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Miyawaki R, Oka K, Otsuki AK, Saito J, Yaguchi-Saito A, Kuchiba A, Fujimori M, Kreps GL, Shimazu T. Trust in Mass Media as Sources of Cancer Information: Findings from a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey in Japan. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 29:143-154. [PMID: 38126891 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2294471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Trust is a major factor in effective public dissemination and use of relevant health information to guide important health decisions. To examine mass media as a communication channel for delivering cancer information among Japanese adults, we identified the level of trust in various types of mass media as sources of cancer information, and examined factors associated with trust, including exposure to mass media, sociodemographic factors, and cancer history. Data were analyzed for 3,109 Japanese adults who responded to a nationally representative cross-sectional mail survey. Data included trust in cancer information sources, sociodemographic variables, cancer history, and exposure to mass media. Logistic regression analysis was used. The prevalence of high trust in cancer information sources was highest for physicians (94.7%). Among mass media, Internet (47.2%) was the most trusted source of cancer-related information, followed by television (44.3%), newspapers/magazines (42.7%), and radio (32.7%). The high-exposure group for newspapers (AOR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.07-1.54) was more likely to trust newspapers. Similarly, high-exposure groups for radio (1.22, 1.02-1.45), Internet (1.21, 1.01-1.45), and television (1.30, 1.10-1.53) were positively associated with trust in each media type. Although trust in mass media was lower than trust in physicians, the study found that a large group of respondents had high levels of trust in mass media sources. Trust in cancer information from each mass media type was mainly related to the level of exposure to each mass media type. Developing health communication strategies using mass media may be effective for disseminating relevant cancer information in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Miyawaki
- School of Arts and Letters, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - AKi Otsuki
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Saito
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Yaguchi-Saito
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Tokiwa University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Aya Kuchiba
- Division of Biostatistical Research, Institution for Cancer Control/Biostatistics Division, Center for Research Administration and Support, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services Kanagawa Japan
| | - Maiko Fujimori
- Division of Survivorship Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gary L Kreps
- Center for Health and Risk Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Fennell BS, Magnan RE, Hunt RL. Longitudinal comparisons of self-affirmation approaches for sun protection. Br J Health Psychol 2023; 28:793-813. [PMID: 36840397 PMCID: PMC10447630 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-affirmation approaches for health behaviour demonstrate consistent small to medium effects on message acceptance, health intentions and behaviour change. There are several forms of self-affirmation (e.g., values affirmations, implementation intentions), but few empirical comparisons to guide selection in empirical work. Further, there has been little emphasis on the putative mechanisms of self-affirmation driving behaviour change. The current investigation compared a control and four self-affirmation approaches: values, social, implementation intention, and perspective taking. METHODS Participants were recruited through CloudResearch (N = 666) and reported baseline sun exposure and protection behaviour at Time 1. One week later (Time 2), returning participants (N = 535) were randomly assigned to condition, viewed a message conveying risks of sun exposure, and reported sun exposure and protection intentions for the next week. Follow-up one week later (Time 3; N = 449) assessed past week sun exposure (i.e., number of days spent outside during peak hours), sun protection behaviour (e.g., sunscreen use), future sun exposure and protection intentions and engagement with resources conveying further health information (i.e., viewing infographics, following links to websites with more information). The association of putative mechanisms with self-affirmation conditions and health outcomes was also examined. RESULTS Unexpectedly, there were few differences between self-affirmation conditions and the control on intentions, information seeking, or behaviour at follow-up. At follow-up, perspective circle participants reported fewer days spent outside, spent longer viewing infographics, and, along with social values participants, followed more weblinks seeking information than control participants. The putative mechanisms were unrelated to health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The current investigation was a first step in comparing novel online self-affirmation approaches and had largely null findings. Results suggest that the perspective circle performed best at promoting information seeking and, to some extent, behaviour change. Suggestions for future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renee E. Magnan
- Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Robin L. Hunt
- Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington, USA
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3
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Wang X, Yue T, Mo PKH. The associations among cognitive social factors, eHealth literacy and health-promoting behaviors in Chinese adolescents. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6835390. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
The internet is a critical source of health information. It is important to understand online health information seeking related factors among college students, as modifications in this have the potentials to enhance their health-promoting behaviors in their transition into early adulthood. This study assessed the associations among cognitive social factors, eHealth literacy, online health information seeking and health-promoting behaviors; and examined the potential mediation effect of online health information seeking and eHealth literacy on the association between cognitive social factors and health-promoting behaviors. A cross-sectional, Internet-based survey was conducted in a sample of Chinese college students (n = 289) during April to June 2018. The structural model fitted the data well: X2/df = 2.27; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.07 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.08); SRMR = 0.07 and the results showed that performance expectancy and health motivation were significantly and positively associated with health-promoting behaviors indirectly through eHealth literacy, adjusting for other cognitive social factors, frequency of online health information seeking and background factors. eHealth literacy is a strong mediator of the association between cognitive social factors (performance expectancy and health motivation) and health-promoting behaviors. Implications and potential interventions to promote eHealth literacy and health-promoting behaviors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Tian Yue
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Phoenix Kit-han Mo
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen , China
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4
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Dermatology education resources on sun safety and skin cancer targeted at Spanish-speaking patients: a systematic review. Arch Dermatol Res 2022; 315:1083-1088. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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5
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Xu Z. Stronger than partisanship and motivated reasoning: news exposure and news frames predicting US state-level preventive behaviours against COVID-19. HEALTH, RISK & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2022.2147903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Xu
- School of Communication, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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6
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Yamagiwa Y, Tanaka S, Abe SK, Shimazu T, Inoue M. A cross-sectional survey on awareness of cancer risk factors, information sources and health behaviors for cancer prevention in Japan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14606. [PMID: 36028524 PMCID: PMC9418251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to recent increases in cancer burden worldwide, we investigated current awareness of cancer risk factors and the association between information sources and health behaviors for cancer prevention in Japan. A nationwide representative sample aged 20 years or older (563 men and 653 women) responded to a questionnaire as part of a population-based survey in December 2018. Tobacco smoking (55.7% of the mean attributable fraction of cancer risk overall) and cancer-causing infection (52.0%) were regarded more highly than other lifestyle factors as causes of cancer (obesity [36.6%], physical inactivity [31.9%], unbalanced diet [30.9%], and alcohol consumption [26.2%]). The association between information sources and health behaviors for cancer prevention was evaluated using a logistic regression model. The websites of public institutions, and health professionals were associated with a broad range of health behaviors including improving diet, exercise, cancer screening/health check-up, and abstinence from smoking/drinking. Among sources of print media, positive associations were observed between books and improving diet/exercise, brochures and cancer screening/health check-up, and advertisements and abstinence from smoking/drinking. A strategic health communication approach that utilizes various information sources and delivery channels is needed to inform the public about cancer prevention and to motivate risk-reducing behaviors in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamagiwa
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shiori Tanaka
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Sarah Krull Abe
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Crowder SL, Buro AW, Lacson JCA, Kim Y, Sutton SK, Roetzheim RG, Vadaparampil ST, Stern M, Kanetsky PA. Retention and Evaluation of Precision and Generic Prevention Materials for Melanoma: A Qualitative Study Comparing Young Adults and Adults. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:533-542. [PMID: 35665800 PMCID: PMC9357111 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A randomized trial was conducted to examine whether providing precision prevention materials incorporating melanocortin-1 receptor genetic risk information would increase intention to practice melanoma preventive behaviors. Here, we determine retention/evaluation of prevention materials for adolescent and young adults (AYA) 18 to 39 years old versus adults aged 40+ at 6 and 12 months as an a priori adjunct analysis to the primary research question. Using qualitative methodology, open-ended questions probing most important information from prevention materials and additional comments were collected at 6 and 12 months after baseline. Descriptive statistics were performed on demographic/self-reported characteristics. Two independent researchers applied qualitative thematic content analysis to identify major themes in open-ended questions. Of the 1,134 participants randomized, 906 completed at least one of the follow-up surveys and contributed to analyses of intervention efficacy. Five major thematic categories emerged from the open-ended response data: (i) tips and tricks for sun protection; (ii) cancer prevention; (iii) risk factors and genetics; (iv) general information; and (v) intervention comments. Across all ages, the most important information retained were sun protection techniques in the generic prevention materials group and identifying the importance of genetic risk factors/implementing lifestyle behavior changes in the precision prevention materials group. For additional comments, AYA participants in the generic prevention materials group preferred more scientific information including statistics and citations for references while adults were more likely to state they already knew cancer prevention techniques. Results provide unique qualitative evaluation of AYA versus adult retention of prevention materials for melanoma that enhance quantitative findings. PREVENTION RELEVANCE It is important to evaluate information within groups defined by periods of the life trajectory, e.g., AYA and adults, to best inform preferences, knowledge, and motivation for behavior change. By assessing retention, evidence-based interventions can be designed to better support public health messaging and encourage positive health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia L. Crowder
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Acadia W. Buro
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - John Charles A. Lacson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Steven K. Sutton
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Richard G. Roetzheim
- Department of Family Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Susan T. Vadaparampil
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Marilyn Stern
- College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Peter A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Xu Z, Ellis L, Laffidy M. News Frames and News Exposure Predicting Flu Vaccination Uptake: Evidence from U.S. Newspapers, 2011-2018 Using Computational Methods. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:74-82. [PMID: 32927970 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1818958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flu remains a prevalent public health issue and the flu vaccine uptake remains low. This study examined the behavioral consequences of first- and second-level agenda setting by testing the effects of exposure to flu-related news coverage and different frames on flu vaccine uptake, while controlling for confounding sociodemographic factors, utilizing computational methods. Findings suggested that the media effects on children and adult influenza vaccine uptake differed. The frame of influenza caused deaths/illnesses stories was the only media frame that positively predicted flu vaccine uptake among children. Four frames, including influenza caused deaths/illnesses stories, flu prevention tips, things to know about flu vaccine, and public accountability positively predicted flu vaccine uptake among adults. Exposure rate negatively predicted flu vaccine uptake among adults. A few sociodemographic factors impacted flu vaccine uptake. Results also revealed the most and least exposed frames and state exposure rates to flu-related news stories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Xu
- School of Communication, Northern Arizona University
| | - Lauren Ellis
- School of Communication, Northern Arizona University
| | - Mary Laffidy
- School of Communication, Northern Arizona University
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9
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Chiu YC, Li FY. Effects of the digital divide on the prevention of food risk in Taiwan. Health Promot Int 2021; 37:6352240. [PMID: 34389869 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the frequent occurrence of various food incidents, food safety is a significant public health concern worldwide. Health information plays an important role in risk prevention. As its reach continues to broaden, the Internet is emerging as a major source of health information for the public, although some social groups continue to have limited access. This study investigates the relation between the digital divide and practices for preventing food incidents in Taiwan. Using a nationally representative survey of 2098 adults, the results of our multinomial logistic regression and bootstrapped mediation analysis indicate the existence of second- and third-level digital divides. The association between socioeconomic status and Internet use time and digital skills results in disparities in food risk prevention behaviors and is partially mediated by online food safety information acquisition. Our findings reveal that the digital divide exacerbates health inequalities in food risk prevention. In addition to providing useful food safety information online, communication interventions should address the digital inequality by delivering food safety information through alternative networks for disadvantaged members of the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Chiu
- Department of Bio-Industry Communication and Development, National Taiwan University, 1, sec 4, Roosevelt Road, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ying Li
- Aurora Healthcare US Corp 8 Electronics Avenue Danvers, MA 01923 USA
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10
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Hicks-Courant K, Shen J, Stroupe A, Cronin A, Bair EF, Wing SE, Sosa E, Nagler RH, Gray SW. Personalized Cancer Medicine in the Media: Sensationalism or Realistic Reporting? J Pers Med 2021; 11:741. [PMID: 34442385 PMCID: PMC8399271 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that media coverage can shape healthcare expectations, it is essential that we understand how the media frames "personalized medicine" (PM) in oncology, and whether information about unproven technologies is widely disseminated. METHODS We conducted a content analysis of 396 news reports related to cancer and PM published between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2011. Two coders independently coded all the reports using a pre-defined framework. Determination of coverage of "standard" and "non-standard" therapies and tests was made by comparing the media print/broadcast date to the date of Federal Drug Administration approval or incorporation into clinical guidelines. RESULTS Although the term "personalized medicine" appeared in all reports, it was clearly defined only 27% of the time. Stories more frequently reported PM benefits than challenges (96% vs. 48%, p < 0.001). Commonly reported benefits included improved treatment (89%), prediction of side effects (30%), disease risk prediction (33%), and lower cost (19%). Commonly reported challenges included high cost (28%), potential for discrimination (29%), and concerns over privacy and regulation (21%). Coverage of inherited DNA testing was more common than coverage of tumor testing (79% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). Media reports of standard tests and treatments were common; however, 8% included information about non-standard technologies, such as experimental medications and gene therapy. CONCLUSION Confusion about personalized cancer medicine may be exacerbated by media reports that fail to clearly define the term. While most media stories reported on standard tests and treatments, an emphasis on the benefits of PM may lead to unrealistic expectations for cancer genomic care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Shen
- Department of Psychology, The State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Angela Stroupe
- Patient Reported Outcomes, Pharmerit International, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
| | | | - Elizabeth F. Bair
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Sam E. Wing
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.E.W.); (E.S.)
| | - Ernesto Sosa
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.E.W.); (E.S.)
| | - Rebekah H. Nagler
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Stacy W. Gray
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.E.W.); (E.S.)
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A Randomized Trial of Precision Prevention Materials to Improve Primary and Secondary Melanoma Prevention Activities among Individuals with Limited Melanoma Risk Phenotypes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133143. [PMID: 34201795 PMCID: PMC8267659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inherited genetic variation at the MC1R gene is associated with increased risk of melanoma among non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), especially among those with skin and pigmentation characteristics that are associated with average to lower melanoma risk, for whom MC1R genetic testing may reveal unrecognized melanoma risk. We conducted a randomized trial to examine whether providing MC1R genetic risk information together with precision prevention materials would increase primary and secondary melanoma preventive behaviors compared to providing generic prevention materials only. We found that among participants with MC1R variants associated with higher risk of melanoma, the intervention increased shade-seeking or using an umbrella, increased wearing sleeved shirts, and decreased sunburns among their young children. We conclude that MC1R genetic testing and precision prevention materials may increase the practice of some sun-protective behaviors. Abstract Inherited variation at MC1R is associated with elevated melanoma risk among non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). MC1R genetic testing may unmask previously unrecognized disease risk, especially among individuals with few melanoma phenotypic risk factors. We recruited NHW individuals with limited phenotypic risk factors from two primary care clinics in west-central Florida. Participants (n = 1134) were randomized within MC1R genotype risk group (average/higher) to receive mailed precision prevention (i.e., intervention) or generic prevention materials. Participants reported hours of weekday and weekend sun exposure, frequency of intentional outdoor tanning and sun protection behaviors, number of sunburns, indoor tanning episodes, and skin examinations at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months. Among MC1R higher-risk participants, the intervention increased the likelihood of often or always wearing a shirt with sleeves (OR = 1.49, p = 0.03) and seeking shade or using an umbrella (OR = 1.42, p = 0.046), and it decreased the number of sunburns among their young children (β = −0.13, p = 0.03). Intervention effects were not noted among MC1R average-risk participants. Moderation analyses identified intervention effects within subgroups in average-risk and higher-risk participants. Precision prevention information conveying MC1R testing results can increase the practice of some sun protection behaviors among at-risk individuals with limited melanoma risk phenotypes and may provide a cross-generational tool to counteract increasing incidence of melanoma.
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He R, Li Y. Media Exposure, Cancer Beliefs, and Cancer-Related Information-Seeking or Avoidance Behavior Patterns in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3130. [PMID: 33803594 PMCID: PMC8002949 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the relationships between media exposure, cancer beliefs, and cancer information-seeking or information-avoidance behaviors. Based on the planned risk information-seeking model and its extended framework, two predictive models were constructed: one for cancer information seeking and the other for cancer information avoidance. A structural equation modeling strategy was applied to survey data from China HINTS 2017 (n = 3090) to compare the impact of traditional mass media and social media exposure to cancer-related information on cancer information-seeking and information-avoidance behaviors. The study findings suggest that health-related information exposure through different media channels may generate distinctive information-seeking or information-avoidance behaviors based on various cancer beliefs. Additionally, the findings indicate that social media exposure to health-related and cancer curability beliefs does not lead to cancer information avoidance; both mass media and social media exposure encourage people to seek cancer-related information. Cancer fatalism is positively associated with cancer information-seeking and avoiding intentions, suggesting that negative cancer beliefs predict seemingly contradictory yet psychologically coherent information intentions and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Department of Journalism, School of Humanities, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 100 Wudong RD, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Yungeng Li
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
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Serçekuş P, Gencer H, Özkan S. Finding useful cancer information may reduce cancer information overload for Internet users. Health Info Libr J 2020; 37:319-328. [PMID: 32770732 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An excessive overload of information causes an ineffective management of information, stress and indefiniteness. Furthermore, this situation can prevent persons from learning and making conscious decisions. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the cancer information overload (CIO) and the factors related to it in adults who are Internet users. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 482 Internet users was conducted. The data were collected by using an Introductory Information Form and the Cancer Information Overload Scale. RESULTS It was found that the Internet was the most used information source (62.2%). The CIO of those with a university level education was found to be high (P = 0.012). It was found that the CIO of individuals who used the Internet (P = 0.031) and newspapers/magazines (P = 0.004) as sources of information was high compared with those who did not use these sources. It was determined from the information obtained that those who found the information to be beneficial and enough had a low CIO (P = 0.004, P = 0.00). CONCLUSION Health literacy around cancer information is challenging for frequent Internet users. Health professionals, information specialists and librarians should orient people to reliable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Serçekuş
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hatice Gencer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Özkan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Haney MO, Ordin YS, Arkan G. Skin Cancer-Sun Knowledge and Sun Protection Behaviors of Liver Transplant Recipients in Turkey. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:137-144. [PMID: 28887780 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare liver transplant recipients (LTRs) with the general population regarding their knowledge of skin cancer, sun health, sun protection behaviors, and affecting factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Turkey between March 2016 and September 2016 with 104 LTRs and 100 participants from the general population group (GPG). The mean age of the LTRs was 53.2 ± 11.8 and that of the GPG was 42.7 ± 14.5. The LTRs' skin cancer and sun knowledge were significantly lower than in the GPG, but there was no difference between the two groups in terms of their sun protection behavior scores. The most commonly used sun protection behaviors of LTRs were not being outside and not sunbathing between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., wearing clothing that covers the skin, and avoiding the solarium. Behaviors commonly practiced by the GPG were wearing sunglasses, wearing sunscreen with a sun protection factor of 15 or higher before going outside, wearing sunscreen at the beach, while swimming or doing physical activity outside, and reapplying it every 2 h. Results of our study will contribute to the development of education and training programs for LTRs on skin cancer. The results also demonstrated the importance of practicing adequate sun protection behaviors which will certainly impact their future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Ozturk Haney
- Public Health Nursing Department, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yaprak Sarigol Ordin
- Surgical Nursing Department, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulcihan Arkan
- Public Health Nursing Department, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
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Association between exposure to health information and mortality: Reduced mortality among women exposed to information via TV programs. Soc Sci Med 2019; 221:124-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Wang JZ, Le S, Alexanian C, Boddu S, Merleev A, Marusina A, Maverakis E. No Causal Link between Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibition and Melanoma. World J Mens Health 2018; 37:313-321. [PMID: 30350485 PMCID: PMC6704303 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the association between phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor use and melanoma by 1) conducting a systematic review of observational studies; and 2) determining if low PDE5A gene expression in human melanoma correlated with decreased overall survival. Materials and Methods A systematic search of observational studies examining the association between PDE5 inhibitor use and melanoma was performed through ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, and seven eligible studies were identified. PDE5A gene expression was analyzed with RNA sequencing data from 471 human melanoma samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Results Four studies reported a positive association between PDE5 inhibitor use and melanoma, and three studies found no correlation. RNA sequencing data analysis revealed that under-expression of the PDE5A gene did not impact clinical outcomes in melanoma. Conclusions There is currently no evidence to suggest that PDE5 inhibition in patients causes increased risk for melanoma. The few observational studies that demonstrated a positive association between PDE5 inhibitor use and melanoma often failed to account for major confounders. Nonetheless, the substantial evidence implicating PDE5 inhibition in the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-mediated melanoma pathway warrants further investigation in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Z Wang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Sucharita Boddu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Merleev
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alina Marusina
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Shen C, Wang MP, Wan A, Viswanath K, Chan SSC, Lam TH. Health information exposure from information and communication technologies and its associations with health behaviors: Population-based survey. Prev Med 2018; 113:140-146. [PMID: 29787775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Health information and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly used but little is known about routine exposure to health information from ICTs and its associations with health behaviors. A territory-wide population-based dual landline and mobile telephone survey was conducted in 2016 in Hong Kong, where smartphone ownership and Internet access are among the most prevalent, easiest and fastest in the world. Health information exposure from traditional sources (television/radio/newspaper/magazine), Internet websites, social media sites and instant messaging (IM); and information on smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity were recorded. Prevalence was weighted by age, sex and education level of the general population. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association of health information exposure with smoking and alcohol consumption, whilst multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association with frequency of moderate and vigorous physical activity (days/week). Of 3063 respondents, most (71.6%) were often or sometimes exposed to health information from traditional sources, followed by Internet websites (40.9%), social media sites (40.7%), and IM (27.0%). Respondents with lower education and household income were less frequently exposed to health information from Internet websites, social media sites and IM (all P < 0.001). Health information exposure from IM was associated with being never smokers, and more frequent moderate and vigorous physical activity (all P for trend <0.05). Health information exposure from IM was least frequent but associated with healthier behaviors. Further public health education campaigns can consider using IM to deliver information, particularly to disadvantaged groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Man Ping Wang
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Alice Wan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kasisomayajula Viswanath
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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18
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A content analysis of Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) strategies for communicating about clinical research participation online. J Clin Transl Sci 2018; 1:340-351. [PMID: 29707256 PMCID: PMC5915806 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2018.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a dearth of literature providing guidance on how to effectively communicate about clinical research (CR). Methods Using the transactional model of communication, a content analysis of the investigator (n=62) and participant (n=18) Web sites of institutions funded through the National Institutes of Health Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) was conducted to identify their strategies (e.g., messages) for communicating about CR participation. Results CTSAs targeted investigators with CR participation content across the main Web sites, although most CTSAs (n=55; 88.7%) also included CR participation content for participants. In total, 18 CTSAs (29%) hosted participant Web sites. Participant sites included 13 message types about CR participation (e.g., registry enrollment) and 5 additional channels (e.g., email, phone number) to communicate about CR. However, many CTSA participant Web sites excluded information explaining the CR process and offered CR content exclusively in English. Conclusion CTSAs should identify their target audience and design strategies (e.g., messages, channels) accordingly.
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19
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Quality of information on the Internet—has a decade made a difference? Ir J Med Sci 2018; 187:873-876. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Banerjee SC, D'Agostino TA, Gordon ML, Hay JL. "It's Not JUST Skin Cancer": Understanding Their Cancer Experience From Melanoma Survivor Narratives Shared Online. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 33:188-201. [PMID: 27982699 PMCID: PMC5474216 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1250707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer survivors narrate their experiences in unique ways, articulating different aspects of the cancer journey. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of cancer narratives that melanoma survivors share online in order to present the ways that survivors narrate their cancer experience, to identify survivors' motivations for sharing, and to better understand the ways in which survivors are impacted by and cope with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The sample consisted of 95 unique melanoma survivor narratives, accessed from the Melanoma Research Foundation in November 2015, that were inductively and deductively coded for key themes and subthemes. Emergent themes described different aspects of the melanoma experience during prediagnosis (identification of self-phenotype, searching for causes, suspicious findings, delay in diagnosis), diagnosis (communication of diagnosis, emotional responses), transition from diagnosis to beginning treatment (second opinion), treatment (positive reframing of attitude, proactive cancer management, side effects), and posttreatment phases (social support, vigilance behaviors posttreatment). Two themes that cut across all phases of the cancer journey included recognizing and dealing with uncertainty and survivors' motive for sharing narrative. These findings have implications for understanding how melanoma survivors may benefit personally from sharing their cancer experience online and for the potential for survivor narratives to motivate behavior change and facilitate coping among readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita C Banerjee
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Thomas A D'Agostino
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Mallorie L Gordon
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Jennifer L Hay
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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21
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Tang L, Park SE. Sun Exposure, Tanning Beds, and Herbs That Cure: An Examination of Skin Cancer on Pinterest. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 32:1192-1200. [PMID: 27588747 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1214223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Skin cancer is the most common cancer affecting the U.S. POPULATION Pinterest.com, a virtual bookmarking social media site, has the potential to disseminate skin cancer-related information among young women, the group with the fastest increase in skin cancer diagnosis. This article presents a quantitative content analysis of pins about skin cancer on Pinterest guided by agenda-setting theory and the health belief model. Overall, sun exposure and tanning beds were most frequently discussed as the causes of skin cancer, and alternative therapies such as herbal medicine were discussed more than traditional biomedical treatment or prevention. Highly repinned pins tend to include more information than regular pins. Different types of skin cancer (melanoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, and basal-cell carcinoma) received the same amount of coverage; however, pins about nonmelanoma skin cancer (such as squamous-cell carcinoma and basal-cell carcinoma) were often information-poor. They were less likely to include information on the causes, prevention, and the biomedical treatment of skin cancer and were less likely to include health belief constructs associated with the promotion of skin cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- a Department of Communication Studies , University of Alabama
| | - Sung-Eun Park
- b College of Communication and Information Sciences , University of Alabama
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22
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Rodríguez VM, Shuk E, Arniella G, González CJ, Gany F, Hamilton JG, Gold GS, Hay JL. A Qualitative Exploration of Latinos' Perceptions About Skin Cancer: the Role of Gender and Linguistic Acculturation. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2017; 32:438-446. [PMID: 26687207 PMCID: PMC4916022 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-015-0963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Latinos have the highest rate of skin cancers among U.S. minorities. Despite a rising incidence of melanoma-the deadliest form of skin cancer-and greater disease burden, Latinos tend to have poor awareness of skin cancer risk factors which may inhibit preventive action. We expanded on prior work by qualitatively examining potential moderators (i.e., gender, acculturation) of skin cancer perceptions among Latinos from El Barrio in Harlem, New York City. Four focus groups stratified by language (English/Spanish) and gender were conducted. Discussions were recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic analysis. Thirty-eight self-identified Latinos (32 % male) participated. Across groups, median age was 35 years; 50 % completed <high school degree, 82 % had annual incomes ≤$29,999, and 55 % were born in Mexico. Mean acculturation level was 8.5 (SD = 3.9, range = 4-20). Major themes included (1) knowledge of common skin cancer risk factors, (2) acknowledgment of personal risk although lighter-skin individuals are at greater risk, and (3) awareness of effective risk reduction methods, despite the presence of fatalistic beliefs. Compared to males, females discussed tanning norms and appearance-based factors, identified children as vulnerable, highlighted the benefits of sun exposure, and wanted more information. Few linguistic acculturation patterns were noted; English speakers questioned the carcinogenic effect of sunscreen and reported more skin cancer-related physician discussions than Spanish speakers. Despite generally low acculturation, Latinos correctly identified skin cancer risk factors and agreed that it is preventable with engagement in risk-reducing behaviors. Future educational interventions must capitalize upon and reinforce such beliefs and address fatalistic perceptions which may hinder prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Rodríguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
| | - Elyse Shuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Guedy Arniella
- Harlem Residency in Family Medicine, The Institute for Family Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Javier González
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Francesca Gany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Jada G Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Gold
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA
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Sugrue R, Carthy E, Kelly ME, Sweeney KJ. Science or popular media: What drives breast cancer online activity? Breast J 2017; 24:189-192. [PMID: 28744998 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Google Trends is reflective of international awareness. Since its launch in 2004, there have been several landmark publications, international awareness campaigns, and mainstream-media events that involve breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of landmark academic publications vs mainstream-media announcements in driving online breast cancer activity via Google Trends. Ten breast cancer-related themes or landmark publications (five academic publications and five media-related events) were used to compare the impact of online search activity. This activity was determined by retrospectively analyzing Google Trends data over a 12-year period (2004-2016) and calculating the relative search volume. Breast cancer searches showed a slight decrease in the twelve-year period. Since 2004, eight of top 10 Breast Cancer searches were in October. This coincides with breast cancer awareness month. The major five academic publications were all published in the New England Journal of Medicine or the Lancet. Interestingly, only one publication (Tailor-X trial) made the top 10 spikes in relative search volume. Academic publications as expected generate lower rates of public awareness and Internet searching. However, if academic publications are coupled with media releases, there is considerable potential for achieving increased public awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sugrue
- Department of Breast Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - Erica Carthy
- Department of Breast Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - M E Kelly
- Department of Breast Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karl J Sweeney
- Department of Breast Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
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24
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Hay JL, Berwick M, Zielaskowski K, White KA, Rodríguez VM, Robers E, Guest DD, Sussman A, Talamantes Y, Schwartz MR, Greb J, Bigney J, Kaphingst KA, Hunley K, Buller DB. Implementing an Internet-Delivered Skin Cancer Genetic Testing Intervention to Improve Sun Protection Behavior in a Diverse Population: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e52. [PMID: 28442450 PMCID: PMC5424125 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.7158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited translational genomic research currently exists to guide the availability, comprehension, and appropriate use of personalized genomics in diverse general population subgroups. Melanoma skin cancers are preventable, curable, common in the general population, and disproportionately increasing in Hispanics. Objective Variants in the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene are present in approximately 50% of the population, are major factors in determining sun sensitivity, and confer a 2-to-3-fold increase in melanoma risk in the general population, even in populations with darker skin. Therefore, feedback regarding MC1R risk status may raise risk awareness and protective behavior in the general population. Methods We are conducting a randomized controlled trial examining Internet presentation of the risks and benefits of personalized genomic testing for MC1R gene variants that are associated with increased melanoma risk. We will enroll a total of 885 participants (462 participants are currently enrolled), who will be randomized 6:1 to personalized genomic testing for melanoma risk versus waiting list control. Control participants will be offered testing after outcome assessments. Participants will be balanced across self-reported Hispanic versus non-Hispanic ethnicity (n=750 in personalized genomic testing for melanoma risk arm; n=135 in control arm), and will be recruited from a general population cohort in Albuquerque, New Mexico, which is subject to year-round sun exposure. Baseline surveys will be completed in-person with study staff and follow-up measures will be completed via telephone. Results Aim 1 of the trial will examine the personal utility of personalized genomic testing for melanoma risk in terms of short-term (3-month) sun protection and skin screening behaviors, family and physician communication, and melanoma threat and control beliefs (ie, putative mediators of behavior change). We will also examine potential unintended consequences of testing among those who receive average-risk personalized genomic testing for melanoma risk findings, and examine predictors of sun protection at 3 months as the outcome. These findings will be used to develop messages for groups that receive average-risk feedback. Aim 2 will compare rates of test consideration in Hispanics versus non-Hispanics, including consideration of testing pros and cons and registration of a decision to either accept or decline testing. Aim 3 will examine personalized genomic testing for melanoma risk feedback comprehension, recall, satisfaction, and cancer-related distress in those who undergo testing, and whether these outcomes differ by ethnicity (Hispanic vs non-Hispanic), or sociocultural or demographic factors. Final outcome data collection is anticipated to be complete by October 2017, at which point data analysis will commence. Conclusions This study has important implications for personalized genomics in the context of melanoma risk, and may be broadly applicable as a model for delivery of personalized genomic feedback for other health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hay
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Kate Zielaskowski
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Erika Robers
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | | | - Andrew Sussman
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | | | | | - Jennie Greb
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jessica Bigney
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | | | - Keith Hunley
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Miyawaki R, Shibata A, Ishii K, Oka K. News Coverage of Cancer in Japanese Newspapers: A Content Analysis. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 32:420-426. [PMID: 27315217 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1138391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Newspapers could provide effective and comprehensive information about cancer to the public. The present study conducted a content analysis of cancer-related articles in Japanese newspapers published in 2011. In total, 5,314 articles were identified and subsequently coded. Coding variables included cancer type, the cancer continuum, and topic of articles mentioning cancer. Approximately half mentioned at least one specific type of cancer, with the focus mostly on lung, leukemia, and breast. Stomach and colon cancers, which have the highest morbidity, were relatively underreported. The continuum received little attention, and was mentioned in only 11% of articles. Treatment was the most frequently mentioned part of the continuum, with prevention and screening mentioned only rarely. The most frequently mentioned topic was social issues. The findings suggest that cancer-related articles were found regularly throughout the year, meaning that they might be one of the most important sources of cancer information. However, they are affected by social issues and there were some imbalances in both cancer type and continuum. Considering the influence of newspapers, it would be helpful for providing more effective and accurate information to the public if Japanese newspapers increased mentions of specific types of common cancers and the cancer continuum, especially prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai Shibata
- b Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences , University of Tsukuba
| | - Kaori Ishii
- a Faculty of Sport Sciences , Waseda University
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26
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Ishikawa Y, Kondo N, Kawachi I, Viswanath K. Are socioeconomic disparities in health behavior mediated by differential media use? Test of the communication inequality theory. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2016; 99:1803-1807. [PMID: 27349600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Communication inequality has been offered as one potential mechanism through which social determinants influence multiple health behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying mechanisms between communication inequality and health behaviors. METHODS Data from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 18,426 people aged 18 years and above in the United States were used for secondary analysis. Measures included socio-demographic characteristics, social participation (structural social capital), health media use (TV, print, and the Internet), and five health behaviors (physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and intake of fruit and vegetable). Path analysis was performed to examine the linkages between social determinants, health media use, social participation, and social gradients in health behaviors. RESULTS Path analysis revealed that socioeconomic gradients in health behaviors is mediated by: 1) inequalities in health media use; 2) disparities in social participation, which leads to differential media use; and 3) disparities in social participation that are not mediated by media use. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with the theory of communication inequality, socioeconomic disparities in media use partially mediate disparities in multiple health behaviors. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS To address health inequalities, it is important to utilize health media to target populations with low socioeconomic statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ishikawa
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Cancer Scan, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kasisomayajula Viswanath
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Wigfall LT, Friedman DB. Cancer Information Seeking and Cancer-Related Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review of the Health Information National Trends Survey Literature. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2016; 21:989-1005. [PMID: 27466828 PMCID: PMC6064213 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2016.1184358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death among adults in the United States. Only 54% of U.S. adults reported seeking cancer information in 2014. Cancer information seeking has been positively associated with cancer-related health outcomes such as screening adherence. We conducted a scoping review of studies that used data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) in order to examine cancer information seeking in depth and the relationship between cancer information seeking and cancer-related health outcomes. We searched five databases and the HINTS website. The search yielded a total of 274 article titles. After review of 114 de-duplicated titles, 66 abstracts, and 50 articles, 22 studies met inclusion criteria. Cancer information seeking was the outcome in only four studies. The other 18 studies focused on a cancer-related health outcome. Cancer beliefs, health knowledge, and information seeking experience were positive predictors of cancer information seeking. Cancer-related awareness, knowledge, beliefs, preventive behaviors, and screening adherence were higher among cancer information seekers. Results from this review can inform other research study designs and primary data collection focused on specific cancer sites or aimed at populations not represented or underrepresented in the HINTS data (e.g., minority populations, those with lower socioeconomic status).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa T. Wigfall
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health
- Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health
| | - Daniela B. Friedman
- Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health
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28
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Melanoma Disparities among US Hispanics: Use of the Social Ecological Model to Contextualize Reasons for Inequitable Outcomes and Frame a Research Agenda. J Skin Cancer 2016; 2016:4635740. [PMID: 27651954 PMCID: PMC5019891 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4635740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a significant public health concern, accounting for thousands of deaths annually in the US. Early detection and diagnosis are critical given the poor prognosis and limited treatment options of advanced-stage disease. While non-Hispanic whites have higher incidence rates of melanoma, Hispanics are typically diagnosed at later disease stages and suffer higher morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is a paucity of literature investigating the root causes underlying these trends among Hispanics. Given that Hispanics are the most rapidly expanding demographic segment in the US, it is essential for cancer control efforts to elucidate the major determinants of their poor melanoma outcomes. Herein, we use the social ecological model as a framework to explore the multitude of influences on melanoma disparities among Hispanics and provide recommendations for planning future studies and interventions.
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29
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McLeod GFH, Reeder AI, Gray AR, McGee R. Predictors of sunburn among a NZ urban population in a cross-sectional survey series (1999 to 2006). Aust N Z J Public Health 2016; 40:290-1. [PMID: 27242254 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony I Reeder
- Cancer Society Social & Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, University of Otago School of Medicine, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R Gray
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, University of Otago School of Medicine, New Zealand
| | - Rob McGee
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, University of Otago School of Medicine, New Zealand
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Moyo S. Men's knowledge about prostate cancer: a case study of rural Mhondoro-Ngezi, Kadoma District, Zimbabwe. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [PMID: 28111857 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Men in Zimbabwe, like elsewhere in the world, suffer from prostate cancer. Yet ironically, men's awareness of the disease and comprehensive knowledge about the signs and symptoms, screening methods and the age groups predisposed to the risk of the diseases has remained poorly understood. Utilising a survey of 500 men aged between 15 and 79 years, 12 key informant interviews and seven focus group discussions in Mhondoro-Ngezi, the study established that men's awareness and comprehensive knowledge about prostate cancer is very low and marred with misconceptions. Informal sources of communication, especially friends, continue to be the major sources of information about prostate cancer, while formal sources are passive. The aforementioned findings imply that playmakers in the health delivery programmes have an overdue responsibility to rescue men from the catastrophic trap so that they freely enjoy their rights to good health. There is also need for accelerated information, education and communication regarding male reproductive cancers to cater for the future welfare of men given that they are drivers of national economies in their various capacities. Failure to do so would mean that men's reproductive health-seeking behaviour regarding early screening and treatment of prostate cancer will forever remain compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moyo
- Centre for Population Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Køster B, Thorgaard C, Philip A, Clemmensen H. Sunbed use and campaign initiatives in the Danish population, 2007-2009: a cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 25:1351-5. [PMID: 21711466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Denmark has experienced an increase in melanoma incidence since the 1960s. In 2007, a skin cancer prevention campaign was launched, one of the targets being the widespread use of sunbeds in Denmark. The antisunbed campaign comprised public affairs initiatives and campaign activities, which included the social media, with young people as the main target. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the development in sunbed use after the start of the campaign in the period 2007-2009. METHODS A population-based sample of 14,514 respondents aged 15-59 years completed four questionnaires in 2007-2009 on artificial exposure to ultraviolet radiation. We examined the relations between sunbed use, time and demographic factors using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The odds ratio (OR) for being a sunbed user in 2009 when compared with 2007 was 0.61 (0.54-0.69); in the age group of 15-19 years, the OR was 0.42 (0.30-0.69). In 2009, however, 23% of Danes (33% of 15-19-year-olds) still reported sunbed use within the past 12 months, and more than 50% had experienced sunburn caused by a sunbed. In 2009, the majority of the population, including the age group of 15-19 years, was in favour of restricting admission to sunbed parlours for children under 18 years. CONCLUSIONS Sunbed use in Denmark decreased concurrently with the campaign activities, with the largest change in the youngest age group, which was a prioritized target of the campaign. Results suggest that a legislative solution should be found to avoid exposure of a large proportion of children to ultraviolet radiation and to reduce future melanoma incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Køster
- Department of Prevention and Documentation, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden, Copenhagen, Denmark
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McWhirter JE, Hoffman-Goetz L. Application of the Health Belief Model to U.S. Magazine Text and Image Coverage of Skin Cancer and Recreational Tanning (2000-2012). JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2016; 21:424-438. [PMID: 26940663 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1095819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The health belief model (HBM) has been widely used to inform health education, social marketing, and health communication campaigns. Although the HBM can explain and predict an individual's willingness to engage in positive health behaviors, its application to, and penetration of the underlying constructs into, mass media content has not been well characterized. We examined 574 articles and 905 images about skin cancer and tanning risks, behaviors, and screening from 20 U.S. women's and men's magazines (2000-2012) for the presence of HBM constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Susceptibility (48.1%) and severity (60.3%) information was common in text. Perceived benefits (36.4%) and barriers (41.5%) to prevention of skin cancer were fairly equally mentioned in articles. Self-efficacy (48.4%) focused on sunscreen use. There was little emphasis on HBM constructs related to early detection. Few explicit cues to action about skin cancer appeared in text (12.0%) or images (0.1%). HBM constructs were present to a significantly greater extent in text versus images (e.g., severity, 60.3% vs. 11.3%, respectively, χ(2) = 399.51, p < .0001; benefits prevention, 36.4% vs. 8.0%, respectively, χ(2) = 184.80, p < .0001), suggesting that readers are not visually messaged in ways that would effectively promote skin cancer prevention and early detection behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E McWhirter
- a School of Public Health and Health Systems , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
| | - Laurie Hoffman-Goetz
- a School of Public Health and Health Systems , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
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Davis NF, Gnanappiragasam S, Thornhill JA. Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome: the influence of modern diagnostic criteria on epidemiology and on Internet search activity by the public. Transl Androl Urol 2016; 4:506-11. [PMID: 26816850 PMCID: PMC4708563 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2015.06.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic debilitating condition that is characterised by suprapubic pain and urinary symptoms such as urgency, nocturia and urinary frequency. The prevalence of the condition is increasing due to more inclusive diagnostic criteria. Herein, we review the evolving epidemiology of IC/PBS and investigate health seeking behaviour for the condition through Internet search activity. Study selection was performed in accordance with PRISMA. In addition, global search trends for the terms ‘Interstitial Cystitis’ and ‘Painful Bladder Syndrome’ from 2005 to 2015 were also evaluated using the ‘Google Trends’ search application. The mean search activity per month was recorded and mean activity at annual intervals calculated. Regional search activity by country and city was also measured. Prevalence rates for IC/PBS vary according to diagnostic criteria and range from 2% to 17.3% among the general population. Increased prevalence is associated with female gender and females with one first-degree relative affected. There has been an increase in global mean search activity for IC/PBS on an annual basis since 2005. The greatest increase in search activity was in USA, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland and India respectively. The top five cities for search activity for IC/PBS were in the USA. As diagnostic criteria for IC/PBS continues to become more inclusive it is likely that the prevalence will continue to increase. This is particularly true for the USA and Canada as these regions have demonstrated the greatest increase in Internet search activity for IC/ PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall F Davis
- Department of Urology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Antonov D, Hollunder M, Schliemann S, Elsner P. Ultraviolet Exposure and Protection Behavior in the General Population: A Structured Interview Survey. Dermatology 2015; 232:11-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000440698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Lagerlund M, Hvidberg L, Hajdarevic S, Fischer Pedersen A, Runesdotter S, Vedsted P, Tishelman C. Awareness of risk factors for cancer: a comparative study of Sweden and Denmark. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1156. [PMID: 26596679 PMCID: PMC4655457 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sweden and Denmark are neighbouring countries with similarities in culture, healthcare, and economics, yet notable differences in cancer statistics. A crucial component of primary prevention is high awareness of risk factors in the general public. We aimed to determine and compare awareness of risk factors for cancer between a Danish and a Swedish population sample, and to examine whether there are differences in awareness across age groups. Methods Data derive from Module 2 of the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership. Telephone interviews were conducted with 3000 adults in Denmark and 3070 in Sweden using the Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer measure. Data reported here relate to awareness of 13 prompted risk factors for cancer. Prevalence ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were calculated to examine associations between country, age, and awareness of risk factors. Results Over 90 % of respondents in both countries recognized smoking, use of sunbeds and ionizing radiation as risk factors for cancer. Lowest awareness (<50 %) was found for HPV-infection, low fruit and vegetable intake and alcohol intake. Swedish respondents reported higher awareness than Danish respondents for ten of the 13 risk factors studied. Respondents from Denmark reported higher awareness only regarding low fruit and vegetable intake and use of sunbeds. Low physical activity was the only risk factor for which there was no difference in awareness between the countries. A decline in awareness was generally seen with increasing age in both countries, but deviating patterns were seen for alcohol intake, red/processed meat, obesity and age 70+. Conclusions This study supports findings from other European studies that generally demonstrate modest public awareness of many established cancer risk factors. Efforts should be made to improve awareness of the cancer risk factors HPV-infection, low fruit and vegetable intake and alcohol intake, which showed particularly low awareness in both countries. Previous studies indicate that repeated, broad campaigns are successful, and suggest that a multimedia approach is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Lagerlund
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Line Hvidberg
- Research Centre for Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care (CaP), Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Section for General Medical Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Anette Fischer Pedersen
- Research Centre for Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care (CaP), Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Sara Runesdotter
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Peter Vedsted
- Research Centre for Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care (CaP), Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Carol Tishelman
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden. .,Innovation Centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Potential role of reduced environmental UV exposure as a driver of the current epidemic of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1163-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Day AK, Stapleton JL, Natale-Pereira AM, Goydos JS, Coups EJ. Occupational sunscreen use among US Hispanic outdoor workers. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:578. [PMID: 26477041 PMCID: PMC4609133 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is a risk factor for skin cancer, and Hispanic individuals are over-represented in a number of outdoor occupations (e.g., farming, landscaping). This study examined predictors of occupational sunscreen use in a group of US Hispanic adults who work outdoors. Results A population-based sample of outdoor workers (n = 149, 85 % male) completed survey measures regarding their demographics, melanoma risk, perceived skin cancer risk, skin cancer knowledge, and their occupational sunscreen use. Sixty-nine percent of the sample reported never or rarely wearing sunscreen while working outdoors. Being female (p = .02), having a higher level of education (p = .03), and residing at a higher latitude (p = .04) were associated with more frequent sunscreen use. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of interventions to promote sun protection behaviors among US Hispanic outdoor workers, and identifies potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Day
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, North Tce Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Jerod L Stapleton
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Ana M Natale-Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - James S Goydos
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Elliot J Coups
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Reinau D, Meier CR, Blumenthal R, Surber C. Skin Cancer Prevention, Tanning and Vitamin D: A Content Analysis of Print Media in Germany and Switzerland. Dermatology 2015; 232:2-10. [PMID: 26278913 DOI: 10.1159/000435913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Print media are a major source of health information. OBJECTIVES To analyse press coverage related to skin cancer prevention. METHODS We conducted a content analysis of print media articles pertaining to skin cancer prevention, solaria and vitamin D published in Germany and Switzerland over a 1-year period between 2012 and 2013. RESULTS Overall, 2,103 articles were analysed. Applying sunscreen was by far the most common sun protection recommendation. A considerable number of articles on solaria and vitamin D advocated exposure to ultraviolet radiation to enhance physical appearance and vitamin D photosynthesis, often without mentioning any precaution measures. In total, 26.8% of the articles contained misleading or erroneous statements mostly related to sunscreen use and vitamin D issues. CONCLUSIONS Print media can serve as powerful education tools to foster skin cancer prevention. However, misleading or erroneous reports may negatively impact sun-safe behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Reinau
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Szabó C, Ócsai H, Csabai M, Kemény L. A randomised trial to demonstrate the effectiveness of electronic messages on sun protection behaviours. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 149:257-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Harvey VM, Patel H, Sandhu S, Wallington SF, Hinds G. Social determinants of racial and ethnic disparities in cutaneous melanoma outcomes. Cancer Control 2015; 21:343-9. [PMID: 25310216 DOI: 10.1177/107327481402100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article sought to elucidate how aspects of poverty and culture may contribute to race- and ethnicity-based disparities in cutaneous melanoma outcomes. METHODS We identified published studies addressing the social determinants of melanoma. Selected review articles included US-based studies comprised of patients representing adults, children, and adolescents. RESULTS African Americans and Hispanics diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma are more likely to present with more advanced stages of disease at diagnosis and have higher rates of mortality than their nonminority counterparts. These disparities may be a consequence of economic, social, and cultural barriers such as low income, public forms of health insurance, lower levels of education, lower levels of melanoma awareness and knowledge, and lower rates of participation in melanoma screening. No studies in the literature examined the potential impact of social injustice, English proficiency, immigrant status, and health literacy. CONCLUSIONS Substantial gaps exist in our knowledge of the pathways linking social determinants and race- and ethnicity-based disparities in melanoma. More studies are warranted to inform the development of effective interventions aimed at narrowing inequities and improving cutaneous melanoma outcomes among minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie M Harvey
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
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Yan S, Xu F, Yang C, Li F, Fan J, Wang L, Cai M, Zhu J, Kan H, Xu J. Demographic differences in sun protection beliefs and behavior: a community-based study in Shanghai, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:3232-45. [PMID: 25794187 PMCID: PMC4377961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120303232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We want to know the attitudes and behaviors towards UV protection and we want to analyze the difference between different Chinese demographic groups in this study. Methods: A community-based study was undertaken in Shanghai from October 2009 to January 2010. The participants, ages 20–60 years old, were screened by cluster sampling and were investigated through interviews at their own homes. Personal basic information and questions pertaining to their knowledge and attitudes towards sunlight and sun protective activities were included in the questionnaire. Results: We completed 5964 questionnaires (2794 men and 3170 women). Eighty-six percent of the respondents belonged to Fitzpatrick skin type IV. Knowledge about UV-induced risks was known by more than half of the participants. However, only one-third of the participants thought they needed sun protection in winter and indoors or in vehicles, and 27% of the participants acknowledged tanning was not favorable. The attitudes towards sun exposure varied greatly, showing significant differences based on gender, age, socioeconomic groups and skin type groups (p < 0.05). Fifty-five percent of the participants never use an umbrella under sunlight, only 26.5% of the respondents wear hats, and 21.3% of the participants applied sunscreen. Females and individuals of a younger age and higher education level were more likely to perform sun-protective behaviors than males and those of an older age and lower education level (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There is a deficit in the use of sun protection existing in our surveyed Chinese population, especially in males and lower socioeconomic population, which could allow for planning prevention campaigns and exploring sun-preventive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Chunxue Yang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Linggao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Suzhou First Hospital, Anhui 234000, China.
| | - Minqiang Cai
- Xinjing Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 200335, China.
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Xinjing Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 200335, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Miyawaki R, Shibata A, Ishii K, Oka K. Obtaining information about cancer: prevalence and preferences among Japanese adults. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:145. [PMID: 25884657 PMCID: PMC4339012 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Providing information about cancer prevention might increase awareness of prevention and promote preventive behaviours. A better understanding about the prevalence and preferences of obtaining information about cancer might help to identify targeted individuals and design effective strategies for promoting cancer-preventive behaviours. Thus, the present study examined the prevalence and correlates of obtaining information about cancer among Japanese adults, and described preferences including source and content. Methods Data were analysed for 3,058 Japanese adults (mean age 45.0 ± 13.4 years) who responded to an Internet-based cross-sectional survey. The data included whether information about cancer had been obtained, sources, preference for content, sociodemographic variables, health status, and cancer histories. Force-entry logistic regression analysis was used. Results Overall, 46.7% of respondents had obtained information about cancer. Gender, age, and education level were statistically significant correlates of doing so. Women were more likely to obtain information (OR = 1.97) as were older age groups (40–49: OR = 1.54, 50–59: OR = 2.27, 60–69: OR = 3.83), those with higher education (2 years college or equivalent degree: OR = 1.31, college graduate or higher: OR = 1.48) and those with having cancer histories (personal: OR = 3.52, family: OR = 1.57, friends/co-worker: OR = 2.09). The most prevalent source of information about cancer was mass media. Content of prevention is most needed among inconsistent contents with the frequently obtained contents. Conclusions Less than half of the respondents information about cancer. The finding suggests that better health communication strategies would be necessary to inform Japanese people about cancer. Understanding which subgroups were less likely to obtain information and preferences of information might be effective in promoting cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Miyawaki
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
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Lyu SY, Chen RY, Tsai LT, Wang SFS, Lo FE, Chi YC, Morisky DE. Female media use behavior and agreement with publicly promoted agenda-specific health messages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:12532-43. [PMID: 25473941 PMCID: PMC4276629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111212532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study set out to explore the relationship between female media use behavior and agreement with agenda-specific publicly promoted health messages. A random digit dial telephone cross-sectional survey was conducted using a nationally representative sample of female residents aged 25 and over. Respondents' agreement with health messages was measured by a six-item Health Information Scale (HIS). Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. This survey achieved a response rate of 86% (n = 1074). In this study the longest duration of daily television news watching (OR = 2.32), high self-efficacy (OR = 1.56), and greater attention to medical and health news (OR = 5.41) were all correlates of greater agreement with the selected health messages. Surprisingly, Internet use was not significant in the final model. Many women that public health interventions need to be targeting are not receptive to health information that can be accessed through Internet searches. However, they may be more readily targeted by television campaigns. Agenda-specific public health campaigns aiming to empower women to serve as nodes of information transmission and achieve efficient trickle down through the family unit might do better to invest more heavily in television promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Lyu
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ruey-Yu Chen
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Ting Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Educational Information and Measurement, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung 40306, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Fan Steve Wang
- Department of Journalism, College of Communication, National Chengchi University, Taipei 11605, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-En Lo
- Department of Leisure and Recreation Management, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chen Chi
- Department of Education & Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan.
| | - Donald E Morisky
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Tyler KH, Zirwas MJ. Is decreased ultraviolet exposure during childhood the cause of the increased prevalence of atopic dermatitis? THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2014; 7:38-39. [PMID: 25489382 PMCID: PMC4255698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a recent accumulation of data suggesting that decreased exposure to ultraviolet light in childhood could be a major factor contributing to the increasing rates of atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents. It would be worthwhile to study the relationship between vigilant sun protective behaviors in children and the incidence of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly H Tyler
- The Ohio State University, Division of Dermatology, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew J Zirwas
- The Ohio State University, Division of Dermatology, Columbus, Ohio
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Harada K, Shibata A, Lee E, Oka K, Nakamura Y. Sources of strength-training information and strength-training behavior among Japanese older adults. Health Promot Int 2014; 31:5-12. [PMID: 24997193 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dau052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The promotion of strength training is now recognized as an important component of public health initiatives for older adults. To develop successful communication strategies to increase strength-training behavior among older adults, the identification of effective communication channels to reach older adults is necessary. This study aimed to identify the information sources about strength training that were associated with strength-training behaviors among Japanese older adults. The participants were 1144 adults (60-74 years old) randomly sampled from the registry of residential addresses. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted. The independent variables were sources of strength-training information (healthcare providers, friends, families, radio, television, newspapers, newsletters, posters, books, magazines, booklets, the Internet, lectures, other sources), and the dependent variable was regular strength-training behavior. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential relationships. After adjusting for demographic factors and all other information sources, strength-training information from healthcare providers, friends, books and the Internet were positively related to regular strength-training behavior. The findings of the present study contribute to a better understanding of strength-training behavior and the means of successful communication directed at increasing strength training among older adults. The results suggest that healthcare providers, friends, books and the Internet are effective methods of communication for increasing strength-training behaviors among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Harada
- Section for Motor Function Activation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Gengo, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Euna Lee
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nakamura
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
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Basch CH, Ethan D, Hillyer GC, Berdnik A. Skin cancer prevention coverage in popular US women's health and fitness magazines: an analysis of advertisements and articles. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 6:42-8. [PMID: 24999136 PMCID: PMC4825453 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n4p42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The desire to be tan is a phenomenon that public health researchers have investigated, as exposure to UV radiation increases the chances of developing skin cancer. Media messages in women’s magazines have been shown to contribute to this problem. Much less is known about the prevalence of skin cancer prevention messages in these magazines. This study’s aim was to identify the number and type of articles and advertised products devoted to skin health (sun protection and skin cancer prevention in particular) within five popular U.S. greater than women’s health and fitness magazines. We analyzed articles and advertisements over seven months of issues of the following popular women’s health and fitness magazines: Fitness, Health, Self, Shape, and Women’s Health, March 2013 through September 2013. Overall, 31 issues of the five magazines with a total of 780 articles and 1,986 advertisements were analyzed. Of the 780 articles, a mere 2.9% (n=23) were devoted to skin. Of the 258 skin product advertisements, less than 20% of the products contained sun protection factor (SPF). These findings suggest that women’s health and fitness magazines can improve their efforts in informing women of skin cancer risks and preventive measures to minimize these risks. The role of these magazines in building health literacy among their readers is also discussed.
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Warren E, Footman K, Tinelli M, McKee M, Knai C. Do cancer-specific websites meet patient's information needs? PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2014; 95:126-136. [PMID: 24447523 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate commonly used cancer websites' information provision, we developed and applied an Information Comprehensiveness Tool to breast and prostate cancer websites. METHODS We first collated questions from a systematic literature review on patient information needs. We then classified the questions in terms of spectrum of care, theme, and nature of question. "Breast cancer" and "prostate cancer" were typed into Google, and websites listed on the first page of results were selected. Two researchers, blind to each others' scores, assessed the same websites using the coding system. Each question was scored on a 3-point scale as not (0%), partially (50%) and fully (100%) answered by two researchers. Average scores were calculated across all questions. Inter-rater reliability was assessed. RESULTS We identified 79 general, 5 breast, and 5 prostate cancer questions. Inter-rater reliability was good, with an intraclass coefficient of 0.756 (95% CIs 0.729-0.781). 17 questions were not answered thoroughly by any website. Questions about "future planning", "monitoring", and "decision-making" were discussed least. Biomedical questions scored highest. CONCLUSIONS More comprehensive information needs to be provided on breast and prostate cancer websites. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This ICT can improve cancer information online and enable patients to engage more actively regarding their information needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Warren
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Katharine Footman
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Michela Tinelli
- LSE Health and Social Care, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK.
| | - Martin McKee
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Cécile Knai
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
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48
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King L, Tulandi T, Whitley R, Constantinescu T, Ells C, Zelkowitz P. What's the message? A content analysis of newspaper articles about assisted reproductive technology from 2005 to 2011. HUM FERTIL 2014; 17:124-32. [DOI: 10.3109/14647273.2014.895427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lovejoy J, Riffe D, Lovejoy TI. An examination of direct and indirect effects of exposure and attention to health media on intentions to avoid unprotected sun exposure. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2014; 30:261-270. [PMID: 24597527 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2013.842526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States, accounting for more than 2 million diagnoses and more than 9,000 deaths annually. A regional online survey of students enrolled at institutions of higher education (N = 1,251) examined (a) associations between health media use and intentions to avoid unprotected sun exposure and (b) theoretically derived health behavior constructs that may mediate the relationship between media use and individuals' decisions to avoid unprotected sun exposure. Individuals with greater exposure and attention to health information in television, magazines, and newspapers had higher intentions to avoid unprotected sun exposure. Multiple mediation models indicated that health behavior constructs collectively mediated the relationship between television use and sun-protective behavioral intentions. Both cumulative and specific indirect mediating effects were observed for the relationship between magazine use and sun-protective behavioral intentions. However, the direction of effects was opposite to the hypothesized direction, due primarily to the association of magazine use with less favorable attitudes about sun protection and reduced behavioral control to avoid unprotected sun exposure. This study provides preliminary evidence for the interrelationships among media use, internal psychological states and cognitions, and health behavior decision making. Future studies should further explicate the mediating processes that account for the relationships between media and health behavior.
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50
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Coups EJ, Stapleton JL, Manne SL, Hudson SV, Medina-Forrester A, Rosenberg SA, Gordon M, Tatum KS, Robinson JK, Natale-Pereira A, Goydos JS. Psychosocial correlates of sun protection behaviors among U.S. Hispanic adults. J Behav Med 2014; 37:1082-90. [PMID: 24532153 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-014-9558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of skin cancer among U.S. Hispanics increased 1.3% annually from 1992 to 2008. However, little research has focused on skin cancer prevention among the rapidly growing Hispanic population. In this study, we examined theory-driven, psychosocial correlates of sun protection behaviors in a population-based sample of 787 Hispanic adults (49.6% female, mean age = 41.0 years) residing in five southern or western U.S. states. Participants completed an English- or Spanish-language online survey in September 2011. The outcomes of focus were sunscreen use, shade seeking, and use of sun protective clothing. The correlates included suntan benefits, sun protection benefits and barriers, skin color preference, perceived natural skin protection, photo-aging concerns, perceived skin cancer risk, skin cancer worry, skin cancer fatalism, and sun protection descriptive norms. Results of multiple linear regression analyses revealed the following: sun protection barriers were negatively associated with each outcome; descriptive norms were positively associated with each outcome; perceived natural skin protection was inversely associated with sunscreen use; skin cancer worry was positively associated with shade seeking and use of sun protective clothing; skin cancer fatalism was negatively associated with shade seeking; and skin color preference was negatively associated with use of sun protective clothing. A number of additional statistically significant associations were identified in bivariate correlation analyses. This study informs the potential content of interventions to promote engagement in sun protection behaviors among U.S. Hispanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Coups
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA,
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