1
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Zhu Y, Ackers-Johnson M, Shanmugam MK, Pakkiri LS, Drum CL, Yanpu C, Kim J, Paltzer WG, Mahmoud AI, Wen Tan WL, Lee MCJ, Jianming J, Luu DAT, Ng SL, Li PYQ, Anhui W, Rong Q, Ong GJX, Ng Yu T, Haigh JJ, Tiang Z, Richards AM, Foo R. Asparagine Synthetase Marks a Distinct Dependency Threshold for Cardiomyocyte Dedifferentiation. Circulation 2024; 149:1833-1851. [PMID: 38586957 PMCID: PMC11147732 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.063965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes have limited proliferative capacity, but in specifically induced contexts they traverse through cell-cycle reentry, offering the potential for heart regeneration. Endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation is preceded by cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation (CMDD), wherein adult cardiomyocytes revert to a less matured state that is distinct from the classical myocardial fetal stress gene response associated with heart failure. However, very little is known about CMDD as a defined cardiomyocyte cell state in transition. METHODS Here, we leveraged 2 models of in vitro cultured adult mouse cardiomyocytes and in vivo adeno-associated virus serotype 9 cardiomyocyte-targeted delivery of reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc) in adult mice to study CMDD. We profiled their transcriptomes using RNA sequencing, in combination with multiple published data sets, with the aim of identifying a common denominator for tracking CMDD. RESULTS RNA sequencing and integrated analysis identified Asparagine Synthetase (Asns) as a unique molecular marker gene well correlated with CMDD, required for increased asparagine and also for distinct fluxes in other amino acids. Although Asns overexpression in Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc cardiomyocytes augmented hallmarks of CMDD, Asns deficiency led to defective regeneration in the neonatal mouse myocardial infarction model, increased cell death of cultured adult cardiomyocytes, and reduced cell cycle in Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc cardiomyocytes, at least in part through disrupting the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS We discovered a novel gene Asns as both a molecular marker and an essential mediator, marking a distinct threshold that appears in common for at least 4 models of CMDD, and revealing an Asns/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 axis dependency for dedifferentiating cardiomyocytes. Further study will be needed to extrapolate and assess its relevance to other cell state transitions as well as in heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Zhu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Matthew Ackers-Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Leroy Sivappiragasam Pakkiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Chester Lee Drum
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Chen Yanpu
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johnny Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein/Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Wyatt G. Paltzer
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ahmed I. Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wilson Lek Wen Tan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Mick Chang Jie Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Jiang Jianming
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Danh Anh Tuan Luu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Shi Ling Ng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Peter Yi Qing Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Wang Anhui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Centre, Peking University
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodelling, Peking University
| | - Qi Rong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Centre, Peking University
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodelling, Peking University
| | - Gabriel Jing Xiang Ong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Timothy Ng Yu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Jody J. Haigh
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- VIB, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zenia Tiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - A. Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Roger Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
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2
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Chen X, Wu H, Liu Y, Liu L, Houser SR, Wang WE. Metabolic Reprogramming: A Byproduct or a Driver of Cardiomyocyte Proliferation? Circulation 2024; 149:1598-1610. [PMID: 38739695 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Defining mechanisms of cardiomyocyte proliferation should guide the understanding of endogenous cardiac regeneration and could lead to novel treatments for diseases such as myocardial infarction. In the neonatal heart, energy metabolic reprogramming (phenotypic alteration of glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism) parallels cell cycle arrest of cardiomyocytes. The metabolic reprogramming occurring shortly after birth is associated with alterations in blood oxygen levels, metabolic substrate availability, hemodynamic stress, and hormone release. In the adult heart, myocardial infarction causes metabolic reprogramming but these changes cannot stimulate sufficient cardiomyocyte proliferation to replace those lost by the ischemic injury. Some putative pro-proliferative interventions can induce the metabolic reprogramming. Recent data show that altering the metabolic enzymes PKM2 [pyruvate kinase 2], LDHA [lactate dehydrogenase A], PDK4 [pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4], SDH [succinate dehydrogenase], CPT1b [carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b], or HMGCS2 [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2] is sufficient to partially reverse metabolic reprogramming and promotes adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. How metabolic reprogramming regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation is not clearly defined. The possible mechanisms involve biosynthetic pathways from the glycolysis shunts and the epigenetic regulation induced by metabolic intermediates. Metabolic manipulation could represent a new approach to stimulate cardiac regeneration; however, the efficacy of these manipulations requires optimization, and novel molecular targets need to be defined. In this review, we summarize the features, triggers, and molecular regulatory networks responsible for metabolic reprogramming and discuss the current understanding of metabolic reprogramming as a critical determinant of cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Center (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Geriatrics (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Center (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Geriatrics (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Center (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Center (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Steven R Houser
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (S.R.H.)
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- Department of Geriatrics (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Center (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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3
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Cordero J, Elsherbiny A, Wang Y, Jürgensen L, Constanty F, Günther S, Boerries M, Heineke J, Beisaw A, Leuschner F, Hassel D, Dobreva G. Leveraging chromatin state transitions for the identification of regulatory networks orchestrating heart regeneration. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4215-4233. [PMID: 38364861 PMCID: PMC11077086 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity of the human heart contributes to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In contrast, zebrafish exhibit robust regenerative capacity, providing a powerful model for studying how to overcome intrinsic epigenetic barriers maintaining cardiac homeostasis and initiate regeneration. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the histone modifications H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K27ac during various stages of zebrafish heart regeneration. We found a vast gain of repressive chromatin marks one day after myocardial injury, followed by the acquisition of active chromatin characteristics on day four and a transition to a repressive state on day 14, and identified distinct transcription factor ensembles associated with these events. The rapid transcriptional response involves the engagement of super-enhancers at genes implicated in extracellular matrix reorganization and TOR signaling, while H3K4me3 breadth highly correlates with transcriptional activity and dynamic changes at genes involved in proteolysis, cell cycle activity, and cell differentiation. Using loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we identified transcription factors in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells influencing cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation or proliferation. Finally, we detected significant evolutionary conservation between regulatory regions that drive zebrafish and neonatal mouse heart regeneration, suggesting that reactivating transcriptional and epigenetic networks converging on these regulatory elements might unlock the regenerative potential of adult human hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cordero
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adel Elsherbiny
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yinuo Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lonny Jürgensen
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Constanty
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 69110 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arica Beisaw
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Hassel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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García-Poyatos C, Arora P, Calvo E, Marques IJ, Kirschke N, Galardi-Castilla M, Lembke C, Meer M, Fernández-Montes P, Ernst A, Haberthür D, Hlushchuk R, Vázquez J, Vermathen P, Enríquez JA, Mercader N. Cox7a1 controls skeletal muscle physiology and heart regeneration through complex IV dimerization. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00237-5. [PMID: 38701784 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system is intricately organized, with respiratory complexes forming super-assembled quaternary structures whose assembly mechanisms and physiological roles remain under investigation. Cox7a2l, also known as Scaf1, facilitates complex III and complex IV (CIII-CIV) super-assembly, enhancing energetic efficiency in various species. We examined the role of Cox7a1, another Cox7a family member, in supercomplex assembly and muscle physiology. Zebrafish lacking Cox7a1 exhibited reduced CIV2 formation, metabolic alterations, and non-pathological muscle performance decline. Additionally, cox7a1-/- hearts displayed a pro-regenerative metabolic profile, impacting cardiac regenerative response. The distinct phenotypic effects of cox7a1-/- and cox7a2l-/- underscore the diverse metabolic and physiological consequences of impaired supercomplex formation, emphasizing the significance of Cox7a1 in muscle maturation within the OXPHOS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina García-Poyatos
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Prateek Arora
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research, Cardiovascular Disease Program, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines J Marques
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research, Cardiovascular Disease Program, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nick Kirschke
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research, Cardiovascular Disease Program, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Carla Lembke
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research, Cardiovascular Disease Program, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Meer
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research, Cardiovascular Disease Program, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Ernst
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Haberthür
- MicroCT research group, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruslan Hlushchuk
- MicroCT research group, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Vermathen
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Magnetic Resonance Methodology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research, Cardiovascular Disease Program, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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5
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Ascanelli C, Dahir R, Wilson CH. Manipulating Myc for reparative regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1357589. [PMID: 38577503 PMCID: PMC10991803 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1357589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Myc family of proto-oncogenes is a key node for the signal transduction of external pro-proliferative signals to the cellular processes required for development, tissue homoeostasis maintenance, and regeneration across evolution. The tight regulation of Myc synthesis and activity is essential for restricting its oncogenic potential. In this review, we highlight the central role that Myc plays in regeneration across the animal kingdom (from Cnidaria to echinoderms to Chordata) and how Myc could be employed to unlock the regenerative potential of non-regenerative tissues in humans for therapeutic purposes. Mastering the fine balance of harnessing the ability of Myc to promote transcription without triggering oncogenesis may open the door to many exciting opportunities for therapeutic development across a wide array of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine H. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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6
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Sidorov VY, Sidorova TN, Samson PC, Reiserer RS, Britt CM, Neely MD, Ess KC, Wikswo JP. Contractile and Genetic Characterization of Cardiac Constructs Engineered from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Modeling of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and the Effects of Rapamycin. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:234. [PMID: 38534508 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The implementation of three-dimensional tissue engineering concurrently with stem cell technology holds great promise for in vitro research in pharmacology and toxicology and modeling cardiac diseases, particularly for rare genetic and pediatric diseases for which animal models, immortal cell lines, and biopsy samples are unavailable. It also allows for a rapid assessment of phenotype-genotype relationships and tissue response to pharmacological manipulation. Mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes lead to dysfunctional mTOR signaling and cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a genetic disorder that affects multiple organ systems, principally the brain, heart, skin, and kidneys. Here we differentiated healthy (CC3) and tuberous sclerosis (TSP8-15) human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into cardiomyocytes to create engineered cardiac tissue constructs (ECTCs). We investigated and compared their mechano-elastic properties and gene expression and assessed the effects of rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). The TSP8-15 ECTCs had increased chronotropy compared to healthy ECTCs. Rapamycin induced positive inotropic and chronotropic effects (i.e., increased contractility and beating frequency, respectively) in the CC3 ECTCs but did not cause significant changes in the TSP8-15 ECTCs. A differential gene expression analysis revealed 926 up- and 439 down-regulated genes in the TSP8-15 ECTCs compared to their healthy counterparts. The application of rapamycin initiated the differential expression of 101 and 31 genes in the CC3 and TSP8-15 ECTCs, respectively. A gene ontology analysis showed that in the CC3 ECTCs, the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of rapamycin correlated with positively regulated biological processes, which were primarily related to the metabolism of lipids and fatty and amino acids, and with negatively regulated processes, which were predominantly associated with cell proliferation and muscle and tissue development. In conclusion, this study describes for the first time an in vitro TSC cardiac tissue model, illustrates the response of normal and TSC ECTCs to rapamycin, and provides new insights into the mechanisms of TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veniamin Y Sidorov
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Tatiana N Sidorova
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Philip C Samson
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Ronald S Reiserer
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Clayton M Britt
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - M Diana Neely
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John P Wikswo
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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7
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Paltzer WG, Aballo TJ, Bae J, Flynn CGK, Wanless KN, Hubert KA, Nuttall DJ, Perry C, Nahlawi R, Ge Y, Mahmoud AI. mTORC1 regulates the metabolic switch of postnatal cardiomyocytes during regeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:15-25. [PMID: 38141532 PMCID: PMC10922357 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic switch from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation in postnatal cardiomyocytes contributes to the loss of the cardiac regenerative potential of the mammalian heart. However, the mechanisms that regulate this metabolic switch remain unclear. The protein kinase complex mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central signaling hub that regulates cellular metabolism and protein synthesis, yet its role during mammalian heart regeneration and postnatal metabolic maturation is undefined. Here, we use immunoblotting, rapamycin treatment, myocardial infarction, and global proteomics to define the role of mTORC1 in postnatal heart development and regeneration. Our results demonstrate that the activity of mTORC1 is dynamically regulated between the regenerating and the non-regenerating hearts. Acute inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin or everolimus reduces cardiomyocyte proliferation and inhibits neonatal heart regeneration following injury. Our quantitative proteomic analysis demonstrates that transient inhibition of mTORC1 during neonatal heart injury did not reduce protein synthesis, but rather shifts the cardiac proteome of the neonatal injured heart from glycolysis towards fatty acid oxidation. This indicates that mTORC1 inhibition following injury accelerates the postnatal metabolic switch, which promotes metabolic maturation and impedes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. Taken together, our results define an important role for mTORC1 in regulating postnatal cardiac metabolism and may represent a novel target to modulate cardiac metabolism and promote heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt G Paltzer
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Timothy J Aballo
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Jiyoung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Corey G K Flynn
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Kayla N Wanless
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Katharine A Hubert
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Dakota J Nuttall
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Cassidy Perry
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Raya Nahlawi
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Ahmed I Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States.
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8
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Yang X, Li L, Zeng C, Wang WE. The characteristics of proliferative cardiomyocytes in mammals. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 185:50-64. [PMID: 37918322 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of the mechanisms regulating the proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocyte (CM) should lead to better options for regenerating injured myocardium. The absence of a perfect research model to definitively identify newly formed mammalian CMs is lacking. However, methodologies are being developed to identify and enrich proliferative CMs. These methods take advantages of the different proliferative states of CMs during postnatal development, before and after injury in the neonatal heart. New approaches use CMs labeled in lineage tracing animals or single cell technique-based CM clusters. This review aims to provide a timely update on the characteristics of the proliferative CMs, including their structural, functional, genetic, epigenetic and metabolic characteristics versus non-proliferative CMs. A better understanding of the characteristics of proliferative CMs should lead to the mechanisms for inducing endogenous CMs to self-renew, which is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat cardiac diseases that cause CM death in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liangpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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9
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Rao A, Lyu B, Jahan I, Lubertozzi A, Zhou G, Tedeschi F, Jankowsky E, Kang J, Carstens B, Poss KD, Baskin K, Goldman JA. The translation initiation factor homolog eif4e1c regulates cardiomyocyte metabolism and proliferation during heart regeneration. Development 2023; 150:dev201376. [PMID: 37306388 PMCID: PMC10281269 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The eIF4E family of translation initiation factors bind 5' methylated caps and act as the limiting step for mRNA translation. The canonical eIF4E1A is required for cell viability, yet other related eIF4E families exist and are utilized in specific contexts or tissues. Here, we describe a family called Eif4e1c, for which we find roles during heart development and regeneration in zebrafish. The Eif4e1c family is present in all aquatic vertebrates but is lost in all terrestrial species. A core group of amino acids shared over 500 million years of evolution forms an interface along the protein surface, suggesting that Eif4e1c functions in a novel pathway. Deletion of eif4e1c in zebrafish caused growth deficits and impaired survival in juveniles. Mutants surviving to adulthood had fewer cardiomyocytes and reduced proliferative responses to cardiac injury. Ribosome profiling of mutant hearts demonstrated changes in translation efficiency of mRNA for genes known to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation. Although eif4e1c is broadly expressed, its disruption had most notable impact on the heart and at juvenile stages. Our findings reveal context-dependent requirements for translation initiation regulators during heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Rao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Baken Lyu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anna Lubertozzi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gao Zhou
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106USA
| | - Frank Tedeschi
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106USA
| | - Eckhard Jankowsky
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bryan Carstens
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kedryn Baskin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph Aaron Goldman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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10
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Paltzer WG, Aballo TJ, Bae J, Hubert KA, Nuttall DJ, Perry C, Wanless KN, Nahlawi R, Ge Y, Mahmoud AI. mTORC1 Regulates the Metabolic Switch of Postnatal Cardiomyocytes During Regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557400. [PMID: 37745413 PMCID: PMC10515815 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic switch from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation in postnatal cardiomyocytes contributes to the loss of the cardiac regenerative potential of the mammalian heart. However, the mechanisms that regulate this metabolic switch remain unclear. The protein kinase complex mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central signaling hub that regulates cellular metabolism and protein synthesis, yet its role during mammalian heart regeneration and postnatal metabolic maturation is undefined. Here, we use immunoblotting, rapamycin treatment, myocardial infarction, and global proteomics to define the role of mTORC1 in postnatal heart development and regeneration. Our results demonstrate that the activity of mTORC1 is dynamically regulated between the regenerating and the non-regenerating hearts. Acute inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin or everolimus reduces cardiomyocyte proliferation and inhibits neonatal heart regeneration following injury. Our quantitative proteomic analysis demonstrates that transient inhibition of mTORC1 during neonatal heart injury did not reduce protein synthesis, but rather shifts the cardiac proteome of the neonatal injured heart from glycolysis towards fatty acid oxidation. This indicates that mTORC1 inhibition following injury accelerates the postnatal metabolic switch, which promotes metabolic maturation and impedes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. Taken together, our results define an important role for mTORC1 in regulating postnatal cardiac metabolism and may represent a novel target to modulate cardiac metabolism and promote heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt G. Paltzer
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Timothy J. Aballo
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Jiyoung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Katharine A. Hubert
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Dakota J. Nuttall
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Cassidy Perry
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Kayla N. Wanless
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Raya Nahlawi
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Ahmed I. Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
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11
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Yu F, Cong S, Yap EP, Hausenloy DJ, Ramachandra CJ. Unravelling the Interplay between Cardiac Metabolism and Heart Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10300. [PMID: 37373444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of heart failure (HF) and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. An ischemic event induces cardiomyocyte death, and the ability for the adult heart to repair itself is challenged by the limited proliferative capacity of resident cardiomyocytes. Intriguingly, changes in metabolic substrate utilisation at birth coincide with the terminal differentiation and reduced proliferation of cardiomyocytes, which argues for a role of cardiac metabolism in heart regeneration. As such, strategies aimed at modulating this metabolism-proliferation axis could, in theory, promote heart regeneration in the setting of IHD. However, the lack of mechanistic understanding of these cellular processes has made it challenging to develop therapeutic modalities that can effectively promote regeneration. Here, we review the role of metabolic substrates and mitochondria in heart regeneration, and discuss potential targets aimed at promoting cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry. While advances in cardiovascular therapies have reduced IHD-related deaths, this has resulted in a substantial increase in HF cases. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between cardiac metabolism and heart regeneration could facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to repair the damaged heart and reduce risk of HF in patients with IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Shuo Cong
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - En Ping Yap
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Chrishan J Ramachandra
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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12
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Sorbini M, Arab S, Soni T, Frisiras A, Mehta S. How can the adult zebrafish and neonatal mice teach us about stimulating cardiac regeneration in the human heart? Regen Med 2023; 18:85-99. [PMID: 36416596 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferative capacity of mammalian cardiomyocytes diminishes shortly after birth. In contrast, adult zebrafish and neonatal mice can regenerate cardiac tissues, highlighting new potential therapeutic avenues. Different factors have been found to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish and neonatal mice; these include maintenance of mononuclear and diploid cardiomyocytes and upregulation of the proto-oncogene c-Myc. The growth factor NRG-1 controls cell proliferation and interacts with the Hippo-Yap pathway to modulate regeneration. Key components of the extracellular matrix such as Agrin are also crucial for cardiac regeneration. Novel therapies explored in this review, include intramyocardial injection of Agrin or zebrafish-ECM and NRG-1 administration. These therapies may induce regeneration in patients and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sorbini
- Barts and the London School of Medicien and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AD, London, UK.,Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Sammy Arab
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Tara Soni
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | | | - Samay Mehta
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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13
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Taslim TH, Hussein AM, Keshri R, Ishibashi JR, Chan TC, Nguyen BN, Liu S, Brewer D, Harper S, Lyons S, Garver B, Dang J, Balachandar N, Jhajharia S, Castillo DD, Mathieu J, Ruohola-Baker H. Stress-induced reversible cell-cycle arrest requires PRC2/PRC1-mediated control of mitophagy in Drosophila germline stem cells and human iPSCs. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 18:269-288. [PMID: 36493777 PMCID: PMC9860083 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following acute genotoxic stress, both normal and tumorous stem cells can undergo cell-cycle arrest to avoid apoptosis and later re-enter the cell cycle to regenerate daughter cells. However, the mechanism of protective, reversible proliferative arrest, "quiescence," remains unresolved. Here, we show that mitophagy is a prerequisite for reversible quiescence in both irradiated Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In GSCs, mitofission (Drp1) or mitophagy (Pink1/Parkin) genes are essential to enter quiescence, whereas mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1α) or fusion (Mfn2) genes are crucial for exiting quiescence. Furthermore, mitophagy-dependent quiescence lies downstream of mTOR- and PRC2-mediated repression and relies on the mitochondrial pool of cyclin E. Mitophagy-dependent reduction of cyclin E in GSCs and in hiPSCs during mTOR inhibition prevents the usual G1/S transition, pushing the cells toward reversible quiescence (G0). This alternative method of G1/S control may present new opportunities for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy H Taslim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Abdiasis M Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Riya Keshri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julien R Ishibashi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tung C Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bich N Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shuozhi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stuart Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott Lyons
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ben Garver
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jimmy Dang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nanditaa Balachandar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Samriddhi Jhajharia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Debra Del Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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14
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Hamledari H, Asghari P, Jayousi F, Aguirre A, Maaref Y, Barszczewski T, Ser T, Moore E, Wasserman W, Klein Geltink R, Teves S, Tibbits GF. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to understand the mechanisms driving cardiomyocyte maturation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:967659. [PMID: 36061558 PMCID: PMC9429949 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.967659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and reduced quality of life globally. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) provide a personalized platform to study inherited heart diseases, drug-induced cardiac toxicity, and cardiac regenerative therapy. However, the immaturity of CMs obtained by current strategies is a major hurdle in utilizing hiPSC-CMs at their fullest potential. Here, the major findings and limitations of current maturation methodologies to enhance the utility of hiPSC-CMs in the battle against a major source of morbidity and mortality are reviewed. The most recent knowledge of the potential signaling pathways involved in the transition of fetal to adult CMs are assimilated. In particular, we take a deeper look on role of nutrient sensing signaling pathways and the potential role of cap-independent translation mediated by the modulation of mTOR pathway in the regulation of cardiac gap junctions and other yet to be identified aspects of CM maturation. Moreover, a relatively unexplored perspective on how our knowledge on the effects of preterm birth on cardiovascular development can be actually utilized to enhance the current understanding of CM maturation is examined. Furthermore, the interaction between the evolving neonatal human heart and brown adipose tissue as the major source of neonatal thermogenesis and its endocrine function on CM development is another discussed topic which is worthy of future investigation. Finally, the current knowledge regarding transcriptional mediators of CM maturation is still limited. The recent studies have produced the groundwork to better understand CM maturation in terms of providing some of the key factors involved in maturation and development of metrics for assessment of maturation which proves essential for future studies on in vitro PSC-CMs maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Hamledari
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Parisa Asghari
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Farah Jayousi
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alejandro Aguirre
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yasaman Maaref
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tiffany Barszczewski
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Terri Ser
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edwin Moore
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wyeth Wasserman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ramon Klein Geltink
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheila Teves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Glen F. Tibbits
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Duan X, Liu X, Zhan Z. Metabolic Regulation of Cardiac Regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:933060. [PMID: 35872916 PMCID: PMC9304552 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.933060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality due to heart diseases remains highest in the world every year, with ischemic cardiomyopathy being the prime cause. The irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes following myocardial injury leads to compromised contractility of the remaining myocardium, adverse cardiac remodeling, and ultimately heart failure. The hearts of adult mammals can hardly regenerate after cardiac injury since adult cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle. Nonetheless, the hearts of early neonatal mammals possess a stronger capacity for regeneration. To improve the prognosis of patients with heart failure and to find the effective therapeutic strategies for it, it is essential to promote endogenous regeneration of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial metabolism maintains normal physiological functions of the heart and compensates for heart failure. In recent decades, the focus is on the changes in myocardial energy metabolism, including glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, in cardiac physiological and pathological states. In addition to being a source of energy, metabolites are becoming key regulators of gene expression and epigenetic patterns, which may affect heart regeneration. However, the myocardial energy metabolism during heart regeneration is majorly unknown. This review focuses on the role of energy metabolism in cardiac regeneration, intending to shed light on the strategies for manipulating heart regeneration and promoting heart repair after cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingguang Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Xingguang Liu,
| | - Zhenzhen Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenzhen Zhan,
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16
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Abstract
The adult mammalian heart is recalcitrant to regeneration after injury, in part due to the postmitotic nature of cardiomyocytes. Accumulating evidence suggests that cardiomyocyte proliferation in fetal or neonatal mammals and in regenerative non-mammalian models depends on a conducive metabolic state. Results from numerous studies in adult hearts indicate that conditions of relatively low fatty acid oxidation, low reactive oxygen species generation, and high glycolysis are required for induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Glycolysis appears particularly important because it provides branchpoint metabolites for several biosynthetic pathways that are essential for synthesis of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars, amino acids, and glycerophospholipids, all of which are required for daughter cell formation. In addition, the proliferative cardiomyocyte phenotype is supported in part by relatively low oxygen tensions and through the actions of critical transcription factors, coactivators, and signaling pathways that promote a more glycolytic and proliferative cardiomyocyte phenotype, such as hypoxia inducible factor 1α (Hif1α), Yes-associated protein (Yap), and ErbB2. Interventions that inhibit glycolysis or its integrated biosynthetic pathways almost universally impair cardiomyocyte proliferative capacity. Furthermore, metabolic enzymes that augment biosynthetic capacity such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 and pyruvate kinase M2 appear to be amplifiers of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Collectively, these studies suggest that acquisition of a glycolytic and biosynthetic metabolic phenotype is a sine qua non of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Further knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms that control substrate partitioning to coordinate biosynthesis with energy provision could be leveraged to prompt or augment cardiomyocyte division and to promote cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M A Mohamed
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Corresponding authors: Tamer M.A. Mohamed, PhD, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, 580 S. Preston Street, Rm 121A, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Riham Abouleisa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Bradford G. Hill, PhD, Department of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Rm 321E, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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