case burden and rates of childhood pneumonia. METHODS AND FINDINGS Between January 1, 2012-June 30, 2014 we conducted active pneumonia surveillance in children <5 years at seven hospitals, 18 health centres, and with 38 community health workers in two districts, central Malawi. Eligible children had clinical pneumonia per Malawi guidelines, defined as fast breathing only, chest indrawing +/- fast breathing, or, ≥1 clinical danger sign. Since pulse oximetry was not in the Malawi guidelines, oxygenation <90% defined hypoxemic pneumonia, a distinct category from clinical pneumonia. We quantified the pneumonia case burden and rates in two ways. We compared the period immediately following vaccine introduction (early) to the period with >75% three-dose PCV13 coverage (post). We also used multivariable time-series regression, adjusting for autocorrelation and exploring seasonal variation and alternative model specifications in sensitivity analyses. The early versus post analysis showed an increase in cases and rates of total, fast breathing, and indrawing pneumonia and a decrease in danger sign and hypoxemic pneumonia, and pneumonia mortality. At 76% three-dose PCV13 coverage, versus 0%, the time-series model showed a non-significant increase in total cases (+47%, 95% CI: -13%, +149%, p = 0.154); fast breathing cases increased 135% (+39%, +297%, p = 0.001), however, hypoxemia fell 47% (-5%, -70%, p = 0.031) and hospital deaths decreased 36% (-1%, -58%, p = 0.047) in children <5 years. We observed a shift towards disease without danger signs, as the proportion of cases with danger signs decreased by 65% (-46%, -77%, p<0.0001). These results were generally robust to plausible alternative model specifications. CONCLUSIONS Thirty months after PCV13 introduction in Malawi, the health system burden and rates of the severest forms of childhood pneumonia, including hypoxemia and death, have markedly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. McCollum
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bejoy Nambiar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rashid Deula
- Parent and Child Health Initiative Trust, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Austin Bondo
- Parent and Child Health Initiative Trust, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Carina King
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Beard
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Liyaya
- Parent and Child Health Initiative Trust, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Marzia Lazzerini
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Gibson Masache
- Parent and Child Health Initiative Trust, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Naor Bar-Zeev
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N. Kazembe
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Norman Lufesi
- Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Anthony Costello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Colbourn
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Jiménez-Munguía I, van Wamel WJB, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Obando I. Detection of Natural Antibodies and Serological Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia Using a Bead-Based High-Throughput Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1643:169-177. [PMID: 28667537 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7180-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-exposed proteins of pathogenic bacteria play a critical role during infections . The vast majority of these molecules are able to trigger strong immune responses. Measuring the humoral immune response against pathogenic bacteria through less-time consuming tests is necessary to reduce the window time for the diagnosis of diseases that may be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Due to the multiplex setup, Luminex xMAP® technology allows analysis of immune responses against many antigens in a single assay. Therefore, less volumes of sera samples are needed and inter assay coefficient of variation is much lower in comparison with other immunoassays. With this methodology, the carboxyl groups on the surface of the polystyrene microspheres must first be activated with a carbodiimide derivative prior to coupling antigens . After the antigen is coupled to a microsphere , different microspheres (all having a unique color) can be combined whereafter the presence of specific antibodies directed against the different antigens in sera can be determined simultaneously. The platform here described can also be useful for epidemiological surveillance programs and vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Willem J B van Wamel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Obando
- Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas e Inmunopatologías, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Londres 98, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
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Behler-Janbeck F, Takano T, Maus R, Stolper J, Jonigk D, Tort Tarrés M, Fuehner T, Prasse A, Welte T, Timmer MSM, Stocker BL, Nakanishi Y, Miyamoto T, Yamasaki S, Maus UA. C-type Lectin Mincle Recognizes Glucosyl-diacylglycerol of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Plays a Protective Role in Pneumococcal Pneumonia. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006038. [PMID: 27923071 PMCID: PMC5140071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various innate immune receptor families, the role of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) in lung protective immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is not fully defined. We here show that Mincle gene expression was induced in alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of mice and patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. Moreover, S. pneumoniae directly triggered Mincle reporter cell activation in vitro via its glycolipid glucosyl-diacylglycerol (Glc-DAG), which was identified as the ligand recognized by Mincle. Purified Glc-DAG triggered Mincle reporter cell activation and stimulated inflammatory cytokine release by human alveolar macrophages and alveolar macrophages from WT but not Mincle KO mice. Mincle deficiency led to increased bacterial loads and decreased survival together with strongly dysregulated cytokine responses in mice challenged with focal pneumonia inducing S. pneumoniae, all of which was normalized in Mincle KO mice reconstituted with a WT hematopoietic system. In conclusion, the Mincle-Glc-DAG axis is a hitherto unrecognized element of lung protective immunity against focal pneumonia induced by S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomotsugu Takano
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Regina Maus
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Stolper
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Fuehner
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Prasse
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, partner site BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mattie S. M. Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bridget L. Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ulrich A. Maus
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, partner site BREATH, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Trevejo-Nunez G, Elsegeiny W, Conboy P, Chen K, Kolls JK. Critical Role of IL-22/IL22-RA1 Signaling in Pneumococcal Pneumonia. J Immunol 2016; 197:1877-83. [PMID: 27456484 PMCID: PMC4992592 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IL-22-IL-22R signaling plays a crucial role in regulating host defenses against extracellular pathogens, particularly in the intestine, through the induction of antimicrobial peptides and chemotactic genes. However, the role of IL-22-IL-22R is understudied in Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection, a prevalent pathogen of pneumonia. This paper presents the findings of IL-22 signaling during a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia and improvement of bacterial burden upon IL-22 administration. IL-22 was rapidly induced in the lung during pneumococcal infection in wild-type mice, and Il22(-/-) mice had higher pneumococcal burdens compared with controls. Additionally, mice with hepatic-specific deletion of Il22ra1 also had higher bacterial burdens in lungs compared with littermate controls after intrapulmonary pneumococcal infection, suggesting that IL-22 signaling in the liver is important to control pneumococcal pneumonia. Thus, we hypothesized that enhancement of IL-22 signaling would control pneumococcal burden in lung tissues in an experimental pneumonia model. Administration of rIL-22 systemically to infected wild-type mice decreased bacterial burden in lung and liver at 24 h postinfection. Our in vitro studies also showed that mice treated with IL-22 had increased C3 expression in the liver compared with the isotype control group. Furthermore, serum from mice treated with IL-22 had improved opsonic capacity by increasing C3 binding on S. pneumoniae Taken together, endogenous IL-22 and hepatic IL-22R signaling play critical roles in controlling pneumococcal lung burden, and systemic IL-22 decreases bacterial burden in the lungs and peripheral organs by potentiating C3 opsonization on bacterial surfaces, through the increase of hepatic C3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giraldina Trevejo-Nunez
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Waleed Elsegeiny
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Parker Conboy
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Kong Chen
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
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Nieto PA, Peñaloza HF, Salazar-Echegarai FJ, Castellanos RM, Opazo MC, Venegas L, Padilla O, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA, Bueno SM. Gestational Hypothyroidism Improves the Ability of the Female Offspring to Clear Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection and to Recover From Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2217-28. [PMID: 27035652 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal thyroid hormones are essential for proper fetal development. A deficit of these hormones during gestation has enduring consequences in the central nervous system of the offspring, including detrimental learning and impaired memory. Few studies have shown that thyroid hormone deficiency has a transient effect in the number of T and B cells in the offspring gestated under hypothyroidism; however, there are no studies showing whether maternal hypothyroidism during gestation impacts the response of the offspring to infections. In this study, we have evaluated whether adult mice gestated in hypothyroid mothers have an altered response to pneumococcal pneumonia. We observed that female mice gestated in hypothyroidism have increased survival rate and less bacterial dissemination to blood and brain after an intranasal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Further, these mice had higher amounts of inflammatory cells in the lungs and reduced production of cytokines characteristic of sepsis in spleen, blood, and brain at 48 hours after infection. Interestingly, mice gestated in hypothyroid mothers had basally increased vascular permeability in the lungs. These observations suggest that gestational hypothyroidism alters the immune response and the physiology of lungs in the offspring, increasing the resistance to respiratory bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Nieto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Hernán F Peñaloza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Francisco J Salazar-Echegarai
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Raquel M Castellanos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Maria Cecilia Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Luis Venegas
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Oslando Padilla
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150; Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146; Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093; and Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074
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40
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Schirm S, Ahnert P, Wienhold S, Mueller-Redetzky H, Nouailles-Kursar G, Loeffler M, Witzenrath M, Scholz M. A Biomathematical Model of Pneumococcal Lung Infection and Antibiotic Treatment in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156047. [PMID: 27196107 PMCID: PMC4873198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is considered to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The outcome depends on both, proper antibiotic treatment and the effectivity of the immune response of the host. However, due to the complexity of the immunologic cascade initiated during infection, the latter cannot be predicted easily. We construct a biomathematical model of the murine immune response during infection with pneumococcus aiming at predicting the outcome of antibiotic treatment. The model consists of a number of non-linear ordinary differential equations describing dynamics of pneumococcal population, the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, neutrophils and macrophages fighting the infection and destruction of alveolar tissue due to pneumococcus. Equations were derived by translating known biological mechanisms and assuming certain response kinetics. Antibiotic therapy is modelled by a transient depletion of bacteria. Unknown model parameters were determined by fitting the predictions of the model to data sets derived from mice experiments of pneumococcal lung infection with and without antibiotic treatment. Time series of pneumococcal population, debris, neutrophils, activated epithelial cells, macrophages, monocytes and IL-6 serum concentrations were available for this purpose. The antibiotics Ampicillin and Moxifloxacin were considered. Parameter fittings resulted in a good agreement of model and data for all experimental scenarios. Identifiability of parameters is also estimated. The model can be used to predict the performance of alternative schedules of antibiotic treatment. We conclude that we established a biomathematical model of pneumococcal lung infection in mice allowing predictions regarding the outcome of different schedules of antibiotic treatment. We aim at translating the model to the human situation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Schirm
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Ahnert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Wienhold
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Mueller-Redetzky
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geraldine Nouailles-Kursar
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center of Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Domínguez À, Soldevila N, Toledo D, Godoy P, Castilla J, Force L, Morales M, Mayoral JM, Egurrola M, Tamames S, Martín V, Astray J. Factors Associated with Influenza Vaccination of Hospitalized Elderly Patients in Spain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147931. [PMID: 26824383 PMCID: PMC4732680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination of the elderly is an important factor in limiting the impact of influenza in the community. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with influenza vaccination coverage in hospitalized patients aged ≥ 65 years hospitalized due to causes unrelated to influenza in Spain. We carried out a cross-sectional study. Bivariate analysis was performed comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, taking in to account sociodemographic variables and medical risk conditions. Multivariate analysis was performed using multilevel regression models. We included 1038 patients: 602 (58%) had received the influenza vaccine in the 2013-14 season. Three or more general practitioner visits (OR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.19-2.18); influenza vaccination in any of the 3 previous seasons (OR = 13.57; 95% CI 9.45-19.48); and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (OR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.38-2.80) were associated with receiving the influenza vaccine. Vaccination coverage of hospitalized elderly people is low in Spain and some predisposing characteristics influence vaccination coverage. Healthcare workers should take these characteristics into account and be encouraged to proactively propose influenza vaccination to all patients aged ≥ 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Domínguez
- Departament de Salut Pública, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Soldevila
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Toledo
- Departament de Salut Pública, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Godoy
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - María Morales
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Sonia Tamames
- Dirección General de Salud Pública, Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Junta de Castilla y León, León, Spain
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Hommes TJ, van Lieshout MH, van ‘t Veer C, Florquin S, Bootsma HJ, Hermans PW, de Vos AF, van der Poll T. Role of Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Containing (NOD) 2 in Host Defense during Pneumococcal Pneumonia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145138. [PMID: 26673231 PMCID: PMC4682639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae is the most common causative pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing (NOD) 2 is a pattern recognition receptor located in the cytosol of myeloid cells that is able to detect peptidoglycan fragments of S. pneumoniae. We here aimed to investigate the role of NOD2 in the host response during pneumococcal pneumonia. Phagocytosis of S. pneumoniae was studied in NOD2 deficient (Nod2-/-) and wild-type (Wt) alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in vitro. In subsequent in vivo experiments Nod2-/- and Wt mice were inoculated with serotype 2 S. pneumoniae (D39), an isogenic capsule locus deletion mutant (D39Δcps) or serotype 3 S. pneumoniae (6303) via the airways, and bacterial growth and dissemination and the lung inflammatory response were evaluated. Nod2-/- alveolar macrophages and blood neutrophils displayed a reduced capacity to internalize pneumococci in vitro. During pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae D39 Nod2-/- mice were indistinguishable from Wt mice with regard to bacterial loads in lungs and distant organs, lung pathology and neutrophil recruitment. While Nod2-/- and Wt mice also had similar bacterial loads after infection with the more virulent S. pneumoniae 6303 strain, Nod2-/- mice displayed a reduced bacterial clearance of the normally avirulent unencapsulated D39Δcps strain. These results suggest that NOD2 does not contribute to host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia and that the pneumococcal capsule impairs recognition of S. pneumoniae by NOD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijmen J. Hommes
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Miriam H. van Lieshout
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van ‘t Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hester J. Bootsma
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter W. Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alex F. de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Kawakami K. Immunological mechanism in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia and in the effectiveness of anti-pneumococcal vaccines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 104:2307-13. [PMID: 28520388 DOI: 10.2169/naika.104.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vorobiev DS, Semenova IB, Volokh YV, Romanenko EE, Baturo AP, Mikhailova NA. [STUDY OF PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF PROTEIN-CONTAINING ANTIGENS OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN A HETEROLOGOUS SYSTEM]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2015:51-55. [PMID: 26950989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Study protective activity of protein-containing antigens of pneumococcus, obtained from serotypes 6B, 10A, 14, 19F, 23F and 36R, against infection with heterologous strains of S. pneumoniae. MATERIALS AND METHODS S. pneumoniae strains of serotypes 3, 6B, 10A, 14, 19F, 23F and 36R, obtained from the collection of pneumococcus strains of Mechnikov RIVS, were used in the study. Protein-containing antigens of S. pneumoniae were isolated by acetone precipitations of supernatant fraction of culture medium. Protective activity of preparations of protein-containing antigens of pneumococcus as studied in experiments of active protection of BALb/c line mice. RESULTS The data obtained give evidence, that protein-containing antigens of pneumococcus, isolated from serotypes 6B, 10A, 14, 19F and 23F, effectively protect animals from subsequent infection with a heterologous S. pneumoniae strain of serotype 3 No. 11/56. Protection was noted at a level from 80 to 100% (p ≤ 0.05). Similar protective effect was detected in another experiment in a group of mice, immunized with preparations of protein-containing antigens of pneumococcus, obtained from serotypes 6B and 36R, against infection with a heterologous S. pneumoniae strain of serotype 3 No. 11/56. Protection was noted at a level of 90% (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of the experiments carried out allow to assume, that the main role in formation of cross-protection in experiments in animals is played by pneumococcus, proteins, that are a part of the studied preparations, and not polysaccharide antigens.
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Dennis EA, Coats MT, Griffin SE, Hale JY, Novak L, Briles DE, Crain MJ. The Effects of CFTR and Mucoid Phenotype on Susceptibility and Innate Immune Responses in a Mouse Model of Pneumococcal Lung Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140335. [PMID: 26469863 PMCID: PMC4607445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported the isolation of highly mucoid serotype 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) from the respiratory tracts of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Whether these highly mucoid Sp contribute to, or are associated with, respiratory failure among patients with CF remains unknown. Other mucoid bacteria, predominately Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are associated with CF respiratory decline. We used a mouse model of CF to study pneumococcal pneumonia with highly mucoid serotype 3 and non-mucoid serotype 19A Sp isolates. We investigated susceptibility to infection, survival, and bacterial counts from bronchoaviolar lavage samples and lung homogenates, as well as associated inflammatory cytokines at the site of infection, and lung pathology. Congenic CFTR-/- mice and wild-type (WT)-mice were infected intranasally with CHB756, CHB1126, and WU2 (highly mucoid capsular serotype 3, intermediately mucoid serotype 3, and less mucoid serotype 3, respectively), or CHB1058 (non-mucoid serotype 19A). BAL, lung homogenates, and blood were collected from mice 5 days post-infection. Higher CFU recovery and shorter survival were observed following infection of CFTR-/- mice with CHB756 compared to infection with CHB1126, WU2, or CHB1058 (P≤0.001). Additionally, CFTR-/- mice infected with CHB756 and CHB1126 were more susceptible to infection than WT-mice (P≤0.05). Between CFTR-/- mice and WT-mice, no significant differences in TNF-α, CXCL1/KC concentrations, or lung histopathology were observed. Our results indicate that highly mucoid type 3 Sp causes more severe lung disease than non-mucoid Sp, and does so more readily in the lungs of CFTR-/- than WT-mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evida A. Dennis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mamie T. Coats
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Griffin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Joanetha Y. Hale
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Lea Novak
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David E. Briles
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Marilyn J. Crain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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Bou Ghanem EN, Clark S, Roggensack SE, McIver SR, Alcaide P, Haydon PG, Leong JM. Extracellular Adenosine Protects against Streptococcus pneumoniae Lung Infection by Regulating Pulmonary Neutrophil Recruitment. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005126. [PMID: 26313746 PMCID: PMC4552087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An important determinant of disease following Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) lung infection is pulmonary inflammation mediated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). We found that upon intratracheal challenge of mice, recruitment of PMNs into the lungs within the first 3 hours coincided with decreased pulmonary pneumococci, whereas large numbers of pulmonary PMNs beyond 12 hours correlated with a greater bacterial burden. Indeed, mice that survived infection largely resolved inflammation by 72 hours, and PMN depletion at peak infiltration, i.e. 18 hours post-infection, lowered bacterial numbers and enhanced survival. We investigated host signaling pathways that influence both pneumococcus clearance and pulmonary inflammation. Pharmacologic inhibition and/or genetic ablation of enzymes that generate extracellular adenosine (EAD) (e.g. the ectoenzyme CD73) or degrade EAD (e.g. adenosine deaminase) revealed that EAD dramatically increases murine resistance to S. pneumoniae lung infection. Moreover, adenosine diminished PMN movement across endothelial monolayers in vitro, and although inhibition or deficiency of CD73 had no discernible impact on PMN recruitment within the first 6 hours after intratracheal inoculation of mice, these measures enhanced PMN numbers in the pulmonary interstitium after 18 hours of infection, culminating in dramatically elevated numbers of pulmonary PMNs at three days post-infection. When assessed at this time point, CD73-/- mice displayed increased levels of cellular factors that promote leukocyte migration, such as CXCL2 chemokine in the murine lung, as well as CXCR2 and β-2 integrin on the surface of pulmonary PMNs. The enhanced pneumococcal susceptibility of CD73-/- mice was significantly reversed by PMN depletion following infection, suggesting that EAD-mediated resistance is largely mediated by its effects on PMNs. Finally, CD73-inhibition diminished the ability of PMNs to kill pneumococci in vitro, suggesting that EAD alters both the recruitment and bacteriocidal function of PMNs. The EAD-pathway may provide a therapeutic target for regulating potentially harmful inflammatory host responses during Gram-positive bacterial pneumonia. Despite the presence of vaccines and antibiotic therapies, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) infections, such as pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis, remain a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Understanding the host factors that influence the outcome of S. pneumoniae infection will allow us to design better therapies. Here, we elucidate the role of rapidly responding innate immune cells termed neutrophils, or PMNs (polymorphonuclear leukocytes), whose role in S. pneumoniae infection has long been controversial. We found that PMNs are initially required for controlling bacterial numbers, but their extended presence in the lungs leads to significant damage and poor control of infection. The signals that control the movement of PMNs into the infected lungs are not well understood. Here, we identified extracellular adenosine (EAD), a molecule produced by the host in response to cellular damage, as important in limiting PMN movement into the lungs upon pneumococcal challenge. Importantly, EAD-mediated control of PMNs was crucial for fighting lung infection by S. pneumoniae. This study may lead to the potential use of clinically available adenosine-based therapies to combat pneumococcal pneumonia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa N. Bou Ghanem
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stacie Clark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sara E. Roggensack
- Program in Molecular Microbiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sally R. McIver
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Philip G. Haydon
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John M. Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mochan-Keef E, Swigon D, Ermentrout GB, Clermont G. A Three-Tiered Study of Differences in Murine Intrahost Immune Response to Multiple Pneumococcal Strains. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134012. [PMID: 26244863 PMCID: PMC4526468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We apply a previously developed 4-variable ordinary differential equation model of in-host immune response to pneumococcal pneumonia to study the variability of the immune response of MF1 mice and to explore bacteria-driven differences in disease progression and outcome. In particular, we study the immune response to D39 strain of bacteria missing portions of the pneumolysin protein controlling either the hemolytic activity or complement-activating activity, the response to D39 bacteria deficient in either neuraminidase A or B, and the differences in the response to D39 (serotype 2), 0100993 (serotype 3), and TIGR4 (serotype 4) bacteria. The model accurately reproduces infection kinetics in all cases and provides information about which mechanisms in the immune response have the greatest effect in each case. Results suggest that differences in the ability of bacteria to defeat immune response are primarily due to the ability of the bacteria to elude nonspecific clearance in the lung tissue as well as the ability to create damage to the lung epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka Mochan-Keef
- Joint Carnegie Mellon University-University of Pittsburgh PhD Program in Computational Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David Swigon
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - G. Bard Ermentrout
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Gilles Clermont
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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Haasis MA, Ceria JA, Kulpeng W, Teerawattananon Y, Alejandria M. Do Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Represent Good Value for Money in a Lower-Middle Income Country? A Cost-Utility Analysis in the Philippines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131156. [PMID: 26131961 PMCID: PMC4488861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study is to assess the value for money of introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines as part of the immunization program in a lower-middle income country, the Philippines, which is not eligible for GAVI support and lower vaccine prices. It also includes the newest clinical evidence evaluating the efficacy of PCV10, which is lacking in other previous studies. Methods A cost-utility analysis was conducted. A Markov simulation model was constructed to examine the costs and consequences of PCV10 and PCV13 against the current scenario of no PCV vaccination for a lifetime horizon. A health system perspective was employed to explore different funding schemes, which include universal or partial vaccination coverage subsidized by the government. Results were presented as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in Philippine peso (Php) per QALY gained (1 USD = 44.20 Php). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the impact of parameter uncertainty. Results With universal vaccination at a cost per dose of Php 624 for PCV10 and Php 700 for PCV13, both PCVs are cost-effective compared to no vaccination given the ceiling threshold of Php 120,000 per QALY gained, yielding ICERs of Php 68,182 and Php 54,510 for PCV10 and PCV13, respectively. Partial vaccination of 25% of the birth cohort resulted in significantly higher ICER values (Php 112,640 for PCV10 and Php 84,654 for PCV13) due to loss of herd protection. The budget impact analysis reveals that universal vaccination would cost Php 3.87 billion to 4.34 billion per annual, or 1.6 to 1.8 times the budget of the current national vaccination program. Conclusion The inclusion of PCV in the national immunization program is recommended. PCV13 achieved better value for money compared to PCV10. However, the affordability and sustainability of PCV implementation over the long-term should be considered by decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alexander Haasis
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Access and Management (NCPAM), Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
- * E-mail:
| | - Joyce Anne Ceria
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Access and Management (NCPAM), Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Wantanee Kulpeng
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Yot Teerawattananon
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Marissa Alejandria
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology-National Institutes of Health (NIH), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
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Shashank RJ, Samika SJ, Siddharth NS. Pneumococcal Vaccine in Diabetes: Relevance in India. J Assoc Physicians India 2015; 63:34-35. [PMID: 26562963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently we have more than 65 million Diabetes patients in India with estimated 80 million prediabetics. Diabetes is a immunologically vulnerable population to develop all types of microbial infections. Pneumoccocal infections do have a substantial morbidity and mortality burden in the community. India has a large geriatric pool now which has substantially increased pneumococcal disease burden. Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for pneumococcal infection and predisposes individuals to nasopharyngeal colonization with the pneumococcus which is associated with invasive infection. In diabetics who are elderly, with chronic kidney or pulmonary disease and long standing duration of the disease with poor glycemic control are the highest risk group susceptible to invasive pneumococcal disease. With now availibilty of Pneumoccal vaccine in India, now it may be an preventive option which can be offered. Most global organisations recommend pneumococcal vaccination to diabetics.
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Hull BP. Australian childhood immunisation coverage, 1 January to 31 March cohort, assessed as at 30 June 2014. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2015; 39:E165-E166. [PMID: 26063090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brynley P Hull
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases
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