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Wang R, Yan B, Yin Y, Wang X, Wu M, Wen T, Qian Y, Wang Y, Huang C, Zhu Y. Polysaccharides extracted from larvae of Lucilia sericata ameliorated ulcerative colitis by regulating the intestinal barrier and gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132441. [PMID: 38761897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Pest management technology has been a promising bioconversion method for waste resource utilization. Unlike many pests that consume waste, the larvae of Lucilia sericata, also known as maggots, have many outstanding advantages as following: with their strong adaption to environment and not easily infected and exhibiting a medicinal nutritional value. Herein, the potential efficacies of maggot polysaccharides (MP), as well as their underlying mechanisms, were explored in Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice and TNF-α-elicited Caco-2 cells. We extracted two bioactive polysaccharides from maggots, MP-80 and MP-L, whose molecular weights were 4.25 × 103 and 2.28 × 103 g/mol, respectively. MP-80 and MP-L contained nine sugar residues: 1,4-α-Arap, 1,3-β-Galp, 1,4,6-β-Galp, 1,6-α-Glcp, 1-α-Glcp, 1,4-β-Glcp, 1-β-Xylp, 1,2-α-Manp, and 1-β-Manp. We demonstrated that MP-80 and MP-L significantly ameliorated DSS-induced symptoms and histopathological damage. Immuno-analysis revealed that compared with MP-L, MP-80 could better restore intestinal barrier and reduced inflammation by suppressing NLRP3/NF-κB pathways, which might be attributed to its enriched galactose fraction. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that MP-80 and MP-L both improved the dysbiosis and diversity of gut microbiota and acted on multiple microbial functions. Our study sheds new light on the possibility of using maggot polysaccharides as an alternative therapy for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bowen Yan
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Yourui Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mei Wu
- The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225500, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tiantian Wen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yin Qian
- Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou 225500, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical school, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, PR China.
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, PR China.
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China.
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2
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Cao S, Liu M, Han Y, Li S, Zhu X, Li D, Shi Y, Liu B. Effects of Saponins on Lipid Metabolism: The Gut-Liver Axis Plays a Key Role. Nutrients 2024; 16:1514. [PMID: 38794751 PMCID: PMC11124185 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyles (high-fat diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, too little exercise, etc.) in the current society are prone to cause lipid metabolism disorders affecting the health of the organism and inducing the occurrence of diseases. Saponins, as biologically active substances present in plants, have lipid-lowering, inflammation-reducing, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. Saponins are thought to be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism in the body; it suppresses the appetite and, thus, reduces energy intake by modulating pro-opiomelanocortin/Cocaine amphetamine regulated transcript (POMC/CART) neurons and neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide (NPY/AGRP) neurons in the hypothalamus, the appetite control center. Saponins directly activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and related transcriptional regulators such as peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptors (PPAR), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP), and sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP) increase fatty acid oxidation and inhibit lipid synthesis. It also modulates gut-liver interactions to improve lipid metabolism by regulating gut microbes and their metabolites and derivatives-short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), trimethylamine (TMA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), et al. This paper reviews the positive effects of different saponins on lipid metabolism disorders, suggesting that the gut-liver axis plays a crucial role in improving lipid metabolism processes and may be used as a therapeutic target to provide new strategies for treating lipid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Yao Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forage Resource Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forage Resource Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forage Resource Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Boshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forage Resource Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Yin N, Xu B, Huang Z, Fu Y, Huang H, Fan J, Huang C, Mei Q, Zeng Y. Inhibition of Pck1 in intestinal epithelial cells alleviates acute pancreatitis via modulating intestinal homeostasis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23618. [PMID: 38651689 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400039r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction usually occurred in acute pancreatitis (AP) but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, RNA sequencing of ileum in L-arginine-induced AP mice demonstrated that phosphoenolpyruvate kinase 1 (Pck1) was significantly up-regulated. Increased Pck1 expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) was further validated in ileum of AP mice and duodenum of AP patients. In AP mice, level of Pck1 was positively correlated with pancreatic and ileal histopathological scores, serum amylase activity, and intestinal permeability (serum diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate, and endotoxin). In AP patients, level of Pck1 had a positive correlation with Ranson scores, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein. Inhibition of Pck1 by 3-Mercaptopicolinic acid hydrochloride (3-MPA) alleviated pancreatic and ileal injuries in AP mice. AP + 3-MPA mice showed improved intestinal permeability, including less epithelial apoptosis, increased tight junction proteins (TJPs) expression, decreased serum DAO, D-lactate, endotoxin, and FITC-Dextran levels, and reduced bacteria translocation. Lysozyme secreted by Paneth cells and mucin2 (MUC2) secretion in goblet cells were also partly restored in AP + 3-MPA mice. Meanwhile, inhibition of Pck1 improved intestinal immune response during AP, including elevation of M2/M1 macrophages ratio and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and reduction in neutrophils infiltration. In vitro, administration of 3-MPA dramatically ameliorated inflammation and injuries of epithelial cells in enteroids treated by LPS. In conclusion, inhibition of Pck1 in IECs might alleviate AP via modulating intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoming Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binqiang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehua Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizheng Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixiang Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang ZH, Zhang GY, Sun C, Ning SX, Zhou DY, Song L. Targeting DSS-induced ulcerative colitis: evaluating the therapeutic potential of WPI-stachyose conjugates. Food Funct 2024; 15:96-109. [PMID: 38047401 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03598k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of food-based alternatives to conventional therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC) demands immediate attention. In prior investigations, we synthesized WPI-stachyose conjugates through the Maillard reaction, identifying them as functional prebiotics. However, their impact on in vivo regulation of gut microbiota remains inadequately explored. To bridge this gap, we delved into the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of WPI-stachyose conjugates as prebiotic-functional components in C57BL/6J mice afflicted with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC. The treatment involving WPI-stachyose conjugates led to significant therapeutic advancements, evident in the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and restoration of gut microbiota composition. Noticeable enhancements were observed in UC-associated symptoms, including weight loss, colon length reduction, and tissue damage, notably improving in the treated mice. Remarkably, both the conjugates and the physical combination effectively lowered pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, with the conjugates demonstrating enhanced effectiveness. Furthermore, the simultaneous administration of WPI-stachyose conjugates further amplified the presence of beneficial bacteria and elevated short-chain fatty acids, acknowledged for their favorable impact across various conditions. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic application of WPI-stachyose conjugates in addressing DSS-induced UC, offering insights into innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Guang-Yao Zhang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Cong Sun
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Shu-Xin Ning
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Liang Song
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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5
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Xue L, Jin X, Ji T, Li R, Zhuge X, Xu F, Quan Z, Tong H, Yu W. Luteolin ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice via suppressing macrophage activation and chemotaxis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110996. [PMID: 37776768 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Luteolin, known for its multifaceted therapeutic properties against inflammatory diseases, holds potential for addressing the unmet need for effective treatments in ulcerative colitis (UC), a prevalent subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to comprehensively assess luteolin's therapeutic efficacy in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, shedding light on its anti-UC mechanisms. METHODS Our investigation encompassed in vivo assessments of luteolin's therapeutic potential against DSS-induced colitis through rigorous histopathological examination and biochemical analyses. Furthermore, we scrutinized luteolin's anti-inflammatory prowess in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and primary peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, we quantitatively evaluated the impact of luteolin on C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)-induced macrophage migration employing Transwell and Zigmond chambers. Furthermore, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay, and molecular docking were employed to identify potential therapeutic targets of luteolin and investigate their binding sites and interaction patterns. RESULTS Luteolin demonstrated therapeutic potential against DSS-induced colitis by ameliorating colitis symptoms, restoring intestinal barrier integrity, and inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production in the colonic tissues. Moreover, luteolin demonstrated robust anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and primary peritoneal macrophages. Notably, luteolin suppressed the phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IκBα, and p65, along with preventing IκBα degradation in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, luteolin impaired the migratory behavior of RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages, as evidenced by reduced migration distance and velocity of luteolin-treated macrophages. Mechanistically, luteolin was found to antagonize IKKα/β, subsequently inhibiting IKKα/β phosphorylation and the activation of NF-κB signaling. CONCLUSION Luteolin emerges as a promising lead compound for the clinical therapy of colitis by virtue of its ability to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis, antagonize IKKα/β, suppress NF-κB signaling, and impede macrophage activation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaosheng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Tingting Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Rongzhou Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoju Zhuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zijiao Quan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Weilai Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Xue JC, Yuan S, Hou XT, Meng H, Liu BH, Cheng WW, Zhao M, Li HB, Guo XF, Di C, Li MJ, Zhang QG. Natural products modulate NLRP3 in ulcerative colitis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265825. [PMID: 37849728 PMCID: PMC10577194 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a clinically common, progressive, devastating, chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine that is recurrent and difficult to treat. Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is a protein complex composed of multiple proteins whose formation activates cysteine aspartate protease-1 (caspase-1) to induce the maturation and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, promoting the development of inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that NLRP3 is associated with UC susceptibility, and that it maintains a stable intestinal environment by responding to a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. The mainstay of treatment for UC is to control inflammation and relieve symptoms. Despite a certain curative effect, there are problems such as easy recurrence after drug withdrawal and many side effects associated with long-term medication. NLRP3 serves as a core link in the inflammatory response. If the relationship between NLRP3 and gut microbes and inflammation-associated factors can be analyzed concerning its related inflammatory signaling pathways, its expression status as well as specific mechanism in the course of IBD can be elucidated and further considered for clinical diagnosis and treatment of IBD, it is expected that the development of lead compounds targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome can be developed for the treatment of IBD. Research into the prevention and treatment of UC, which has become a hotbed of research in recent years, has shown that natural products are rich in therapeutic means, and multi-targets, with fewer adverse effects. Natural products have shown promise in treating UC in numerous basic and clinical trials over the past few years. This paper describes the regulatory role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in UC and the mechanism of recent natural products targeting NLRP3 against UC, which provides a reference for the clinical treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Hou
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bao-Hong Liu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen-Wen Cheng
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Ben Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue-Fen Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chang Di
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Min-Jie Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing-Gao Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, Jilin, China
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7
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Direito R, Barbalho SM, Figueira ME, Minniti G, de Carvalho GM, de Oliveira Zanuso B, de Oliveira Dos Santos AR, de Góes Corrêa N, Rodrigues VD, de Alvares Goulart R, Guiguer EL, Araújo AC, Bosso H, Fornari Laurindo L. Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals and Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:728. [PMID: 37367886 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing research explores the underlying causes of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Many experts suggest that dysbiosis in the gut microbiota and genetic, immunological, and environmental factors play significant roles. The term "microbiota" pertains to the collective community of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that reside within the gastrointestinal tract, with a particular emphasis on the colon. When there is an imbalance or disruption in the composition of the gut microbiota, it is referred to as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can trigger inflammation in the intestinal cells and disrupt the innate immune system, leading to oxidative stress, redox signaling, electrophilic stress, and inflammation. The Nod-like Receptor (NLR) Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key regulator found in immunological and epithelial cells, is crucial in inducing inflammatory diseases, promoting immune responses to the gut microbiota, and regulating the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. Its downstream effectors include caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β. The present study investigated the therapeutic potential of 13 medicinal plants, such as Litsea cubeba, Artemisia anomala, Piper nigrum, Morus macroura, and Agrimonia pilosa, and 29 phytocompounds such as artemisitene, morroniside, protopine, ferulic acid, quercetin, picroside II, and hydroxytyrosol on in vitro and in vivo models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with a focus on their effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome. The observed effects of these treatments included reductions in IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, interferon-gamma, and caspase levels, and increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, IL-4, and IL-10, as well as regulation of gut microbiota. These effects could potentially provide substantial advantages in treating IBD with few or no adverse effects as caused by synthetic anti-inflammatory and immunomodulated drugs. However, additional research is necessary to validate these findings clinically and to develop effective treatments that can benefit individuals who suffer from these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Direito
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduardo Figueira
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Magno de Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara de Oliveira Zanuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita de Oliveira Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália de Góes Corrêa
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victória Dogani Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Bosso
- Medical Department, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Zhang Y, Hao R, Chen J, Li S, Huang K, Cao H, Farag MA, Battino M, Daglia M, Capanoglu E, Zhang F, Sun Q, Xiao J, Sun Z, Guan X. Health benefits of saponins and its mechanisms: perspectives from absorption, metabolism, and interaction with gut. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37216483 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2212063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Saponins, consisting of sapogenins as their aglycones and carbohydrate chains, are widely found in plants and some marine organisms. Due to the complexity of the structure of saponins, involving different types of sapogenins and sugar moieties, investigation of their absorption and metabolism is limited, which further hinders the explanation of their bioactivities. Large molecular weight and complex structures limit the direct absorption of saponins rendering their low bioavailability. As such, their major modes of action may be due to interaction with the gastrointestinal environment, such as enzymes and nutrients, and interaction with the gut microbiota. Many studies have reported the interaction between saponins and gut microbiota, that is, the effects of saponins on changing the composition of gut microbiota, and gut microbiota playing an indispensable role in the biotransformation of saponins into sapogenins. However, the metabolic routes of saponins by gut microbiota and their mutual interactions are still sparse. Thus, this review summarizes the chemistry, absorption, and metabolic pathways of saponins, as well as their interactions with gut microbiota and impacts on gut health, to better understand how saponins exert their health-promoting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruojie Hao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junda Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Daglia
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Qiqi Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Zhenliang Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
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Bao MY, Li M, Bu QR, Yang Y, Song H, Wang CZ, Wang TM, Li N. The effect of herbal medicine in innate immunity to Candida albicans. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1096383. [PMID: 37483621 PMCID: PMC10359817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1096383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus that often causes mucosal and systemic infections. Several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), have been implicated in the host recognition of C. albicans. These PRRs recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of C. albicans to activate innate immune cells, thereby rapidly inducing various inflammatory responses by activating intracellular signaling cascades. Herbal medicine and its active components deserve priority development due to their low toxicity and high antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities. This review discussed the activities of herbal compounds against C. albicans and their related mechanisms, especially their regulatory role on innate immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) implicated in C. albicans infections. Our work aims to find new therapeutic drugs and targets to prevent and treat diseases caused by C. albicans infection with the mechanisms by which this fungus interacts with the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Ru Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chang-Zhong Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tian-Ming Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Dioscin modulates macrophages polarization and MDSCs differentiation to inhibit tumorigenesis of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109839. [PMID: 36809720 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that colitis is one of risk factors in colorectal cancer (CRC). Intervention of intestinal inflammation and in the early stage of tumorigenesis is of great significance to control the incidence and mortality of CRC. In recent years, natural active products of traditional Chinese medicine have been confirmed that they had made great progress in disease prevention. Here, we showed that Dioscin, a natural active product of Dioscorea nipponica Makino, inhibited initiation and tumorigenesis of AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC), including alleviating colonic inflammation, improving intestinal barrier function and decreasing tumor burden. In addition, we also explored the immunoregulatory effect of Dioscin on mice. The results showed that Dioscin modulated M1/M2 macrophages phenotype in spleen and decreased monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) population in blood and spleen of mice. The in vitro assay demonstrated that Dioscin promoted M1 as well as inhibited M2 macrophages phenotype in LPS- or IL-4-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) model. Based on the plasticity of MDSCs and its ability to differentiate into M1/M2 macrophages, we here found that Dioscin increased M1- and decreased M2-like phenotype during the process of MDSCs differentiation in vitro, suggesting Dioscin promoted MDSCs differentiate into M1 as well as inhibited its differentiation into M2 macrophages. Taken together, our study indicated that Dioscin had the inhibitory effect on the initial of tumorigenesis at early stage of CAC via the ant-inflammatory effect, which provided a natural active candidate for effective prevention of CAC.
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Synthesis, Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Selenium Nanoparticles and Its Effect on DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415527. [PMID: 36555167 PMCID: PMC9779469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles have attracted extensive attention due to their good bioavailability and activity. In the present study, a new form of selenium nanoparticle (Low molecular weight chitosan selenium nanoparticles (LCS-SeNPs)) were synthesized in a system of sodium selenite and acetic acid. The size, element state, morphology and elementary composition of LCS-SeNPs were characterized by using various spectroscopic and microscopic measurements. The protection of LCS-SeNPs against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and the inherent mechanisms of this process were investigated. The results showed that LCS-SeNPs, with an average diameter of 198 nm, zero-valent and orange-red relatively uniform spherical particles were prepared. LCS-SeNPs were mainly composed of C, N, O and Se elements, of which Se accounted for 39.03% of the four elements C, N, O and Se. LCS-SeNPs reduced colon injury and inflammation symptoms and improved intestinal barrier dysfunction. LCS-SeNPs significantly reduced serum and colonic inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Moreover, LCS-SeNPs remarkably increased antioxidant enzyme GSH-Px levels in serum and colonic tissue. Further studies on inflammatory pathways showed that LCS-SeNPs alleviated DSS-induced colitis through the NF-κB signaling pathway, and relieved inflammatory associated oxidative stress through the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our findings suggested that LCS-SeNPs are a promising selenium species with potential applications in the treatment of oxidative stress related inflammatory intestinal diseases.
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Zheng JY, Xu JY, Zhang L, Wang ZM, Yin XB, Qin LQ. Effect of 3,3'-diselenodipropionic Acid on Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03491-1. [PMID: 36418634 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
3,3'-Diselenodipropionic acid (DSePA), a synthetic organoselenium compound, has received considerable attention because of its antioxidant properties and safety. Its protective effect against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse ulcerative colitis (UC) and the role of T helper 17 (Th17) cell proliferation were investigated. Fifty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to one of five groups: control (Con), DSePA, DSS, low-dose DSePA (LSe), and high-dose DSePA (HSe). Mice in the DSS, LSe, and HSe groups drank 2% DSS to induce UC, and received normal saline, 1 and 2 mg/mL DSePA solution by intraperitoneal injection, respectively. The DSePA group only received 2 mg/mL DSePA solution. After 5 weeks, DSS challenge induced UC in the mice, which manifested as decreased body weight, shortened colon length, the loss of goblet cells, activated proliferating cells, and multiple signs of intestinal lesions by histological observation, all of which were reversed to varying degrees by DSePA administration. DSS upregulated the colonic protein expression of the macrophage marker F4/80 and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), whereas DSePA administration downregulated the expression of these factors. DSS upregulated the mRNA expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt, mainly expressed in Th17 cells), IL-17A, and IL-17F and the levels of IL-17A and IL-17F in the colon, whereas DSePA administration decreased them. No difference was observed between the Con group and the DSePA group without DSS induction. Thus, DSePA administration ameliorated DSS-induced UC by regulating Th17-cell proliferation and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yang Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhang-Min Wang
- Advanced Lab for Functional Agriculture, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
- Nanjing Institute for Functional Agriculture Science and Technology (iFAST), Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Bin Yin
- Advanced Lab for Functional Agriculture, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
- Nanjing Institute for Functional Agriculture Science and Technology (iFAST), Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Li Y, Liu X, Liu H, Zhu L. Interfacial adsorption behavior and interaction mechanism in saponin–protein composite systems: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Molecular Mechanistic Pathways Targeted by Natural Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196221. [PMID: 36234757 PMCID: PMC9571643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, and its prevalence is still growing rapidly. However, the efficient therapies for this kidney disease are still limited. The pathogenesis of DKD involves glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis. Glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity can cause oxidative stress, which can lead to inflammation and aggravate renal fibrosis. In this review, we have focused on in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the mechanistic pathways by which natural compounds exert their effects against the progression of DKD. The accumulated and collected data revealed that some natural compounds could regulate inflammation, oxidative stress, renal fibrosis, and activate autophagy, thereby protecting the kidney. The main pathways targeted by these reviewed compounds include the Nrf2 signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome, autophagy, glycolipid metabolism and ER stress. This review presented an updated overview of the potential benefits of these natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of DKD progression, aimed to provide new potential therapeutic lead compounds and references for the innovative drug development and clinical treatment of DKD.
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Li X, Wu X, Wang Q, Xu W, Zhao Q, Xu N, Hu X, Ye Z, Yu S, Liu J, He X, Shi F, Zhang Q, Li W. Sanguinarine ameliorates DSS induced ulcerative colitis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulating intestinal microbiota in C57BL/6 mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154321. [PMID: 35843190 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanguinarine (SAN) is an important natural anti-inflammatory constitutes and dietary supplementation with SAN could improve the relative length of the intestine, alter gut microbiota, and enhance growth performance of pigs, broiler chickens, and cattle. However, it is unclear whether it has the therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis (UC). PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of SAN on UC and explore its mechanisms of action. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Several efficacy indexes of SAN on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced C57BL/6 mice were evaluated. ELISA kit and western blot analysis were used to evaluate it's anti-inflammatory effect and the mechanism of action. 16S rDNA sequencing detection was used to determine the impact of SAN on gut microbiota. RESULTS SAN and Sulfasalazine could significantly improve the colon length, the weight loss, the symptoms and the pathological injury of colon in DSS-induced mice. Meanwhile, SAN could decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13 and IL-18) and increase the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in colon, and suppress DSS-induced high expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β. In addition, SAN (0.5, 1 μM) could inhibit the expression level of NLRP3 and the activation of caspase-1 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells in non-cytotoxic doses, which was similar to that of MCC950, a specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The abundance changes of many genera such as Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Escherichia-Shigella, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Helicobacter were also closely related to the improvement of SAN on intestinal inflammatory response. CONCLUSION SAN exhibited therapeutic effect on DSS-induced colitis by blocking NLRP3-(Caspase-1)/IL-1β pathway and improving intestinal microbial dysbiosis. SAN might be developed to treat UC and other disorders associated with microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weilv Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Nana Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xingjiang Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ziqi Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Songxia Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Xuelin He
- Department of Nephrology, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo 315826, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fushan Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Zhang W, Lin L, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Zhan Y, Wang H, Fang J, Du B. Dioscin potentiates the antitumor effect of suicide gene therapy in melanoma by gap junction intercellular communication-mediated antigen cross-presentation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112973. [PMID: 35468581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscin (Dio), steroid saponin, exists in several medicinal herbs with potent anticancer efficacy. This study aimed to explore the effect of Dio on the immune-related modulation and synergistic therapeutic effects of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-Tk/GCV) suicide gene therapy system in murine melanoma, thereby providing a research basis to improve the potential immunomodulatory mechanism underlying combination therapy. Using both in vitro and in vivo experiments, we confirmed the immunocidal effect of Dio-potentiated suicide gene therapy on melanoma. The results showed that Dio upregulated connexin 43 (Cx43) expression and improved gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in B16 cells while increasing the cross-presentation of antigens by dendritic cells (DCs), eventually promoting the activation and antitumor immune killing effects of CD8+ T lymphocytes. In contrast, inhibition or blockade of the GJIC function (overexpression of mutant Cx43 tumor cells/Gap26) partially reversed the potentiating effect. The significant synergistic effect of Dio on HSV-Tk/GCV suicide gene therapy was further investigated in a B16 xenograft mouse model. The increased number and activation ratio of CD8+ T lymphocytes and the levels of Gzms-B, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in mice reconfirmed the potential modulatory effects of Dio on the immune system. Taken together, Dio targets Cx43 to enhance GJIC function, improve the antigens cross-presentation of DCs, and activate the antitumor immune effect of CD8+ T lymphocytes, thereby providing insights into the potential immunomodulatory mechanism underlying combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingyun Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Tingxiu Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujuan Zhan
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Junfeng Fang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Biaoyan Du
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Shi L, Zhang P, Jin R, Chen X, Dong L, Chen W. Dioscin ameliorates inflammatory bowel disease by up-regulating miR-125a-5p to regulate macrophage polarization. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24455. [PMID: 35524480 PMCID: PMC9169194 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dioscin has been proven to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infection roles. However, the role of Dioscin in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its related mechanisms is unclear and needs further study. METHODS The colitis model in mice was established. After Dioscin (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg) treatment, the colon length was measured by a ruler. Histopathology, inflammatory cytokines, gut permeability, tight junction proteins, macrophage infiltration, macrophage polarization, and miR-125a-5p level were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), FITC-dextran, Western blot, and flow cytometry. In vitro experiments, after RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interleukin-4 (IL-4), were treated with Dioscin and miR-125a-5p inhibitor, miR-125a-5p level, cell vitality, inflammatory cytokines, and M1/M2 marker genes were measured by qRT-PCR and MTT assay. RESULTS Dioscin (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg) relieved DSS-triggered colitis and restrained the serum and colon of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. Meanwhile, different concentrations' Dioscin weakened M1 macrophage polarization but facilitated tight junction protein expressions, M2 macrophage polarization, and miR-125a-5p level in colitic mice. Moreover, miR-125a-5p inhibitor reversed the modulation of Dioscin on miR-125a-5p expression, cell vitality, and inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. We further discovered that Dioscin restrained M1 marker gene (CD16) expression while intensifying M2 marker genes (CD206 and Arginase-1) expressions in vitro, which was reversed by miR-125a-5p inhibitor. CONCLUSION Dioscin modulated macrophage polarization by increasing miR-125a-5p, thereby improving the intestinal epithelial barrier function and reducing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Shi
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Peichen Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ruifang Jin
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Lemei Dong
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Jin S, Guan T, Wang S, Hu M, Liu X, Huang S, Liu Y. Dioscin Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Mucositis in Rats by Modulating Gut Microbiota, Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function and Attenuating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084431. [PMID: 35457248 PMCID: PMC9025408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy causes intestinal mucositis, which causes patients immense suffering and hinders the process of cancer treatment. Dioscin is a natural steroid saponin that exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Herein, we investigate the protective effect of dioscin on cisplatin induced mucositis in rats from the perspective of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. We established a rat model of intestinal mucositis by tail vein injection of cisplatin, and concurrently treated with dioscin oral administration. Parameters, such as body weight, diarrheal incidence, and D-Lactate levels, were assessed in order to evaluate the effects of dioscin on intestinal mucositis in rats. Furthermore, biological samples were collected for microscopic gut microbiota, intestinal integrity, and immune inflammation analyses to elucidate the protective mechanisms of dioscin on intestinal mucositis. The results revealed that administration of dioscin significantly attenuated clinical manifestations, histological injury and inflammation in mucositis rats. Besides this, dioscin markedly inhibited the gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by cisplatin. Meanwhile, dioscin partially alleviated junctions between ileum epithelial cells and increased mucus secretion. Moreover, dioscin effectively inhibited the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signal transduction pathway and reduced the secretion of subsequent inflammatory mediators. These results suggested that dioscin effectively attenuated cisplatin-induced mucositis in part by modulating the gut microflora profile, maintaining ileum integrity and inhibiting the inflammatory response through the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.W.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Tongxu Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.W.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.W.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Mengxin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.W.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Xingyao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.W.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Siqi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.W.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.W.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence:
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Li H, Pang B, Nie B, Qu S, Zhang K, Xu J, Yang M, Liu J, Li S. Dioscin promotes autophagy by regulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway in ulcerative colitis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:238-246. [PMID: 35174751 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2037632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioscin is reported to alleviate the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Autophagy plays an anti-inflammatory role in UC. We herein aimed to explore the biological functions of dioscin in autophagy in UC. METHODS To explore the effects of dioscin on UC progression, a DSS-induced mouse model of UC was established. Body weight, disease activity index and macroscopic damage index scores were recorded for seven days. Hematoxylin & Eosin (HE) staining was used to stain colon sections and an BX53 microscope was prepared to observe pathological changes. The activities of glutathione, superoxidative dismutase, and malondialdehyde were determined by commercially available kits. Western blotting was performed to measure the protein levels of p-AMPK/AMPK, p-mTOR/mTOR and autophagy-related genes. RESULTS The DSS-induced colitis and oxidative stress in mice were ameliorated after dioscin treatment. Dioscin promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK to inhibit mTOR activation and facilitated autophagy in DSS-induced mice model of UC. CONCLUSION Dioscin promotes autophagy by promoting the phosphorylation of AMPK to inhibit mTOR activation in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Nie
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shifang Qu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuanxin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiu Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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Passos FRS, Araújo-Filho HG, Monteiro BS, Shanmugam S, Araújo AADS, Almeida JRGDS, Thangaraj P, Júnior LJQ, Quintans JDSS. Anti-inflammatory and modulatory effects of steroidal saponins and sapogenins on cytokines: A review of pre-clinical research. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153842. [PMID: 34952766 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saponins are glycosides which, after acid hydrolysis, liberate sugar(s) and an aglycone (sapogenin) which can be triterpenoid or steroidal in nature. Steroidal saponins and sapogenins have attracted significant attention as important natural anti-inflammatory compounds capable of acting on the activity of several inflammatory cytokines in various inflammatory models. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to collect preclinical in vivo studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of steroidal saponins through the modulation of inflammatory cytokines. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This review was carried out through a specialized search in three databases, that were accessed between September and October, 2021, and the publication period of the articles was not limited. Information about the name of the steroidal saponins, the animals used, the dose and route of administration, the model of pain or inflammation used, the tissue and experimental method used in the measurement of the cytokines, and the results observed on the levels of cytokines was retrieved. RESULTS Forty-five (45) articles met the inclusion criteria, involving the saponins cantalasaponin-1, α-chaconine, dioscin, DT-13, lycoperoside H, protodioscin, α-solanine, timosaponin AIII and BII, trillin, and the sapogenins diosgenin, hecogenin, and ruscogenin. The surveys were carried out in seven different countries and only articles between 2007 and 2021 were found. The studies included in the review showed that the saponins and sapogenins were anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant and they modulate inflammatory cytokines mainly through the Nf-κB, TLR4 and MAPKs pathways. CONCLUSION Steroidal saponins and sapogenins are promising compounds in handling of pain and inflammation for the development of natural product-derived drugs. However, it is necessary to increase the methodological quality of preclinical studies, mainly blinding and sample size calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiolla Rocha Santos Passos
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/N, Rosa Elza, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Heitor Gomes Araújo-Filho
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/N, Rosa Elza, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Brenda Souza Monteiro
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/N, Rosa Elza, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Saravanan Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucindo José Quintans Júnior
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/N, Rosa Elza, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/N, Rosa Elza, São Cristóvão, Brazil.
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