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Jing F, Zhao M, Xiong H, Zeng X, Jiang J, Li T. Mechanisms underlying targeted mitochondrial therapy for programmed cardiac cell death. Front Physiol 2025; 16:1548194. [PMID: 40292006 PMCID: PMC12021874 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1548194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases are common clinical diseases, such as cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, hypertension and arrhythmia. Globally, the incidence rate and mortality of heart diseases are increasing by years. The main mechanism of heart disease is related to the cellular state. Mitochondrion is the organ of cellular energy supply, participating in various signal transduction pathways and playing a vital role in the occurrence and development of heart disease. This review summarizes the cell death patterns and molecular mechanisms associated with heart disease and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Jing
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hemin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- School of Continuing Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Liu DH, Li F, Yang RZ, Wu Z, Meng XY, Li SM, Li WX, Li JK, Wang DD, Wang RY, Li SA, Liu PP, Kang JS. Pulmonary mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in Lethal Stx12 knockout mice. Cell Commun Signal 2025; 23:174. [PMID: 40200300 PMCID: PMC11980072 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-025-02141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
STX12 (syntaxin12 or syntaxin13), a member of the SNARE protein family, plays a crucial role in intracellular vesicle transport and membrane fusion. Our previous research demonstrated that Stx12 knockout mice exhibit perinatal lethality with iron deficiency anemia. Despite its importance, the comprehensive physiological and pathological mechanism of STX12 remains largely unknown. Here, we revealed that STX12 deficiency causes the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential in zebrafish embryos and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Additionally, the loss of STX12 decreased the levels of mitochondrial complex subunits, accompanied by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release and activated cGAS-STING pathway and Type I interferon pathway in the lung tissue of Stx12-/- mice. Additionally, we observed a substantial increase in cytokines and neutrophil infiltration within the lung tissues of Stx12 knockout mice, indicating severe inflammation, which could be a contributing factor for Stx12-/- mortality. Various interventions have failed to rescue the lethal phenotype, suggesting that systemic effects may contribute to lethality. Further research is warranted to elucidate potential intervention strategies. Overall, our findings uncover the critical role of STX12 in maintaining mitochondrial function and mtDNA stability in pulmonary cells, and reveal that STX12 depletion results in pulmonary mtDNA release and activates mtDNA-dependent innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Hua Liu
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Run-Zhou Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuanbin Wu
- Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Meng
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen-Miao Li
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Li
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Kang Li
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dian-Dian Wang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Yu Wang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ang Li
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei-Pei Liu
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Kang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- The First Clinical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Wu M, Chen Z, Zhu J, Lin J, Wu NN, Han X, Wang M, Reiter RJ, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Ren J. Ablation of Akt2 rescues chronic caloric restriction-provoked myocardial remodeling and dysfunction through a CDK1-mediated regulation of mitophagy. Life Sci 2024; 356:123021. [PMID: 39209249 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Chronic caloric restriction triggers unfavorable alterations in cardiac function albeit responsible scenarios remain unclear. This work evaluated the possible involvement of Akt2 in caloric restriction-evoked cardiac geometric and functional changes and responsible processes focusing on autophagy and mitophagy. Akt2 knockout and WT mice were subjected to caloric restriction for 30 weeks prior to assessment of myocardial homeostasis. Caloric restriction compromised echocardiographic parameters (decreased LV wall thickness, LVEDD, stroke volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and LV mass), cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca2+ capacity, myocardial atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and mitochondrial injury associated with elevated blood glucocorticoids, autophagy (LC3B, p62, Atg7, Beclin-1), and mitophagy (Pink1, Parkin, TOM20), dampened cardiac ATP levels, mitochondrial protein PGC1α and UCP2, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2, intracellular Ca2+ governing components Na+-Ca2+ exchanger, phosphorylation of SERCA2a, mTOR (Ser2481) and ULK1 (Ser757), and upregulated Bax, phospholamban, phosphorylation of Akt2, AMPK, and ULK1 (Ser555), the responses except autophagy markers (Beclin-1, Atg7), phosphorylation of AMPK, mTOR and ULK1 were negated by Akt2 ablation. Levels of CDK1 and DRP1 phosphorylation were overtly upregulated with caloric restriction, the response was reversed by Akt2 knockout. Caloric restriction-evoked changes in cardiac remodeling and cardiomyocyte function were alleviated by glucocorticoid receptor antagonism, Parkin ablation and Mdivi-1. In vitro experiment indicated that serum deprivation or glucocorticoids evoked GFP-LC3B accumulation and cardiomyocyte dysfunction, which was negated by inhibition of Akt2, CDK1 or DRP1, whereas mitophagy induction reversed Akt2 ablation-evoked cardioprotection. These observations favor a protective role of Akt2 ablation in sustained caloric restriction-evoked cardiac pathological changes via correction of glucocorticoid-induced mitophagy defect in a CDK1-DRP1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Province People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 519041, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Province People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 519041, China
| | - Jiade Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Province People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 519041, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuefeng Han
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yijin Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Province People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 519041, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Zhang X, Shi S, Du Y, Chai R, Guo Z, Duan C, Wang H, Hu Y, Chang X, Du B. Shaping cardiac destiny: the role of post-translational modifications on endoplasmic reticulum - mitochondria crosstalk in cardiac remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1423356. [PMID: 39464632 PMCID: PMC11502351 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1423356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is a shared pathological change in most cardiovascular diseases. Encompassing both adaptive physiological responses and decompensated pathological changes. Anatomically, atrial remodeling is primarily caused by atrial fibrillation, whereas ventricular remodeling is typically induced by myocardial infarction, hypertension, or cardiomyopathy. Mitochondria, the powerhouse of cardiomyocytes, collaborate with other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum to control a variety of pathophysiological processes such as calcium signaling, lipid transfer, mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and mitophagy. This mechanism is proven to be essential for cardiac remodeling. Post-translational modifications can regulate intracellular signaling pathways, gene expression, and cellular stress responses in cardiac cells by modulating protein function, stability, and interactions, consequently shaping the myocardial response to injury and stress. These modifications, in particular phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, are essential for the regulation of the complex molecular pathways that underlie cardiac remodeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria during cardiac remodeling, focusing on the regulatory effects of various post-translational modifications on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang’Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihang Du
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoning Chai
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zezhen Guo
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chenglin Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bai Du
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abudureyimu M, Luo X, Jiang L, Jin X, Pan C, Yu W, Ge J, Zhang Y, Ren J. FBXL4 protects against HFpEF through Drp1-Mediated regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and the downstream SERCA2a. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103081. [PMID: 38359748 PMCID: PMC10878117 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a devastating health issue although limited knowledge is available for its pathogenesis and therapeutics. Given the perceived involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in HFpEF, this study was designed to examine the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the etiology of HFpEF. METHOD AND RESULTS Adult mice were placed on a high fat diet plus l-NAME in drinking water ('two-hit' challenge to mimic obesity and hypertension) for 15 consecutive weeks. Mass spectrometry revealed pronounced changes in mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 and E3 ligase FBXL4 in 'two-hit' mouse hearts. Transfection of FBXL4 rescued against HFpEF-compromised diastolic function, cardiac geometry, and mitochondrial integrity without affecting systolic performance, in conjunction with altered mitochondrial dynamics and integrity (hyperactivation of Drp1 and unchecked fission). Mass spectrometry and co-IP analyses unveiled an interaction between FBXL4 and Drp1 to foster ubiquitination and degradation of Drp1. Truncated mutants of FBXL4 (Delta-Fbox) disengaged interaction between FBXL4 and Drp1. Metabolomic and proteomics findings identified deranged fatty acid and glucose metabolism in HFpEF patients and mice. A cellular model was established with concurrent exposure of high glucose and palmitic acid as a 'double-damage' insult to mimic diastolic anomalies in HFpEF. Transfection of FBXL4 mitigated 'double-damage'-induced cardiomyocyte diastolic dysfunction and mitochondrial injury, the effects were abolished and mimicked by Drp1 knock-in and knock-out, respectively. HFpEF downregulated sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ uptake protein SERCA2a while upregulating phospholamban, RYR1, IP3R1, IP3R3 and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger with unaltered SR Ca2+ load. FBXL4 ablated 'two-hit' or 'double-damage'-induced changes in SERCA2a, phospholamban and mitochondrial injury. CONCLUSION FBXL4 rescued against HFpEF-induced cardiac remodeling, diastolic dysfunction, and mitochondrial injury through reverting hyperactivation of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, underscoring the therapeutic promises of FBXL4 in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyesaier Abudureyimu
- Cardiovascular Department, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuanming Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Cardiovascular Department, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuejuan Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cuizhen Pan
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Tang S, Geng Y, Lin Q. The role of mitophagy in metabolic diseases and its exercise intervention. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1339128. [PMID: 38348222 PMCID: PMC10859464 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1339128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are energy factories that sustain life activities in the body, and their dysfunction can cause various metabolic diseases that threaten human health. Mitophagy, an essential intracellular mitochondrial quality control mechanism, can maintain cellular and metabolic homeostasis by removing damaged mitochondria and participating in developing metabolic diseases. Research has confirmed that exercise can regulate mitophagy levels, thereby exerting protective metabolic effects in metabolic diseases. This article reviews the role of mitophagy in metabolic diseases, the effects of exercise on mitophagy, and the potential mechanisms of exercise-regulated mitophagy intervention in metabolic diseases, providing new insights for future basic and clinical research on exercise interventions to prevent and treat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qinqin Lin
- School of Physical Education, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
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