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Joshi IV, Chan EC, Lack JB, Liu C, Druey KM. RGS4 controls airway hyperresponsiveness through GAP-independent mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107127. [PMID: 38432633 PMCID: PMC11065749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins constrain G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated and other responses throughout the body primarily, but not exclusively, through their GTPase-activating protein activity. Asthma is a highly prevalent condition characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) to environmental stimuli resulting in part from amplified GPCR-mediated airway smooth muscle contraction. Rgs2 or Rgs5 gene deletion in mice enhances AHR and airway smooth muscle contraction, whereas RGS4 KO mice unexpectedly have decreased AHR because of increased production of the bronchodilator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by lung epithelial cells. Here, we found that knockin mice harboring Rgs4 alleles encoding a point mutation (N128A) that sharply curtails RGS4 GTPase-activating protein activity had increased AHR, reduced airway PGE2 levels, and augmented GPCR-induced bronchoconstriction compared with either RGS4 KO mice or WT controls. RGS4 interacted with the p85α subunit of PI3K and inhibited PI3K-dependent PGE2 secretion elicited by transforming growth factor beta in airway epithelial cells. Together, these findings suggest that RGS4 affects asthma severity in part by regulating the airway inflammatory milieu in a G protein-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilin V Joshi
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eunice C Chan
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin B Lack
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, NHLBI/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirk M Druey
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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2
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Kuang PP, Liu XQ, Li CG, He BX, Xie YC, Wu ZC, Li CL, Deng XH, Fu QL. Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing interleukin-10 prevent allergic airway inflammation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:369. [PMID: 38093354 PMCID: PMC10720159 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Allergic airway inflammation is prevalent worldwide and imposes a considerable burden on both society and affected individuals. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic advantages of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) overexpressed interleukin-10 (IL-10) for the treatment of allergic airway inflammation, as both IL-10 and MSCs possess immunosuppressive properties. METHODS Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived MSCs were engineered to overexpress IL-10 via lentiviral transfection (designated as IL-10-MSCs). MSCs and IL-10-MSCs were administered intravenously to mice with allergic inflammation induced by ovalbumin (OVA), and the features of allergic inflammation including inflammatory cell infiltration, Th cells in the lungs, and T helper 2 cell (Th2) cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined. MSCs and IL-10-MSCs were co-cultured with CD4+ T cells from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), and the levels of Th2 cells and corresponding type 2 cytokines were studied. RNA-sequence was performed to further investigate the potential effects of MSCs and IL-10-MSCs on CD4+ T cells. RESULTS Stable IL-10-MSCs were established and characterised by high IL-10 expression. IL-10-MSCs significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial goblet cell numbers in the lung tissues of mice with allergic airway inflammation. Inflammatory cell and cytokine levels in BALF also decreased after the administration of IL-10-MSCs. Moreover, IL-10-MSCs showed a stronger capacity to inhibit the levels of Th2 after co-cultured with CD4+ T cells from patients with AR. Furthermore, we elucidated lower levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in IL-10-MSCs treated CD4+ T cells, and blockade of IL-10 significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of IL-10-MSCs. We also reported the mRNA profiles of CD4+ T cells treated with IL-10-MSCs and MSCs, in which IL-10 played an important role. CONCLUSION IL-10-MSCs showed positive effects in the treatment of allergic airway inflammation, providing solid support for the use of genetically engineered MSCs as a potential novel therapy for allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Peng Kuang
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan-Gu Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xin He
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Chun Xie
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Cong Wu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Lin Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Deng
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Song J, Li M, Chen C, Zhou J, Wang L, Yan Y, She J, Tong L, Song Y. Regulator of G protein signaling protein 6 alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and promoting cell self-renewal in mice. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:102. [PMID: 38066447 PMCID: PMC10709870 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a disease with high mortality and morbidity. Regulator of G protein signaling protein 6 (RGS6), identified as a tumor suppressor gene, has received increasing attention owing to its close relationship with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the association between ARDS and RGS6 has not been reported. METHODS Congruously regulated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-related genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in an acute lung injury (ALI) model were identified, and functional enrichment analysis was conducted. In an in vivo study, the effects of RGS6 knockout were studied in a mouse model of ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). HE staining, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate pathological changes and the degree of inflammation. In vitro, qRT‒PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting were used to determine the dynamic changes in RGS6 expression in cells. The RGS6 overexpression plasmid was constructed for transfection. qRT‒PCR was used to assess proinflammatory factors transcription. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to evaluate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Organoid culture was used to assess the stemness and self-renewal capacity of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2s). RESULTS A total of 110 congruously regulated genes (61 congruously upregulated and 49 congruously downregulated genes) were identified among GPCR-related genes and DEGs in the ALI model. RGS6 was downregulated in vivo and in vitro in the ALI model. RGS6 was expressed in the cytoplasm and accumulated in the nucleus after LPS stimulation. Compared with the control group, we found higher mortality, more pronounced body weight changes, more serious pulmonary edema and pathological damage, and more neutrophil infiltration in the RGS6 knockout group upon LPS stimulation in vivo. Moreover, AEC2s loss was significantly increased upon RGS6 knockout. Organoid culture assays showed slower alveolar organoid formation, fewer alveolar organoids, and impaired development of new structures after passaging upon RGS6 knockout. In addition, RGS6 overexpression decreased ROS production as well as proinflammatory factor transcription in macrophages and decreased apoptosis in epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS RGS6 plays a protective role in ALI not only in early inflammatory responses but also in endogenous lung stem cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Song
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun She
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lin Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China.
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China.
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Goode EJ, Marczylo E. A scoping review: What are the cellular mechanisms that drive the allergic inflammatory response to fungal allergens in the lung epithelium? Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12252. [PMID: 37357550 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway disease (AAD) is a collective term for respiratory disorders that can be exacerbated upon exposure to airborne allergens. The contribution of fungal allergens to AAD has become well established over recent years. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to better understand the mechanisms involved in the allergic response to fungi in airway epithelia, identify knowledge gaps and make recommendations for future research. The search resulted in 61 studies for final analysis. Despite heterogeneity in the models and methods used, we identified major pathways involved in fungal allergy. These included the activation of protease-activated receptor 2, the EGFR pathway, adenosine triphosphate and purinergic receptor-dependent release of IL33, and oxidative stress, which drove mucin expression and goblet cell metaplasia, Th2 cytokine production, reduced barrier integrity, eosinophil recruitment, and airway hyperresponsiveness. However, there were several knowledge gaps and therefore we recommend future research should focus on the use of more physiologically relevant methods to directly compare key allergenic fungal species, clarify specific mechanisms of fungal allergy, and assess the fungal allergy in disease models. This will inform disease management and future interventions, ultimately reducing the burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Jane Goode
- Toxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, UK
| | - Emma Marczylo
- Toxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, UK
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Worm M, Vieths S, Mahler V. An update on anaphylaxis and urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1265-1278. [PMID: 36481047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Notable scientific developments have taken place in the field of anaphylaxis and urticaria in recent years; they are highlighted in this review. Case-control studies, genome-wide association studies, and large omics analyses have promoted further insights into not only the underlying genetics but also the biomarkers of both anaphylaxis and urticaria. New evidence regarding IgE-dependent and non-IgE-dependent mechanisms of anaphylaxis and urticaria, including the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (MRGPR [formerly MRG]) signaling pathway, has been gained. Putative elicitors of anaphylactic reactions in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management and course of chronic urticaria have been reported. Clinical progress has also been made regarding the severity grading and risk factors of anaphylaxis, as well as the distinction of phenotypes and elicitors of both diseases. Furthermore, novel treatment approaches for anaphylaxis and subtypes of urticaria have been assessed, with different outcome and potential for a better disease control or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margitta Worm
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Vera Mahler
- Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
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Sharma N, Nagaraj C, Nagy BM, Marsh LM, Bordag N, Zabini D, Wygrecka M, Klepetko W, Gschwandtner E, Genové G, Heinemann A, Weir EK, Kwapiszewska G, Olschewski H, Olschewski A. RGS5 Determines Neutrophil Migration in the Acute Inflammatory Phase of Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179342. [PMID: 34502263 PMCID: PMC8430858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) represents a widespread system of controllers of cellular responses. The activities of the R4 subfamily of RGSs have been elucidated in allergic pulmonary diseases. However, the R4 signaling in other inflammatory lung diseases, with a strong cellular immune response, remained unexplored. Thus, our study aimed to discern the functional relevance of the R4 family member, RGS5, as a potential modulating element in this context. Gene profiling of the R4 subfamily showed increased RGS5 expression in human fibrosing lung disease samples. In line with this, RGS5 was markedly increased in murine lungs following bleomycin injury. RGS knock-out mice (RGS-/-) had preserved lung function while control mice showed significant combined ventilatory disorders three days after bleomycin application as compared to untreated control mice. Loss of RGS5 was associated with a significantly reduced neutrophil influx and tissue myeloperoxidase expression. In the LPS lung injury model, RGS5-/- mice also failed to recruit neutrophils into the lung, which was accompanied by reduced tissue myeloperoxidase levels after 24 h. Our in-vitro assays showed impaired migration of RGS5-/- neutrophils towards chemokines despite preserved Ca2+ signaling. ERK dephosphorylation might play a role in reduced neutrophil migration in our model. As a conclusion, loss of RGS5 preserves lung function and attenuates hyperinflammation in the acute phase of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and LPS-induced lung injury. Targeting RGS5 might alleviate the severity of exacerbations in interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.N.); (B.M.N.); (L.M.M.); (N.B.); (D.Z.); (G.K.); (H.O.)
- Experimental Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.N.); (B.M.N.); (L.M.M.); (N.B.); (D.Z.); (G.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Bence M. Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.N.); (B.M.N.); (L.M.M.); (N.B.); (D.Z.); (G.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Leigh M. Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.N.); (B.M.N.); (L.M.M.); (N.B.); (D.Z.); (G.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Natalie Bordag
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.N.); (B.M.N.); (L.M.M.); (N.B.); (D.Z.); (G.K.); (H.O.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Diana Zabini
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.N.); (B.M.N.); (L.M.M.); (N.B.); (D.Z.); (G.K.); (H.O.)
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (W.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisabeth Gschwandtner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (W.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Guillem Genové
- Integrated CardioMetabolic Centre (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - E Kenneth Weir
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.N.); (B.M.N.); (L.M.M.); (N.B.); (D.Z.); (G.K.); (H.O.)
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.N.); (B.M.N.); (L.M.M.); (N.B.); (D.Z.); (G.K.); (H.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.N.); (B.M.N.); (L.M.M.); (N.B.); (D.Z.); (G.K.); (H.O.)
- Experimental Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)316-385-72057
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7
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Li E, Rodriguez A, Luong AU, Allen D, Knight JM, Kheradmand F, Corry DB. The immune response to airway mycosis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 62:45-50. [PMID: 34052540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The allergic airway diseases chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis/aspergillosis (ABPM/A), and cystic fibrosis (CF) share a common immunological signature marked by TH2 and TH17 cell predominant immune responses, the production of IgE antibody, and a typical inflammatory cell infiltrate that includes eosinophils and other innate immune effector cells. Severe forms of these disorders have long been recognized as being related to hypersensitivity reactions to environmental fungi. Increasingly however,environmental fungi are assuming a more primary role in the etiology of these disorders, with airway mycosis, a type of non-invasive airway fungal infection, recognized as an essential driving factor in at least severe subsets of allergic airway diseases. In this review, we consider recent progress made in understanding the immune mechanisms that drive airway mycosis-related diseases, improvements in immune-based diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches that target key immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Li
- Departments ofMedicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | | | - Amber U Luong
- Department of Otolaryngology, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Morgan Knight
- Departments of Pathology & Immunology, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Departments ofMedicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA; Departments of Pathology & Immunology, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA; Michael E. Debakey Veterans Administration Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David B Corry
- Departments ofMedicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA; Departments of Pathology & Immunology, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA; Michael E. Debakey Veterans Administration Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, USA.
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8
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Yombo DJK, Odayar V, Gupta N, Jegga AG, Madala SK. The Protective Effects of IL-31RA Deficiency During Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645717. [PMID: 33815402 PMCID: PMC8017338 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a severe fibrotic lung disease characterized by excessive collagen deposition and progressive decline in lung function. Th2 T cell-derived cytokines including IL-4 and IL-13 have been shown to contribute to inflammation and fibrotic remodeling in multiple tissues. Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a newly identified cytokine that is predominantly produced by CD4 Th2 T cells, but its signaling receptor IL-31RA is primarily expressed by non-hematopoietic cells. However, the potential role of the IL-31-IL31RA axis in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis has remained largely unknown. To determine the role of IL-31RA deficiency in pulmonary fibrosis, wildtype, and IL-31RA knockout mice were treated with bleomycin and measured changes in collagen deposition and lung function. Notably, the loss of IL-31 signaling attenuated collagen deposition and lung function decline during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The total lung transcriptome analysis showed a significant reduction in fibrosis-associated gene transcripts including extracellular matrix and epithelial cell-associated gene networks. Furthermore, the lungs of human IPF showed an elevated expression of IL-31 when compared to healthy subjects. In support, the percentage of IL-31 producing CD4+ T cells was greater in the lungs and PBMCs from IPF patients compared to healthy controls. Our findings suggest a pathogenic role for IL-31/IL-31RA signaling during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, therapeutic targeting the IL-31-IL-31RA axis may prevent collagen deposition, improve lung function, and have therapeutic potential in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J K Yombo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Varshini Odayar
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nishant Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Anil G Jegga
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Fuentes N, McCullough M, Panettieri RA, Druey KM. RGS proteins, GRKs, and beta-arrestins modulate G protein-mediated signaling pathways in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107818. [PMID: 33600853 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by chronic lung inflammation and reversible airways obstruction. Pathophysiological features of asthma include episodic and reversible airway narrowing due to increased bronchial smooth muscle shortening in response to external and host-derived mediators, excessive mucus secretion into the airway lumen, and airway remodeling. The aberrant airway smooth muscle (ASM) phenotype observed in asthma manifests as increased sensitivity to contractile mediators (EC50) and an increase in the magnitude of contraction (Emax); collectively these attributes have been termed "airways hyper-responsiveness" (AHR). This defining feature of asthma can be promoted by environmental factors including airborne allergens, viruses, and air pollution and other irritants. AHR reduces airway caliber and obstructs airflow, evoking clinical symptoms such as cough, wheezing and shortness of breath. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have a central function in asthma through their impact on ASM and airway inflammation. Many but not all treatments for asthma target GPCRs mediating ASM contraction or relaxation. Here we discuss the roles of specific GPCRs, G proteins, and their associated signaling pathways, in asthma, with an emphasis on endogenous mechanisms of GPCR regulation of ASM tone and lung inflammation including regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins, G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), and β-arrestin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Fuentes
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Morgan McCullough
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Kirk M Druey
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
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Druey KM, McCullough M, Krishnan R. Aspergillus fumigatus Protease Alkaline Protease 1 (Alp1): A New Therapeutic Target for Fungal Asthma. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E88. [PMID: 32560087 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We review three recent findings that have fundamentally altered our understanding of causative mechanisms underlying fungal-related asthma. These mechanisms may be partially independent of host inflammatory processes but are strongly dependent upon the actions of Alp1 on lung structural cells. They entail (i) bronchial epithelial sensing of Alp1; (ii) Alp1-induced airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction; (iii) Alp1-induced airflow obstruction. Collectively, these mechanisms point to Alp1 as a new target for intervention in fungal asthma.
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