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Zhan ZY, Jiang M, Zhang ZH, An YM, Wang XY, Wu YL, Nan JX, Lian LH. NETs contribute to psoriasiform skin inflammation: A novel therapeutic approach targeting IL-36 cytokines by a small molecule tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 131:155783. [PMID: 38838402 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated skin disease with pathological features such as aberrant differentiation of keratinocytes, dermal-epidermal inflammation, and angiogenesis. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxy stilbene 2-Ο-β-d-glucoside (2354Glu) is a natural small molecule polyhydrostilbenes isolated from Polygonum multiglorum Thunb. The regulation of IL-36 subfamily has led to new pharmacologic strategies to reverse psoriasiform dermatitis. PURPOSE Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of 2354Glu and elucidated the underlying mechanism in psoriasis. METHODS The effects of 2354Glu on IL-36 signaling were assessed by psoriasiform in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo model. The in vivo mice model of psoriasis-like skin inflammation was established by applying imiquimod (IMQ), and the in vitro and ex vitro models were established by stimulating mouse primary keratinocyte, human keratinocytes cells (HaCaT) and ex vivo skin tissue isolated from the mice back with Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), IMQ, IL-36γ and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) respectively. Moreover, NETs formation was inhibited by Cl-amidine to evaluate the effect of NETs in psoriatic mouse model. The effects of 2354Glu on skin inflammation were assessed by western blot, H&E, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS In Poly(I:C)-stimulated keratinocytes, the secretion of IL-36 was inhibited after treatment with 2354Glu, similar to the effects of TLR3, P2X7R and caspase-1 inhibitors. In aldara (imiquimod)-induced mice, 2354Glu (100 and 25 mg/kg) improved immune cell infiltration and hyperkeratosis in psoriasis by directly targeting IL-36 in keratinocytes through P2X7R-caspase-1. When treatment with 2354Glu (25 mg/kg) was insufficient to inhibit IL-36γ, NETs reduced pathological features and IL-36 signaling by interacting with keratinocytes to combat psoriasis like inflammation. CONCLUSION These results indicated that NETs had a beneficial effect on psoriasiform dermatitis. 2354Glu alleviates psoriasis by directly targeting IL-36/P2X7R axis and NET formation, providing a potential candidate for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ying Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai Campus, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying-Mei An
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Minami Y, Shinkuma S, Yokoyama T, Shinoda S, Hamada K, Arima A, Ogawa K, Miyagawa F, Asada H. A case of generalized pustular psoriasis complicated with SLE successfully treated with spesolimab. J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38680031 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Minami
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Satoru Shinkuma
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yokoyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Susumu Shinoda
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kengo Hamada
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Ai Arima
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Fumi Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hideo Asada
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Sato E, Imayoshi H, Tsutsui Y, Shimizu H, Imafuku S. Mature IL-36γ Induces Stratum Corneum Exfoliation in Generalized Pustular Psoriasis by Suppressing Corneodesmosin. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:764-773.e4. [PMID: 37827276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function sequence variations in the IL36RN gene encoding IL-36 receptor antagonist cause familial generalized pustular psoriasis, which begins shortly after birth and is difficult to treat, and its effects on the epidermis are unclear. This study investigated the involvement of IL-36 receptor agonists in the epidermal formation of generalized pustular psoriasis. We found that the IL-36 receptor agonists, especially mature IL-36γ, stimulated IL-8 and pro-IL-36γ production in the epidermis while downregulating the genes encoding epidermal cornified envelope-related proteins, for example, corneodesmosin. IL-36 receptor antagonist and monoclonal anti-IL-36γ antibodies counteracted the effect of mature IL-36γ on corneodesmosin in keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In the epidermis of patients with generalized pustular psoriasis with IL36RN loss-of-function sequence variations, pro-IL-36γ was overproduced in the epidermis, and corneodesmosin protein expression was markedly decreased in the region of giant subcorneal pustules (Kogoj's spongiform pustules), with high neutrophil infiltration. IL-8 induced by mature IL-36γ stimulated the infiltration of several neutrophils in the epidermis. The newly produced pro-IL-36γ is cleaved to the mature form by neutrophil proteases. This newly produced mature IL-36γ was predicted to further suppress the gene expression of corneodesmosin, leading to significant stratum corneum exfoliation and formation of the pustules. Overall, our results elucidate the mechanism underlying the formation of Kogoj's spongiform pustules in generalized pustular psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Imayoshi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsutsui
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Imafuku
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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4
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Zeng X, Alimu X, Bahabayi A, Zhang Z, Zheng M, Yuan Z, Liu T, Liu C. Helios characterized circulating follicular helper T cells with enhanced functional phenotypes and was increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38240853 PMCID: PMC10799143 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Helios was related to the immunosuppressive capacity and stability of regulatory T cells. However, the significance of Helios in follicular help T (TFH) and follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells is unclear. This research aimed to clarify the significance of Helios (IKZF2) in TFH and TFR cells and its clinical value in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IKZF2 mRNA in different cell subsets was analyzed. Helios+ percentages in TFH and TFR cells were identified in the peripheral blood of 75 SLE patients and 62 HCs (healthy controls). PD-1 and ICOS expression were compared between Helios+ and Helios- cells. The capacity of TFH cells to secrete IL-21 and TFR cells to secrete IL-10 was measured. Correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were conducted to assess the clinical significance of Helios-related TFH and TFR cell subsets in SLE. There was Helios expression in TFH and TFR cells. PD-1 and ICOS were lower in Helios+ TFR than in Helios- TFR. ICOS was increased in Helios+ TFH cells compared with Helios- TFH cells, and ICOS in Helios+ TFH cells was downregulated in SLE. Helios+ TFH cells secreted more IL-21 than Helios- TFH cells, and Helios+ TFH cells from SLE patients had a stronger IL-21 secretion than HCs. Helios+ TFH percentages were negatively correlated with C3 and C4 and positively related to CRP and SLEDAI, and the AUC of Helios+ TFH to distinguish SLE from HC was 0.7959. Helios characterizes circulating TFH cells with enhanced function. Increased Helios+ TFH cells could reflect the autoimmune status of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11# Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiayidan Alimu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11# Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ayibaota Bahabayi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11# Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11# Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Mohan Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zihang Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianci Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11# Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11# Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Hawkes JE, Visvanathan S, Krueger JG. The role of the interleukin-36 axis in generalized pustular psoriasis: a review of the mechanism of action of spesolimab. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292941. [PMID: 38077370 PMCID: PMC10703363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by recurrent flares associated with skin erythema, desquamation, and widespread superficial sterile pustules, which may be severe ("lakes of pus"). Systemic symptoms are often present, including malaise, fever, and skin pain. In GPP, innate immune responses are driven by abnormal activation of the interleukin (IL)-36-chemokine-neutrophil axis and excessive neutrophil infiltration. This review highlights the IL-36 pathway in the context of the IL-1 superfamily and describes how unopposed IL-36 signaling can lead to the development of GPP. Targeted inhibition of the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) is an attractive therapeutic strategy in the treatment of GPP, including flare prevention and sustained disease control. Spesolimab is a first-in-class, humanized, monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the IL-36R and antagonizes IL-36 signaling. Spesolimab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in September 2022 to treat GPP flares in adults and was subsequently approved for GPP flare treatment in other countries across the world. Anti-IL-36R therapy, such as spesolimab, can mitigate flares and address flare prevention in GPP, presumably through rebalancing IL-36 signaling and modulating the pro-inflammatory response of the downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Hawkes
- Integrative Skin Science and Research and Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Sudha Visvanathan
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
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Li M, Jiang W, Wang Z, Lu Y, Zhang J. New insights on IL‑36 in intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:275. [PMID: 37206554 PMCID: PMC10189745 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily, which includes three receptor agonists and one antagonist and exhibits a familial feature of inflammatory regulation. Distributed among various tissues, such as the skin, lung, gut and joints, the mechanism of IL-36 has been most completely investigated in the skin and has been used in clinical treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis. Meanwhile, the role of IL-36 in the intestine has also been under scrutiny and has been shown to be involved in the regulation of various intestinal diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer are the most predominant inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the intestine, and multiple studies have identified a complex role for IL-36 in both of them. Indeed, inhibiting IL-36 signaling is currently regarded as a promising therapeutic approach. Therefore, the present review briefly describes the composition and expression of IL-36 and focuses on the role of IL-36 in intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. The targeted therapies that are currently being developed for the IL-36 receptor are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Zehui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Yihan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Jun Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 8th Floor, 8th Building, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
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7
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Wang C, Hu J, Shi J. Role of Interleukin-36 in inflammatory joint diseases. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:249-259. [PMID: 37283111 PMCID: PMC10409900 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 is a family of cytokines that belongs to the larger IL-1 superfamily. IL-36 agonist/antagonist binds to the interleukin-36 receptor involving in physiological inflammation regulation and pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. In inflammatory joint diseases, the expression of IL-36 changes, and some studies have initially explored the role of IL-36 in these diseases. In psoriatic arthritis, IL-36 signal mediates plasma cell and fibroblast-like synoviocyte crosstalk presenting IL-36 agonist/antagonist imbalance. In rheumatoid arthritis, IL-36 agonists induce fibroblast-like synoviocyte to produce pro-inflammatory factors, while IL-36 antagonist deficiency leads to lesion progression. In osteoarthritis, IL-36 agonists induce chondrocytes to produce catabolic enzymes and pro-inflammatory factors. This article reviews the expression and function of IL-36 in different inflammatory joint diseases to provide a reference for revealing their pathogenic mechanisms and discovering therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyi Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Ji'an Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Maglie R, Mercurio L, Morelli M, Madonna S, Salemme A, Baffa ME, Quintarelli L, Di Zenzo GM, Antiga E, Albanesi C. Interleukin-36 cytokines are overexpressed in the skin and sera of patients with bullous pemphigoid. Exp Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36940975 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune bullous disease, characterized by autoantibodies targeting BP180 and BP230. The role of interleukin (IL)-36, a potent chemoattractant for granulocytes, in BP remains elusive.The expression of IL-36 cytokines (IL-36α, β, γ) and their antagonists (IL-36Ra and IL-38) was analysed in the skin and serum samples of patients with BP (n = 31), psoriasis (n = 10) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 14) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Skin and serum levels of all cytokines were correlated with the Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (BPDAI) score and with the serum concentration of pathogenic antibodies.IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra were significantly (p < 0.05) overexpressed in BP skin compared to HC, without remarkable differences relative to psoriasis skin. The expression of IL-38 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BP compared to psoriasis skin.IL-36α and γ, but not β, serum concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BP compared to HC. IL-36γ was significantly (p < 0.05) more expressed in the serum of psoriasis patients than BP. The serum concentration of IL-36Ra and IL-38 were similar between BP and HC, while IL-38 serum levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BP compared to psoriasis patients. Serum IL-36α correlated significantly with BPDAI (r = 0.5 p = 0.001).IL-36 agonists are increased in BP patients, both locally and systemically. Serum IL-36α might represent a potential biomarker for BP. An inefficient balance between IL-36 agonists and antagonists is likely to occur during BP inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Maglie
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Mercurio
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Morelli
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Salemme
- Molecular and Cell Biology laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria E Baffa
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lavinia Quintarelli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni M Di Zenzo
- Molecular and Cell Biology laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Antiga
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Talib Mohammed W, Mahmood Alubadi AE, Munshed Alosami MH. Evaluation of serum Interleukin 36 in Iraqi patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. BIONATURA 2023. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.01.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a worldwide inflammatory chronic autoimmune disease with varying severity. Due to no definitive cure for this disease, current therapies aim to decrease the pain and slow further damage. The interleukin (IL)‐36 cytokine was little known for its role in rheumatoid arthritis; this research aimed to evaluate the serum IL36 levels in RA patients compared to healthy controls. This study included 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis registered at the Rheumatology Clinic in Baghdad teaching hospital. The patients were divided into three groups based on the treatments received. Group 1 included patients treated with biological therapy (etanercept, adalimumab), Group2 patients with non-biological treatment (methotrexate hydroxychloroquine and prednisone), Group3 patients without any treatment and compared with Group 4 healthy control group. Patients is all groups were assessed for their serum IL-36 concentration; the mean IL-36 serum level was significantly higher in three groups of RA patients which include the group of patients treated with biological therapy (Enbrel (etanercept) and Humira (adalimumab) means were (1132.41±475.2,), and group of non-biological therapy patients (Methotrexate hydroxychloroquine and prednisone) (G2) means was 553.95±307, than patients' group without any treatment (G3) means was 1044.01±575.3 compared to the control (341.38±113.1) p-value> 0.00001. The patient's age and BMI were not significantly different between three groups of patient Rheumatoid arthritis. Parameters for this disease also were tested which include RF, CRP, ESR, anti-CCP and disease activity score-28 (DAS 28), there were significant differences when compared with the control group. IL-36 serum level was significantly higher in three groups of rheumatoid arthritis than those in controls, and when compared between three patients groups there was less concentration in the non-biological therapy treatment group means was 553.95±307 than in the rest of the patient groups,biology tratment, without any treatment, means were (1132.41±475.2, 1044.01±575.3) respectively. This study found that Rheumatoid arthritis patients' serum IL36 levels increased, where a non-biologic therapies reduced this cytokine. IL-36's pathogenic involvement in Rheumatoid arthritis needs more study.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, IL-36, IL-1,C‐reactive protein, RF, ESR and anti-CCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Talib Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Xiong H, Tang Z, Xu Y, Shi Z, Guo Z, Liu X, Tan G, Ai X, Guo Q. CD19 +CD24 highCD27 + B cell and interleukin 35 as potential biomarkers of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:48. [PMID: 36494762 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that associates with aberrant activation of B lymphocytes and excessive autoantibodies. Interleukin 10 (IL-10)/interleukin 35 (IL-35) and IL-10/IL-35-producing regulatory B cells have been demonstrated to possess immunosuppressive functions during systemic lupus erythematosus. Here, we detected the proportion of CD19+CD24highCD27+ B cells as well as IL-10 and IL-35 levels in peripheral blood of SLE patients and healthy individuals, and investigated their relations with clinical features of SLE. METHODS 41 SLE patients and 25 healthy controls were recruited. The patients were divided into groups based on SLEDAI score, anti-dsDNA antibody, rash, nephritis and hematological disorder. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD24hiCD27+ B cells. ELISA was used to detect serum levels of IL-10 and IL-35. RESULTS Our results showed that the CD19+CD24highCD27+ B population was decreased in active SLE patients, and anti-correlated with the disease activity. Of note, we found significant increase of IL-10 and decrease of IL-35 in SLE patients with disease activity score > 4, lupus nephritis or hematological disorders compared to those without related clinical features. CONCLUSIONS Reduced CD19+CD24highCD27+ B cells expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. Moreover, we supposed that IL-35 instead of IL-10 played a crucial role in immune regulation during SLE disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetic and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Zengqi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenrui Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixuan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518040, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhen Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuechen Ai
- Department of Dermatology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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Guo L, Zhang Q, Lv C, Ma X, Song X, Huang J, Chen W, Li C, Ding Q. A novel biomarker for pleural effusion diagnosis: Interleukin-36γ in pleural fluid. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 37:e24799. [PMID: 36478612 PMCID: PMC9833963 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have described the critical importance of interleukin (IL) -36γ in host defense against lung infections, but it is unknown whether it plays a role in infectious pleural effusion (IPE). This study aimed to examine the levels of IL-36γ in pleural effusions of different etiologies and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of IL-36γ in the differential diagnosis of IPE. METHODS A total of 112 individuals was enrolled in this research. IL-36γ levels in pleural fluids of all 112 patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also characterized these markers' diagnostic values across various groups. RESULTS Patients with tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and parapneumonic effusion (PPE) had exhibited markedly higher IL-36γ levels in their pleural fluid than the malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and transudative effusion patients. Furthermore, the IL-36γ concentrations in TPE patients were evidently higher than in uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion (UPPE) patients but significantly lower than in complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE)/empyema patients. Pleural fluid IL-36γ is a useful marker to differentiate TPE from UPPE, at a cut-off value for 657.5 pg/ml (area under the curve = 0.904, p < 0.0001) with 70.0% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity. CONCLUSIONS The elevated IL-36γ in pleural effusion may be used as a novel biomarker for infectious pleural effusion diagnosis, particularly in patients with CPPE/empyema, and is a potentially promising biomarker to differentiate between TPE and UPPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Guo
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Qipan Zhang
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Chengna Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Xudan Ma
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Xuxiang Song
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical CollegeNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Weili Chen
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Chaofen Li
- Department of laboratory medicineNingbo Ninth HospitalNingboChina
| | - Qunli Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNingbo UniversityNingboChina
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12
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Liang J, Xie F, Feng J, Huang C, Shen J, Han Z, Luo W, He J, Chen H. Progress in the application of body fluid and tissue level mRNAs-non-coding RNAs for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020891. [PMID: 36325322 PMCID: PMC9618628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and differential classification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is difficult, especially in patients with early-onset SLE who are susceptible to systemic multi-organ damage and serious complications and have difficulties in individualized treatment. At present, diagnosis is based mainly on clinical manifestations and the detection of serological antinuclear antibodies. The pathogenesis of SLE involves multiple factors, is clinically heterogeneous, and lacks specific biomarkers. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new biomarkers for the diagnosis and subtype classification of SLE. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are composed of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, circular RNAs, and transfer RNAs. They play an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases and are used widely in the early diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we focus on the research progress in the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of SLE using humoral to tissue level ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liang
- Central Laboratory of Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Xie
- Central Laboratory of Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Radiology Department of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Central Laboratory of Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Central Laboratory of Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Central Laboratory of Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Luo
- Central Laboratory of Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua He
- Central Laboratory of Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hanwei Chen, ; Jinhua He,
| | - Hanwei Chen
- Central Laboratory of Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Radiology Department of Panyu Health Management Center (Panyu Rehabilitation Hospital), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hanwei Chen, ; Jinhua He,
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13
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Shukla S, Cho W, Elbasiony E, Singh RB, Mittal SK, Chauhan SK. Non-immune and immune functions of interleukin-36γ suppress epithelial repair at the ocular surface. FASEB J 2022; 36:10.1096/fj.202200174RR. [PMID: 35781326 PMCID: PMC9924024 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200174rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of innate inflammation is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis and barrier function, especially in those interfacing the external environments such as the skin and cornea. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by injured tissues has been shown to exacerbate the inflammatory cascade, causing tissue damage. Interleukin 36, a subfamily of the IL-1 superfamily, consists of three pro-inflammatory agonists-IL36α, IL36β, and IL36γ and an IL36 receptor antagonist (IL36Ra). The current investigation, for the first time, reports that IL36γ is the primary agonist expressed by the corneal epithelium, which is significantly upregulated following corneal injury. The function of IL36γ on non-immune cells, in addition to innate inflammatory cells, in regulating tissue homeostasis has not been well investigated. Using a loss-of-function approach via neutralizing antibody treatment, our data demonstrate that blocking endogenously expressed IL36γ in epithelial cells promotes rapid re-epithelialization in in vitro wound closure assay. Finally, by utilizing a naturally occurring antagonist IL36Ra in a well-established murine model of ocular injury, our study demonstrates that inhibition of IL36γ accelerates epithelial regeneration and suppresses tissue inflammation. Given rapid wound healing is critical for re-establishing normal tissue structure and function, our investigation on the function of IL36γ provides evidence for the development of novel IL36γ-targeting strategies to promote tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Shukla
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - WonKyung Cho
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elsayed Elbasiony
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sharad K. Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sunil K. Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Dong H, Hao Y, Li W, Yang W, Gao P. IL-36 Cytokines: Their Roles in Asthma and Potential as a Therapeutic. Front Immunol 2022; 13:921275. [PMID: 35903102 PMCID: PMC9314646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are members of the IL-1 superfamily, which consists of three agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ) and an IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). IL-36 cytokines are crucial for immune and inflammatory responses. Abnormal levels of IL-36 cytokine expression are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation, autoimmunity, allergy and cancer. The present study provides a summary of recent reports on IL-36 cytokines that participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, and the potential mechanisms underlying their roles in asthma. Abnormal levels of IL-36 cytokines are associated with the pathogenesis of different types of asthma through the regulation of the functions of different types of cells. Considering the important role of IL-36 cytokines in asthma, these may become a potential therapeutic target for asthma treatment. However, existing evidence is insufficient to fully elucidate the specific mechanism underlying the action of IL-36 cytokines during the pathological process of asthma. The possible mechanisms and functions of IL-36 cytokines in different types of asthma require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuqiu Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Gao,
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15
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Majumder S, Guleria S, Aggarwal A. IL-36γ in enthesitis-related juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its association with disease activity. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:212-219. [PMID: 35325069 PMCID: PMC9188348 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-36 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthropathies (SpA) like psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a form of juvenile SpA, however, no data is available on the role of IL-36 in this disease. IL-36α, β, γ and IL-36R mRNA expression in blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cells and IL-36α, γ, IL-36Ra, IL-6, and IL-17 levels were measured in serum and synovial fluid (SF). IL-36γ production by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) upon stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines and its effect on FLS were also studied. mRNA levels of IL-36α, IL-36γ, and IL-36R were increased in PBMCs of ERA patients as compared to healthy controls however only IL-36γ was measurable in the serum of one-third of patients. In SFMCs, all four mRNA were detectable but were lower than RA patients. SF IL-36γ levels correlated with disease activity score (r = 0.51, P < 0.0001), SF IL-6 (r = 0.4, P = 0.0063) and IL-17 levels (r = 0.57, P = 0.0018). Pro-inflammatory cytokines increased the expression of IL-36γ and IL-6 in FLS cultures. SFs from five ERA patients also increased expressions of IL-36γ and IL-6 in FLS which could be blocked by using IL-36Ra. This suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines aid in the upregulation of IL-36γ which in turn may upregulate the expression of IL-6. This might lead to a positive feedback loop of inflammation in ERA. Association of SF levels of IL-36γ with disease activity further supports this possibility. IL-36Ra based therapy may have a role in ERA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Majumder
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Shivika Guleria
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Correspondence: Amita Aggarwal, Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India. ;
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16
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Zhang Q, Guo L, Song X, Lv C, Tang P, Li Y, Ding Q, Li M. Serum IL-36 cytokines levels in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 530:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Khosravi-Hafshejani T, Ghoreishi M, Vera Kellet C, Crawford RI, Martinka M, Dutz JP. Small plaque psoriasis re-visited: A type of psoriasis mediated by a type-I interferon pathway. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:753-763. [PMID: 34890074 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
TNFα-inhibitor-induced psoriasis is mediated by the type-I interferon pathway, of which IFNα, LL37 and IL-36γ are major players. A subset of patients treated with TNFα inhibitors develop small plaque psoriatic lesions. Small plaque psoriasis is similarly observed in patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and with concurrent systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or positive antinuclear antibody (ANA). Small plaque psoriasis is also the predominant phenotype in Asian populations. The association between small plaque psoriasis morphology in various clinical scenarios and the type-I interferon pathway has not been previously studied. A cross-sectional study was conducted of patients who developed small plaque psoriasis and had a biopsy for diagnostic clarification between 2009 and 2017. We obtained skin specimens from 14 adults with small plaque psoriasis: four patients taking anti-TNFα treatment, four patients with antecedent SLE, three patients with concurrent ANA positivity and three patients taking ICI. Controls included three patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Histology confirmed psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia with focal lichenoid and spongiotic features. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed higher expression of IFNα-induced MXA, LL37 and IL-36γ in all clinical scenarios of small plaque psoriasis compared to chronic plaque psoriasis. There was decreased CD8 T-cell migration to the epidermis and variability in the number of LAMP3+ cytoplasmic dendritic cells in the dermis of small plaque psoriasis. The findings suggest that small plaque psoriasis is a unique type of psoriasis with a distinct morphology and immune-phenotype, primarily mediated by the type-I interferon pathway. Associating morphology and disease pathogenesis may help identify therapeutic targets for better disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Khosravi-Hafshejani
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mehran Ghoreishi
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cristian Vera Kellet
- Department of Dermatology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard I Crawford
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Magdalena Martinka
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jan P Dutz
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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18
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Chen WJ, Yu X, Yuan XR, Chen BJ, Cai N, Zeng S, Sun YS, Li HW. The Role of IL-36 in the Pathophysiological Processes of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727956. [PMID: 34675805 PMCID: PMC8523922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A member of the interleukin (IL)-1 superfamily was IL-36, which contained IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36Ra. Heterotrimer complexes, consisting of heterodimeric receptor complexes and IL-36 agonist, gave signals through intracellular functional domains, so as to bind to downstream proteins and induce inflammatory response. IL-36 agonists upregulated mature-associated CD80, CD86, MHCII, and inductively produced several pro-inflammatory cytokines through the IL-36R-dependent manner in dendritic cells (DCs). Besides, DCs had the ability to initiate the differentiation of helper T (Th) cells. Up to date, the role of IL-36 in immunity, inflammation and other diseases is of great importance. Additionally, autoimmune diseases were characterized by excessive immune response, resulting in damage and dysfunction of specific or multiple organs and tissues. Most autoimmune diseases were related to inflammatory response. In this review, we will conclude the recent research advances of IL-36 in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases, which may provide new insight for the future research and the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bang-Jie Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Na Cai
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo Zeng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Song Sun
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Wen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Wu YR, Hsing CH, Chiu CJ, Huang HY, Hsu YH. Roles of IL-1 and IL-10 family cytokines in the progression of systemic lupus erythematosus: Friends or foes? IUBMB Life 2021; 74:143-156. [PMID: 34668305 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that can affect nearly every organ system in the body. Besides genetic and environmental factors, unbalanced pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines contribute to immune dysregulation, trigger an inflammatory response, and induce tissue and organ damage. Inflammatory responses in SLE can be promoted and/or maintained by the availability of cytokines that are overproduced systemically and/or in local tissues. Several key cytokines have been considered potential targets for the reduction of chronic inflammation in SLE. Recent studies indicated that dysregulated production of several cytokines, including those of the IL-1 family and IL-10 family, orchestrate immune activation and self-tolerance, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of SLE. Among IL-1 family cytokines, IL-1, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 had been the most thoroughly investigated in SLE. Additionally, IL-10 family cytokines, IL-10, IL-20, IL-22, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29 are dysregulated in SLE. Therefore, a better understanding of the initiation and progression of SLE may provide suitable novel targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we discuss the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of SLE, with a focus on IL-1 family and IL-10 family cytokines, and highlight pathophysiological approaches and therapeutic potential for treating SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Rou Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Juno Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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20
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Elias M, Zhao S, Le HT, Wang J, Neurath MF, Neufert C, Fiocchi C, Rieder F. IL-36 in chronic inflammation and fibrosis - bridging the gap? J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144336. [PMID: 33463541 DOI: 10.1172/jci144336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-36 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily and consists of three agonists and one receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). The three endogenous agonists, IL-36α, -β, and -γ, act primarily as proinflammatory cytokines, and their signaling through the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) promotes immune cell infiltration and secretion of inflammatory and chemotactic molecules. However, IL-36 signaling also fosters secretion of profibrotic soluble mediators, suggesting a role in fibrotic disorders. IL-36 isoforms and IL-36 have been implicated in inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and allergic rhinitis. Moreover, IL-36 has been connected to fibrotic disorders affecting the kidney, lung, and intestines. This review summarizes the expression, cellular source, and function of IL-36 in inflammation and fibrosis in various organs, and proposes that IL-36 modulation may prove valuable in preventing or treating inflammatory and fibrotic diseases and may reveal a mechanistic link between inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Elias
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hongnga T Le
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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21
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Wang XR, Xiao JP, Wang DG. Elevated levels of serum IL-36α in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Biomed Rep 2021; 15:76. [PMID: 34405048 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the levels of IL-36α and its association with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A total of 60 patients with SLE and 29 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Disease activity was evaluated using the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). The serum levels of IL-36α, IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) and IL-17 were assessed using ELISA. The levels of IL-36α in patients with SLE were significantly higher compared with those of healthy controls. There was a significant increase in IL-36α in the active SLE group (SLEDAI score ≥5) compared with that of the healthy controls (P<0.001). The serum IL-36α levels were higher in patients with active SLE than in patients with quiescent disease (P=0.012). IL-36Ra was downregulated in patients with SLE (P=0.007). The serum IL-17 levels were elevated in patients with SLE (P=0.036), and a positive correlation was observed between the IL-36α and IL-17 levels (r=0.453, P=0.003). The serum IL-36α levels were associated with SLEDAI (r=0.374, P=0.003), proteinuria (r=0.329, P=0.010) and complement 3 (r=-0.336, P=0.009). Patients who were receiving glucocorticoid treatment had lower IL-36α levels than those who were not receiving glucocorticoid treatment (P=0.003). Patients with lupus nephritis had higher serum IL-36α levels compared with those found in patients without lupus nephritis (P=0.037). The serum IL-36α concentration was elevated in patients with SLE, and was correlated with disease activity and IL-17 levels. The aberrant serum IL-36α levels observed in the present study and its clinical association with SLE suggest the important role of IL-36α in onset and progression of SLE. In addition, the association of IL-36α with IL-17 level indicates its involvement in the regulation of T helper 17 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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22
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Namba T, Ichii O, Nakamura T, Masum MA, Otani Y, Hosotani M, Elewa YHA, Kon Y. Compartmentalization of interleukin 36 subfamily according to inducible and constitutive expression in the kidneys of a murine autoimmune nephritis model. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:59-77. [PMID: 34287716 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL) 36 subfamily belongs to the IL-1 family and is comprised of agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) and antagonists (IL-36Ra, IL-38). We previously reported IL-36α overexpression in renal tubules of chronic nephritis mice. To understand the localization status and biological relationships among each member of the IL-36 subfamily in the kidneys, MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mice were investigated as autoimmune nephritis models using pathology-based techniques. MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mice exhibited disease onset from 3 months and severe nephritis at 6-7 months (early and late stages, respectively). Briefly, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra were constitutively expressed in murine kidneys, while the expression of IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36Ra, and IL-38 was induced in MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mice. IL-36α expression was significantly increased and localized to injured tubular epithelial cells (TECs). CD44+-activated parietal epithelial cells (PECs) also exhibited higher IL-36α-positive rates, particularly in males. IL-36β and IL-38 are expressed in interstitial plasma cells. Quantitative indices for IL-36α and IL-38 positively correlated with nephritis severity. Similar to IL-36α, IL-36Ra localized to TECs and PECs at the late stage; however, MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr and healthy MRL/MpJ mice possessed IL-36Ra+ smooth muscle cells in kidney arterial tunica media at both stages. IL-36γ was constitutively expressed in renal sympathetic axons regardless of strain and stage. IL-36 receptor gene was ubiquitously expressed in the kidneys and was induced proportional to disease severity. MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mice kidneys possessed significantly upregulated IL-36 downstream candidates, including NF-κB- or MAPK-pathway organizing molecules. Thus, the IL-36 subfamily contributes to homeostasis and inflammation in the kidneys, and especially, an IL-36α-dominant imbalance could strongly impact nephritis deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Namba
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan.
- Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido, 066-0052, Japan
| | - Md Abdul Masum
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Yuki Otani
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Marina Hosotani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zigazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
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Zhang M, Liu J, Gao R, Hu Y, Lu L, Liu C, Ai L, Pan J, Tian L, Fan J. Interleukin-36γ aggravates macrophage foam cell formation and atherosclerosis progression in ApoE knockout mice. Cytokine 2021; 146:155630. [PMID: 34246054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Macrophage-derived foam cell formation is a critical early event in atherogenesis. However, the molecular pathways involved in this disease have not been fully elucidated. Interleukin (IL)-36 plays a crucial role in inflammation, and this study was conducted to investigate the possible role of IL-36γ in the pathogenesis and regulation of atherosclerosis. In this study, we show that IL-36γ regulates inflammatory responses and lipoprotein metabolic processes in macrophages and exerts its atherosclerosis-promoting effects by increasing macrophage foam cell formation and uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Mechanistically, IL-36γ specifically upregulates expression of the scavenger receptor CD36 through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in macrophages. These results contribute to our understanding of IL-36γ as a novel regulator of foam cell formation and atherogenesis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yazhuo Hu
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chuanbin Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lunna Ai
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jingkun Pan
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiao Fan
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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24
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Xie X, Hu H, He J, Liu Y, Guo F, Luo F, Jiang M, Wang L. Interleukin-36α suppresses growth of non-small cell lung cancer in vitro by reducing angiogenesis. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1353-1363. [PMID: 33713575 PMCID: PMC8091581 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36α, a newly recognized IL-1 family member, has been previously reported to play a pivotal role in autoimmunity diseases and acute inflammatory reactions. Recently, several studies have indicated that IL-36α has potential anticancer effects against certain types of cancer. However, the expression pattern and functional role of IL-36α in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been elucidated. Here, we report that the mRNA and protein levels of IL-36α are significantly reduced in NSCLC tissues. Low levels of intratumoral IL-36α are correlated with higher tumor status, advanced TNM stage, increased vascular invasion and shorter overall survival (OS). Intratumoral IL-36α expression is an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio = 3.081; P = 0.012) in patients with NSCLC. Overexpression of IL-36α in lung cancer cells did not disturb cell proliferation, apoptosis or cell-cycle distribution in vitro, but markedly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, IL-36α reduced the expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A through inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression. Finally, decreased IL-36α expression was associated with high microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor A in patients with NSCLC. Together, our findings suggest that IL-36α expression is a valuable marker indicating poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Xie
- Lung Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Chemotherapy, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyue Hu
- Lung Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Lung Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oncology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, China
| | - Yanyang Liu
- Lung Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengzhu Guo
- Lung Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Lung Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Lung Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Ngo VL, Kuczma M, Maxim E, Denning TL. IL-36 cytokines and gut immunity. Immunology 2021; 163:145-154. [PMID: 33501638 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 36 (IL-36) constitutes a group of cytokines that belong to the IL-1 superfamily. Emerging evidence has suggested a role of IL-36 in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders. Intriguingly, in the gastrointestinal tract, IL-36 has a rather complex function. IL-36 receptor ligands are overexpressed in both animal colitis models and human IBD patients and may play both pathogenic and protective roles, depending on the context. IL-36 cytokines comprise three receptor agonists: IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ, and two receptor antagonists: IL-36Ra and IL-38. All IL-36 receptor agonists bind to the IL-36R complex and exert pleiotropic effects during inflammatory settings. Here, we first briefly review the processing and secretion of IL-36 cytokines. We then focus on the current understanding of the immunology effects of IL-36 in gut immunity. In addition, we also discuss the ongoing trials that aim to blockage IL-36R signalling for treating chronic intestinal inflammation and present some unexplored questions regarding IL-36 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu L Ngo
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michal Kuczma
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Estera Maxim
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy L Denning
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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26
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Majumder S, Singh P, Chatterjee R, Pattnaik SS, Aggarwal A. Elevated urinary IL-36γ in patients with active lupus nephritis and response to treatment. Lupus 2021; 30:921-925. [PMID: 33593161 DOI: 10.1177/0961203321995246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IL-36 is a new member of the IL-1 family with pro-inflammatory properties. Serum levels of IL-36 are elevated in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). However, no data is available on urinary levels of IL-36 in Lupus Nephritis (LN). In psoriasis expression of IL-36 is site specific and expressed in skin. Hence, we studied urinary levels of IL-36 cytokines in SLE patients. METHODS A total of 196 patients with SLE [97 active LN patients (ALN), 42 inactive LN (ILN) and 57 active lupus patients with no renal involvement (ANR)] and 25 healthy subjects were recruited for the study after obtaining informed consent. Urinary and plasma IL-36α, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Out of 196 patients 178 were females. Urinary IL-36γ levels in SLE patients [0(14.3) pg/ml] were significantly higher than healthy controls [0(0) pg/ml, (P < 0.01)]. Patients with ALN [0(40.6) pg/ml] had significantly higher IL-36γ when compared to ANR [0(0) pg/ml] as well as ILN [0(0) pg/ml]. Urinary IL-36γ levels in ALN patients had a fair correlation with renal SLEDAI (r = 0.26, P = 0.004).The levels reduced significantly post 3 months in patients with ALN. No inverse relationship was noted between IL-36Ra and IL-36α/IL36γ levels. CONCLUSION Urinary IL-36γ is produced locally in kidney, correlates with renal disease activity and reduces upon treatment, suggesting that it may have a role in pathogenesis of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Majumder
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rudrarpan Chatterjee
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarit Sekhar Pattnaik
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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27
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Zhan Y, Cheng L, Wu B, Ji L, Chen P, Li F, Cao J, Ke Y, Yuan L, Min Z, Sun L, Chen H, Hua F, Cheng Y. Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines could differentiate primary immune thrombocytopenia from systemic lupus erythematosus-associated thrombocytopenia. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:222. [PMID: 33708849 PMCID: PMC7940935 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder characterized by a decreased platelet count. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is also an autoimmune disease in which thrombocytopenia is a common hematologic manifestation. Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines are major proinflammatory and immunoregulatory mediators. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-1 cytokines in patients with ITP and SLE and the potential pathophysiologic mechanism to differentiate SLE-associated thrombocytopenia (SLE-TP) from ITP. Methods Multiplex cytokine assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to measure IL-1 cytokines in 17 newly diagnosed ITP patients, 17 SLE-TP patients, 19 SLE patients without thrombocytopenia (SLE-NTP), and 10 healthy controls. Results The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-33 were decreased significantly in ITP patients compared with SLE-TP patients, SLE-NTP patients, and healthy controls (P<0.05). While there was no significant difference in the serum level of IL-37 between ITP and SLE-TP patients, there was a positive correlation between the platelet count and IL-37 level in ITP patients. Our data suggested that serum IL-1β, IL-18, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-33, and IL-37 could be considered biomarkers in the diagnosis of ITP. Conclusions Serum IL-1β, IL-18, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-33 could be considered biomarkers to differentiate SLE-TP from ITP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhan
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luya Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boting Wu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Ke
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Min
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xuhui Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanli Hua
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Zhang QX, Li Y, Jiang SM, Zhang LJ, Yi M, Wang J, Qi Y, Yang L, Yang CS. Increased serum IL-36γ levels are associated with disease severity in myasthenia gravis patients. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:307. [PMID: 32814555 PMCID: PMC7436949 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 36 (IL-36), as a gradually recognized cytokine, is involved in the occurrence and evolution of autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, the relationship between myasthenia gravis (MG) and IL-36 is rarely reported. METHODS We evaluated the serum levels of IL-36 (IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, clinical parameters in 97 MG patients and 49 healthy controls (HCs) were carefully measured. RESULTS Serum IL-36γ levels were significantly elevated in the MG patients compared with the HCs (p < 0.0001). Compared to those in remission, patients in the acute phase exhibited higher levels of IL-36α and IL-36γ (p = 0.038 and p = 0.011, respectively). Furthermore, patients with generalized MG (GMG) exhibited markedly higher serum IL-36γ levels than those with ocular MG (OMG) (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The serum levels of IL-36γ in patients with MG were increased and positively correlated with disease severity and may thus have potential as a serological MG marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shu-Min Jiang
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Lin-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Migliorini P, Italiani P, Pratesi F, Puxeddu I, Boraschi D. The IL-1 family cytokines and receptors in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102617. [PMID: 32663626 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the cytokines and receptors of the IL-1 family in inflammation is well known. Several cytokines of the family have a powerful inflammatory activity, with IL-1β being the best-characterized factor. The inflammatory activity of IL-1 cytokines is regulated by other factors of the family, including receptor antagonists, soluble receptors and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The causative role of IL-1β is well-established in autoinflammatory diseases, mainly due to gain-of-function mutations in genes encoding the IL-1β-maturing inflammasome. Exaggerated production of IL-1β and IL-18 correlates with disease and disease severity also in several autoimmune and chronic inflammatory and degenerative pathologies, although it is not clear whether they have a causative role or are only involved in the downstream disease symptoms. A better understanding of the pathological role of IL-1 family cytokines in autoimmunity involves a deeper evaluation, in the pathological situations, of the possible anomalies in the feed-back anti-inflammatory mechanisms that in physiological reactions control and dump IL-1-mediated inflammation. Thus, we expect that IL-1 cytokines may be pathogenic only when, in addition to enhanced production, there is a concomitant failure of their control mechanisms. In this review we will examine the current knowledge on the role of IL-1 family cytokines in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases, with a particular focus on their endogenous control mechanisms, mainly based on soluble receptors/inhibitors and receptor antagonists. This will allow us to formulate a knowledge-based hypothesis on the involvement of IL-1 cytokines in the pathogenesis vs. the clinical features of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Migliorini
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federico Pratesi
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Puxeddu
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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30
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Wang S, Liu Y, Nie M, Li Q, Liu Y. Profile of IL-36 cytokines (IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra) in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106341. [PMID: 32114410 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mu Nie
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianpeng Li
- Department of Hematology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.
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31
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Hayran Y, Allı N, Yücel Ç, Akdoğan N, Turhan T. Serum IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ levels in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: association with disease characteristics, smoking, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 312:187-196. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-02012-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Yuan ZC, Xu WD, Liu XY, Liu XY, Huang AF, Su LC. Biology of IL-36 Signaling and Its Role in Systemic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2532. [PMID: 31736959 PMCID: PMC6839525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily and includes three agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ) and an antagonist (IL-36Ra). IL-36 agonists bind to heterodimeric receptor complexes. Then, the heterotrimer complexes signal via intracellular functional domains, binding to downstream signaling proteins and inducing inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the biological role of IL-36 and its correlation with systemic inflammatory diseases. The information collected will help to increase the understanding of the potential of IL-36 and may give clues for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Yuan
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xing-You Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin-Chong Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
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33
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Catapano M, Vergnano M, Romano M, Mahil SK, Choon SE, Burden AD, Young HS, Carr IM, Lachmann HJ, Lombardi G, Smith CH, Ciccarelli FD, Barker JN, Capon F. IL-36 Promotes Systemic IFN-I Responses in Severe Forms of Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:816-826.e3. [PMID: 31539532 PMCID: PMC7097848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disorder associated with severe systemic comorbidities. Whereas IL-36 is a key disease driver, the pathogenic role of this cytokine has mainly been investigated in skin. Thus, its effects on systemic immunity and extracutaneous disease manifestations remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we investigated the consequences of excessive IL-36 activity in circulating immune cells. We initially focused our attention on generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), a clinical variant associated with pervasive upregulation of IL-36 signaling. By undertaking blood and neutrophil RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that affected individuals display a prominent IFN-I signature, which correlates with abnormal IL-36 activity. We then validated the association between IL-36 deregulation and IFN-I over-expression in patients with severe psoriasis vulgaris (PV). We also found that the activation of IFN-I genes was associated with extracutaneous morbidity, in both GPP and PV. Finally, we undertook mechanistic experiments, demonstrating that IL-36 acts directly on plasmacytoid dendritic cells, where it potentiates toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 activation and IFN-α production. This effect was mediated by the upregulation of PLSCR1, a phospholipid scramblase mediating endosomal TLR-9 translocation. These findings identify an IL-36/ IFN-I axis contributing to extracutaneous inflammation in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Catapano
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Vergnano
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Romano
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Satveer K Mahil
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siew-Eng Choon
- Department of Dermatology, Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - A David Burden
- Department of Dermatology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Helen S Young
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Carr
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J Lachmann
- National Amyloidosis Centre and Centre for Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca D Ciccarelli
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Capon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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34
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Wooff Y, Man SM, Aggio-Bruce R, Natoli R, Fernando N. IL-1 Family Members Mediate Cell Death, Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1618. [PMID: 31379825 PMCID: PMC6646526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation underpins and contributes to the pathogenesis of many retinal degenerative diseases. The recruitment and activation of both resident microglia and recruited macrophages, as well as the production of cytokines, are key contributing factors for progressive cell death in these diseases. In particular, the interleukin 1 (IL-1) family consisting of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines has been shown to be pivotal in the mediation of innate immunity and contribute directly to a number of retinal degenerations, including Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In this review, we will discuss the role of IL-1 family members and inflammasome signaling in retinal degenerative diseases, piecing together their contribution to retinal disease pathology, and identifying areas of research expansion required to further elucidate their function in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Wooff
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Riemke Aggio-Bruce
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nilisha Fernando
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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