1
|
Panagiotopoulos AA, Kalyvianaki K, Serifoglou B, Konstantinou E, Notas G, Castanas E, Kampa M. OXER1 mediates testosterone-induced calcium responses in prostate cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 539:111487. [PMID: 34634385 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In prostate cancer, calcium homeostasis plays a significant role in the disease's development and progression. Intracellular calcium changes are an important secondary signal, triggered by a variety of extracellular stimuli, that controls many cellular functions. One of the main events affecting calcium is androgen signaling. Indeed, via calcium changes, androgens regulate cell processes like cell growth, differentiation and motility. In the present work we explored the nature of the receptor involved in calcium response induced by membrane-acting testosterone in prostate cancer cells. We report that testosterone, independently of the presence of the classical androgen receptor, can rapidly increase intracellular calcium from calcium stores, through the oxoeicosanoid receptor 1 (OXER1) and a specific signaling cascade that triggers calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum. These findings reveal for the first time the receptor involved in the rapid calcium changes induced by androgens. Moreover, they further support the notion that androgens, even in the absence of AR, can still exert specific effects that regulate cancer cell fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantina Kalyvianaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Bourcin Serifoglou
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Konstantinou
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cossette C, Miller LA, Ye Q, Chourey S, Reddy CN, Rokach J, Powell WS. Targeting the oxoeicosanoid (OXE) receptor with a selective antagonist inhibits allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation in non-human primates. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:322-336. [PMID: 34766334 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The 5-lipoxygenase product 5-oxo-ETE (5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) is a potent chemoattractant for eosinophils and neutrophils. However, little is known about its pathophysiological role because of the lack of a rodent ortholog of its OXE receptor. The present study aimed to determine whether the selective OXE receptor antagonist S-Y048 can inhibit allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation in a monkey model of asthma. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Monkeys sensitized to house dust mite antigen (HDM) were treated with either vehicle or S-Y048 prior to challenge with aerosolized HDM and bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid was obtained 24 h later. After six weeks, animals that had initially been treated with vehicle received S-Y048 and vice versa for animals initially treated with S-Y048. Eosinophils and neutrophils in BAL and lung tissue samples were evaluated, as well as mucus-containing cells in bronchi. KEY RESULTS HDM significantly increased the numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages in BAL fluid 24 h after challenge. These responses were all significantly inhibited by S-Y048, which also reduced the numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils in lung tissue 24 h after challenge with HDM. S-Y048 also significantly reduced the numbers of bronchial epithelial cells staining for mucin and MUC5AC after antigen challenge. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study provides the first evidence that 5-oxo-ETE may play an important role in inducing allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation and could also be involved in regulating MUC5AC in goblet cells. OXE receptor antagonists such as S-Y048 may useful therapeutic agents in asthma and other eosinophilic as well as neutrophilic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Cossette
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lisa A Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, United States.,Present address: Dept. Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shishir Chourey
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, United States.,Present address: Chemical Development Dept., Curia Global, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Chintam Nagendra Reddy
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, United States.,Flamma USA LLC, Malvern, PA
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, United States
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Powell WS, Rokach J. Targeting the OXE receptor as a potential novel therapy for asthma. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 179:113930. [PMID: 32240653 PMCID: PMC10656995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is an arachidonic acid metabolite formed by oxidation of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) product 5S-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5S-HETE) by the NADP+-dependent enzyme 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase. It is the only 5-LO product with appreciable chemoattractant activity for human eosinophils. Its actions are mediated by the selective OXE receptor, which is highly expressed on eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils and monocytes. Orthologs of the OXER1 gene, which encodes this receptor, are found in many species except for rodents. Intradermal injection of 5-oxo-ETE into humans and monkeys elicits eosinophil infiltration into the skin, raising the possibility that it may play a pathophysiological role in eosinophilic diseases. To investigate this and possibly identify a novel therapy we sought to prepare synthetic antagonists that could selectively block the OXE receptor. We synthesized a series of indole-based compounds bearing substituents that mimic the regions of 5-oxo-ETE that are required for biological activity, which we modified to reduce metabolism. The most potent of these OXE receptor antagonists is S-Y048, which is a potent inhibitor of 5-oxo-ETE-induced calcium mobilization (IC50, 20 pM) and has a long half-life following oral administration. S-Y048 inhibited allergen-induced eosinophil infiltration into the skin of rhesus monkeys that had been experimentally sensitized to house dust mite and inhibited pulmonary inflammation resulting from challenge with aerosolized allergen. These data provide the first evidence for a pathophysiological role for 5-oxo-ETE in mammals and suggest that potent and selective OXE receptor antagonists such as S-Y048 may be useful therapeutic agents in asthma and other eosinophilic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901-6982, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miller LA, Cossette C, Chourey S, Ye Q, Reddy CN, Rokach J, Powell WS. Inhibition of allergen-induced dermal eosinophilia by an oxoeicosanoid receptor antagonist in non-human primates. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:360-371. [PMID: 31655023 PMCID: PMC6989951 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), acting via the OXE receptor, is unique among 5-lipoxygenase products in its ability to directly induce human eosinophil migration, suggesting its involvement in eosinophilic diseases. To address this hypothesis, we synthesized selective indole-based OXE receptor antagonists. Because rodents lack an OXE receptor orthologue, we sought to determine whether these antagonists could attenuate allergen-induced skin eosinophilia in sensitized monkeys. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In a pilot study, cynomolgus monkeys with environmentally acquired sensitivity to Ascaris suum were treated orally with the "first-generation" OXE antagonist 230 prior to intradermal injection of 5-oxo-ETE or Ascaris extract. Eosinophils were evaluated in punch biopsy samples taken 6 or 24 hr later. We subsequently treated captive-bred rhesus monkeys sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) allergen with a more recently developed OXE antagonist, S-Y048, and evaluated its effects on dermal eosinophilia induced by either 5-oxo-ETE or HDM. KEY RESULTS In a pilot experiment, both 5-oxo-ETE and Ascaris extract induced dermal eosinophilia in cynomolgus monkeys, which appeared to be reduced by 230. Subsequently, we found that the related OXE antagonist S-Y048 is a highly potent inhibitor of 5-oxo-ETE-induced activation of rhesus monkey eosinophils in vitro and has a half-life in plasma of about 6 hr after oral administration. S-Y048 significantly inhibited eosinophil infiltration into the skin in response to both intradermally administered 5-oxo-ETE and HDM. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 5-Oxo-ETE may play an important role in allergen-induced eosinophilia. Blocking its effects with S-Y048 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for eosinophilic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Miller
- Present address:
California National Primate Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chantal Cossette
- Meakins‐Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontreal, QuebecCanada
| | - Shishir Chourey
- Present address:
California National Primate Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of ChemistryFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFloridaUSA
- Department of Chemical DevelopmentAlbany Molecular Research Inc.Albany, New York
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Present address:
California National Primate Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of ChemistryFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFloridaUSA
- Department of ChemistryRice UniversityHoustonTexas
| | - Chintam Nagendra Reddy
- Present address:
California National Primate Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of ChemistryFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFloridaUSA
- Synthetic ChemistryOlon Ricerca Bioscience LLCConcordOhio
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of ChemistryFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFloridaUSA
| | - William S. Powell
- Meakins‐Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontreal, QuebecCanada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ye Q, Chourey S, Reddy CN, Wang R, Cossette C, Gravel S, Slobodchikova I, Vuckovic D, Rokach J, Powell WS. Novel highly potent OXE receptor antagonists with prolonged plasma lifetimes that are converted to active metabolites in vivo in monkeys. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:388-401. [PMID: 31655025 PMCID: PMC6989946 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The 5-lipoxygenase product 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), acting through the OXE receptor, is a potent eosinophil chemoattractant that may be an important proinflammatory mediator in eosinophilic diseases such as asthma. We previously identified a series of indole-based OXE receptor antagonists that rapidly appear in the blood following oral administration but have limited lifetimes. The objective of this study was to increase the potency and plasma half-lives of these compounds and thereby identify the optimal candidate for future preclinical studies in monkeys, as rodents do not have an OXE receptor orthologue. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We synthesized a series of substituted phenylalkyl indoles and compared their antagonist potencies, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism to those of our earlier compounds. The potencies of some of their metabolites were also investigated. KEY RESULTS Among the compounds tested, the S-enantiomer of the m-chlorophenyl compound (S-Y048) was the most potent, with an pIC50 of about 10.8 for inhibition of 5-oxo-ETE-induced calcium mobilization in human neutrophils. When administered orally to cynomolgus monkeys, S-Y048 rapidly appeared in the blood and had a half-life in plasma of over 7 hr, considerably longer than any of the other OXE analogues tested. A major hydroxylated metabolite, with a potency close to that of its precursor, was identified in plasma. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Because of its highly potent antagonist activity and its long lifetime in vivo, S-Y048 may be a useful anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of eosinophilic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuji Ye
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of ChemistryFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFlorida
- Present address:
Department of ChemistryRice UniversityHoustonTexas
| | - Shishir Chourey
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of ChemistryFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFlorida
- Present address:
Chemical Development DepartmentAlbany Molecular Research Inc.AlbanyNew York
| | - Chintam Nagendra Reddy
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of ChemistryFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFlorida
- Present address:
Synthetic ChemistryOlon Ricerca BioscienceConcordOhio
| | - Rui Wang
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of ChemistryFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFlorida
| | - Chantal Cossette
- Meakins‐Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
| | - Sylvie Gravel
- Meakins‐Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
| | - Irina Slobodchikova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and PERFORM CentreConcordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Dajana Vuckovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and PERFORM CentreConcordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of ChemistryFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFlorida
| | - William S. Powell
- Meakins‐Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Neuman I, Cooke M, Lemiña NA, Kazanietz MG, Cornejo Maciel F. 5-oxo-ETE activates migration of H295R adrenocortical cells via MAPK and PKC pathways. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 144:106346. [PMID: 31301403 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The OXE receptor is a GPCR activated by eicosanoids produced by the action of 5-lipoxygenase. We previously found that this membrane receptor participates in the regulation of cAMP-dependent and -independent steroidogenesis in human H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells. In this study we analyzed the effects of the OXE receptor physiological activator 5-oxo-ETE on the growth and migration of H259R cells. While 5-oxo-ETE did not affect the growth of H295R cells, overexpression of OXE receptor caused an increase in cell proliferation, which was further increased by 5-oxo-ETE and blocked by 5-lipoxygenase inhibition. 5-oxo-ETE increased the migratory capacity of H295R cells in wound healing assays, but it did not induce the production of metalloproteases MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-10. The pro-migratory effect of 5-oxo-ETE was reduced by pharmacological inhibition of the MEK/ERK1/2, p38 and PKC pathways. 5-oxo-ETE caused significant activation of ERK and p38. ERK activation by the eicosanoid was reduced by the "pan" PKC inhibitor GF109203X but not by the classical PKC inhibitor Gö6976, suggesting the involvement of novel PKCs in this effect. Although H295R cells display detectable phosphorylation of Ser299 in PKCδ, a readout for the activation of this novel PKC, treatment with 5-oxo-ETE per se was unable to induce additional PKCδ activation. Our results revealed signaling effectors activated by 5-oxo-ETE in H295R cells and may have significant implications for our understanding of OXE receptor in adrenocortical cell pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Neuman
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; INBIOMED, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicolás Agustín Lemiña
- INBIOMED, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabiana Cornejo Maciel
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; INBIOMED, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Varricchi G, Raap U, Rivellese F, Marone G, Gibbs BF. Human mast cells and basophils-How are they similar how are they different? Immunol Rev 2019; 282:8-34. [PMID: 29431214 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells and basophils are key contributors to allergies and other inflammatory diseases since they are the most prominent source of histamine as well as numerous additional inflammatory mediators which drive inflammatory responses. However, a closer understanding of their precise roles in allergies and other pathological conditions has been marred by the considerable heterogeneity that these cells display, not only between mast cells and basophils themselves but also across different tissue locations and species. While both cell types share the ability to rapidly degranulate and release histamine following high-affinity IgE receptor cross-linking, they differ markedly in their ability to either react to other stimuli, generate inflammatory eicosanoids or release immunomodulating cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, these cells display considerable pharmacological heterogeneity which has stifled attempts to develop more effective anti-allergic therapies. Mast cell- and basophil-specific transcriptional profiling, at rest and after activation by innate and adaptive stimuli, may help to unravel the degree to which these cells differ and facilitate a clearer understanding of their biological functions and how these could be targeted by new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Felice Rivellese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chourey S, Ye Q, Reddy CN, Wang R, Cossette C, Gravel S, Slobodchikova I, Vuckovic D, Rokach J, Powell WS. Novel Highly Potent and Metabolically Resistant Oxoeicosanoid (OXE) Receptor Antagonists That Block the Actions of the Granulocyte Chemoattractant 5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic Acid (5-oxo-ETE). J Med Chem 2018; 61:5934-5948. [PMID: 29972644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is a potent lipid mediator that induces tissue eosinophilia via the selective OXE receptor (OXE-R), which is an attractive therapeutic target in eosinophilic diseases. We previously identified indole OXE-R antagonists that block 5-oxo-ETE-induced primate eosinophil activation. Although these compounds possess good oral absorption, their plasma levels decline rapidly due to extensive oxidation of their hexyl side chain. We have now succeeded in dramatically increasing antagonist potency and resistance to metabolism by replacing the hexyl group with phenylpentyl or phenylhexyl side chains. Compared with our previous lead compound S-230, our most potent antagonist, S-C025, has an IC50 (120 pM) over 80 times lower and a substantially longer plasma half-life. A single major metabolite, which retains antagonist activity (IC50, 690 pM) and has a prolonged lifetime in plasma was observed. These new highly potent OXE-R antagonists may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of eosinophilic disorders like asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Chourey
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology , 150 West University Boulevard , Melbourne , Florida 32901-6982 , United States
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology , 150 West University Boulevard , Melbourne , Florida 32901-6982 , United States
| | - Chintam Nagendra Reddy
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology , 150 West University Boulevard , Melbourne , Florida 32901-6982 , United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology , 150 West University Boulevard , Melbourne , Florida 32901-6982 , United States
| | - Chantal Cossette
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology , McGill University Health Centre , 1001 Decarie Boulevard , Montreal , Quebec H4A 3J1 , Canada
| | - Sylvie Gravel
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology , McGill University Health Centre , 1001 Decarie Boulevard , Montreal , Quebec H4A 3J1 , Canada
| | - Irina Slobodchikova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and PERFORM Centre , Concordia University , 7141 Sherbrooke Street West , Montréal , Quebec H4B 1R6 , Canada
| | - Dajana Vuckovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and PERFORM Centre , Concordia University , 7141 Sherbrooke Street West , Montréal , Quebec H4B 1R6 , Canada
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology , 150 West University Boulevard , Melbourne , Florida 32901-6982 , United States
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology , McGill University Health Centre , 1001 Decarie Boulevard , Montreal , Quebec H4A 3J1 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reddy CN, Alhamza H, Chourey S, Ye Q, Gore V, Cossette C, Gravel S, Slobodchikova I, Vuckovic D, Rokach J, Powell WS. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of a potent N-acylindole antagonist of the OXE receptor for the eosinophil chemoattractant 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) in rats and monkeys. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:88-99. [PMID: 29339225 PMCID: PMC10625806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified the indole 264 as a potent in vitro antagonist of the human OXE receptor that mediates the actions of the powerful eosinophil chemoattractant 5-oxo-ETE. No antagonists of this receptor are currently commercially available or are being tested in clinical studies. The lack of a rodent ortholog of the OXE receptor has hampered progress in this area because of the unavailability of commonly used mouse or rat animal models. In the present study, we examined the feasibility of using the cynomolgus monkey as an animal model to investigate the efficacy of orally administered 264 in future in vivo studies. We first confirmed that 264 is active in monkeys by showing that it is a potent inhibitor of 5-oxo-ETE-induced actin polymerization and chemotaxis in granulocytes. The major microsomal metabolites of 264 were identified by cochromatography with authentic chemically synthesized standards and LC-MS/MS as its ω2-hydroxy and ω2-oxo derivatives, formed by ω2-oxidation of its hexyl side chain. Small amounts of ω1-oxidation products were also identified. None of these metabolites have substantial antagonist potency. High levels of 264 appeared rapidly in the blood following oral administration to both rats and monkeys, and declined to low levels by 24 h. As with microsomes, its major plasma metabolites in monkeys were ω2-oxidation products. We conclude that the monkey is a suitable animal model to investigate potential therapeutic effects of 264. This, or a related compound with diminished susceptibility to ω2-oxidation, could be a useful therapeutic agent in eosinophilic disorders such as asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chintam Nagendra Reddy
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901-6982, USA
| | - Hussam Alhamza
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901-6982, USA
| | - Shishir Chourey
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901-6982, USA
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901-6982, USA
| | - Vivek Gore
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901-6982, USA
| | - Chantal Cossette
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sylvie Gravel
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Irina Slobodchikova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Dajana Vuckovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901-6982, USA
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
SNAP23-Dependent Surface Translocation of Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) Receptor 1 Is Essential for NOX2-Mediated Exocytotic Degranulation in Human Mast Cells Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Secreted LTB4. Infect Immun 2016; 85:IAI.00526-16. [PMID: 27795355 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00526-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted parasite that causes vaginitis in women and itself secretes lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Mast cells are important effector cells of tissue inflammation during infection with parasites. Membrane-bridging SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complexes are critical for fusion during exocytosis. Although T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP) have been shown to induce exocytosis in mast cells, information regarding the signaling mechanisms between mast cell activation and TvSP is limited. In this study, we found that SNAP23-dependent surface trafficking of LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1) is required for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2)-mediated exocytotic degranulation of mast cells induced by TvSP. First, stimulation with TvSP induced exocytotic degranulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HMC-1 cells. Next, TvSP-induced ROS generation and exocytosis were strongly inhibited by transfection of BLT1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). TvSP induced trafficking of BLT1 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. We also found that knockdown of SNAP23 abrogated TvSP-induced ROS generation, exocytosis, and surface trafficking of BLT1 in HMC-1 cells. By coimmunoprecipitation, there was a physical interaction between BLT1 and SNAP23 in TvSP-stimulated HMC-1 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that SNAP23-dependent surface trafficking of BLT1 is essential for exocytosis in human mast cells induced by T. vaginalis-secreted LTB4 Our data collectively demonstrate a novel regulatory mechanism for SNAP23-dependent mast cell activation of T. vaginalis-secreted LTB4 involving surface trafficking of BLT1. These results can help to explain how the cross talk mechanism between parasite and host can govern deliberately tissue inflammatory responses.
Collapse
|
11
|
Liening S, Scriba GK, Rummler S, Weinigel C, Kleinschmidt TK, Haeggström JZ, Werz O, Garscha U. Development of smart cell-free and cell-based assay systems for investigation of leukotriene C 4 synthase activity and evaluation of inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1605-1613. [PMID: 27477678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) cause bronchoconstriction in anaphylaxis and asthma. They are formed by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from arachidonic acid (AA) yielding the unstable leukotriene A4 (LTA4) that is subsequently conjugated with glutathione (GSH) by LTC4 synthase (LTC4S). Cys-LT receptor antagonists and LTC4S inhibitors have been developed, but only the former have reached the market. High structural homology to related enzymes and lack of convenient test systems due to instability of added LTA4 have hampered the development of LTC4S inhibitors. We present smart cell-free and cell-based assay systems based on in situ-generated LTA4 that allow studying LTC4S activity and investigating LTC4S inhibitors. Co-incubations of microsomes from HEK293 cells expressing LTC4S with isolated 5-LOX efficiently converted exogenous AA to LTC4 (~1.3μg/200μg protein). Stimulation of HEK293 cells co-expressing 5-LOX and LTC4S with Ca2+-ionophore A23187 and 20μM AA resulted in strong LTC4 formation (~250ng/106 cells). MK-886, a well-known 5-LOX activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor that also acts on LTC4S, consistently inhibited LTC4 formation in all assay types (IC50=3.1-3.5μM) and we successfully confirmed TK04a as potent LTC4S inhibitor in these assay systems (IC50=17 and 300nM, respectively). We demonstrated transcellular LTC4 biosynthesis between neutrophils or 5-LOX-expressing HEK293 cells that produce LTA4 from AA and HEK293 cells expressing LTC4S that transform LTA4 to LTC4. In conclusion, our assay approaches are advantageous as the substrate LTA4 is generated in situ and are suitable for studying enzymatic functionality of LTC4S including site-directed mutations and evaluation of LTC4S inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Liening
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K Scriba
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Rummler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christina Weinigel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thea K Kleinschmidt
- Division of Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Werz
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chirumbolo S. Commentary: Mutual interaction of basophils and T cells in chronic inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2016; 7:135. [PMID: 27092145 PMCID: PMC4824792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Unit of Geriatry, Department of Medicine, University Laboratory of Medical Research-LURM est, Policlinico GB Rossi , Verona , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
O’Dwyer CA, O’Brien ME, Wormald MR, White MM, Banville N, Hurley K, McCarthy C, McElvaney NG, Reeves EP. The BLT1 Inhibitory Function of α-1 Antitrypsin Augmentation Therapy Disrupts Leukotriene B4Neutrophil Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3628-41. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Cossette C, Gravel S, Reddy CN, Gore V, Chourey S, Ye Q, Snyder NW, Mesaros CA, Blair IA, Lavoie JP, Reinero CR, Rokach J, Powell WS. Biosynthesis and actions of 5-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) on feline granulocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 96:247-55. [PMID: 26032638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The 5-lipoxygenase product 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is the most powerful human eosinophil chemoattractant among lipid mediators and could play a major pathophysiological role in eosinophilic diseases such as asthma. Its actions are mediated by the OXE receptor, orthologs of which are found in many species from humans to fish, but not rodents. The unavailability of rodent models to examine the pathophysiological roles of 5-oxo-ETE and the OXE receptor has substantially hampered progress in this area. As an alternative, we have explored the possibility that the cat could serve as an appropriate animal model to investigate the role of 5-oxo-ETE. We found that feline peripheral blood leukocytes synthesize 5-oxo-ETE and that physiologically relevant levels of 5-oxo-ETE are present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from cats with experimentally induced asthma. 5-Oxo-ETE (EC50, 0.7nM) is a much more potent activator of actin polymerization in feline eosinophils than various other eicosanoids, including leukotriene (LT) B4 and prostaglandin D2. 5-Oxo-ETE and LTB4 induce feline leukocyte migration to similar extents at low concentrations (1nM), but at higher concentrations the response to 5-oxo-ETE is much greater. Although high concentrations of selective human OXE receptor antagonists blocked 5-oxo-ETE-induced actin polymerization in feline granulocytes, their potencies were about 200 times lower than for human granulocytes. We conclude that feline leukocytes synthesize and respond to 5-oxo-ETE, which could potentially play an important role in feline asthma, a common condition in this species. The cat could serve as a useful animal model to investigate the pathophysiological role of 5-oxo-ETE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Cossette
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Sylvie Gravel
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Chintam Nagendra Reddy
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6982, USA.
| | - Vivek Gore
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6982, USA.
| | - Shishir Chourey
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6982, USA.
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6982, USA.
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, 854 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
| | - Clementina A Mesaros
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, 854 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
| | - Ian A Blair
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, 854 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe J2S 6C7, QC, Canada.
| | - Carol R Reinero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6982, USA.
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Powell WS, Rokach J. Biosynthesis, biological effects, and receptors of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and oxoeicosatetraenoic acids (oxo-ETEs) derived from arachidonic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:340-55. [PMID: 25449650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid can be oxygenated by a variety of different enzymes, including lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450s, and can be converted to a complex mixture of oxygenated products as a result of lipid peroxidation. The initial products in these reactions are hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HpETEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Oxoeicosatetraenoic acids (oxo-ETEs) can be formed by the actions of various dehydrogenases on HETEs or by dehydration of HpETEs. Although a large number of different HETEs and oxo-ETEs have been identified, this review will focus principally on 5-oxo-ETE, 5S-HETE, 12S-HETE, and 15S-HETE. Other related arachidonic acid metabolites will also be discussed in less detail. 5-Oxo-ETE is synthesized by oxidation of the 5-lipoxygenase product 5S-HETE by the selective enzyme, 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase. It actions are mediated by the selective OXE receptor, which is highly expressed on eosinophils, suggesting that it may be important in eosinophilic diseases such as asthma. 5-Oxo-ETE also appears to stimulate tumor cell proliferation and may also be involved in cancer. Highly selective and potent OXE receptor antagonists have recently become available and could help to clarify its pathophysiological role. The 12-lipoxygenase product 12S-HETE acts by the GPR31 receptor and promotes tumor cell proliferation and metastasis and could therefore be a promising target in cancer therapy. It may also be involved as a proinflammatory mediator in diabetes. In contrast, 15S-HETE may have a protective effect in cancer. In addition to GPCRs, higher concentration of HETEs and oxo-ETEs can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and could potentially regulate a variety of processes by this mechanism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada.
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Min A, Lee YA, Kim KA, El-Benna J, Shin MH. NOX2-derived ROS-mediated surface translocation of BLT1 is essential for exocytosis in human eosinophils induced by LTB4. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 165:40-51. [PMID: 25323785 DOI: 10.1159/000366277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a proinflammatory lipid mediator that elicits eosinophil exocytosis, leading to allergic inflammation. However, the detailed intracellular signaling mechanisms of eosinophil exocytosis induced by LTB4 are poorly understood. Herein, we report that NADPH oxidase (NOX)2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated BLT1 migration to the cell surface is required for exocytosis in human eosinophils induced by LTB4. METHODS Peripheral blood eosinophils were purified and stimulated for up to 60 min with LTB4. The signaling role of NOX2-derived ROS in BLT1-dependent exocytosis in LTB4-stimulated eosinophils was investigated. RESULTS Stimulating eosinophils with LTB4 induced intracellular ROS production and surface upregulation of the exocytosis marker protein CD63 via BLT1-mediated signaling. LTB4 induced p47(phox) phosphorylation and 91(phox) expression required for NOX2 activation in a BLT1-dependent manner. Pretreatment with NOX2 inhibitors, but not mitochondria inhibitor, prevented LTB4-induced ROS generation and exocytosis. At 30 min after stimulation with LTB4, BLT1 expression at the cell surface was upregulated. LTB4-triggered surface upregulation of BLT1 was also blocked by inhibition of ROS generation with NOX2 inhibitors. Moreover, stimulation for 30 min with LTB4 resulted in the interaction of BLT1 with NOX2 by immunoprecipitation. LTB4-induced ROS generation, surface upregulation of BLT1 and exocytosis was also inhibited by pretreatment with a lipid raft disruptor, protein kinase C inhibitor, or Src kinase inhibitor. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NOX2-derived ROS-mediated BLT1 trafficking to the cell surface plays a key role in the exocytosis of human eosinophils induced by LTB4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arim Min
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bäck M, Powell WS, Dahlén SE, Drazen JM, Evans JF, Serhan CN, Shimizu T, Yokomizo T, Rovati GE. Update on leukotriene, lipoxin and oxoeicosanoid receptors: IUPHAR Review 7. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:3551-74. [PMID: 24588652 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous ligands for the LT, lipoxin (LX) and oxoeicosanoid receptors are bioactive products produced by the action of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes. The LT receptors BLT1 and BLT2 , are activated by LTB4 and the CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors are activated by the cysteinyl-LTs, whereas oxoeicosanoids exert their action through the OXE receptor. In contrast to these pro-inflammatory mediators, LXA4 transduces responses associated with the resolution of inflammation through the receptor FPR2/ALX (ALX/FPR2). The aim of the present review is to give a state of the field on these receptors, with focus on recent important findings. For example, BLT1 receptor signalling in cancer and the dual role of the BLT2 receptor in pro- and anti-inflammatory actions have added more complexity to lipid mediator signalling. Furthermore, a cross-talk between the CysLT and P2Y receptor systems has been described, and also the presence of novel receptors for cysteinyl-LTs, such as GPR17 and GPR99. Finally, lipoxygenase metabolites derived from ω-3 essential polyunsaturated acids, the resolvins, activate the receptors GPR32 and ChemR23. In conclusion, the receptors for the lipoxygenase products make up a sophisticated and tightly controlled system of endogenous pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling in physiology and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- Nomenclature Subcommittee for Leukotriene Receptors, International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gore V, Gravel S, Cossette C, Patel P, Chourey S, Ye Q, Rokach J, Powell WS. Inhibition of 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid-induced activation of neutrophils and eosinophils by novel indole OXE receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:364-77. [PMID: 24351031 DOI: 10.1021/jm401292m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is a 5-lipoxygenase product that is a potent granulocyte chemoattractant, which induces the infiltration of eosinophils into human skin when injected intradermally. It could therefore be an important proinflammatory mediator in eosinophilic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, and the OXE receptor, which mediates its actions, is therefore an attractive drug target. Using a structure-based approach in which substituents mimicking the essential polar (C1-C5) and hydrophobic (C15-C20) regions of 5-oxo-ETE were incorporated on an indole scaffold, we identified two potent selective OXE antagonists with IC50 values of about 30 nM. Neither compound displayed agonist activity and both inhibited 5-oxo-ETE-induced chemotaxis and actin polymerization and were relatively resistant to metabolism by rat liver homogenates. The active enantiomers of these racemic antagonists were even more potent, with IC50 values of <10 nM. These selective OXE antagonists could potentially be useful therapeutic agents in allergic diseases such as asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Gore
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University , 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Powell WS, Rokach J. The eosinophil chemoattractant 5-oxo-ETE and the OXE receptor. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:651-65. [PMID: 24056189 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
5-Oxo-ETE (5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) is formed from the 5-lipoxygenase product 5-HETE (5S-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) by 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase (5-HEDH). The cofactor NADP(+) is a limiting factor in the synthesis of 5-oxo-ETE because of its low concentrations in unperturbed cells. Activation of the respiratory burst in phagocytic cells, oxidative stress, and cell death all dramatically elevate both intracellular NADP(+) levels and 5-oxo-ETE synthesis. 5-HEDH is widely expressed in inflammatory, structural, and tumor cells. Cells devoid of 5-lipoxygenase can synthesize 5-oxo-ETE by transcellular biosynthesis using inflammatory cell-derived 5-HETE. 5-Oxo-ETE is a chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils and promotes the proliferation of tumor cells. However, its primary target appears to be the eosinophil, for which it is a highly potent chemoattractant. The actions of 5-oxo-ETE are mediated by the highly selective OXE receptor, which signals by activating various second messenger pathways through the release of the βγ-dimer from Gi/o proteins to which it is coupled. Because of its potent effects on eosinophils, 5-oxo-ETE may be an important mediator in asthma, and, because of its proliferative effects, may also contribute to tumor progression. Selective OXE receptor antagonists, which are currently under development, could be useful therapeutic agents in asthma and other allergic diseases.
Collapse
Key Words
- 12-HHT
- 12-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid
- 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid
- 5,12-diHETE
- 5,15-diHETE
- 5-HEDH
- 5-HEPE
- 5-HETE
- 5-HETrE
- 5-HODE
- 5-HpETE
- 5-LO
- 5-Lipoxygenase
- 5-Oxo-ETE
- 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase
- 5-lipoxygenase
- 5-oxo-12-HETE
- 5-oxo-12S-hydroxy-6E,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5-oxo-15-HETE
- 5-oxo-15S-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5-oxo-20-HETE
- 5-oxo-20-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid
- 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoic acid
- 5-oxo-6E,8Z-octadecadienoic acid
- 5-oxo-7-glutathionyl factor-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid
- 5-oxo-EPE
- 5-oxo-ETE
- 5-oxo-ETrE
- 5-oxo-ODE
- 5S,12S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5S,15S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5S-hydroperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5S-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid
- 5S-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5S-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoic acid
- 5S-hydroxy-6E,8Z-octadecadienoic acid
- 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid
- 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoic acid
- 5Z,8Z-octadecadienoic acid
- Asthma
- Chemoattractants
- DHA
- ECL
- EPA
- Eosinophils
- FOG(7)
- G protein-coupled receptor
- GPCR
- Inflammation
- LT
- LXA(4)
- Mead acid
- PAF
- PI3K
- PLC
- PMA
- PUFA
- Sebaleic acid
- StAR
- eosinophil chemotactic lipid
- leukotriene
- lipoxin A(4)
- phorbol myristate acetate
- phosphoinositide-3 kinase
- phospholipase C
- platelet-activating
- polyunsaturated fatty acid
- steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
- uPAR
- urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Koketsu R, Yamaguchi M, Suzukawa M, Tanaka Y, Tashimo H, Arai H, Nagase H, Matsumoto K, Saito H, Ra C, Yamamoto K, Ohta K. Pretreatment with low levels of FcεRI-crosslinking stimulation enhances basophil mediator release. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161 Suppl 2:23-31. [PMID: 23711850 DOI: 10.1159/000350339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basophils and mast cells are important initiator/effector cells capable of rapidly responding to IgE-mediated stimulation, but the precise mechanisms regulating their functions in vivo have not been fully identified. In this study, we assessed whether low levels of antigen can modulate activation of basophils and mast cells. METHODS Human basophils and cultured mast cells were pretreated with low concentrations of anti-FcεRI α-chain mAb (CRA-1 mAb), and their cell functions were assessed. RESULTS Basophils preincubated with CRA-1 mAb at as low as 1 ng/ml for 1 h showed significantly enhanced degranulation in response to various secretagogues such as MCP-1, FMLP, leukotriene B4 and Ca ionophore A23187. FMLP-induced leukotriene C4 production by basophils was also enhanced by CRA-1 mAb pretreatment. Degranulation was further enhanced when CRA-1 mAb-pretreated basophils were additionally treated with IL-3, IL-33 or leptin before stimulation with MCP-1. Priming by subthreshold CRA-1 mAb was a slow process, since 1 h of pretreatment was needed for maximal enhancement. Basophil priming also resulted from preincubation with subthreshold doses of an allergen, Der f 2. In parallel mAb experiments, CRA-1 mAb showed weak priming effects on human umbilical cord blood-derived cultured mast cells; a higher dose, 100 ng/ml, was necessary for this priming. CONCLUSION These results indicate that subthreshold doses of CRA-1 mAb or allergens can prime basophils and induce exaggerated responses to various IgE-independent stimuli. This may be a potentially important mechanism that explains environmental allergen-induced exacerbation of IgE-mediated allergic diseases such as asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikiya Koketsu
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Suzukawa M, Nagase H, Ogahara I, Han K, Tashimo H, Shibui A, Koketsu R, Nakae S, Yamaguchi M, Ohta K. Leptin enhances survival and induces migration, degranulation, and cytokine synthesis of human basophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5254-60. [PMID: 21421855 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Basophils are the rarest leukocytes in human blood, but they are now recognized as one of the most important immunomodulatory as well as effector cells in allergic inflammation. Leptin, a member of the IL-6 cytokine family, has metabolic effects as an adipokine, and it is also known to participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory reactions. Because there is an epidemiologic relationship between obesity and allergy, we examined whether basophil functions are modified by leptin. We found that human basophils express leptin receptor (LepR) at both the mRNA and surface protein levels, which were upregulated by IL-33. Leptin exerted strong effects on multiple basophil functions. It induced a strong migratory response in human basophils, similar in potency to that of basophil-active chemokines. Also, leptin enhanced survival of human basophils, although its potency was less than that of IL-3. Additionally, CD63, a basophil activation marker expressed on the cell surface, was upregulated by leptin, an effect that was neutralized by blocking of LepR. Assessments of basophil degranulation and cytokine synthesis found that leptin showed a strong priming effect on human basophil degranulation in response to FcεRI aggregation and induced Th2, but not Th1, cytokine production by the cells. In summary, the present findings indicate that leptin may be a key molecule mediating the effects of adipocytes on inflammatory cells such as basophils by binding to LepR and activating the cellular functions, presumably exacerbating allergic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maho Suzukawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ouyang Y, Kamijo A, Murata SI, Okamoto A, Endo S, Katoh R, Masuyama K. Expression of cysLT1 and cysLT2 receptor in chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2009; 42:191-6. [PMID: 20126572 PMCID: PMC2808502 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.09031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated production of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) from sinus tissues and abundant sinus eosinophils are characteristic features of chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis (CHS). CysLTs exert their action through G-protein-coupled receptors named cysLTs receptor type I (cysLT1R) and type II (cysLT2R). These expressions of cysLT receptors in the sinus mucosa have yet to be clarified and the relationship between eosinophilia and the expression of these receptors remains obscure. We compared the expressions of cysLT1R and cysLT2R in the sinus mucosa in patients with CHS, non-eosinophilic chronic sinusitis (NECS), and control sinus tissues; and analyzed the correlation between the expression of CysLTRs and the presence of sinus eosinophils by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. A significantly higher percentage of eosinophils expressing cysLT2R protein was observed in patients with CHS compared with NECS and controls. In addition, cysLT2R mRNA expression in CHS was significantly higher than in NECS and controls. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between cysLT2R mRNA expression and the number of infiltrated eosinophils. In contrast, the cysLT1R mRNA expression did not differ significantly among these groups. The effect of cysLTs on sinus eosinophils may be mediated through the cysLT2R in patients with CHS. These results may suggest the therapeutic benefit of cysLT2R antagonists in CHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ouyang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
- Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing Tongren Hospital
| | - Atsushi Kamijo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Shin-ichi Murata
- Department of Human Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Atsushi Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Shuichiro Endo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Human Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Keisuke Masuyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Grant GE, Rokach J, Powell WS. 5-Oxo-ETE and the OXE receptor. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2009; 89:98-104. [PMID: 19450703 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
5-Oxo-ETE is a product of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway that is formed by the oxidation of 5-HETE by 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase (5-HEDH). 5-HEDH is a microsomal NADP(+)-dependent enzyme that is highly selective for 5-HETE. 5-Oxo-ETE synthesis is regulated by intracellular NADP(+) levels and is dramatically increased under conditions that favor oxidation of NADPH to NADP(+) such as oxidative stress and the respiratory burst in phagocytic cells. 5-Oxo-ETE is a potent chemoattractant for eosinophils and has similar effects on neutrophils, basophils and monocytes. It elicits infiltration of eosinophils and, to a lesser extent, neutrophils into the skin after intradermal injection in humans. It also promotes the survival of tumor cells and has been shown to block the induction of apoptosis by 5-LO inhibitors. 5-Oxo-ETE acts by the G(i/o)-coupled OXE receptor, which was also known as TG1019, R527 and hGPCR48. Although the pathophysiological role of 5-oxo-ETE is not well understood, it may play important roles in asthma and allergic diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The availability of a selective antagonist would help to clarify the role of 5-oxo-ETE and may be of therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail E Grant
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators derived from the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. Cysteinyl (cys) LTs C(4), D(4), and E(4) are long known to contribute to airway contractile responses via ligation of the cysLT1 receptor, and cysLT1 antagonists are beneficial in some patients with asthma. Research advances over the past several years suggest that cysLT1 also mediates the ability of cysLTs to modulate inflammation, immune responses, and airway remodeling. Although less is known about an additional receptor, cysLT2, emerging evidence indicates that it likely also contributes to cysLT actions promoting inflammation, vascular permeability, and perhaps fibrosis. LTB(4), best known as a neutrophil chemoattractant, is now recognized to exert other important effects contributing to inflammatory and immune responses. These recent data highlight a growing appreciation for LTs as pleiotropic effectors, which are integral components in the network of molecules that mediate the expression of asthma.
Collapse
|
26
|
Suzukawa M, Komiya A, Koketsu R, Kawakami A, Kimura M, Nito T, Yamamoto K, Yamaguchi M. Three cases of ortho-phthalaldehyde-induced anaphylaxis after laryngoscopy: detection of specific IgE in serum. Allergol Int 2007; 56:313-6. [PMID: 17582212 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.c-06-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) has recently been used as a disinfectant for various medical apparatuses. OPA is not generally recognized as a potential allergen. CASE SUMMARY Subsequent to our recent report describing a patient presenting with OPA-induced anaphylaxis following laryngoscopy, we experienced two more such cases. In all three cases, the basophil histamine release test was useful for identifying the allergen as OPA. OPA-specific IgE was successfully detected in the serum of the patients by ELISA. DISCUSSION Physicians and co-medical workers need to be aware of potential allergens to which patients may be exposed during routine medical procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maho Suzukawa
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
When activated by specific antigen, complement, or other transmembrane stimuli, mast cells (MCs) generate three eicosanoids: prostaglandin (PG)D(2), leukotriene (LT)B(4), and LTC(4), the parent molecule of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs). These diverse lipid mediators, which are generated from a single cell membrane-associated precursor, arachidonic acid, can initiate, amplify, or dampen inflammatory responses and influence the magnitude, duration, and nature of subsequent immune responses. PGD(2) and cysLTs, which were originally recognized for their bronchoconstricting and vasoactive properties, also serve diverse and pivotal functions in effector cell trafficking, antigen presentation, leukocyte activation, matrix deposition, and fibrosis. LTB(4) is a powerful chemoattractant for neutrophils and certain lymphocyte subsets. Thus, MCs can contribute to each of these processes through eicosanoid generation. Additionally, MCs express G-protein-coupled receptors specific for cysLTs, LTB(4), and another eicosanoid, PGE(2). Each of these receptors can regulate MC functions in vivo by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. This review focuses on the biologic functions for MC-associated eicosanoids, the regulation of their production, and the mechanisms by which eicosanoids may regulate MC function in host defense and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Boyce
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
O'Connor BJ, Löfdahl CG, Balter M, Szczeklik A, Boulet LP, Cairns CB. Zileuton added to low-dose inhaled beclomethasone for the treatment of moderate to severe persistent asthma. Respir Med 2007; 101:1088-96. [PMID: 17360171 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the therapeutic effects of oral zileuton tablets combined with low-dose beclomethasone compared to doubling the dose of beclomethasone, in improving lung function and reducing asthma symptoms. METHODS Randomized, active-control, double-blind, parallel, multi-center study of zileuton (400 or 600 mg QID)+200 microg beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) BID versus placebo+BDP 400 microg BID in asthmatics with baseline FEV(1) percent predicted values between 40% and 80% following a single-blind ICS (BDP 200 microg BID) 2-week run-in. During the 3-month double-blind treatment period, assessments included safety, daytime and nighttime symptoms, acute asthma exacerbations, beta(2)-agonist use, AM and PM peak expiratory flow (PEF) and FEV(1). RESULTS The addition of a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor added to a low-dose of BDP showed no significant difference in FEV(1) compared to doubling the dose of BDP. FEV(1) improved in all 3 treatment groups, with mean increases of 10% with zileuton 600 mg QID+BDP 200 microg BID, 12% with zileuton 400mg QID+BDP 200 microg BID, and 11% with BDP 400 microg BID by study end. Within each treatment group, there were significant improvements in asthma symptoms and AM and PM PEF compared to baseline. No significant differences were observed between groups with regards to salbutamol use, acute asthma exacerbations, the requirement for oral/parenteral corticosteroids and adverse clinical events. CONCLUSIONS The addition of a 5-LO inhibitor added to low-dose beclomethasone may be an alternative to higher-doses of ICS in patients unable to achieve sufficient asthma control on low-dose ICS therapy.
Collapse
|
29
|
Erlemann KR, Cossette C, Gravel S, Lesimple A, Lee GJ, Saha G, Rokach J, Powell WS. Airway epithelial cells synthesize the lipid mediator 5-oxo-ETE in response to oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:654-64. [PMID: 17291989 PMCID: PMC1853381 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Revised: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is a potent eosinophil chemoattractant that is synthesized from the 5-lipoxygenase product 5S-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) by the NADP+-dependent enzyme 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase (5-HEDH), previously reported only in inflammatory cells. Because of their critical location at the interface of the lung with the external environment, we sought to determine whether epithelial cells could also synthesize this substance. We found that HEp-2, T84, A549, and BEAS-2B cells all synthesize 5-oxo-ETE from 5-HETE in amounts comparable to leukocytes. The epithelial dehydrogenase is localized in the microsomal fraction, requires NADP+, and is selective for the S-isomer of 5-HETE, suggesting that it is identical to leukocyte 5-HEDH. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells have an even greater capacity to synthesize 5-oxo-ETE. H2O2 dramatically stimulates its synthesis in association with increased levels of intracellular GSSG and NADP+. These responses were all blocked by removal of GSH/GSSG with N-ethylmaleimide, suggesting that H2O2 stimulates 5-oxo-ETE synthesis by raising NADP+ levels through activation of the GSH redox cycle. Airway smooth muscle cells can also synthesize 5-oxo-ETE, but to a lesser extent. These results suggest that epithelial cells may be a major source of 5-oxo-ETE under conditions of oxidative stress, which may contribute to eosinophil infiltration in allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Rudolf Erlemann
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 2P2
| | - Chantal Cossette
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 2P2
| | - Sylvie Gravel
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 2P2
| | - Alain Lesimple
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, McGill University, 740 Dr Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A4
| | - Gue-Jae Lee
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901-6982, USA
| | - Goutam Saha
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901-6982, USA
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901-6982, USA
| | - William S. Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 2P2
| |
Collapse
|