1
|
Ye H, Sun M, Jin Z, Yuan Y, Weng H. FTY-720 alleviates diabetes-induced liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:960-970. [PMID: 37038097 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the protective effect of FTY-720 on liver injury and explore its potential mechanism in diabetic mice. The diabetic mouse model was induced with streptozotocin and FTY-720 was administered for 12 weeks. We assayed biocharacters and liver function and used histopathology staining to evaluate the protective effects of FTY-720 against diabetic liver injury. Levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver were observed. mRNA and protein levels of essential enzymes for glucose metabolism were quantified in the liver and the protein expression of TLR4, HIF1α and NF-κB was determined. In vivo results revealed that FTY-720 significantly lowered blood glucose and lipids and improved liver function and alleviated liver fibrosis in diabetic mice. FTY-720 reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, with the increased catalase activity and reduced levels of malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and MCP1. Furthermore, FTY-720 modulated glucose metabolism in liver and elevated the ATP production, showing the promotion of glycogenesis and glycolysis and inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Moreover, FTY-720 inhibited the expression of TLR4 and HIF1α, contributing to restoration of liver function. In conclusion, FTY-720 ameliorates diabetes-induced liver injury and improves glucose homeostasis by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation and may be a promise drug for treatment of liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijie Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Weng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yahiya YI, Hadi NR, Abu Raghif A, AL Habooby NGS. Protective effect of IAXO-102 on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Med Life 2023; 16:623-630. [PMID: 37305825 PMCID: PMC10251395 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of kidney damage, characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effects of IAXO-102, a chemical compound, on experimentally induced IRI in male rats. The bilateral renal IRI model was used, with 24 adult male rats randomly divided into four groups (N=6): sham group (laparotomy without IRI induction), control group (laparotomy plus bilateral IRI for 30 minutes followed by 2 hours of reperfusion), vehicle group (same as control but pre-injected with the vehicle), and treatment group (similar to control but pre-injected with IAXO-102). We measured several biomarkers involved in IRI pathophysiology using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), including High mobility group box1 (HMGB1), nuclear factor kappa b-p65 (NF-κB p65), interleukin beta-1 (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 8-isoprostane, Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX), heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), and Bcl-2. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. Our results showed that IAXO-102 significantly improved kidney function, reduced histological alterations, and decreased the inflammatory response (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF) caused by IRI. IAXO-102 also decreased apoptosis by reducing pro-apoptotic Bax and increasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 without impacting HSP27. In conclusion, our findings suggest that IAXO-102 had a significant protective effect against IRI damage in the kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahiya Ibrahim Yahiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Najah Rayish Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Abu Raghif
- Deptartment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aal-Aaboda M, Abu Raghif AR, Almudhafer RH, Hadi NR. Lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter spheroids modulate toll-like receptors expression and tissue damage in an animal model of bilateral renal ischemic reperfusion injury. J Med Life 2022; 15:685-697. [PMID: 35815074 PMCID: PMC9262262 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) of the kidneys is a direct sequela of surgical procedures associated with the interruption of blood supply. The pathophysiology of IRI is complicated, and several inflammatories, apoptosis, and oxidative stress pathways are implicated. Among the major receptors directly involved in renal IRI are the toll-like receptors (TLRs), specifically TLR2 and TLR4. In this study, we investigated the effects of Lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter Sphaeroides (TLR2 and TLR4 antagonist, LPS-RS) and the ultrapure form (pure TLR4 antagonist, ULPS-RS) on the histopathological changes and TLRs expression in an animal model of bilateral renal IRI. Forty-eight adult male rats were allocated into six groups (N=8) as follows: sham group (negative control without IRI), control group (rats underwent bilateral renal ischemia for 30 minutes and 2 hours of reperfusion), vehicle group (IRI+ vehicle), LPS-RS group (IRI+ 0.5 mg/kg of LPS-RS), ULPS-RS group (IRI+ 0.1 mg/kg of ULPS-RS), ULPS-RSH group (IRI+ 0.2 mg/kg of ULPS-RS). Significant improvement in the histopathological damages induced by renal IRI was found in the ULPS-RS treated groups at both doses compared with the control group. The protective effect of ULPS-RS was associated with significantly reduced TLR4 expression without affecting TLR2. Regarding LPS-RS, the tested dose adversely affected the renal tissues as manifested by the histopathological findings, although it similarly affected TLRs expression as ULPS-RS. Our results demonstrated that ULPS-RS was renoprotective while LPS-RS had no protective effect against the tissue damages induced by renal IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munaf Aal-Aaboda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Misan, Amarah, Iraq
| | | | - Rihab Hameed Almudhafer
- Middle Euphrates Unit for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Najah Riesh Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Najah Riesh Hadi, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reid S, Scholey JW. Recent Approaches to Targeting Canonical NF κB Signaling in the Early Inflammatory Response to Renal IRI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2117-2124. [PMID: 34108233 PMCID: PMC8729839 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most common cause of in-hospital AKI and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. IRI is associated with an early phase of inflammation primarily regulated by the canonical NFκB signaling pathway. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of IRI, few therapeutic strategies have emerged. The purpose of this manuscript is to review interventions targeting NFκB after IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Reid
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James W. Scholey
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of Dietary Brown Rice on the Growth Performance, Systemic Oxidative Status, and Splenic Inflammatory Responses of Broiler Chickens under Chronic Heat Stress. J Poult Sci 2021; 58:154-162. [PMID: 34447279 PMCID: PMC8371540 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary brown rice on the growth performance, systemic oxidative status, and splenic inflammatory responses of broiler chickens under both thermo-neutral and chronic heat stress conditions. Forty 12-day-old male broiler chickens (ROSS 308) were randomly assigned to two groups and fed either a control diet (corn-based) or a brown rice-based diet. After seven days (19 days old), both groups were randomly divided into two sub-groups (n=10), one of which was exposed to heat stress (33°C for 14 days), while the other was maintained at 24°C. Heat exposure reduced the body weight gain and feed intake (p<0.01) of both groups. In terms of oxidative plasma states, heat exposure reduced the glutathione peroxidase activity and increased the ceruloplasmin content, while the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and reduced glutathione levels were not affected adversely. Heat exposure activated the immune responses, as evidenced by increased plasma immunoglobin levels, and altered splenic immune-related gene expressions including heat shock proteins, toll-like receptor 4, and interleukin-12. Under both thermo-neutral and heat stress conditions, dietary brown rice improved the growth performance, decreased the immunoglobulin levels, and down-regulated the expression of splenic immune-related genes of broilers, although their systemic oxidative status was not affected. Dietary brown rice should be considered as a valuable component of broiler chicken feeds subjected to both thermo-neutral and heat stress conditions. The positive effects of brown rice on bird performance may be associated with the modulation of the immune responses, as reflected by the decreased production of immunoglobulins and altered splenic immune-related gene expression.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dong YF, Guo RB, Ji J, Cao LL, Zhang L, Chen ZZ, Huang JY, Wu J, Lu J, Sun XL. S1PR3 is essential for phosphorylated fingolimod to protect astrocytes against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuroinflammation via inhibiting TLR2/4-NFκB signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29536648 PMCID: PMC5980137 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720) is used as an immunosuppressant for multiple sclerosis. Numerous studies indicated its neuroprotective effects in stroke. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated. This study was intended to investigate the mechanisms of phosphorylated FTY720 (pFTY720), which was the principle active molecule in regulating astrocyte‐mediated inflammatory responses induced by oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD). Results demonstrated that pFTY720 could protect astrocytes against OGD‐induced injury and inflammatory responses. It significantly decreased pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Further, studies displayed that pFTY720 could prevent up‐regulation of Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) p65 subunit caused by OGD. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) knockdown could reverse the above change. Moreover, administration of TLR2/4 blocker abolished the protective effects of pFTY720. Taken together, this study reveals that pFTY720 depends on S1PR3 to protect astrocytes against OGD‐induced neuroinflammation, due to inhibiting TLR2/4‐PI3K‐NFκB signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Feng Dong
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruo-Bing Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Lu Cao
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng-Zhen Chen
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji-Ye Huang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Internal Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Masola V, Zaza G, Bellin G, Dall'Olmo L, Granata S, Vischini G, Secchi MF, Lupo A, Gambaro G, Onisto M. Heparanase regulates the M1 polarization of renal macrophages and their crosstalk with renal epithelial tubular cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury. FASEB J 2018; 32:742-756. [PMID: 28970256 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700597r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is part of the biologic network triggered by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, a complication of renal transplantation and acute kidney injury. During this period, the kidney or graft undergoes a process of macrophages recruitment and activation. HPSE may therefore control these biologic effects. We measured the ability of HPSE and its inhibitor, SST0001, to regulate macrophage polarization and the crosstalk between macrophages and HK-2 renal tubular cells during in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Furthermore, we evaluated in vivo renal inflammation, macrophage polarization, and histologic changes in mice subjected to monolateral I/R and treated with SST0001 for 2 or 7 d. The in vitro experiments showed that HPSE sustained M1 macrophage polarization and modulated apoptosis, the release of damage associated molecular patterns in post-H/R tubular cells, the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, and the up-regulation of TLRs on both epithelial cells and macrophages. HPSE also regulated M1 polarization induced by H/R-injured tubular cells and the partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition of these epithelial cells by M1 macrophages. All these effects were prevented by inhibiting HPSE. Furthermore, the inhibition of HPSE in vivo reduced inflammation and M1 polarization in mice undergoing I/R injury, partially restored renal function and normal histology, and reduced apoptosis. These results show for the first time that HPSE regulates macrophage polarization as well as renal damage and repair after I/R. HPSE inhibitors could therefore provide a new pharmacologic approach to minimize acute kidney injury and to prevent the chronic profibrotic damages induced by I/R.-Masola, V., Zaza, G., Bellin, G., Dall'Olmo, L., Granata, S., Vischini, G., Secchi, M. F., Lupo, A., Gambaro, G., Onisto, M. Heparanase regulates the M1 polarization of renal macrophages and their crosstalk with renal epithelial tubular cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masola
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Bellin
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Dall'Olmo
- Azienda Ulss 3 Serenissima, Ospedale San Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, Italy
| | - Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gisella Vischini
- Renal Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; and
| | | | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Renal Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Padova, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aquaporin-3 deletion in mice results in renal collecting duct abnormalities and worsens ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1231-1241. [PMID: 28344130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin-3 (AQP3), a transporter of water, glycerol and H2O2, is expressed in basolateral membranes of principal cells in kidney collecting duct. Here, we report that AQP3 deletion in mice affects renal function and modulates renal injury. We found collecting duct hyperplasia and cell swelling in kidneys of adult AQP3 null mice. After mild renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR), AQP3 null mice had significantly greater blood urea nitrogen (57mg/dl) and creatinine (136μM) than wild-type mice (35mg/dl and 48μM, respectively), and showed renal morphological changes, including tubular dilatation, erythrocyte diapedesis and collecting duct incompletion. MPO, MDA and SOD following IR in AQP3 null mice were significantly different from that in wild-type mice (1.7U/g vs 0.8U/g, 3.9μM/g vs 2.4μM/g, 6.4U/mg vs 11U/mg, respectively). Following IR, AQP3 deletion inhibited activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and produced an increase in the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 and p-p53/p53. Studies in transfected MDCK cells showed that AQP3 expression attenuated reduced cell viability following hypoxia-reoxygenation, with reduced apoptosis and increased MAPK signaling. Our results support a novel role for AQP3 in modulating renal injury and suggest the mechanisms involved in protection against hypoxic injury.
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang S. Upregulation of TLR4 mRNA Expression Levels in Broiler Chickens Under Acute Heat Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Huang
- Henan Agricultural University, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li X, Yang J, Yang J, Dong W, Li S, Wu H, Li L. RP105 protects against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury via suppressing TLR4 signaling pathways in rat model. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100:281-6. [PMID: 26742900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
11
|
Fung A, Zhao H, Yang B, Lian Q, Ma D. Ischaemic and inflammatory injury in renal graft from brain death donation: an update review. J Anesth 2016; 30:307-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-015-2120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
12
|
Caban A, Oczkowicz G, Budziński G, Suszka-Świtek A, Dolińska B, Ostróżka-Cieślik A, Wieczorek J, Ryszka F, Wiaderkiewicz R, Cierpka L. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in pigs' kidneys early after autotransplantation procedure. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:2545-7. [PMID: 25380861 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper was to evaluate mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and 4 (TLR4) and the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88) in pigs' kidneys 14 and 30 days after autotransplantation. METHODS The research was conducted on 12 animals that underwent left renal transplantation procedure with further standardized rinsing with Biolasol solution and 24 hours' storage in 4°C; subsequently the kidneys were implanted in the right retroperitoneal space after right-side nephrectomy. Six randomly chosen animals (group I) were under observation for 14 days, the other 6 (group II) for 30 days. After these observation periods, the animals were killed and 4-g samples were collected from the renal cortex and medulla. RESULTS Expression of mRNA in homogenates of collected samples were determined with the use of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Obtained results in both groups, presented in relation to GAPDH, were compared with the use of Mann-Whitney U test. Stable graft function was observed in all animals from the 2nd day after the procedure. TLR2 in group I reached the mean value of 3.64 and was statistically significantly higher than in group II (2.19). Inverse proportion was observed in case of mRNA for TLR4: group II presented 2 times higher value than group I (0.25 vs 0.11). Similarly, significant difference was observed in MyD88 (group I, 0.067; group II, 0.45). CONCLUSIONS At 14 days after autotransplantation of a pig kidney, mRNA expression for TLR2 is dominant; later, expression increases for TLR4 and MyD88.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Caban
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - G Oczkowicz
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - G Budziński
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - B Dolińska
- Department of Applied Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | | | - J Wieczorek
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Kraków-Balice, Poland
| | - F Ryszka
- "Biochefa" Pharmaceutical Research Production Plant, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - R Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - L Cierpka
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu J, Benabou K, Cui X, Madia M, Tzeng E, Billiar T, Watkins S, Sachdev U. TLR4 Deters Perfusion Recovery and Upregulates Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) in Ischemic Skeletal Muscle and Endothelial Cells. Mol Med 2015; 21:605-15. [PMID: 26181630 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in regulating muscle regeneration and angiogenesis in response to ischemia. TLR2 knockout mice exhibit pronounced skeletal muscle necrosis and abnormal vessel architecture after femoral artery ligation, suggesting that TLR2 signaling is protective during ischemia. TLR4, an important receptor in inflammatory signaling, has been shown to regulate TLR2 expression in other systems. We hypothesize that a similar relationship between TLR4 and TLR2 may exist in hindlimb ischemia in which TLR4 upregulates TLR2, a mediator of angiogenesis and perfusion recovery. We examined the expression of TLR2 in unstimulated and in TLR-agonist treated endothelial cells (ECs). TLR2 expression (low in control ECs) was upregulated by lipopolysaccharide, the danger signal high mobility group box-1, and hypoxia in a TLR4-dependent manner. Endothelial tube formation on Matrigel as well as EC permeability was assessed as in vitro measures of angiogenesis. Time-lapse imaging demonstrated that ECs lacking TLR4 formed more tubes, whereas TLR2 knockdown ECs exhibited attenuated tube formation. TLR2 also mediated EC permeability, an initial step during angiogenesis, in response to high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) that is released by cells during hypoxic injury. In vivo, ischemia-induced upregulation of TLR2 required intact TLR4 signaling that mediated systemic inflammation, as measured by local and systemic IL-6 levels. Similar to our in vitro findings, vascular density and limb perfusion were both enhanced in the absence of TLR4 signaling, but not if TLR2 was deleted. These findings indicate that TLR2, in the absence of TLR4, improves angiogenesis and perfusion recovery in response to ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kelly Benabou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xiangdong Cui
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marissa Madia
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Edith Tzeng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Timothy Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Simon Watkins
- Centers for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ulka Sachdev
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
FTY720 inhibits tubulointerstitial inflammation in albumin overload-induced nephropathy of rats via the Sphk1 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1537-45. [PMID: 25399649 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM FTY720, a new immunomodulatory drug with low cytotoxicity, is currently used to treat multiple sclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of FTY720 on inflammatory cell infiltration in albumin overload-induced nephropathy of rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to right-side nephrectomy and divided into 3 groups. One week after the surgery, albumin overload (AO) group was treated with BSA (5 g·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip) for 9 weeks; AO+FTY720 group was given BSA (5 g·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip) plus FTY720 (0.5 g·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip) for 9 weeks; and control group received daily ip injection of equivalent volume of saline. All rats were killed 9 weeks after nephrectomy. RESULTS AO rats exhibited gradually increased urinary protein excretion accompanied by elevated urinary N-acetyl-β-O-glucosaminidase activity, and both reached their peak values at week 7. Furthermore, AO significantly increased lymphocytes and monocytes in circulation and the inflammatory cells recruited to tubulointerstitium, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6, as well as sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors S1pr1 and S1pr3, and S1P-synthesizing enzyme sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) in the kidney. Concomitant administration of FTY720 significantly attenuated all the AO-induced pathological changes. CONCLUSION FTY720 alleviates tubulointerstitium inflammation in an AO rat model of nephropathy via down-regulation of the Sphk1 pathway.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li YW, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li X, Yu JB, Zhang HT, Tan BB, Jiang LH, Wang YX, Liang Y, Zhang XS, Wang WS, Liu HG. Protective effect of tea polyphenols on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via suppressing the activation of TLR4/NF-κB p65 signal pathway. Gene 2014; 542:46-51. [PMID: 24630969 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TP) was investigated in rats for its protective effect on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI). Rats were randomized into groups as follows: (I) sham group (n=10); (II) RIRI group (n=10); (III) RIRI+TP (100mg/kg) group (n=5); (IV) RIRI+TP (200mg/kg) group (n=5); (V) RIRI+TP+ Astragalus mongholicus aqueous extract (AMAE) (300 mg/kg+100mg/kg) group (n=5). For the IRI+TP groups, rats were orally given with tea polyphenols (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight) once daily 10 days before induction of ischemia, followed by renal IRI. For the sham group and RIRI group, rats were orally given with equal volume of saline once daily 10 days before induction of ischemia, followed by renal IRI. Results showed that tea polyphenol pretreatment significantly suppressed ROS level and MDA release. On the other hand, in rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion, the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) showed recovery, whereas the levels of urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were reduced by administration of tea polyphenols orally for 10 days prior to ischemia-reperfusion. Moreover, tea polyphenol pretreatment significantly decreased TLR4 and NF-κB p65 protein expression levels in RIRI rats. At the same time, tea polyphenol pretreatment attenuated the increased level of serum IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1 and TNF-α, and enhanced IL-10 production in RIRI rats. Furthermore, tea polyphenol pretreatment significantly decreased renal epithelial tubular cell apoptosis induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion, alleviating renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. These results cumulatively indicate that tea polyphenol pretreatment could suppress the TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway, protecting renal tubular epithelial cells against ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis, which implies that antioxidants may be a potential and effective agent for prevention of the ischemic/reperfusion injury through the suppression extrinsic apoptotic signal pathway induced by TLR4/NF-κB p65 signal pathway. Moreover, supplement of AMAE can increased renal protection effect of TP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xu Li
- Tianjin institute of medical and pharmaceutical sciences, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Jian-Bo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Nan Kai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Bin-Bin Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lian-Hao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ya-Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiu-Shan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Hai-Gen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schwalm S, Pfeilschifter J, Huwiler A. Targeting the sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1-phosphate pathway to treat chronic inflammatory kidney diseases. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:44-9. [PMID: 23789924 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases including glomerulonephritis are often accompanied by acute or chronic inflammation that leads to an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) production and subsequent glomerulosclerosis. Glomerulonephritis is one of the leading causes for end-stage renal failure with high morbidity and mortality, and there are still only a limited number of drugs for treatment available. In this MiniReview, we discuss the possibility of targeting sphingolipids, specifically the sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway, as new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glomerulonephritis, as this pathway was demonstrated to be dysregulated under disease conditions. Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a multifunctional signalling molecule, which was shown to influence several hallmarks of glomerulonephritis including mesangial cell proliferation, renal inflammation and fibrosis. Most importantly, the site of action of S1P determines the final effect on disease progression. Concerning renal fibrosis, extracellular S1P acts pro-fibrotic via activation of cell surface S1P receptors, whereas intracellular S1P was shown to attenuate the fibrotic response. Interference with S1P signalling by treatment with FTY720, an S1P receptor modulator, resulted in beneficial effects in various animal models of chronic kidney diseases. Also, sonepcizumab, a monoclonal anti-S1P antibody that neutralizes extracellular S1P, and a S1P-degrading recombinant S1P lyase are promising new strategies for the treatment of glomerulonephritis. In summary, especially due to the bifunctionality of S1P, the SphK1/S1P pathway provides multiple target sites for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schwalm
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pereira FV, Arruda DC, Figueiredo CR, Massaoka MH, Matsuo AL, Bueno V, Rodrigues EG. FTY720 induces apoptosis in B16F10-NEX2 murine melanoma cells, limits metastatic development in vivo, and modulates the immune system. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:1018-27. [PMID: 23917669 PMCID: PMC3715017 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(07)21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Available chemotherapy presents poor control over the development of metastatic melanoma. FTY720 is a compound already approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. It has also been observed that FTY720 inhibits tumor growth in vivo (experimental models) and in vitro (animal and human tumor cells). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of FTY720 on a metastatic melanoma model and in tumor cell lines. METHODS We analyzed FTY720 efficacy in vivo in a syngeneic murine metastatic melanoma model, in which we injected tumor cells intravenously into C57BL/6 mice and then treated the mice orally with the compound for 7 days. We also treated mice and human tumor cell lines with FTY720 in vitro, and cell viability and death pathways were analyzed. RESULTS FTY720 treatment limited metastatic melanoma growth in vivo and promoted a dose-dependent decrease in the viability of murine and human tumor cells in vitro. Melanoma cells treated with FTY720 exhibited characteristics of programmed cell death, reactive oxygen species generation, and increased β-catenin expression. In addition, FTY720 treatment resulted in an immunomodulatory effect in vivo by decreasing the percentage of Foxp3+ cells, without interfering with CD8+ T cells or lymphocyte-producing interferon-gamma. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed using FTY720 as a monotherapy or in combined therapy, as different types of cancer cells would require a variety of signaling pathways to be extinguished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe V Pereira
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia do Câncer, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM-UNIFESP), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
de Almeida Chaves Rodrigues AF, de Lima ILB, Bergamaschi CT, Campos RR, Hirata AE, Schoorlemmer GHM, Gomes GN. Increased renal sympathetic nerve activity leads to hypertension and renal dysfunction in offspring from diabetic mothers. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F189-97. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00241.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of the fetus to a hyperglycemic environment promotes the development of hypertension and renal dysfunction in the offspring at adult age. We evaluated the role of renal nerves in the hypertension and renal changes seen in offspring of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in female Wistar rats (streptozotocin, 60 mg/kg ip) before mating. Male offspring from control and diabetic dams were studied at an age of 3 mo. Systolic blood pressure measured by tail cuff was increased in offspring of diabetic dams (146 ± 1.6 mmHg, n = 19, compared with 117 ± 1.4 mmHg, n = 18, in controls). Renal function, baseline renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA), and arterial baroreceptor control of rSNA were analyzed in anesthetized animals. Glomerular filtration rate, fractional sodium excretion, and urine flow were significantly reduced in offspring of diabetic dams. Two weeks after renal denervation, blood pressure and renal function in offspring from diabetic dams were similar to control, suggesting that renal nerves contribute to sodium retention in offspring from diabetic dams. Moreover, basal rSNA was increased in offspring from diabetic dams, and baroreceptor control of rSNA was impaired, with blunted responses to infusion of nitroprusside and phenylephrine. Thus, data from this study indicate that in offspring from diabetic mothers, renal nerves have a clear role in the etiology of hypertension; however, other factors may also contribute to this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid Lauren Brites de Lima
- Disciplina de Fisiologia Renal e Termometabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil; and
| | - Cássia Toledo Bergamaschi
- Disciplina de Fisiologia Cardiovascular e Respiratória, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ruy Ribeiro Campos
- Disciplina de Fisiologia Cardiovascular e Respiratória, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Aparecida Emiko Hirata
- Disciplina de Fisiologia Renal e Termometabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil; and
| | - Guus Hermanus Maria Schoorlemmer
- Disciplina de Fisiologia Cardiovascular e Respiratória, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Guiomar Nascimento Gomes
- Disciplina de Fisiologia Renal e Termometabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil; and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khan AM, Li M, Abdulnour-Nakhoul S, Maderdrut JL, Simon EE, Batuman V. Delayed administration of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38 ameliorates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by modulating Toll-like receptors. Peptides 2012; 38:395-403. [PMID: 23023072 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38 (PACAP38) ameliorates kidney injury after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) by modulating Toll-like receptor (TLR)-associated signaling pathways. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 45 min. PACAP38, 20 μg in 100 μl of saline, was administered i.p. at 24 and 48 h after IR, and mice were euthanized at 72h. In IR mice, PACAP38 maintained serum creatinine near control levels (0.81 ± 0.08 vs. 0.69 ± 0.17 mg/dl in controls, p=NS, vs. 1.8 ± 0.03 in saline-treated IR mice, p<0.01) and significantly reduced the expression of kidney injury biomarkers. PACAP38 significantly reduced the levels of apoptosis and neutrophil infiltration, and protected against tubular damage. With PCR arrays, 59 of 83 TLR-related genes significantly changed their expression after IR. TLR2 increased 162 fold, followed by Fas-associated death domain (37 fold) and TLR6 (24 fold), while ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1 (UBE2V1) decreased 55 fold. PACAP38 given 24 and 48 h after IR injury significantly reversed these changes in 56 genes, including TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR6, and genes in the NF-κB pathways. The alterations in TLR2, TLR3, TLR6, and UBE2V1 were confirmed by RT-PCR. After IR, PACAP38 also suppressed protein levels of TLR-associated cytokines. PACAP38 reversed the changes in IR-activated TLR-associated NF-κB signaling pathways even when treatment was delayed 24h. Therefore, PACAP38 could be an effective therapeutic for unexpected IR-mediated renal injury. The prominently IR-induced TLR-related genes identified in this study could be novel drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altaf-M Khan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Therapeutic role of toll-like receptor modification in cardiovascular dysfunction. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 58:231-9. [PMID: 23070056 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are key pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system. The TLR-mediated immune response against pathogens is usually protective however inappropriate TLR activation may lead to excessive tissue damage. It is well recognised that TLRs respond to a variety of endogenous as well as exogenous ligands. By responding to endogenous ligands that are exposed during cellular damage, TLRs have been implicated in a range of pathological conditions associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. Increasing knowledge on the mechanisms involved in TLR signalling has encouraged the exploration of therapeutic pharmacological modulation of TLR activation in conditions such as atherosclerosis, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure and ischaemic reperfusion injury. The aim of this review is to explore the translational potentials of TLR modification in cardiovascular dysfunction, where these agents have been studied.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Acute kidney injury occurs with kidney transplantation and too frequently progresses to the clinical diagnosis of delayed graft function (DGF). Poor kidney function in the first week of graft life is detrimental to the longevity of the allograft. Challenges to understand the root cause of DGF include several pathologic contributors derived from the donor (ischemic injury, inflammatory signaling) and recipient (reperfusion injury, the innate immune response and the adaptive immune response). Progressive demand for renal allografts has generated new organ categories that continue to carry high risk for DGF for deceased donor organ transplantation. New therapies seek to subdue the inflammatory response in organs with high likelihood to benefit from intervention. Future success in suppressing the development of DGF will require a concerted effort to anticipate and treat tissue injury throughout the arc of the transplantation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Siedlecki
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - William Irish
- CTI, Clinical Trial and Consulting Services, Raleigh, NC
| | - Daniel C. Brennan
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|