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Singh N. Neurobiological basis for the application of yoga in drug addiction. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1373866. [PMID: 38699450 PMCID: PMC11064691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1373866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
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Medeni V, Gingir C, Medeni İ, Uğraş Dikmen A, İlhan MN. Neck Pain, Mental Status, and Associated Factors Among Hospital Secretaries: A Cross-Sectional Study From Turkey. J Pain Res 2024; 17:1223-1233. [PMID: 38524694 PMCID: PMC10961062 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s453713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neck disorders occur in the presence of various risk factors. Determining the cause-effect relationship is highly important in treating existing health problems. Our study aimed to determine the relationship between neck pain and mental status and the factors affecting them in hospital secretaries. Materials and Methods The study was cross-sectional. A total of 427 people who had been working as hospital secretaries at Gazi University Medical Faculty Hospital for at least one year were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics, working conditions, psychopathology levels, and the presence of neck pain were questioned. The study was conducted with 354 (82.9%) people. Results 34.3% of the hospital secretaries had neck pain, and 26.3% required psychiatric evaluation. There was a statistically significant (p<0.001) difference in neck pain according to gender, adjustability of the chair, accessibility of the tools, and the need for psychiatric evaluation. Data was collected during November 2022. Those who did neck exercises during the study period had lower mean scores on the General Health Questionnaire-12 than those who did not, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). According to the General Health Questionnaire-12 scores and the Bournemouth Neck Pain Questionnaire Scale, there is a significant (p<0.001), positive, and moderate (r=0.481) correlation between the frequency of mental problems and neck pain disability levels. Conclusion The relationship between the need for psychiatric status evaluation and neck pain is striking. A significant proportion of hospital secretaries complain of neck pain, work in non-ergonomic conditions, and need psychiatric evaluation. The study's results underline the necessity of targeted workplace interventions and wellness procedures, highlighting the need to implement ergonomic improvements, promote regular exercise regimes, and provide psychosocial support services to improve the general well-being of hospital secretaries and develop a better working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Medeni
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Gingir
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İrem Medeni
- Employee Health Department, General Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asiye Uğraş Dikmen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Necmi İlhan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Vasudev A, Ionson E, Sathiaselan J, Thatipalli A, Chauhan A, Hassan C, Sukhera J, Speechley M, Forchuk C. A feasibility (pilot) mixed methods study of an innovative non-pharmacological breath-based yoga and social-emotional intervention program in an at-risk youth sample in London, Canada. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:26. [PMID: 38321567 PMCID: PMC10848429 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various service provision models for youth at risk of homelessness have been researched and implemented, including access to housing and physical and mental health resources. However, even with these interventions, we remain unaware of how best to manage symptoms of depression and anxiety and the rate of drug use in these populations primarily because of a lack of feasibility data. METHODS This paper presents the results of a mixed-methods study in London, Canada, that examined the feasibility of implementing a biopsychosocial intervention, SKY Schools, in at-risk youth aged between 16 and 25 (n = 49). The study also recorded qualitative responses about the program's usefulness from the perspective of the service users. The SKY Schools intervention consisted of social-emotional learning combined with Sudarshan Kriya Yoga, a standardized yoga-based breathing exercise routine. The intervention program was divided into two phases: an active learning phase and a reinforcement phase. The following feasibility outcome measures were collected: (1) the number of potential participants approached per month, (2) number (proportion) who were successfully screened, (3) the proportion of screened participants who enrolled, (4) the rate of retention in the study, (5) rate of adherence to study protocol, (6) proportion of planned ratings that were completed, (7) intervention cost per case, (8) completeness of final data for analysis, (9) length of time to collect all data, (10) quality of all collected data, (11) determining if partnering community organizations were willing to conduct the study as per study protocol, (12) determining if there were any capacity issues with partners providing intervention and investigators being able to perform the tasks that they were committed to doing, (13) determining if there were any problems of entering the data into a computer, (14) preliminary data about the safety of the intervention, and (15) preliminary estimate of treatment effects. RESULTS All feasibility outcome measures were collectible. In the city of London, Canada it was feasible to conduct a pilot study in this population of youth at risk of homelessness. Foremost among the findings was a high retention rate (61.2%) and overall positive qualitative feedback with a number of potential suggestions to improve the delivery and quality of the intervention. However, we had a significantly low recruitment rate (0.27 participants per week) suggesting that multiple sites will be needed to achieve an adequate sample size for a subsequent definitive trial. CONCLUSIONS Future researchers may consider the findings of this feasibility study when designing a randomized control trial to further assess the efficacy and tolerability of SKY Schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02749240. Registered April 22, 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02749240 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshya Vasudev
- Integrative Psychiatry Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute and Parkwood Institute of Research, Parkwood Mental Health Building, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Emily Ionson
- Integrative Psychiatry Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute and Parkwood Institute of Research, Parkwood Mental Health Building, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Janani Sathiaselan
- Integrative Psychiatry Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute and Parkwood Institute of Research, Parkwood Mental Health Building, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anurag Thatipalli
- Integrative Psychiatry Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute and Parkwood Institute of Research, Parkwood Mental Health Building, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aman Chauhan
- Integrative Psychiatry Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute and Parkwood Institute of Research, Parkwood Mental Health Building, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Hassan
- Integrative Psychiatry Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute and Parkwood Institute of Research, Parkwood Mental Health Building, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Javeed Sukhera
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Speechley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cheryl Forchuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
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Korkmaz A, Bernhardsen GP, Cirit B, Koprucu Suzer G, Kayan H, Biçmen H, Tahra M, Suner A, Lehto SM, Sag D, Saatcioglu F. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga Breathing and a Meditation Program for Burnout Among Physicians: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2353978. [PMID: 38294813 PMCID: PMC10831575 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.53978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Physicians are exposed to high stress and strain that results in burnout, which affects them, their families, their patients, and the entire health care system; thus, there is an urgent need to develop methods to increase the resiliency of physicians. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a comprehensive yoga breathing and meditation-based program that is a potential approach to mitigate physician burnout. Objective To determine whether SKY can reduce psychological distress and improve wellness in physicians. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial assessed the potential efficacy of SKY compared with a stress management education (SME) training as control. This study was conducted online from November 11, 2021, to March 14, 2022, and included physicians from Turkey, Germany, and Dubai. Both the SKY and the SME control groups received 1.5 hours of training for 3 consecutive days via a group video conference call. Participants were physicians willing to do some form of relaxation exercise everyday for 2 months. Exclusion criteria included presence of major illness and maintaining a regular mind-body program practice. Statistical analysis took place from March to November 2023. Interventions Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 into 2 groups-the SKY group or the SME (control) group-using a computer algorithm. After the 3-day instruction period, the participants in the SKY group practiced for approximately 30 minutes per day on their own and participated in a weekly 1-hour, group-based online follow-up practice. After the 3-day instruction period, participants in the SME group reviewed and applied the notes from stress management education training at their initiative and had a weekly 1-hour group-based online follow-up session. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were stress and depression (measured by the 42-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale [DASS-42]) and insomnia measured by the Regensburg Insomnia Scale (RIS) with primary end point at 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes included anxiety (DASS-42); optimism (Life Orientation Test-Revised [LOT-R]); professional fulfillment, work exhaustion, interpersonal disengagement, and overall burnout (Professional Fulfillment Index [PFI]); and self-reported professional errors (Self-Reported Professional Error Questionnaire). Results This study included 129 participants (SME, 63 participants [48.9%]; SKY, 66 participants [51.1%]; 115 females [89.2%]; 14 males [10.8%]; mean [SD] age, 46.2 [9.0] years). Compared with the SME control group, participants in the SKY group had significantly decreased stress on the DASS-42 at posttraining (difference, -6.8 points; 95% CI, -9.6 to -4.1 points; P = .006) and at postintervention (difference, -6.0 points; 95% CI, -8.8 to -3.3 points; P = .03), significantly decreased depression at posttraining (difference, -5.7 points; 95% CI, -8.6 to -2.8 points; P < .001) and postintervention (difference, -5.4 points; 95% CI, -8.3 to -2.5 points; P < .001), and significantly decreased anxiety at postintervention. In addition, there was a significant decrease in insomnia from baseline to postintervention in the SKY group (difference, -0.3 points; 95% CI, -2.3 to 1.7 points; P = .01). The SKY group also showed significantly increased professional fulfillment as well as significant decreases in work exhaustion, interpersonal disengagement, and burnout. There was no effect on self-reported medical errors. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, physicians who regularly practiced SKY throughout a 2-month period experienced improvements in wellness and decreased burnout. These data suggest that SKY may be an effective, practical, and safe strategy to increase wellness and mitigate burnout in physicians. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05956470.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Korkmaz
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guro Pauck Bernhardsen
- Division of Mental Health Services, Department of Research and Development, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Burcu Cirit
- University of Health Sciences, Ataturk Chest Diseases Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Muratcan Tahra
- School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asli Suner
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Soili Marianne Lehto
- Division of Mental Health Services, Department of Research and Development, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Duygu Sag
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fahri Saatcioglu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Fincham GW, Kartar A, Uthaug MV, Anderson B, Hall L, Nagai Y, Critchley H, Colasanti A. High ventilation breathwork practices: An overview of their effects, mechanisms, and considerations for clinical applications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105453. [PMID: 37923236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
High Ventilation Breathwork (HVB) refers to practices employing specific volitional manipulation of breathing, with a long history of use to relieve various forms of psychological distress. This paper seeks to offer a consolidative insight into potential clinical application of HVB as a treatment of psychiatric disorders. We thus review the characteristic phenomenological and neurophysiological effects of these practices to inform their mechanism of therapeutic action, safety profiles and future clinical applications. Clinical observations and data from neurophysiological studies indicate that HVB is associated with extraordinary changes in subjective experience, as well as with profound effects on central and autonomic nervous systems functions through modulation of neurometabolic parameters and interoceptive sensory systems. This growing evidence base may guide how the phenomenological effects of HVB can be understood, and potentially harnessed in the context of such volitional perturbation of psychophysiological state. Reports of putative beneficial effects for trauma-related, affective, and somatic disorders invite further research to obtain detailed mechanistic knowledge, and rigorous clinical testing of these potential therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy W Fincham
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK; University of Sussex, School of Psychology, Brighton, UK.
| | - Amy Kartar
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Malin V Uthaug
- The Centre for Psychedelic Research, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, UK; Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Brittany Anderson
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Lottie Hall
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Yoko Nagai
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Alessandro Colasanti
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust.
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Unudurthi SD, Wright KD, Klimpel JM, Sud A, Tan A, Warren BJ. Sudarshan Kriya Meditation Reduces Substance Abuse Cravings and Improves Physical and Emotional Well-Being of Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder: A Pilot Study. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2023; 61:51-59. [PMID: 36989479 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20230321-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is widely prevalent in the United States and there are high levels of comorbidity between OUD and mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychotherapy, in addition to medication-assisted therapy, are considered important components of long-term OUD treatment. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a breathing-based mind-body intervention that has been demonstrated to have multiple physiological and psychological benefits. In the current study, participants (N = 8) recruited from a rural community were offered SKY in addition to treatment-as-usual. Physical and psychological well-being were measured using the Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale-24, Short Form-36, Perceived Stress Scale, and participant logs and journals. Of eight participants, seven (87.5%) successfully completed the SKY intervention. Compared to baseline, there was a significant decrease in substance use cravings (p = 0.04) and depression (p = 0.01). In addition, physical functioning and emotional well-being significantly increased after SKY. SKY demonstrated efficacy in improving physical and social functioning along with enhancing mental and emotional well-being. Larger-scale trials should be performed to validate these findings. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61(8), 51-59.].
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Verma S. Substance Use Disorders and Role of Complementary and Integrative Medicine/Functional Medicine. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2023; 32:217-241. [PMID: 37147038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are a growing concern for all ages, including adolescents. Even though there is an increase in recreational substance use and a wider variety of drugs is available to this young population, treatment options remain scarce. Most medications have limited evidence in this population. Few specialists treat individuals struggling with addiction along with mental health disorders. As the evidence grows, these treatments are usually included in complementary and integrative medicine. This article discusses available evidence for many complementary and integrative treatment approaches while briefly describing existing psychotherapeutic and psychotropic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Verma
- Evolve-PC Residential Treatment Centers, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, IL.
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8
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Wu Y, Yan D, Yang J. Effectiveness of yoga for major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1138205. [PMID: 37032928 PMCID: PMC10077871 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1138205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a relapse rate that cannot be ignored and places a tremendous burden on the patient in the prevention and treatment process. Yoga, a combination of physical and mental exercises, is effective and acceptable for the adjunctive treatment of MDD. This study aimed to explore further the evidence of yoga's efficacy for patients with MDD. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases from their inception to 13 October 2022 were searched by a pre-defined search strategy. RCTs of patients with MDD who met diagnostic criteria for yoga treatment were included. RoB2.0 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Improvement in depressive symptoms was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), or other scales were used as primary outcome indicators, and improvement in anxiety was assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scale as secondary outcome indicators. RR and Cohen's d at 95% CI were used as effect size estimates, and Q and I2 were used to evaluate the size of heterogeneity, with a p-value less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results Thirty-four RCT studies, including 1,269 patients in the treatment group and 1,072 patients in the control group, 48.4% of whom were women, were included in the study. Compared to the control group, the BDI-II results yielded a moderate effect of yoga on the improvement of depressive symptoms (Cohen's d = -0.60; 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.21; p < 0.01), the HAMD results yielded a moderate improvement of yoga on the severity of depressive symptoms (Cohen's d = -0.64; 95% CI: -0.98 to -0.30; p < 0.01), and the STAI results can be concluded that yoga had a negligible effect on the improvement of the level of anxiety (Cohen's d = -0.26; 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.04; p = 0.02). No adverse events occurred in the yoga group during the treatment. Conclusion Yoga can improve depressive symptoms and anxiety in patients with MDD and has a safe and wide patient acceptance. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [PROSPERO, CRD42022373282].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianli Yang
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Gangadhar BN. Evidence-based integration of yoga in psychiatric practice. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:5-11. [PMID: 36874516 PMCID: PMC9983454 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_813_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Yoga has been put to test in clinical medicine to build evidence. There has been a steep rise in yoga research through 2010, threefold in the next decade. Despite challenges, clinicians have explored yoga intervention in several disorders. The available data have been examined using meta-analysis when there are more studies. Psychiatric disorders treated with yoga have attracted more research. Some examples include depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), somatoform pain, addiction, mild cognitive impairment, and elderly and childhood disorders. Current manuscript focuses on highlighting the major steps towards generating evidence that have led to integration of yoga into psychiatry practice. It also discusses various challenges and the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Gangadhar
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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10
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Breathing-based meditation (Sudarshan Kriya Yoga) increases sense of coherence. No-cost stress prevention. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bhandari R. Online Yoga and Ayurveda Intervention as Tertiary Prevention of Psychological Comorbidities in COVID-19 Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Neurosci 2022; 29:233-244. [PMID: 37064289 PMCID: PMC10101154 DOI: 10.1177/09727531221117623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose About 56% of symptomatic COVID-19 survivors have been found with neuropsychological comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), and impaired quality of life (QoL). Alongside, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, regenerative, immunomodulatory, cardio-pulmonary health promotive, and psychological benefits of yogic and Ayurvedic intervention are well documented. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of online Yoga (OYI) and Yoga cum Ayurveda intervention (OYAI) on COVID-19-induced depression, anxiety, PTSD, and poor QoL. Method Seventy-two participants (males/females: 33/26) with at least a 3-month back history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection and age (mean ± SD: 32.33 ± 9.9 and 33.04 ± 12.9 for males and females, respectively) were recruited from Patanjali Ayurveda Hospital, Haridwar, India, and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, before random allocation into an equal-sized control group (CG), Yoga group (YG) and Yoga cum concoction (YCG) group. Split-plot analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests with Bonferroni adjusted post hoc comparisons were computed for normal and nonnormal data using IBM SPSS (25th Version, SPSS South Asia Private Limited, Bangalore, India). Results Both the treatments—the 30-day OYI and OYAI, significantly improved depression ( P < .002, ES: -0.99 and P < .001, ES: -2.11), anxiety ( P < .001, ES: -1.32 and -1.89), PTSD ( P < .001, ES: -1.8 and -1.83) and QoL related constructs ( P < .001, ES: 0.63 and 0.76; 0.71 and 0.93 for each OYI and OYAI versus general health and physical health; P < .001, ES: 0.65 for OYAI versus psychological health; and P < .003, ES: 0.54 for OYI versus environment) of the participants compared to the controls. Conclusion OYAI may better ameliorate COVID-19-induced psychological comorbidities than OYI with no adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Bhandari
- Department of Yoga Science, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
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12
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Gunillasdotter V, Andréasson S, Jirwe M, Ekblom Ö, Hallgren M. Effects of exercise in non-treatment seeking adults with alcohol use disorder: A three-armed randomized controlled trial (FitForChange). Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109266. [PMID: 35033949 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) do not seek treatment. Stigma and the desire to self-manage the problem are likely explanations. Exercise is an emerging treatment option but studies in non-treatment seeking individuals are lacking. We compared the effects of aerobic exercise, yoga, and treatment as usual (phone-based support) on alcohol consumption in non-treatment seeking adults with AUD. METHODS Three-group parallel, single blind, randomized controlled trial. 140 physically inactive adults aged 18-75 diagnosed with AUD were included in this community-based trial. Participants were randomized to either aerobic exercise (n = 49), yoga (n = 46) or treatment as usual (n = 45) for 12-weeks. The primary study outcome was weekly alcohol consumption at week 13 (Timeline Follow-back). RESULTS A significant decrease in weekly alcohol consumption was seen in all three groups: aerobic exercise (mean ∆ = - 5.0, 95% C = - 10.3, - 3.5), yoga group (mean ∆ = - 6.9, 95% CI = - 10.3, - 3.5) and TAU (mean ∆ = - 6.6, 95% CI = - 8.8, - 4.4). The between group changes were not statistically significant at follow-up. Per-protocol analyzes showed that the mean number of drinks per week reduced more in both TAU (mean ∆ = - 7.1, 95% CI = - 10.6, - 3.7) and yoga (mean ∆ = - 8.7, 95% CI = - 13.2, - 4.1) compared to aerobic exercise (mean ∆ = - 1.7, 95% CI = - 4.4, 1. 0), [F(2, 55) = 4.9, p = 0.011]. CONCLUSIONS Participation in a 12-week stand-alone exercise program was associated with clinically meaningful reductions in alcohol consumption comparable to usual care (phone counseling) by an alcohol treatment specialist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gunillasdotter
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance use and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Sweden, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Services, 114 35 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Andréasson
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance use and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Sweden, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Services, 114 35 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Jirwe
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences, the Swedish Red Cross University College, 14121 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Science (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 114 33 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance use and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Malviya S, Meredith P, Zupan B, Kerley L. Identifying alternative mental health interventions: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of chanting and breathwork. JOURNAL OF SPIRITUALITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2021.2010631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Malviya
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Pamela Meredith
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Barbra Zupan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Lachlan Kerley
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Yadav P, Chatterjee K, Prakash J, Salhotra N, Chauhan VS, Srivastava K. Impact of breathing and relaxation training (Sudarshan Kriya) on cases of alcohol dependence syndrome. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:341-345. [PMID: 35017822 PMCID: PMC8709521 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_117_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse is a public health problem and the course of alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) is known for its relapsing nature. Additional interventions with empirical evidence are worthy of consideration. Breathing and Relaxation Training, like Sudarshan Kriya (SK) is recommended for stress management, and have been shown to positively affect outcomes in stress-related disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an intervention of Breathing and Relaxation Training, on drinking behavior in patients of ADS. METHODOLOGY Eighty in-patients diagnosed with ADS were included after obtaining informed consent, in this prospective study and were randomized into two groups. They were administered Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) at admission and 6-months after discharge. The Study group (n = 40) underwent a 6-day intervention of Breathing and relaxation Training (SK) apart from the standard therapy. "WHO-5 Well-Being Index" was administered before and after the training. The Control group was exposed to the standard therapy for ADS. A follow-up on a monthly basis and finally at 6-month interval was done to assess alcohol consumption status. RESULTS Socio-demographically both the groups were comparable. The breathing and relaxation training (study) group had a significant rise in "WHO-5 Well-Being Index" (P < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in AUDIT scores after 6 months in both groups. AUDIT scores were significantly lower in the study group (11.20 ± 2.81) than the control group (15.30 ± 4.05) after 6 months (P < 0.001). The study group also reported fewer days of drinking (P = 0.004) and reduced overall drinking in the intervening period (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The addition of Breathing and Relaxation Training (SK) in the management of ADS provided additional therapeutic benefits in the form of fewer days of drinking and reduced total alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Yadav
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Vinay Singh Chauhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kalpana Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Toof J, Mann J, Ouzts Moore R. Rehabilitative Yoga and Mindfulness Counseling Interventions with People Who are Incarcerated. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2021.1921648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Toof
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jordan Mann
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ruth Ouzts Moore
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Bourbeau KC, Moriarty TA, Bellovary BN, Bellissimo GF, Ducharme JB, Haeny TJ, Zuhl MN. Cardiovascular, Cellular, and Neural Adaptations to Hot Yoga versus Normal-Temperature Yoga. Int J Yoga 2021; 14:115-126. [PMID: 34188383 PMCID: PMC8191229 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_134_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic heat exposure promotes cardiovascular and cellular adaptations, improving an organism's ability to tolerate subsequent stressors. Heat exposure may also promote neural adaptations and alter the neural-hormonal stress response. Hot-temperature yoga (HY) combines mind-body exercise with heat exposure. The added heat component in HY may induce cardiovascular and cellular changes, along with neural benefits and modulation of stress hormones. AIMS The purpose of the present study is to compare the cardiovascular, cellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), neural, and hormonal adaptations of HY versus normal-temperature yoga (NY). SETTINGS AND DESIGN Twenty-two subjects (males = 11 and females = 11, 26 ± 6 years) completed 4 weeks of NY (n = 11) or HY (n = 11, 41°C, 40% humidity). Yoga sessions were performed 3 times/week following a modified Bikram protocol. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Pre- and posttesting included (1) hemodynamic measures during a heat tolerance test and maximal aerobic fitness test; (2) neural and hormonal adaptations using serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), along with a mental stress questionnaire; and (3) cellular adaptations (HSP70) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Within- and between-group Student's t-test analyses were conducted to compare pre- and post-VO2 max, perceived stress, BDNF, HSP70, and ACTH in HY and NY groups. RESULTS Maximal aerobic fitness increased in the HY group only. No evidence of heat acclimation or change in mental stress was observed. Serum BDNF significantly increased in yoga groups combined. Analysis of HSP70 suggested higher expression of HSP70 in the HY group only. CONCLUSIONS Twelve sessions of HY promoted cardiovascular fitness and cellular thermotolerance adaptations. Serum BDNF increased in response to yoga (NY + HY) and appeared to not be temperature dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Christian Bourbeau
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa, USA
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Terence A Moriarty
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Gabriella F Bellissimo
- Department of Kinesiology, State University of New York College at Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy B Ducharme
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Truman J Haeny
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Micah N Zuhl
- School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
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Divya K, Bharathi S, Somya R, Darshan MH. Impact of a Yogic Breathing Technique on the Well-Being of Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Glob Adv Health Med 2021; 10:2164956120982956. [PMID: 33623726 PMCID: PMC7876755 DOI: 10.1177/2164956120982956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for healthcare globally, the brunt of which has been borne by the health care providers (HCPs). These challenges are felt more keenly in India, as they stretch an insufficiently resourced healthcare system. The long hours, cross over of responsibilities, lack of resources to adequately care for patients, and concerns around safety of self and loves ones, have led to a spike in anxiety, depression, insomnia and other stress - related disorders in healthcare providers. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a mind-body intervention that has been studied in multiple clinical populations. Prior to this study, there has been no exploration of the impact of SKY on healthcare providers, specifically the impact of a mind-body intervention like SKY on HCPs during a pandemic. Objective This study aims to investigate the impact of SKY on the well-being of HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a pilot feasibility study with a single arm pre-post design. SKY was taught to participants in a 4-day online breath and meditation workshop. We measured outcomes related to depression, anxiety, resilience, life satisfaction, and quality of sleep. Results Ninety-two subjects completed the study survey before and after the intervention. A significant reduction was observed in the levels of stress, anxiety and depression immediately after the program. In addition, the participants reported sig1nificant improvement in life satisfaction, resilience, and the quality of their sleep. Conclusion The results indicate that SKY breathing technique had a positive impact on the well-being of healthcare professionals during the pandemic. Participants experienced improved quality of sleep, enhanced satisfaction with life, and increased resilience after SKY. This pilot study provides important data for future multi-site randomized controlled trials to study the impact of yogic techniques on well-being of the HCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchibhotla Divya
- Molecular Biology and Genetics; Executive director, Sri Sri Institute for Advanced Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Saisudha Bharathi
- Pharmacology Scientist, Sri Sri Institute for Advanced Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramrakhyani Somya
- Master of Public Health, Doctor of Medicine; Faculty, Art of Living, USA
| | - Mehta H Darshan
- Master of Public Health, Doctor of Medicine; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Zope SA, Zope RA, Biri GA, Zope CS. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga: A Breath of Hope during COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Yoga 2021; 14:18-25. [PMID: 33840973 PMCID: PMC8023437 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_102_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Important counter measures to combat an infectious disease pandemic include vaccination, antiviral therapy, and immunomodulation therapy. Vaccinations are disease specific and moreover strain specific, so the protection provided is also specific and limited. Antiviral therapies are costly and require bulk production of drugs, hence globally there is an increased interest toward low-risk, cost-effective complementary alternative therapies, such as Yoga and Ayurveda to tackle the infectious pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is clinical evidence available on the potential complementary role of yogic practices in the management of noncommunicable and communicable diseases. Various online databases were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2020. Databases explored were Medline, EMBASE, Indian Citation Index, PsycINFO, Index Medicus for South-East Asia Region, and Google Scholar. All search results were screened, and articles related to keywords such as COVID-19, yoga therapy, and Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) were selected for data extraction. Quality of the studies included was evaluated on the basis of the construct validity, content validity, relevance, bias, credibility relating to information, and data sources. SKY is a unique yogic practice that includes specific sequential breathing techniques. It balances the autonomic nervous system and thus can alleviate anxiety, routine stress, depression, stress-related medical disorders, and posttraumatic stress. It potentiates natural host immune defenses that are essential to tackle a plethora of microbial infections. This narrative review article provides an overview of potential therapeutic benefits that SKY can offer to the population at large during this COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Anil Zope
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
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Bringmann HC, Bringmann N, Jeitler M, Brunnhuber S, Michalsen A, Sedlmeier P. Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification: Development of an Integrative Mind-Body Program for Mental Health and Human Flourishing. Complement Med Res 2020; 28:252-262. [PMID: 33285545 DOI: 10.1159/000512333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders are a core health challenge in the 21st century. Integrative mental health care takes an individual, lifestyle-modifying, salutogenic approach, combining somatic, psychosocial, and spiritual perspectives from evidence-based conventional and complementary medicine. In particular, meditation and mindfulness have received growing research interest in the last decade. In this article, we present Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification (MBLM), a new, complex mind-body intervention for mental health care. It is the first program to intensify meditation practice using classical yoga. The program (a) covers all areas of classical yoga, (b) considers ethical and spiritual aspects of daily life, (c) orients participants toward sustained lifestyle modification, and (d) is applicable in a clinical context. The scientific rationale of the program is outlined in this article, based on the Criteria for Reporting the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions in Healthcare. Further research is planned to show the clinical feasibility of MBLM and evaluate its efficacy, processes of change, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Carl Bringmann
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany, .,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Diakonie Kliniken Zschadraß, Colditz, Germany,
| | - Nicole Bringmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Diakonie Kliniken Zschadraß, Colditz, Germany
| | - Michael Jeitler
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Brunnhuber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Diakonie Kliniken Zschadraß, Colditz, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Sedlmeier
- Institute of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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20
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McKinney A. Determinants of Maintaining a Daily Yoga Practice: Health Locus of Control and Self-determination Theory Perspective. Int J Yoga 2020; 13:193-199. [PMID: 33343148 PMCID: PMC7735500 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the growing evidence of the health benefits of a yoga practice, little is known about the factors that contribute to its sustained practice. Aims The objectives of the present study were twofold: (1) to describe the personal characteristics (age, education level, and marital status) and yoga asana-related behavior of participants who practice Ashtanga and (2) to examine the health locus of control (HLOC) (an individual's beliefs about the extent of control that they have over things that happen to them) and self-determination theories. (People are able to become self-determined when their needs for competence, connection, and autonomy are fulfilled in relation to the motivated behavior.). Methods Ashtanga yoga practitioners (n = 100, age range: 20-62 years) reported practicing yoga at least once a week completed self-report questionnaires: demographics, asana practice, the Perceived Choice and Awareness of Self Scale, HLOC, the General Health Questionnaire-12, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results It was observed that participants practiced yoga for an average 6.43 years, 5 days a week for 93 min representing a sustained, motivated health-related behavior. Years of practice and percentage of time spent in home practice explain 9% of the variance in the awareness of self, and 7% is explained by the number of practice days a week and state anxiety. Ashtanga yoga practitioners have a high internal HLOC; this is related to reduced trait anxiety and increased perceived choice. Conclusions The Mysore system of yoga appears to facilitate sustained health-related behavior; it is suggested that health promotion should acknowledge the three aspects of self-determination theory: competence, autonomy, and relatedness, while focusing on the increasing intrinsic motivation and internalizing HLOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele McKinney
- Department of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kishan
- Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunur, Telangana, India
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22
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Hormonal Function Responses to Moderate Aerobic Exercise in Older Adults with Depression. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1271-1283. [PMID: 32821089 PMCID: PMC7423410 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s259422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poor daily life physical activities among older people were related to depressive mood especially memory loss. In addition to that, the change in physical ability is significantly associated with the score of depression among older age. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a supervised aerobic training program with moderate intensity for 12 weeks on mood profiles and hormonal levels of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) of older adults. Methods A total of 80 individuals of both gender (90 males, 110 females) of ages ranged between 65 and 95 years were recruited for this study. Based upon the profile of mood states (POMS) analysis, the participants were classified into two groups: control group (n=30) and depressive group (n=50). Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), adrenal hormones such as ACTH, corticosterone (CORT), cortisol, DHEA/S, and cortisol:DHEA/S ratio were measured at baseline and post-intervention of moderate aerobic exercise for 12 weeks. Results Older adults with higher depressive scores showed a remarkable change in the level of adrenal hormones compared to control. There was a significant increase in the level of ACTH, CORT, cortisol, and cortisol:DHEA/S ratio, and decrease in DHEA/S. Compared to females, males showed an improvement in depressive mood score along with an increase in LPTA, DHEA/S and decrease in ACTH, CORT, cortisol, cortisol:DHEA/S ratio following 12 weeks of supervised aerobic training, respectively. Conclusion The findings of this study showed that 12 weeks of supervised exercise interventions are promising non-drug therapeutic strategies in improving depression among older adults. The potential performance in a psychological state occurs physiologically via optimizing the levels of the hormones of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair (RRC), College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair (RRC), College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Seppälä EM, Bradley C, Moeller J, Harouni L, Nandamudi D, Brackett MA. Promoting Mental Health and Psychological Thriving in University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Three Well-Being Interventions. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:590. [PMID: 32760296 PMCID: PMC7373803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to address the decline in mental health on U.S. university campuses by examining the effects of three interventions. University students suffer from high levels of anxiety, depression, and suicide. Counseling centers on university campuses are struggling to meet increased demand. The cost to students and universities could be buffered by offering preventative, psychoeducational, and skill-building training programs that promote mental health and psychological thriving. To date, the research literature has not yielded systematically evaluated and recommendable preventative mental health and well-being programs for university students. In a registered, randomized controlled trial, 131 university students were either placed in a non-intervention control group (N = 47) or received training in one of three 30-hour, eight-week semester-long well-being programs: SKY Campus Happiness ("SKY"; N = 29), Foundations of Emotional Intelligence ("EI"; N = 21) or Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction ("MBSR"; N = 34). Compared to the control group and controlling for variance of baseline measurements and multiple comparisons, SKY Campus Happiness showed the greatest impact, benefiting six outcomes: depression, stress, mental health, mindfulness, positive affect and social connectedness. EI benefited one outcome: mindfulness. The MBSR group showed no change. Delivering SKY or EI to university students may be a cost-effective and efficient way to proactively and preventatively address mental health for university students and reduce the financial strain on universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Seppälä
- Yale Child Study Center & Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Christina Bradley
- Yale Child Study Center & Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Julia Moeller
- Department of Education, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leilah Harouni
- Yale Child Study Center & Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale School of Management, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dhruv Nandamudi
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marc A. Brackett
- Yale Child Study Center & Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Giménez-Meseguer J, Tortosa-Martínez J, Cortell-Tormo JM. The Benefits of Physical Exercise on Mental Disorders and Quality of Life in Substance Use Disorders Patients. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3680. [PMID: 32456164 PMCID: PMC7277811 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise seems to have a promising effect on numerous variables related to the recovery of drug-dependent patients. However, some contradictions are found in the literature. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to identify the effect of physical exercise on mental disorders, quality of life, abstinence, and craving, and make a comparison of the effect of exercise depending on the type of program. A search for articles was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Studies were selected that measured the acute effects or long-term effect (≥2 weeks) of exercise in patients who met criteria for alcohol use disorders or substance use disorders. A total of 59 studies were included. An effect of exercise on quality of life and mental disorders was identified. Subgroup analysis revealed an effect of exercise on stress (SMD = 1.11 (CI: 0.31, 1.91); z = 2.73; p = 0.006), anxiety (SMD = 0.50 (CI: 0.16, 0.84); z = 2.88; p = 0.004) and depression (SMD = 0.63 (CI: 0.34, 0.92); z = 4.31; p < 0.0001), and an effect of exercise on the eight variables included in the SF36 test. The results also showed a trend towards a positive effect on craving (SMD = 0.89 (CI: −0.05, 1.82); z = 1.85, p = 0.06). Body-mind activities and programs based on improving physical conditions produced similar results in mental disorders and quality of life. Available evidence indicates that physical exercise, both body-mind and physical fitness programs, can be effective in improving mental disorders, craving, and quality of life in drug-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Tortosa-Martínez
- Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (J.M.C.-T.)
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Gür F, Can Gür G. Is Exercise a Useful Intervention in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:520-537. [PMID: 32212949 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120913169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of exercise on individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) across multiple health outcomes. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Academic Search complete, Sport Discuss, and ERIC databases. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Interventional studies published between 2000 and 2018 focused on evaluating the effectiveness of exercise interventions in adults with AUD. DATA EXTRACTION This protocol was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocols standard and the Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies guidelines. DATA SYNTHESIS Physical activity levels/fitness [VO2 max (Oxygen Uptake) and HRmax (Maximum Heart Rate)], levels of depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, quality of life, and alcohol consumption (number of standard drinks consumed per day and per week). RESULTS The findings indicated that exercise significantly improved physical fitness as assessed by VO2 max (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.487, P < .05) and HRmax (SMD: 0.717, P < .05). Similarly, exercise significantly improved mental health as assessed by quality of life (SMD: 0.425, P < .05), but levels of depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and alcohol consumption did not change significantly. Aerobic exercise alleviated depression and anxiety symptoms more than that of yoga and mixed types. Duration of exercise also had a similar effect on anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS Exercise can be an effective and persistent adjunctive treatment for individuals with AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Gür
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Pamukkale, Pamukkale, Turkey
| | - Ganime Can Gür
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Pamukkale, Pamukkale, Turkey
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Gautam S, Jain A, Marwale AV, Gautam A. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Yoga and Other Alternative Therapies for Patients with Mental Disorders. Indian J Psychiatry 2020; 62:S272-S279. [PMID: 32055069 PMCID: PMC7001345 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_776_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Gautam
- Gautam Hospital and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | - Anita Gautam
- Gautam Hospital and Research Center, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Kanchibhotla D, Kulkarni S, Singh S. Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Yoga Program on Convicted Extremist Offenders. Int J Yoga 2020; 13:50-54. [PMID: 32030021 PMCID: PMC6937884 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_79_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to explore the effect of yoga techniques on well-being and behavior among those who have propagated and participated in extreme violence and aggression. The sample comprised 219 United Liberation Front of Assam militants selected immediately after surrender of arms in the year 2012 from all over northeast region of India. Methodology: The study design was a single group with pre- and posttest assessment. All participants attended a 40-day intensive Yoga workshop (Sudarshan Kriya Yoga, Pranayama, Physical postures or Hatha Yoga, Meditation) conducted at Art of Living International Centre, Bengaluru. The impact of spiritual practices was observed on peace, aggression, life satisfaction, and quality of life in individuals using the aggression Buss Perry questionnaire, WHOQOL-BREF, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. The questionnaires were administered at the beginning and at the end of the 40-day workshop. Results: Significant results using paired t-test clearly demonstrate that by following yoga techniques (Sudarshan Kriya, Yoga, and Meditation), a reduction in aggression, quality of life, and life satisfaction can be obtained. These practices can be useful for people who want to rehabilitate themselves after incarceration or experience of militancy. The purpose of these measures is to reduce the risk of future criminality by those already convicted of violent extremist offenses, thereby protecting public safety while also benefiting individuals and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kanchibhotla
- Sri Sri Institute for Advanced Research, Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Peeth, Art of Living International Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashank Kulkarni
- Sri Sri Institute for Advanced Research, Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Peeth, Art of Living International Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Sri Sri Institute for Advanced Research, Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Peeth, Art of Living International Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Wimberly AS. How yoga impacts the substance use of people living with HIV who are in reentry from prison or jail: A qualitative study. Complement Ther Med 2019; 47:102074. [PMID: 31780010 PMCID: PMC6886577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nascent research reflects the promise of yoga as a complementary treatment for substance use. While putative mechanisms behind yoga's impact on substance use have been proposed, the research is limited. This manuscript aims to determine how a hatha yoga intervention impacts the substance use of people who are in reentry from prison or jail (returning citizens), and living with HIV and substance use problems. DESIGN Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 returning citizens who participated in a yoga intervention. Guided by a qualitative descriptive methodology, thematic analysis was used to identify themes that answered how yoga impacted participant substance use. SETTING A community organization in Philadelphia, PA, USA that connects people to health services, provides education and supportive services, and advocates for people with criminal justice involvement. INTERVENTION A 90-minute hatha yoga class offered once a week for 12 weeks. RESULTS Fourteen participants reported that yoga either reduced substance use or maintained non-use, via the mechanisms of purposeful distraction, stress coping (by cultivating mindfulness and reducing physical discomfort), social support and confidence. Eleven participants reported that yoga did not impact their substance use. Three participants did not discuss it. CONCLUSIONS By providing purposeful distraction, increased stress coping, social support and confidence; yoga may reduce substance use and maintain engagement in recovery. These mechanistic actions provide guidance for themes to highlight in yoga classes that aim to impact substance use among returning citizens living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Wimberly
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, 525 W. Redwood St., Baltimore, MD 21212, United States.
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Evaluation of a Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) based breath intervention for patients with mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety disorders. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2019; 20:e73. [PMID: 32799993 PMCID: PMC8060827 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423619000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Research identifies a need for expanded therapeutic options for people with mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety disorders treated within the UK National Health Service (NHS). We aimed to examine potential benefits of a Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) based breath intervention delivered in this context. Background SKY is a structured programme derived from yoga in which participants are taught relaxation and stress-management techniques including body postures, breathing exercises and cognitive-behavioural procedures. Previous research has demonstrated benefits for patients with clinical and non-clinical depression and anxiety. However, SKY has not yet been evaluated as a therapeutic option for patients accessing NHS primary care mental health services. Methods We evaluated an existing programme available to NHS patients in South East England. The intervention is community-based and delivered via four weekly ‘stress buster sessions’ (1-h duration), one weekend intensive workshop (2.5 days) and four weekly (90 min) follow-up sessions. Analyses were conducted on existing data [measures of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and anxiety (generalised anxiety disorder-7)] collected as part of routine care, at the start of the programme and three follow-up assessments. Findings Baseline data were available for 991 participants, of which 557 (56.2%) attended at least three weekly workshops, 216 (21.8%) attended the weekend workshop and 169 (17.1%) completed the programme. Statistically significant (P<0.05) improvements in depression and anxiety were observed in all three outcome assessments. Clinically meaningful change was observed for 74.6% of participants completing the programme. Findings indicate that SKY has the potential to benefit patient outcomes and could be offered more widely as a therapeutic option. We recommend further research to explore patients’ experiences of the programme, determine the number of sessions necessary for improvement/ recovery, define the population most likely to respond and examine potential cost savings (e.g., reductions in antidepressant prescribing/referrals to secondary care).
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Beserra AHN, Kameda P, Deslandes AC, Schuch FB, Laks J, Moraes HSD. Can physical exercise modulate cortisol level in subjects with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019; 40:360-368. [PMID: 30570106 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent medical illness that is associated with chronic stress. Patients with MDD can show an imbalance in cortisol levels, which can be restored with the remission of symptoms. Physical exercise training has been used as a tool to promote changes in cortisol levels in healthy individuals. However, it is unknown if exercise can produce the same results in individuals with MDD. OBJECTIVE To review evidence of cortisol changes after exercise training in individuals with MDD. METHODS We conducted a search on PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases. Random effects meta-analysis was performed and standardized mean difference (SMD) effect size was calculated. Analyses of forest and funnel plots was conducted using Stata v.11.0 software. RESULTS At first, 463 studies were obtained in the search. After completion of the selection procedure, five articles with seven analyses were included. Type of exercise, frequency of training, cortisol measurement, and type of control group were analyzed. There was a reduction of cortisol levels in the exercise group (SMD = -0.65, 95%CI 1.30-0.01). Moreover, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses revealed an effect of type (aerobic exercise) and frequency (five times per week) of exercise on reduction of cortisol levels. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously due to the small number of studies and a substantial heterogeneity among them. CONCLUSION Physical exercise promotes a reduction in cortisol levels in individuals with MDD. However, this finding can be influenced by type of exercise, weekly frequency, and type of cortisol measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Heloisa Nascimento Beserra
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurociência do Exercício (LaNEx), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Kameda
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurociência do Exercício (LaNEx), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea Camaz Deslandes
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurociência do Exercício (LaNEx), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Jerson Laks
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biomedicina Translacional, Universidade do Grande Rio (Unigranrio), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena Sales de Moraes
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurociência do Exercício (LaNEx), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Martin AC, Candow D. Effects of Online Yoga and Tai Chi on Physical Health Outcome Measures of Adult Informal Caregivers. Int J Yoga 2019; 12:37-44. [PMID: 30692782 PMCID: PMC6329221 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of online Vinyasa Yoga (VY) and Taijifit™ (12 weeks) in informal caregivers (≥18 years of age). Methods: Twenty-nine participants were randomized to two groups: VY (n = 16, 55.87 ± 12.31 years) or Taijifit™ (n = 13, 55.07 ± 12.65 years). Main Outcome Measures: Prior to and following the study, assessments were made for muscle strength (1-RM leg press, chest press, and handgrip), muscle endurance (leg press and chest press; maximal number of repetitions performed to fatigue at 80% and 70% baseline 1-RM, respectively), abdominal endurance (maximum number of consecutive curl-ups to fatigue), tasks of functionality (dynamic balance and walking speed), and flexibility (sit and reach). Results: There was a significant increase over time for muscle strength, muscle endurance, tasks of functionality, and flexibility (P = 0.001). The VY group experienced a greater improvement in chest press endurance (VY: pre 19.25 ± 5.90, post 28.06 ± 7.60 reps; Taijifit™ pre 15.69 ± 4.49, post 21.07 ± 5.85 reps; P = 0.019) and abdominal endurance (VY: pre 37.12 ± 31.26, post 68.43 ± 55.07 reps; Taijifit™ pre 19.23 ± 19.00, post 32.07 ± 20.87 reps; P = 0.034) compared to the Taijifit™ group. Conclusions: VY and Taijifit™ are effective for improving muscle strength and endurance, tasks of functionality, and flexibility in informal caregivers. VY led to greater gains in chest press endurance and abdominal curl-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi-Céline Martin
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Aging Muscle and Bone Health Laboratory, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Darren Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Aging Muscle and Bone Health Laboratory, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Sarris J, de Manincor M, Hargraves F, Tsonis J. Harnessing the Four Elements for Mental Health. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:256. [PMID: 31105604 PMCID: PMC6491965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are intimately connected to nature, and our physical and mental health is influenced strongly by our environment. The "elements," classically described in humoral theory as Fire, Water, Earth, and Air, all may impact our mental health. In a contemporary sense, these elements reflect a range of modifiable factors: UV light or heat therapy (Fire); sauna, hydrotherapy, and balneotherapy (Water); nature-based exposure therapy and horticulture (Earth); oxygen-rich/clean air exposure; and breathing techniques (Air). This theoretical scoping review paper details the emerging evidence for a range of these elements, covering epidemiological and interventional data, and provides information on how we can engage in "biophilic" activities to harness their potential benefits. Interventional examples with emerging evidentiary support include "forest-bathing," heat therapy, sauna, light therapy, "greenspace" and "bluespace" exercise, horticulture, clay art therapy activities, and pranayamic yoga breathing exercises. Further robust research is however required to firmly validate many of these interventions, and to establish their therapeutic applications for the benefit of specific mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael de Manincor
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Hargraves
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jack Tsonis
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,THRI, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Accumulating research in rodents and humans indicates that exercise benefits brain function and may prevent or delay onset of neurodegenerative conditions. In particular, exercise modifies the structure and function of the hippocampus, a brain area important for learning and memory. This review addresses the central and peripheral mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on the hippocampus. We focus on running-induced changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, neural circuitry, neurotrophins, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitters, and vasculature. The role of peripheral factors in hippocampal plasticity is also highlighted. We discuss recent evidence that systemic factors released from peripheral organs such as muscle (myokines), liver (hepatokines), and adipose tissue (adipokines) during exercise contribute to hippocampal neurotrophin and neurogenesis levels, and memory function. A comprehensive understanding of the body-brain axis is needed to elucidate how exercise improves hippocampal plasticity and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C'iana Cooper
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Hyo Youl Moon
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Kuppili PP, Parmar A, Gupta A, Balhara YPS. Role of Yoga in Management of Substance-use Disorders: A Narrative Review. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2018; 9:117-122. [PMID: 29456355 PMCID: PMC5812135 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_243_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders are comparable to chronic medical illnesses and have a chronic relapsing course. Despite being significant contributors to morbidity and mortality, limited treatment options exist. The current narrative review was aimed at providing an overview of yoga therapy in substance-use disorders and discuss the relevant methodological issues. Articles published in English language till May 2017 indexed with PubMed, PubMed central, and Google Scholar were searched using search terms "Yoga," "Substance use," "Drug dependence," "Nicotine," "Tobacco," "Alcohol," "Opioids," "Cannabis," "Cocaine," "Stimulants," "Sedative hypnotics," "Inhalants," and "Hallucinogens" for inclusion in the review. A total of 314 studies were found fulfilling the stated criteria. Out of which, 16 studies were found to fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria and 12 were randomized control trials. The majority of studies were available on the role of yoga in management of nicotine dependence. Sample size of these studies ranged from 18 to 624. The majority of studies suggested the role of yoga in reducing substance use as well as substance-related craving (especially in nicotine-use disorders) in short term. However, more studies are required for demonstrating the long-term effects of yoga therapy in substance-use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arpit Parmar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- International Training Fellow (RCPsych MTI), Speciality Registrar (MHSOP), TEWV NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Rao RM, Amritanshu R, Vinutha HT, Vaishnaruby S, Deepashree S, Megha M, Geetha R, Ajaikumar BS. Role of Yoga in Cancer Patients: Expectations, Benefits, and Risks: A Review. Indian J Palliat Care 2017; 23:225-230. [PMID: 28827923 PMCID: PMC5545945 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_107_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis and treatment of cancer poses severe psychologic distress that impacts functional quality of life. While cancer directed treatments are directed purely against tumor killing, interventions that reduce treatment related distress and improve quality of life are the need of the hour. Yoga is one such mind body intervention that is gaining popularity among cancer patients. METHOD Several research studies in the last two decades unravel the benefits of yoga in terms of improved mood states, symptom reduction, stress reduction and improved quality of life apart from improving host factors that are known to affect survival in cancer patients. However, several metaanalysis and reviews show equivocal benefits for yoga. In this review, we will study the Yoga interventions in cancer patients with respect to expectations, benefits and risks and analyse the principles behind tailoring yoga interventions in cancer patients. RESULTS The studies on Yoga show heterogeneity with varied types of Yoga Interventions, duration, exposure, practices and indications. It also elucidates the situational context for reaping benefits and cautions against its use in several others. However, there are several reviews and bibliometric analysis of effects of yoga; most of them have not enlarged the scope of their review to cover the basic principles behind use of these practices in cancer patients. CONCLUSION This review offers insight into the principles and practice of yoga in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Mohan Rao
- Center for Academic Research, HCG Foundation, Healthcare Global Enterprises Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ram Amritanshu
- HCG Bangalore Institute of Oncology Specialty Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - HT Vinutha
- HCG Bangalore Institute of Oncology Specialty Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shashidhara Deepashree
- Center for Academic Research, HCG Foundation, Healthcare Global Enterprises Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Murthy Megha
- HCG Bangalore Institute of Oncology Specialty Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajendra Geetha
- Center for Academic Research, HCG Foundation, Healthcare Global Enterprises Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - BS Ajaikumar
- Center for Academic Research, HCG Foundation, Healthcare Global Enterprises Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Madsen C, Vaughan M, Koehlmoos TP. Use of Integrative Medicine in the United States Military Health System. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:9529257. [PMID: 28690665 PMCID: PMC5485330 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9529257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Integrative medicine (IM) is a model of care which uses both conventional and nonconventional therapies in a "whole person" approach to achieve optimum mental, physical, emotional, spiritual, and environmental health, and is increasingly popular among patients and providers seeking to relieve chronic or multifactorial conditions. The US Department of Defense (DoD) shows particular interest in and usage of IM for managing chronic conditions including the signature "polytrauma triad" of chronic pain, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among its beneficiaries in the Military Health System (MHS). These modalities range from conventional nondrug, nonsurgical options such as cognitive-behavioral therapy to nonconventional options such as acupuncture, chiropractic, and mind-body techniques. These are of particular interest for their potential to relieve symptoms without relying on opiates, which impair performance and show high potential for abuse while often failing to provide full relief. This review describes the use of IM in the MHS, including definitions of the model, common therapies and potential for use, and controversy surrounding the practice. More research is needed to build a comprehensive usage analysis, which in turn will inform sound clinical and financial practice for the MHS and its beneficiaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathaleen Madsen
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan Vaughan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Defense and Veterans Center for Integrative Pain Management, Rockville, MD, USA
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Sudarshan Kriya Yoga improves cardiac autonomic control in patients with anxiety-depression disorders. J Affect Disord 2017; 214:74-80. [PMID: 28285240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated that adjuvant therapies as exercise and breathing training are effective in improving cardiac autonomic control (CAC) in patients with affective spectrum disorders. However, the effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) on autonomic function in this population is unknown. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that SKY training improves CAC and cardiorespiratory coupling in patients with anxiety and/or depression disorders. METHODS Forty-six patients with a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression disorders (DSM-IV) were consecutively enrolled and divided in two groups: 1) conventional therapy (Control) and 2) conventional therapy associated with SKY (Treatment) for 15 days. Anxiety and depression levels were determined using quantitative questionnaires. For the assessment of CAC and cardiorespiratory coupling, cardiorespiratory traces were analyzed using monovariate and bivariate autoregressive spectral analysis, respectively. RESULTS After 15-days, we observed a reduction of anxiety and depression levels only in Treatment group. Moreover, sympathetic modulation and CAC were significantly lower while parasympathetic modulation and cardiorespiratory coupling were significantly higher in the Treatment compared to Control group. CONCLUSIONS Intensive breathing training using SKY approach improves anxiety and/or depressive disorders as well as CAC and cardiorespiratory coupling. These finding suggest that the SKY training may be a useful non-pharmacological intervention to improve symptoms and reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with anxiety/depression disorders.
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Treating major depression with yoga: A prospective, randomized, controlled pilot trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173869. [PMID: 28301561 PMCID: PMC5354384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies for major depression are associated with limited adherence to care and relatively low remission rates. Yoga may offer an alternative treatment option, but rigorous studies are few. This randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessors examined an 8-week hatha yoga intervention as mono-therapy for mild-to-moderate major depression. Methods Investigators recruited 38 adults in San Francisco meeting criteria for major depression of mild-to-moderate severity, per structured psychiatric interview and scores of 14–28 on Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI). At screening, individuals engaged in psychotherapy, antidepressant pharmacotherapy, herbal or nutraceutical mood therapies, or mind-body practices were excluded. Participants were 68% female, with mean age 43.4 years (SD = 14.8, range = 22–72), and mean BDI score 22.4 (SD = 4.5). Twenty participants were randomized to 90-minute hatha yoga practice groups twice weekly for 8 weeks. Eighteen participants were randomized to 90-minute attention control education groups twice weekly for 8 weeks. Certified yoga instructors delivered both interventions at a university clinic. Primary outcome was depression severity, measured by BDI scores every 2 weeks from baseline to 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes were self-efficacy and self-esteem, measured by scores on the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) at baseline and at 8 weeks. Results In intent-to-treat analysis, yoga participants exhibited significantly greater 8-week decline in BDI scores than controls (p-value = 0.034). In sub-analyses of participants completing final 8-week measures, yoga participants were more likely to achieve remission, defined per final BDI score ≤ 9 (p-value = 0.018). Effect size of yoga in reducing BDI scores was large, per Cohen’s d = -0.96 [95%CI, -1.81 to -0.12]. Intervention groups did not differ significantly in 8-week change scores for either the GSES or RSES. Conclusion In adults with mild-to-moderate major depression, an 8-week hatha yoga intervention resulted in statistically and clinically significant reductions in depression severity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01210651
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Sarkar S, Varshney M. Yoga and substance use disorders: A narrative review. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 25:191-196. [PMID: 28262148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Yoga has been utilized for promotion of health and alleviating distress. It has also been used as a therapeutic measure in the field of mental health, including substance use disorders. This narrative review discusses the literature pertaining to use of yoga in the treatment of substance use disorders. The evidence base especially with regards to randomized trials is presented. The possible mechanisms how yoga might be helpful in the treatment of substance use disorders are explored. Subsequently, implications of yoga in clinical practice are elaborated, followed by examination of the issues in interpretation of the literature of published yoga related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohit Varshney
- Department of Psychiatry and NDDTC, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
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Hallgren M, Vancampfort D, Giesen ES, Lundin A, Stubbs B. Exercise as treatment for alcohol use disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:1058-1064. [PMID: 28087569 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating effects of exercise for people with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) across multiple health outcomes. We also investigated the prevalence and predictors of dropout from exercise studies in AUDs. DESIGN Systematic review and random effects meta-analysis with meta-regression analyses. DATA SOURCES 3 major electronic databases were searched from inception until April 2016 for exercise intervention studies in adults with AUDs. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies of acute exercise in people with AUDs; and randomised and non-randomised trials examining effects of long-term (≥2 weeks) exercise. RESULTS 21 studies and 1204 unique persons with AUDs (mean age 37.8 years, mean illness duration 4.4 years) were included. Exercise did not reduce daily alcohol consumption (standardised mean difference (SMD) =-0.886, p=0.24), or the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) total scores (SMD=-0.378, p=0.18). For weekly consumption (n=3 studies), a statistically significant difference was observed favouring exercise (SMD=-0.656, p=0.04), but not after adjustment for publication bias (SMD=-0.16, 95% CI -0.88 to 0.55). Exercise significantly reduced depressive symptoms versus control (randomised controlled trials (RCTs) =4; SMD=-0.867, p=0.006, I2=63%) and improved physical fitness (VO2) (RCTs=3; SMD=0.564, p=0.01, I2=46%). The pooled dropout rate was 40.3% (95% CI 23.3% to 60.1%) which was no different to control conditions (OR=0.73, p=0.52). Dropouts were higher among men (β=0.0622, p<0.0001, R2=0.82). LIMITATIONS It was not possible to investigate moderating effects of smoking. CONCLUSIONS Available evidence indicates exercise appears not to reduce alcohol consumption, but has significant improvements in other health outcomes, including depression and physical fitness. Additional long-term controlled studies of exercise for AUDs are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Hallgren
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Esther S Giesen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Lundin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Cramer H, Lauche R, Klose P, Lange S, Langhorst J, Dobos GJ. Yoga for improving health-related quality of life, mental health and cancer-related symptoms in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 1:CD010802. [PMID: 28045199 PMCID: PMC6465041 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010802.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the cancer most frequently diagnosed in women worldwide. Even though survival rates are continually increasing, breast cancer is often associated with long-term psychological distress, chronic pain, fatigue and impaired quality of life. Yoga comprises advice for an ethical lifestyle, spiritual practice, physical activity, breathing exercises and meditation. It is a complementary therapy that is commonly recommended for breast cancer-related impairments and has been shown to improve physical and mental health in people with different cancer types. OBJECTIVES To assess effects of yoga on health-related quality of life, mental health and cancer-related symptoms among women with a diagnosis of breast cancer who are receiving active treatment or have completed treatment. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Breast Cancer Specialised Register, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 1), Indexing of Indian Medical Journals (IndMED), the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal and Clinicaltrials.gov on 29 January 2016. We also searched reference lists of identified relevant trials or reviews, as well as conference proceedings of the International Congress on Complementary Medicine Research (ICCMR), the European Congress for Integrative Medicine (ECIM) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). We applied no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials were eligible when they (1) compared yoga interventions versus no therapy or versus any other active therapy in women with a diagnosis of non-metastatic or metastatic breast cancer, and (2) assessed at least one of the primary outcomes on patient-reported instruments, including health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety, fatigue or sleep disturbances. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently collected data on methods and results. We expressed outcomes as standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and conducted random-effects model meta-analyses. We assessed potential risk of publication bias through visual analysis of funnel plot symmetry and heterogeneity between studies by using the Chi2 test and the I2 statistic. We conducted subgroup analyses for current treatment status, time since diagnosis, stage of cancer and type of yoga intervention. MAIN RESULTS We included 24 studies with a total of 2166 participants, 23 of which provided data for meta-analysis. Thirteen studies had low risk of selection bias, five studies reported adequate blinding of outcome assessment and 15 studies had low risk of attrition bias.Seventeen studies that compared yoga versus no therapy provided moderate-quality evidence showing that yoga improved health-related quality of life (pooled SMD 0.22, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.40; 10 studies, 675 participants), reduced fatigue (pooled SMD -0.48, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.20; 11 studies, 883 participants) and reduced sleep disturbances in the short term (pooled SMD -0.25, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.09; six studies, 657 participants). The funnel plot for health-related quality of life was asymmetrical, favouring no therapy, and the funnel plot for fatigue was roughly symmetrical. This hints at overall low risk of publication bias. Yoga did not appear to reduce depression (pooled SMD -0.13, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.05; seven studies, 496 participants; low-quality evidence) or anxiety (pooled SMD -0.53, 95% CI -1.10 to 0.04; six studies, 346 participants; very low-quality evidence) in the short term and had no medium-term effects on health-related quality of life (pooled SMD 0.10, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.42; two studies, 146 participants; low-quality evidence) or fatigue (pooled SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.29; two studies, 146 participants; low-quality evidence). Investigators reported no serious adverse events.Four studies that compared yoga versus psychosocial/educational interventions provided moderate-quality evidence indicating that yoga can reduce depression (pooled SMD -2.29, 95% CI -3.97 to -0.61; four studies, 226 participants), anxiety (pooled SMD -2.21, 95% CI -3.90 to -0.52; three studies, 195 participants) and fatigue (pooled SMD -0.90, 95% CI -1.31 to -0.50; two studies, 106 participants) in the short term. Very low-quality evidence showed no short-term effects on health-related quality of life (pooled SMD 0.81, 95% CI -0.50 to 2.12; two studies, 153 participants) or sleep disturbances (pooled SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.76 to 0.34; two studies, 119 participants). No trial adequately reported safety-related data.Three studies that compared yoga versus exercise presented very low-quality evidence showing no short-term effects on health-related quality of life (pooled SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.30 to 0.23; three studies, 233 participants) or fatigue (pooled SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.66 to 0.25; three studies, 233 participants); no trial provided safety-related data. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Moderate-quality evidence supports the recommendation of yoga as a supportive intervention for improving health-related quality of life and reducing fatigue and sleep disturbances when compared with no therapy, as well as for reducing depression, anxiety and fatigue, when compared with psychosocial/educational interventions. Very low-quality evidence suggests that yoga might be as effective as other exercise interventions and might be used as an alternative to other exercise programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Cramer
- University of Duisburg‐EssenDepartment of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen‐Mitte, Faculty of MedicineAm Deimelsberg 34aEssenGermany45276
| | - Romy Lauche
- University of Technology SydneyAustralian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine235‐253 Jones StreetUltimoAustralia2007
| | - Petra Klose
- University of Duisburg‐EssenDepartment of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen‐Mitte, Faculty of MedicineAm Deimelsberg 34aEssenGermany45276
| | - Silke Lange
- University of Duisburg‐EssenDepartment of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen‐Mitte, Faculty of MedicineAm Deimelsberg 34aEssenGermany45276
| | - Jost Langhorst
- University of Duisburg‐EssenDepartment of Integrative Gastroenterology, Kliniken Essen‐Mitte, Faculty of MedicineAm Deimelsberg 34aEssenGermany45276
| | - Gustav J Dobos
- University of Duisburg‐EssenDepartment of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen‐Mitte, Faculty of MedicineAm Deimelsberg 34aEssenGermany45276
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Sharma A, Barrett MS, Cucchiara AJ, Gooneratne NS, Thase ME. A Breathing-Based Meditation Intervention for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Following Inadequate Response to Antidepressants: A Randomized Pilot Study. J Clin Psychiatry 2017; 78:e59-e63. [PMID: 27898207 PMCID: PMC5272872 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.16m10819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate feasibility, efficacy, and tolerability of Sudarshan Kriya yoga (SKY) as an adjunctive intervention in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with inadequate response to antidepressant treatment. METHODS Patients with MDD (defined by DSM-IV-TR) who were depressed despite ≥ 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment were randomized to SKY or a waitlist control (delayed yoga) arm for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was change in 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) total score from baseline to 2 months. The key secondary efficacy end points were change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) total scores. Analyses of the intent-to-treat (ITT) and completer sample were performed. The study was conducted at the University of Pennsylvania between October 2014 and December 2015. RESULTS In the ITT sample (n = 25), the SKY arm (n = 13) showed a greater improvement in HDRS-17 total score compared to waitlist control (n = 12) (-9.77 vs 0.50, P = .0032). SKY also showed greater reduction in BDI total score versus waitlist control (-17.23 vs -1.75, P = .0101). Mean changes in BAI total score from baseline were significantly greater for SKY than waitlist (ITT mean difference: -5.19; 95% CI, -0.93 to -9.34; P = .0097; completer mean difference: -6.23; 95% CI, -1.39 to -11.07; P = .0005). No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Results of this randomized, waitlist-controlled pilot study suggest the feasibility and promise of an adjunctive SKY-based intervention for patients with MDD who have not responded to antidepressants. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02616549.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 10th Floor, Gates Bldg, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Marna S. Barrett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew J. Cucchiara
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nalaka S. Gooneratne
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael E. Thase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Bhargava R, Kumar N, Gupta A. Indian Perspective on Psychotherapy: Cultural Issues. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-016-9348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Acevedo BP, Pospos S, Lavretsky H. The Neural Mechanisms of Meditative Practices: Novel Approaches for Healthy Aging. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2016; 3:328-339. [PMID: 27909646 PMCID: PMC5110576 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-016-0098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Meditation has been shown to have physical, cognitive, and psychological health benefits that can be used to promote healthy aging. However, the common and specific mechanisms of response remain elusive due to the diverse nature of mind–body practices. Methods In this review, we aim to compare the neural circuits implicated in focused-attention meditative practices that focus on present-moment awareness to those involved in active-type meditative practices (e.g., yoga) that combine movement, including chanting, with breath practices and meditation. Recent Findings Recent meta-analyses and individual studies demonstrated common brain effects for attention-based meditative practices and active-based meditations in areas involved in reward processing and learning, attention and memory, awareness and sensory integration, and self-referential processing and emotional control, while deactivation was seen in the amygdala, an area implicated in emotion processing. Unique effects for mindfulness practices were found in brain regions involved in body awareness, attention, and the integration of emotion and sensory processing. Effects specific to active-based meditations appeared in brain areas involved in self-control, social cognition, language, speech, tactile stimulation, sensorimotor integration, and motor function. Summary This review suggests that mind–body practices can target different brain systems that are involved in the regulation of attention, emotional control, mood, and executive cognition that can be used to treat or prevent mood and cognitive disorders of aging, such as depression and caregiver stress, or serve as “brain fitness” exercise. Benefits may include improving brain functional connectivity in brain systems that generally degenerate with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca P Acevedo
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA ; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Sarah Pospos
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Naveen GH, Varambally S, Thirthalli J, Rao M, Christopher R, Gangadhar BN. Serum cortisol and BDNF in patients with major depression-effect of yoga. Int Rev Psychiatry 2016; 28:273-8. [PMID: 27174729 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2016.1175419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with low serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and elevated levels of serum cortisol. Yoga practices have been associated with antidepressant effects, increase in serum BDNF, and reduction in serum cortisol. This study examined the association between serum BDNF and cortisol levels in drug-naïve patients with depression treated with antidepressants, yoga therapy, and both. Fifty-four drug-naïve consenting adult outpatients with Major Depression (32 males) received antidepressants only (n = 16), yoga therapy only (n = 19), or yoga with antidepressants (n = 19). Serum BDNF andcortisol levels were obtained before and after 3 months using a sandwich ELISA method. One-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation tests were used for analysis. The groups were comparable at baseline on most parameters. Significant improvement in depression scores and serum BDNF levels, and reduction in serum cortisol in the yoga groups, have been described in previous reports. A significant negative correlation was observed between change in BDNF (pre-post) and cortisol (pre-post) levels in the yoga-only group (r = -0.59, p = 0.008). In conclusion, yoga may facilitate neuroplasticity through stress reduction in depressed patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings and delineate the pathways for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Naveen
- a Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education , Chennai , India
| | - Shivarama Varambally
- b NIMHANS Integrated Centre for Yoga, Department of Psychiatry , National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences , Hosur Road , Bangalore , 560029 India
| | - Jagadisha Thirthalli
- c Department of Psychiatry , National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences , Bangalore , India
| | - Mukund Rao
- d North West Area Mental Health , Level 1, 130 Bell Street, Coburg , Melbourne , Victoria 3058 , Australia
| | - Rita Christopher
- e Department of Neurochemistry , National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences , Bangalore , India
| | - B N Gangadhar
- b NIMHANS Integrated Centre for Yoga, Department of Psychiatry , National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences , Hosur Road , Bangalore , 560029 India
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Cramer H, Lauche R, Langhorst J, Dobos G. Is one yoga style better than another? A systematic review of associations of yoga style and conclusions in randomized yoga trials. Complement Ther Med 2016; 25:178-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Manthou E, Georgakouli K, Fatouros IG, Gianoulakis C, Theodorakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. Role of exercise in the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:535-545. [PMID: 27123244 PMCID: PMC4840498 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol use can cause harmful effects on the human body, which are associated with serious health problems, and it can also lead to the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). There is certain evidence that physical exercise positively affects excessive alcohol use and the associated problems by leading to reduced alcohol intake. A literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Medline and Web of Science. The search terms used as keywords were: Addiction, abuse, alcohol use disorders, exercise training, β-endorphin, opioids, brain, ethanol and alcohol. The current study presents the studies that reported on the use of exercise in the treatment of AUDs between 1970 and 2015. The potential psychological and physiological mechanisms that contribute to the action of exercise were also reviewed, highlighting the role of β-endorphin and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in AUDs and the possible association among physical activity, the endogenous opioid system and the desire for alcohol. Only 11 studies were identified that refer to the effect of exercise on alcohol consumption and/or the associated outcomes. Six of those studies concluded that exercise may have a positive impact towards alcohol consumption, abstinence rates or the urge to drink. One of those studies also indicated that a bout of exercise affects the endogenous opioids, which may be associated with the urge to drink. Another 3 studies indicated that responses to acute exercise in individuals with AUDs are different compared to those in healthy ones. Generally, despite limited research data and often contradictory results, there is certain early promising evidence for the role of exercise as an adjunctive tool in the treatment of AUDs. Physiological and biochemical parameters that would confirm that exercise is safe for individuals with AUDs should be examined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Manthou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Georgakouli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Christina Gianoulakis
- McGill University and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Yannis Theodorakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
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Goldstein MR, Lewis GF, Newman R, Brown JM, Bobashev G, Kilpatrick L, Seppälä EM, Fishbein DH, Meleth S. Improvements in well-being and vagal tone following a yogic breathing-based life skills workshop in young adults: Two open-trial pilot studies. Int J Yoga 2016; 9:20-6. [PMID: 26865767 PMCID: PMC4728954 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6131.171718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) has been demonstrated in a number of prior studies, little is known about the effects of SKY taught as part of the Your Enlightened Side (YES+) workshop designed for college students and other young adults. Aims: This study aimed to assess the effects of YES+, a yogic breathing-based life skills workshop, on multiple measures of well-being and physiological stress response. Materials and Methods: Two nonrandomized open-trial pilot studies were conducted with a total of 74 young adults (age 25.4 ± 6.6 years; 55% female). Study 1 collected a variety of self-report questionnaires at baseline, postworkshop, and 1-month follow-up. Study 2 collected self-report questionnaires in addition to electrocardiography with a stationary cycling challenge at baseline and 1-month follow-up. Results: Study 1: Improvements in self-reported depression (P's ≤ 0.010), perceived stress (P's ≤ 0.002), life satisfaction (P's ≤ 0.002), social connectedness (P's ≤ 0.004), and gratitude (P's ≤ 0.090) were observed at postworkshop and 1-month after workshop relative to baseline. Study 2: Improvements in self-reported emotion regulation were observed at 1-month follow-up relative to baseline (P = 0.019). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form positive affect increased (P = 0.021), while fatigue and sadness decreased (P's ≤ 0.005). During the stationary cycling challenge, rate to recovery of electrocardiography inter-beat interval also increased from baseline to 1-month follow-up (P = 0.077). Conclusions: These findings suggest that a life skills workshop integrating yogic breathing techniques may provide self-empowering tools for enhancing well-being in young adults. Future research is indicated to further explore these effects, particularly in regards to vagal tone and other aspects of stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory F Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, GA, USA
| | - Ronnie Newman
- International Association for Human Values, Washington, DC, USA; Nova Southeastern University Lifelong Learning Institute, Davie, FL, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emma M Seppälä
- Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, GA, USA
| | - Diana H Fishbein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
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Wasmuth S, Pritchard K, Kaneshiro K. Occupation-Based Intervention for Addictive Disorders: A Systematic Review. J Subst Abuse Treat 2015; 62:1-9. [PMID: 26738639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Addictive disorders disrupt individuals' occupational lives, suggesting that occupational therapists can play a crucial role in addiction rehabilitation. Occupation-based interventions are those in which an occupation is performed, and occupations are defined as those activities a person engages in to structure time and create meaning in one's life. This review asked: In persons with addictive disorders, are occupation-based interventions more effective than treatment as usual in improving short and long-term recovery outcomes? A systematic literature search was performed by a medical librarian in Ovid MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Social Work Abstracts, OTSeeker, HealthSTAR, CINAHL, and ACPJournalClub. Authors screened 1095 articles for inclusion criteria (prospective outcome studies examining the effectiveness of an occupation-based intervention with a sample primarily consisting of a diagnosis of a substance-related or addictive disorder and with at least five participants), and two authors appraised the resulting 66 articles using a standard appraisal tool, yielding 26 articles for qualitative synthesis and 8 with shared outcome measures for quantitative analysis. Occupation-based interventions in the areas of work, leisure, and social participation were found to have been used to treat addictive disorders. Occupation-based interventions in the area of social participation all elicited better outcomes than their respective control/comparison groups. Not all occupation-based interventions in the area of leisure elicited better outcomes than their comparison group, but in the eight articles with shared outcome measures, quantitative analysis demonstrated leisure interventions produced larger effect sizes than social participation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Wasmuth
- School of Occupational Therapy, University of Indianapolis, 1400 East Hanna Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46227.
| | - Kevin Pritchard
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 251 East Huron Street, Chicago, IL 60611-2908.
| | - Kellie Kaneshiro
- Ruth Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University - Purdue University, 975 W. Walnut Street, IB 314, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Gangadhar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishan Porandla
- Department of Psychiatry, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India
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