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Armoon B, Mohammadi R, Griffiths MD. The Global Prevalence of Non-suicidal Self-injury, Suicide Behaviors, and Associated Risk Factors Among Runaway and Homeless Youth: A Meta-analysis. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:919-944. [PMID: 38451378 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A meta-analysis was performed to determine pooled prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicide behaviors (including ideation, attempts), and associated risk factors among runaway and homeless youth (RHY). The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies published from January 1995 to May 2023. Initially, 8465 papers were screened, resulting in 69 included studies. The results showed that among RHY, lifetime prevalence rates were 42% for NSSI, 38% for suicidal ideation, and 27% for suicide attempts. Lifetime prevalence of NSSI and suicide behaviors was higher among adolescent minors (aged 12-17 years) compared to young adults (aged 18-24 years). Also, NSSI and suicide behaviors were associated with having a childhood history of physical and sexual abuse. Developing an impactful community-based suicide prevention campaign tailored for RHY appears warranted. Peer groups and mentorship programs would provide invaluable support for young individuals, as supportive friendships protect against NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Armoon
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
| | - Rasool Mohammadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Neiva-Silva L, Gomes JR, Goulart-Peres T, Demenech LM, Paludo SS, Carvalho FT, Koller SH, Corrêa ML. Street scars: Suicide ideation and suicide attempt among street-involved adolescents and youth in southern Brazil. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:105490. [PMID: 35086723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts as well as suicide attempts' associated factors among street-involved youth in southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Cross-sectional study was conducted with street-involved adolescents and children from Porto Alegre and Rio Grande, Brazil. METHODS A respondent-driven sampling strategy was used to access this hard-to-reach population quickly and efficiently. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted, with the latter being binary logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of suicide attempts was 16.3%, while the frequency of suicidal ideation was 30.9%. Most participants were male, aged between 16 and 18 years, with no ties to school and family. Almost half of the sample had been in a street situation for five years or more, and two-thirds reported spending more than seven hours a day on the streets. Variables independently associated with suicide attempts were aged 19-21 years old, with reduced ties with school and family, having had an experience of sexual abuse, and lifetime use of crack. CONCLUSIONS Public policies targeting the strengthening ties of street-involved children, adolescents, and youth with school and family might reduce their vulnerability to threats, such as sexual abuse and use of crack, and hence focus on decreasing suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Neiva-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Center of Studies on Risk and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - J R Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - T Goulart-Peres
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - L M Demenech
- Center of Studies on Risk and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - S S Paludo
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - F T Carvalho
- State Coordination on STI/AIDS, State Secretary of Health of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S H Koller
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M L Corrêa
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Maes M, Almulla AF. Research and Diagnostic Algorithmic Rules (RADAR) and RADAR Plots for the First Episode of Major Depressive Disorder: Effects of Childhood and Recent Adverse Experiences on Suicidal Behaviors, Neurocognition and Phenome Features. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050714. [PMID: 37239186 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have proposed valid precision models and valid Research and Diagnostic Algorithmic Rules (RADAR) for recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of the current study was to construct precision models and RADAR scores in patients experiencing first-episode MDD and to examine whether adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and negative life events (NLE) are associated with suicidal behaviors (SB), cognitive impairment, and phenome RADAR scores. This study recruited 90 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in an acute phase, of whom 71 showed a first-episode MDD (FEM), and 40 controls. We constructed RADAR scores for ACE; NLE encountered in the last year; SB; and severity of depression, anxiety, chronic fatigue, and physiosomatic symptoms using the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales and the FibroFatigue scale. The partial least squares analysis showed that in FEM, one latent vector (labeled the phenome of FEM) could be extracted from depressive, anxiety, fatigue, physiosomatic, melancholia, and insomnia symptoms, SB, and cognitive impairments. The latter were conceptualized as a latent vector extracted from the Verbal Fluency Test, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and ratings of memory and judgement, indicating a generalized cognitive decline (G-CoDe). We found that 60.8% of the variance in the FEM phenome was explained by the cumulative effects of NLE and ACE, in particular emotional neglect and, to a lesser extent, physical abuse. In conclusion, the RADAR scores and plots constructed here should be used in research and clinical settings, rather than the binary diagnosis of MDD based on the DSM-5 or ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Cognitive Fitness and Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
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Yohannes K, Gezahegn M, Birhanie M, Simachew Y, Moges A, Ayano G, Toitole KK, Mokona H, Abebe L. Suicidality and homelessness: prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour among homeless young adults in Southern Ethiopia. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:121. [PMID: 37072864 PMCID: PMC10111304 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that homelessness is associated with an increased risk of suicide. While street homelessness is a global problem, it is a disproportionately serious concern in low- and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. Despite their high risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts, there has been limited research on this subject among homeless young people in Ethiopia. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence and factors contributing to suicidal behaviour among homeless young people in the southern region of this country. METHODS We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study from 15 June to 15 August 2020 involving 798 homeless young adults in four southern Ethiopian towns and cities. The Suicide Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) was used to assess suicidal behaviour. Data were coded and entered into Epi-Data version 7 and analysed using SPSS version 20. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with suicidal behaviour. Variables with a p-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was determined to indicate the association's strength. RESULTS The overall prevalence of suicidal behaviour among young homeless individuals was 38.2% (95% CI: 34.8%, 41.5%). The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning and attempt was 10.7% (95% CI: 8.6-12.9%), 5.1% (95% CI: 3.6-6.6%) and 3% (95% CI: 1.9-4.3%), respectively. A longer duration of homelessness (1-2 years) (AOR = 2.244, 95% CI: 1.447-3.481), stressful life events (AOR = 1.655, 95% CI: 1.132-2.418) and the stigma associated with homelessness (AOR = 1.629, 95% CI: 1.149-1.505) were significantly associated with suicidal behaviour. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate that suicide is a serious public health problem among homeless young people in southern Ethiopia. We have found associations between suicidal behaviour and stressful events, homelessness lasting for one to two years and stigma. Our study suggests that policymakers and programme planners need to develop a strategy for preventing, detecting and managing suicidal behaviour among street-dwelling homeless young adults, a vulnerable and understudied population. A community-based suicide prevention campaign is also essential for street-dwelling homeless young people in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalkidan Yohannes
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
- SWEDESD, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Melkamu Gezahegn
- Department of Sociology, Institute of Behavioural science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Birhanie
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Yilkal Simachew
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Awoke Moges
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getinet Ayano
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Hirbaye Mokona
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lulu Abebe
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Maes M, Rachayon M, Jirakran K, Sodsai P, Klinchanhom S, Debnath M, Basta-Kaim A, Kubera M, Almulla AF, Sughondhabirom A. Adverse Childhood Experiences Predict the Phenome of Affective Disorders and These Effects Are Mediated by Staging, Neuroimmunotoxic and Growth Factor Profiles. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091564. [PMID: 35563878 PMCID: PMC9105661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) enhance pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant responses. In affective disorders, recent precision nomothetic psychiatry studies disclosed new pathway phenotypes, including an ROI—reoccurrence of illness (ROI)—oxidative stress latent construct. The aim of the present study is to delineate a) whether ACEs sensitize the M1 macrophage, the T helper cells (Th)1, Th2, and Th17, the IRS (immune-inflammatory-responses system), the CIRS (compensatory immunoregulatory system), and the neuroimmunotoxic and growth factor (GF) profiles and whether they are associated with ROI and the phenome of affective disorders and b) the molecular pathways underpinning the effects of the ACEs. We collected supernatants of stimulated (5 μg/mL of PHA and 25 μg/mL of LPS) and unstimulated diluted whole blood in 20 healthy controls and 30 depressed patients and measured a panel of 27 cytokines/GF using a Luminex method. ACEs (comprising mental and physical trauma, mental neglect, domestic violence, family history of mental disease, and parent loss) are accompanied by the increased stimulated, but not unstimulated, production of M1, Th1, Th2, Th17, IRS, neuroimmunotoxic, and GF profiles and are strongly correlated with ROI and the phenome. A latent vector extracted from the ROI features (recurrent episodes and suicidal behaviors) and the IRS/neuroimmunotoxic/GF profiles explains 66.8% of the variance in the phenome and completely mediates the effects of ACEs on the phenome. Enrichment analysis showed that the ACE-associated sensitization of immune/GF profiles involves JAK-STAT, nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, G-protein coupled receptor, PI3K/Akt/RAS/MAPK, and hypoxia signaling. In summary, the ACE-induced sensitization of immune pathways and secondary immune hits predicts the phenome of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University and The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.F.A.); (A.S.)
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Geelong 3220, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Muanpetch Rachayon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University and The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.F.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University and The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.F.A.); (A.S.)
- Maximizing Thai Children’s Developmental Potential Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.)
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Klinchanhom
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.)
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560 029, India;
| | - Agnieska Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Kubera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.K.)
| | - Abbas F. Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University and The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.F.A.); (A.S.)
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Atapol Sughondhabirom
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University and The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.F.A.); (A.S.)
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Silva M, Pereira H. The Impact of Life Trauma on Mental Health and Suicidal Behavior: A Study from Portuguese Language Countries. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12040102. [PMID: 35447674 PMCID: PMC9031010 DOI: 10.3390/bs12040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies report the incidence of traumatic experiences in community and clinical samples, and substantial research demonstrates the impact of traumatic events on mental health and suicidal behavior, but this area remains unexplored in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLC). Thus, this study aims to (1) describe traumatic experiences, mental health levels and suicidal behavior among individuals from Portugal, Brazil and African Countries with Portuguese as an Official Language (ACPOL); (2) assess correlations between traumatic experiences and mental health and suicidal behavior; and (3) assess the impact of exposure to a traumatic event on mental health and suicidal behavior. The measurement instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, Brief Trauma Questionnaire, Brief Symptoms Inventory-18, and the Portuguese version of the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. ACPOL participants reported greater impact of war, Portuguese participants reported greater impact of disasters, and Brazilian participants reported greater impact of psychological and sexual abuse, assault, and death of a family member. Brazilian participants showed the worst levels of mental health and suicidal thoughts. Strong correlations were found between traumatic experiences and mental health levels and suicidal behavior. Traumatic experiences contributed to the explanation of mental health levels and probability of committing suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Silva
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Henrique Pereira
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Dong H, Hayashi K, Fairbairn N, Milloy MJ, DeBeck K, Wood E, Kerr T. Long term pre-treatment opioid use trajectories in relation to opioid agonist therapy outcomes among people who use drugs in a Canadian setting. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106655. [PMID: 32977270 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) models are generally provided without consideration of how pre-treatment characteristics may be associated with outcome. Therefore, we aimed to first characterize longitudinal trajectories of opioid use before initiating OAT. Then we explored the impact of OAT on opioid use across these pre-treatment trajectories. METHODS Data were derived from three prospective cohort studies involving people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada. Latent class growth analysis was applied to identify opioid use trajectories based on individual-level observations three years before starting OAT. Multivariable generalized linear mixed model was used to examine whether engaging in OAT was associated with lower risk of illicit opioid use among participants with different pre-treatment opioid use trajectories. RESULTS 464 participants were included in the study between September 2005 and November 2018. Two pre-treatment opioid use trajectories were identified: high frequency users (246, 53.0%) and gradually increasing frequency users (218, 47.0%). We observed different strengths of association between OAT engagement and illicit opioid use among high frequency users (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.36, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.20 - 0.63) and gradually increasing frequency users (AOR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.53 - 1.56). Unstable housing, any stimulant use, experiencing violence, drug dealing, sex work involvement, and incarceration were independently and positively associated with ongoing illicit opioid use. CONCLUSIONS Distinct pre-treatment opioid use trajectories are likely to influence treatment outcomes. Research is required to determine if tailored strategies specific to people with different pre-treatment opioid use patterns have potential to improve outcomes of OAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Dong
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6Z 2A9 Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Kanna Hayashi
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6Z 2A9 Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Nadia Fairbairn
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6Z 2A9 Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - M-J Milloy
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6Z 2A9 Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Kora DeBeck
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6Z 2A9 Canada; School of Public Policy, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Evan Wood
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6Z 2A9 Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Thomas Kerr
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6Z 2A9 Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3 Canada.
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Wallace GT, Conner BT, Shillington AM. Classification trees identify shared and distinct correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation across gender identities in emerging adults. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:682-693. [PMID: 33169471 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
College students have an elevated risk for self-injurious thoughts and behaviours (SITBs), and there are robust differences in prevalence rates for SITBs across gender identities. Although numerous constructs have been implicated as risk factors, researchers have not significantly improved at predicting SITBs, possibly owing to constraints of confirmatory analyses. Classification trees are exploratory, person-centred analyses that enable joint examination of numerous correlates and their interactions. Thus, classification trees may discern previously unstudied risk factors and identify distinct subpopulations with elevated risk for SITBs. We tested classification trees that evaluated 298 potential correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation across self-identified women and men. Data came from 5,131 college students who completed the National College Health Assessment, which assesses a wide range of health-related constructs. Models produced parsimonious decision trees that accounted for a substantial amount of outcome variability (38.3-51.5%). Psychopathology, poorer psychological well-being, and other SITBs emerged as important correlates for all participants. Trauma, disordered eating, and heavy alcohol use were salient among women, whereas alcohol use norms were important correlates among men. Importantly, models identified several constructs that may be amenable to intervention. Results support the use of exploratory analyses to explicate heterogeneity among individuals who engage in SITBs and suggest that gender identity is an important moderator for certain risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma T Wallace
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bradley T Conner
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Audrey M Shillington
- College of Health and Human Sciences, San José State University, San José, California, 95192, USA
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Fjeldsted R, Teasdale TW, Bach B. Childhood trauma, stressful life events, and suicidality in Danish psychiatric outpatients. Nord J Psychiatry 2020; 74:280-286. [PMID: 31833427 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1702096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence points to an association between adverse life experiences and suicide risk, which include childhood trauma and maltreatment as well as recent stressful life events. Accordingly, the assessment of childhood trauma and recent stressful life events might contribute to the detection of suicidal risk in a clinical setting.Aim: To investigate the association of childhood trauma and current stressful life events with suicidal behavior and improve identification of suicidality in psychiatric outpatients.Method: The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Stressful Life Events (SLE) questionnaire, and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) were administered to 103 psychiatric outpatients (77% women). We employed binary logistic regression analysis to estimate the statistical risk of suicide attempt for patients being exposed to childhood trauma and the influence of recent stresssful life events. A ROC-analysis was used to estimate the ability of CTQ to predict suicidal behavior.Results: A substantial association between suicidal behavior and severe childhood trauma was found (OR = 3.68), whereas no significant association was found for recent stressful life events. The result was tested against possible confounding demographic factors (sex, age, job status, educational level and marital status). Childhood trauma was found to explain around 15% of the total variance in suicidality.Conclusion: The findings partially supported our hypothesis that childhood traumas (but not recent stressful life events) may play a substantial role in suicidality, and therefore assessment of childhood trauma may contribute to the detection of suicidal behavior in a psychiatric outpatient population. However, longitudinal research and replication in other populations are warranted for more conclusive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fjeldsted
- Psychiatric Clinic Slagelse, Psychiatric Services Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Services Region Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zatti C, Guimarães LSP, Soibelman M, Semensato MR, Bastos AG, Calegaro VC, Freitas LHM. The association between traumatic experiences and suicide attempt in patients treated at the Hospital de Pronto Socorro in Porto Alegre, Brazil. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2020; 42:64-73. [PMID: 32215540 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze associations between attempted suicide and childhood trauma. METHODS A seven month comparative case-control study (28 subjects - patients with suicide attempt; 56 controls - patients without suicide attempt). The following instruments were used: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). RESULTS The group with suicide attempt had significantly higher scores for some variables: emotional abuse (p < 0.001), physical abuse (p < 0.001), emotional neglect (p < 0.001), and physical neglect (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that variables related to previous trauma may influence future suicide attempts. The adoption of preventive and therapeutic actions related to mistreatments during child development is a crucial factor in reduction of suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleonice Zatti
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Andre Goettems Bastos
- Contemporâneo: Instituto de Psicanálise e Transdisciplinaridade, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vítor Crestani Calegaro
- Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Barker B, Hadland SE, Dong H, Shannon K, Kerr T, DeBeck K. Increased burden of suicidality among young street-involved sex workers who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 41:e152-e157. [PMID: 30007367 PMCID: PMC6636686 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risks of suicidality among street-involved youth who use drugs and engage in sex work are not well described. This study sought to evaluate if street-involved youth who engage in sex work were at an elevated risk for attempting suicide. METHODS Data were derived from the At-Risk Youth Study, a prospective cohort of street-involved youth who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada. Multivariable generalized estimating equation analyses were employed to examine whether youth who engaged in sex work were at elevated risk of attempting suicide, controlling for possible confounders. RESULTS Between September 2005 and May 2015, 1210 youth were recruited into the cohort, of whom, 173 (14.3%) reported recently attempting suicide at some point during the study period. In multivariable analysis, youth who engaged in sex work were significantly more likely to report a recent suicide attempt (adjusted odds ratio = 1.93; 95% confidence interval: 1.28-2.91). CONCLUSIONS Street-involved youth who engage in sex work were observed to be at a significantly higher risk for suicidality. Systematic discrimination and unaddressed trauma may contribute to the observed increased burden of suicidality among this population. Interventions that support the mental health and well-being of street-involved youth who engage in sex work are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Barker
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St., Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Room 270 - 2357 Main Mall, H. R. MacMillan Building, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott E Hadland
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, 850 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, 88 East Newton Street, Vose Hall, Room 322, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huiru Dong
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St., Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Shannon
- Division of AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, #667-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, St. Paul’s Hospital, #608-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas Kerr
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St., Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, #667-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kora DeBeck
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St., Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Public Policy, Simon Fraser University, SFU Harbour Centre, 515 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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12
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Maes M, Moraes JB, Congio A, Bonifacio KL, Barbosa DS, Vargas HO, Michelin AP, Carvalho AF, Nunes SOV. Development of a Novel Staging Model for Affective Disorders Using Partial Least Squares Bootstrapping: Effects of Lipid-Associated Antioxidant Defenses and Neuro-Oxidative Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6626-6644. [PMID: 30911933 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although, staging models gained momentum to stage define affective disorders, no attempts were made to construct mathematical staging models using clinical and biomarker data in patients with major depression and bipolar disorder. The aims of this study were to use clinical and biomarker data to construct statistically derived staging models, which are associated with early lifetime traumata (ELTs), affective phenomenology, and biomarkers. In the current study, 172 subjects participated, 105 with affective disorders (both bipolar and unipolar) and 67 controls. Staging scores were computed by extracting latent vectors (LVs) from clinical data including ELTs, recurring flare ups and suicidal behaviors, outcome data such as disabilities and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), and paraoxonase (PON)1 actvities and nitro-oxidative stress biomarkers. Recurrence of episodes and suicidal behaviors could reliably be combined into a LV with adequate composite reliability (the "recurrence LV"), which was associated with female sex, the combined effects of multiple ELTs, disabilities, HR-QoL, and impairments in cognitive tests. All those factors could be combined into a reliable "ELT-staging LV" which was significantly associated with nitro-oxidative stress biomarkers. A reliable LV could be extracted from serum PON1 activities, recurrent flare ups, disabilities, and HR-QoL. Our ELT-staging index scores the severity of a relevant affective dimension, shared by both major depression and bipolar disorder, namely the trajectory from ELTs, a relapsing course, and suicidal behaviors to progressive disabilities. Patients were classified into three stages, namely an early stage, a relapse-regression stage, and a suicidal-regression stage. Lowered lipid-associated antioxidant defenses may be a drug target to prevent the transition from the early to the later regression stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, Londrina, PR, 60 86035-380, Brazil. .,Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Juliana Brum Moraes
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, Londrina, PR, 60 86035-380, Brazil
| | - Ana Congio
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, Londrina, PR, 60 86035-380, Brazil
| | - Kamila Landucci Bonifacio
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, Londrina, PR, 60 86035-380, Brazil
| | - Decio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, Londrina, PR, 60 86035-380, Brazil
| | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, Londrina, PR, 60 86035-380, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Michelin
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, Londrina, PR, 60 86035-380, Brazil
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, Londrina, PR, 60 86035-380, Brazil
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Sanabrais-Jiménez MA, Sotelo-Ramirez CE, Ordoñez-Martinez B, Jiménez-Pavón J, Ahumada-Curiel G, Piana-Diaz S, Flores-Flores G, Flores-Ramos M, Jiménez-Anguiano A, Camarena B. Effect of CRHR1 and CRHR2 gene polymorphisms and childhood trauma in suicide attempt. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:637-644. [PMID: 30874897 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Family, twin, and adoption studies have suggested that genetic factors might be involved in suicidal behavior. Corticotropin-releasing receptor type 1 (CRHR1) and 2 (CRHR2) genes play a key role in the activation and modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is considered a major stress regulator. Childhood trauma is an environmental risk factor associated with suicide attempt (SA) and it has been related to HPA axis dysregulation. This study aimed at analyzing the relationship of CRHR1 and CRHR2 genes with childhood trauma concerning the development of SA. In this study, we included 366 affective disorder patients. Among them, 183 patients had SA at least once and 183 had not SA. Information regarding SA and childhood trauma was obtained from medical records. Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction program was used to detect gene-environment interactions between CRHR1 (rs110402, rs242924, and rs16940665) and CRHR2 (rs2190242, rs2284217, and rs2014663) with childhood trauma in SA. The analysis showed an interaction of CRHR1 and CRHR2 with childhood trauma, thus conferring increased risk of having presented at least one SA (OR 7.44; 95% CI 4.58-12.07; p < 0.0001). In addition, we observed the following in the trauma subtypes analysis: physical negligence (OR 4.72; 95% CI 3.01-7.40; p < 0.0001), emotional abuse (OR 5.76; 95% CI 3.67-9.05; p < 0.0001), and sexual abuse (OR 5.70; 95% CI 3.62-8.97; p < 0.0001). Our results suggested that genetic variants of CRHR1 and CRHR2 genes in addition to physical negligence, and emotional and sexual abuse, contribute to increase risk of presented at least one SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sanabrais-Jiménez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz Mexico-Xochimilco, 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C E Sotelo-Ramirez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz Mexico-Xochimilco, 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B Ordoñez-Martinez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz Mexico-Xochimilco, 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Jiménez-Pavón
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz Mexico-Xochimilco, 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Ahumada-Curiel
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Piana-Diaz
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Flores-Flores
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Flores-Ramos
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Jiménez-Anguiano
- Área de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B Camarena
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz Mexico-Xochimilco, 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Lake S, Gaddis A, Tupper KW, Nosova E, DeBeck K. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) use and transitions to injection drug use among street-involved youth. Subst Abus 2018; 40:350-355. [PMID: 30457939 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2018.1528493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite the popularity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) among young people across North America and Europe, MDMA is rarely explored in studies of young people at high risk of injecting drugs. We conducted a study among street-involved youth who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada, to understand if use of MDMA is associated with initiation of injection drugs. Methods: We followed injection-naïve participants in the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS), an ongoing prospective cohort of street-involved youth aged 14-26 who use illicit drugs. Bivariate and multivariate extended Cox models with time-updated variables were used to examine the association between MDMA use and initiation of injection drug use between September 2005 and May 2015. Results: Among 483 youth, 306 (63.4%) had a history of MDMA use and 218 (45.1%) had used MDMA in the previous 6 months at baseline. A total of 105 (21.7%) youth initiated injection drug use over the 10-year period, yielding an incidence density of 8.51 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.96-10.30) per 100 person-years. MDMA use was not significantly associated with initiating injection drugs at the bivariate (hazard ratio: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.61-1.42) or multivariate (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.57-1.35) level, after adjusting for socio-demographic and substance use confounders. Conclusions: Amid ongoing frequent use of MDMA among some young people in North America, we did not observe an elevated risk of injection initiation among those who used MDMA in this cohort of street-involved youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lake
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Gaddis
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth W Tupper
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Nosova
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kora DeBeck
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Public Policy, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Food insufficiency is associated with depression among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting. Public Health Nutr 2018; 22:115-121. [PMID: 30305193 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food insufficiency, defined by the experience of hunger, is known to be prevalent and a source of health-related harm among-street involved youth, but little is known about its relationship with depression in this population. Therefore, we sought to assess the association between food insufficiency and symptoms of depression among a cohort of street-involved youth. DESIGN Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between food insufficiency, defined as being hungry but not having enough money to buy food, and depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. SETTING Data from April 2006 to November 2013 were derived from the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS), a prospective cohort of street-involved youth who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada. SUBJECTS There were 1066 street-involved youth enrolled in the study, including 340 (31·9 %) females. RESULTS Of 1066 youth enrolled in the study, 724 (67·9 %) reported some food insufficiency and 565 (53·0 %) met criteria for depression. Compared with youth who did not report food insufficiency, those who reported often experiencing food insufficiency had a higher likelihood of reporting depression (adjusted OR=2·52; 95 % CI 1·74, 3·67), as did those who reported sometimes experiencing food insufficiency (adjusted OR=1·99; 95 % CI 1·47, 2·70). CONCLUSIONS Food insufficiency was prevalent and associated in a dose-dependent trend with symptoms of depression among street-involved youth in our setting. Findings highlight the need to address the nutritional and mental health needs of youth and identify pathways by which food insufficiency may contribute to depression among vulnerable populations.
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16
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Moraes JB, Maes M, Roomruangwong C, Bonifacio KL, Barbosa DS, Vargas HO, Anderson G, Kubera M, Carvalho AF, Nunes SOV. In major affective disorders, early life trauma predict increased nitro-oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and recurrence of major affective disorders, suicidal behaviors and a lowered quality of life. Metab Brain Dis 2018. [PMID: 29542039 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early life trauma (ELT) may increase the risk towards bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD), disorders associated with activated neuro-oxidative and neuro-nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways. It has remained elusive whether ELTs are associated with O&NS and which ELTs are associated with distinct affective disorder phenotypes. This case-control study examined patients with BD (n = 68) and MDD (n = 37) and healthy controls (n = 66). The Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess specific ELT. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP); NO metabolites (NOx), paraoxonase 1 activity, zinc, albumin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and -SH groups and computed z-unit weighted composite scores. Physical neglect significantly predicts higher z-unit weighted composite scores of LOOH+SOD, LOOH+SOD+NOx, LOOH+SOD+NOx + MDA and LOOH+SOD+NOx + AOPP. Sexual abuse was associated with a significantly lower composite score of zinc+albumin+SH. Emotional abuse was associated with severity of depression and anxiety, number of depressive and manic episodes, alcohol and hypnotics use, lifetime suicidal behavior and lowered quality of life. Sexual abuse was associated with an increased risk towards BD, but not MDD. ELT, especially physical neglect, may drive increased (nitro-)oxidative stress coupled with lipid and protein oxidation, which - together with emotional abuse - may play a role in severity of illness, lowered quality of life and MDD. ELTs are also associated with the onset of BD, but this link did not appear to be related to activated O&NS pathways. These novel findings deserve confirmation in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Brum Moraes
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch 60, Londrina, PR, 86035-380, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch 60, Londrina, PR, 86035-380, Brazil.
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Revitalis, Waalre, The Netherlands.
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia.
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia.
| | | | - Kamila Landucci Bonifacio
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch 60, Londrina, PR, 86035-380, Brazil
| | - Decio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch 60, Londrina, PR, 86035-380, Brazil
| | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch 60, Londrina, PR, 86035-380, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Kubera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch 60, Londrina, PR, 86035-380, Brazil
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17
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When structural violences create a context that facilitates sexual assault and intimate partner violence against street-involved young women. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Burke TA, Ammerman BA, Knorr AC, Alloy LB, McCloskey MS. Measuring Acquired Capability for Suicide within an Ideation-to-Action Framework. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2018; 8:277-286. [PMID: 29732237 PMCID: PMC5931728 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the large literature on risk factors for suicide-related outcomes, few studies have examined risk for acting on suicidal thoughts among suicide ideators. The current study aimed to fill this gap by examining the role of acquired capability, as well as its hypothesized facilitator, painful and provocative events (PPEs), as motivators for behavior among individuals along the suicide continuum. METHOD Undergraduates reporting suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide attempts without intent to die, or suicide attempts with intent to die (N=546) completed a measure of acquired capability for suicide, as well as assessments of exposure to PPEs. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that acquired capability for suicide did not distinguish between individuals falling along the ideation-to-action spectrum. Among the several PPEs assessed, the frequency of non-suicidal self-injury, and the presence of childhood emotional abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect each significantly differentiated between groups, with individuals having a history of a suicide attempt with the intent to die reporting the highest levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate the PPEs that may be most important to assess in determining suicide risk, and, further, call into question the utility of acquired capability in differentiating between individuals along the suicide continuum.
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Berenz EC, Vujanovic A, Rappaport LM, Kevorkian S, Gonzalez RE, Chowdhury N, Dutcher C, Dick DM, Kendler KS, Amstadter A. A Multimodal Study of Childhood Trauma and Distress Tolerance in Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION, MALTREATMENT & TRAUMA 2018; 27:795-810. [PMID: 30636862 PMCID: PMC6329603 DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2017.1382636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with a history of childhood trauma experience deficits in emotion regulation. However, few studies have investigated childhood trauma and both perceived (i.e., self-report) and behavioral measures of distress tolerance. The current study evaluated associations between childhood trauma (i.e., physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing family violence) and measures of perceived (Distress Tolerance Scale) and behavioral distress tolerance (i.e., Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, breath-holding). Participants were 320 undergraduate students with a history of interpersonal trauma (e.g., sexual/physical assault). Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate associations between frequency of childhood trauma type and distress tolerance. Greater childhood physical abuse was associated with higher perceived distress tolerance. Greater levels of witnessing family violence were associated with lower behavioral distress tolerance on the breath-holding task. No significant effects were found for Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test performance. Associations between childhood trauma and emotion regulation likely are complex and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C. Berenz
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anka Vujanovic
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lance M. Rappaport
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Salpi Kevorkian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rose Emily Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nadia Chowdhury
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Christina Dutcher
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ananda Amstadter
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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20
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Liu J, Fang Y, Gong J, Cui X, Meng T, Xiao B, He Y, Shen Y, Luo X. Associations between suicidal behavior and childhood abuse and neglect: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017. [PMID: 28623759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationships of some types of childhood maltreatment and suicidal behavior remain controversial and inconclusive. METHODS Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane library were searched for eligible studies, and the results were synthesized in meta-analyses. RESULTS childhood maltreatment was associated positively with suicidal behavior in the total population and maltreatment subgroups. Emotional abuse had the strongest effect (OR =2.33, SMD =0.660, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that the effects of childhood abuse (OR =1.55, SMD =0.523) and neglect (OR =1.25, SMD =0.31) were significant. According to the analysis of dichotomous outcomes, childhood maltreatment was associated positively with suicidal behavior in men and women (women: OR =4.84, P<0.001; men: OR =1.03, P<0.001). Among populations, childhood maltreatment had the strongest effect on suicidal behavior in the general population (OR =3.78, P<0.001). However, the analysis of continuous outcomes showed that the effect was strongest in patients with chronic schizophrenia (SMD =0.89, P<0.001). In addition, childhood maltreatment was associated positively with suicide attempt (OR =1.11, SMD =0.48, P<0.001), but not with suicidal ideation. LIMITATIONS Some subgroup samples were not sufficiently large. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment increases the risk of suicidal behavior. Emotional abuse had the strongest effect among the five types of maltreatment. The risk of suicidal behavior is higher in the general population, women, and individuals with chronic schizophrenia who have histories of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Liu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Fang
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Gong
- Department of Applied Psychology, Traditional Chinese Medicine University of Hunan, Changsha 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Shen
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.
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Argento E, Strathdee SA, Tupper K, Braschel M, Wood E, Shannon K. Does psychedelic drug use reduce risk of suicidality? Evidence from a longitudinal community-based cohort of marginalised women in a Canadian setting. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016025. [PMID: 28939573 PMCID: PMC5623475 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to longitudinally investigate whether ever having used a psychedelic drug can have a protective effect on incidence of suicidality among marginalised women. DESIGN Longitudinal community-based cohort study. SETTING Data were drawn from a prospective, community-based cohort of marginalised women in Metro Vancouver, Canada. PARTICIPANTS 766 women completed the baseline questionnaire between January 2010 and August 2014. Participants who did not report suicidality at baseline and who completed at least one follow-up visit were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Extended Cox regression was used to model predictors of new suicidality (suicide ideation or attempts) over 54-month follow-up. RESULTS Nearly half (46%; n=355) of participants reported prior suicidality and were thus excluded from the present analyses. Of 290 women eligible at baseline, 11% (n=31) reported recent suicidality during follow-up, with an incidence density of 4.42 per 100 person-years (95% CI 3.10 to 6.30). In multivariable analysis, reported lifetime psychedelic drug use was associated with a 60% reduced hazard for suicidality (adjusted HR (AHR) 0.40; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.94). Crystal methamphetamine use (AHR 3.25; 95% CI 1.47 to 7.21) and childhood abuse (AHR 3.54; 95% CI 1.49 to 8.40) remained independent predictors of suicidality. CONCLUSION The high rate of suicidality identified in this study is of major concern. Alongside emerging evidence on the potential of psychedelic-assisted therapy to treat some mental illness and addiction issues, our findings demonstrate that naturalistic psychedelic drug use is independently associated with reduced suicidality, while other illicit drug use and childhood trauma predispose women to suicidality. While observational, this study supports calls for further investigation of the therapeutic utility of psychedelic drugs in treating poor mental health and promoting mental wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Argento
- Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth Tupper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Centre on Substance Use, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Melissa Braschel
- Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Evan Wood
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Centre on Substance Use, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kate Shannon
- Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Berenz EC, Vujanovic AA, Rappaport L, Kevorkian S, Gonzalez RE, Chowdhury N, Dutcher CD, Dick DM, Kendler KS, Amstadter AB. Childhood trauma and distress tolerance in a trauma-exposed acute-care psychiatric inpatient sample. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY 2017; 10:368-375. [PMID: 28758771 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distress tolerance (DT; the perceived or actual ability to withstand negative internal states) has emerged as a promising transdiagnostic risk factor in clinically severe populations. However, little is known about etiological factors associated with the development of DT. We hypothesized that greater levels of childhood trauma would be associated with lower perceived and behavioral DT, beyond theoretically relevant covariates. METHOD The current investigation evaluated several childhood trauma types (i.e., physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) in relation to perceived (i.e., self-report) and behavioral DT in a sample of 87 trauma-exposed adults in acute-care psychiatric inpatient treatment. RESULTS Results of hierarchical linear regression models indicated that greater childhood physical abuse and emotional neglect were significantly associated with higher perceived DT. Greater levels of emotional abuse were associated with lower perceived DT, and greater physical neglect was associated with lower behavioral DT. CONCLUSIONS DT may be differentially influenced by different forms of childhood trauma. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Barker B, Kerr T, Dong H, Wood E, DeBeck K. High school incompletion and childhood maltreatment among street-involved young people in Vancouver, Canada. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2017; 25:378-384. [PMID: 26709010 PMCID: PMC5037052 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
While the link between educational attainment and future health and wellness is well understood, little investigation has considered the potential impacts of distinct forms of childhood maltreatment on high school completion. In the present study, the relationship between five categories of childhood maltreatment (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, and physical and emotional neglect) and completion of high school education were examined using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). From September 2005 to May 2013, data were collected for the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS), a cohort of street-involved young people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada. We used logistic regression to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and high school completion, while controlling for a range of potential confounding variables. Specifically, five separate models for each category of maltreatment and two combined models were employed to examine the relative associations between, and cumulative impact of, different forms of childhood maltreatment and educational attainment. Among 974 young people, 737 (76%) reported not completing high school. In separate multivariable analyses physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect remained positively and independently associated with an incomplete high school education. In a combined multivariable model with all forms of childhood maltreatment considered together, emotional abuse (adjusted odds ratio = 2.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.51-2.86) was the only form of maltreatment that remained significantly associated with an incomplete high school education. The cumulative impact assessment indicated a moderate dose-dependent trend where the greater the number of different forms of childhood maltreatment the greater the risk of not completing a high school education. These findings point to the need for trauma-informed interventions to improve educational attainment among vulnerable young people, as well as evidence-based prevention programmes, such as the Nurse-Family Partnership, aimed at supporting at-risk families before maltreatment occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Barker
- Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Room 667, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Thomas Kerr
- Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Division of AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Room 667, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Huiru Dong
- Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Evan Wood
- Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Division of AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Room 667, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Kora DeBeck
- Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- School of Public Policy, Simon Fraser University, 515 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3, Canada
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Injecting and Sexual Networks and Sociodemographic Factors and Dual HIV Risk among People Who Inject Drugs: A Cross-sectional Study in Kermanshah Province, Iran. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2016; 8:186-194. [PMID: 28496957 PMCID: PMC5422015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies suggest that social network factors, including size of sexual network may associate with drug-related and sexual high-risk behaviors. The objective of this study is to investigate injecting and sexual networks and sociodemographic factors that might be associated with dual HIV risk (DHR) among people who inject drug (PWID). METHODS The data from a cross-sectional study of 455 PWID that were recruited through peer-referral sampling were used in this study. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisted of modules on sociodemographic characteristics, sexual and injection-related risk behaviors during 12 months before the interview. DHR was defined as engaged in both using a syringe previously used by other PWIDs and unprotected sex during last 12 months. Data analysis was performed with descriptive and logistic regression. In final model, we considered variables with P < 0.500 as statistically significant. Finally, reported adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and confidence interval (95% CI) for variables that were significant in the final model. FINDINGS A total of 455 men who injected drugs participated in this study. The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 33.2 ± 7.3 (range 19-58) years. Overall, the prevalence of DHR In the last 12 months, 38% (95% CI: 18.3-51.2%). Multivariate model showed that regular visit to needle, syringe programs (NSPs) reduced odd of HDR to 50% when adjusted for other covariates, but still remained statistically significant (P < 0.050). The odds of reporting DHR was significantly higher in those ≥ 2 sex partners and injection partner (P < 0.010). Odds of DHR was higher (AOR: 2.3) among participants who had more than 2 injection per day but was not statistically significant (P > 0.050). CONCLUSION DHR was common in PWID in Kermanshah, Iran. Having multiple injecting and sexual partners increased the odds of engaging in dual risk behaviors, but regular visit of NSPs can reduce the DHR among PWID.
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Jordan JT, Samuelson KW. Predicting Suicide Intent: The Roles of Experiencing or Committing Violent Acts. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2016; 46:293-300. [PMID: 26418043 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the interpersonal theory of suicide (Joiner, 2005), repeated exposure to painful or provocative experiences is associated with lethal or nearly lethal suicide attempts. However, suicide research often focuses on suicide ideation or attempts, rather than intent. Using data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys, we examined traumatic experiences, with a focus on repeated exposure to traumas, in individuals who described their suicide attempts as a strong intent to die versus a cry for help. Only repeated acts of committing violence were associated with high suicide intent, suggesting that individuals who engage in violence are at heightened risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Jordan
- California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristin W Samuelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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Werb D, Richardson C, Buxton J, Shoveller J, Wood E, Kerr T. Development of a brief substance use sensation seeking scale: validation and prediction of injection-related behaviors. AIDS Behav 2015; 19:352-61. [PMID: 25119056 PMCID: PMC4450886 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensation seeking, a personality trait, has been shown to predict engagement in high-risk behaviors. However, little is known regarding the impact of sensation seeking on substance use among street youth. We therefore sought to modify a sensation seeking scale (SSS) for use among this population. Street youth from the Vancouver-based At-Risk Youth Study (n = 226) completed the modified SSS. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA/CFA) were undertaken to establish the scale's dimensionality and internal validity. The association between SSS score and injection-related behaviors was tested using generalized estimating equation analysis. EFA results indicated scale unidimensionality. The comparative fit index (CFI) suggested acceptable fit (CFI = 0.914). In multivariate analysis, sensation seeking was independently associated with injection drug use, crystal methamphetamine use, polysubstance use, and binge drug use (all p < 0.05). Our findings provide preliminary support for the use of the modified SSS among street youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Werb
- Urban Health Research Initiative, BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada, 608 – 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chris Richardson
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jane Buxton
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeannie Shoveller
- Urban Health Research Initiative, BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada, 608 – 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Evan Wood
- Urban Health Research Initiative, BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada, 608 – 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas Kerr
- Urban Health Research Initiative, BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada, 608 – 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Ford JD, Gómez JM. The relationship of psychological trauma and dissociative and posttraumatic stress disorders to nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidality: a review. J Trauma Dissociation 2015; 16:232-71. [PMID: 25758363 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2015.989563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed research on the relationship between (a) exposure to psychological trauma and (b) nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality (suicidal ideation [SI] and suicide attempts [SA]) in individuals with dissociative disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The review provides a context for the special issue of the Journal of Trauma & Dissociation on these topics. Exposure to childhood sexual abuse is the most consistent traumatic antecedent of self-harm, although traumatic violence in childhood (particularly physical abuse) and adulthood (particularly domestic violence) and exposure to multiple types of traumatic stressors also are associated with NSSI and SI/SA. Dissociative disorders and PTSD are consistently associated with increased NSSI and SA/SI. There is preliminary cross-sectional evidence that dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorders may mediate the relationship between psychological trauma and NSSI and SI/SA. Research on emotion dysregulation as a potential cross-cutting mechanism linking dissociation, PTSD, and self-harm is also reviewed. We conclude with a discussion of implications for clinical practice and future directions for scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D Ford
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Connecticut School of Medicine , Farmington , Connecticut , USA
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Mackelprang JL, Harpin SB, Grubenhoff JA, Rivara FP. Adverse outcomes among homeless adolescents and young adults who report a history of traumatic brain injury. Am J Public Health 2014; 104:1986-92. [PMID: 25122029 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the prevalence of self-reported traumatic brain injury (TBI) among homeless young people and explored whether sociodemographic characteristics, mental health diagnoses, substance use, exposure to violence, or difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs) were associated with TBI. METHODS We analyzed data from the Wilder Homelessness Study, in which participants were recruited in 2006 and 2009 from streets, shelters, and locations in Minnesota that provide services to homeless individuals. Participants completed 30-minute interviews to collect information about history of TBI, homelessness, health status, exposure to violence (e.g., childhood abuse, assault), and other aspects of functioning. RESULTS Of the 2732 participating adolescents and young adults, 43% reported a history of TBI. Participants with TBI became homeless at a younger age and were more likely to report mental health diagnoses, substance use, suicidality, victimization, and difficulties with ADLs. The majority of participants (51%) reported sustaining their first injury prior to becoming homeless or at the same age of their first homeless episode (10%). CONCLUSIONS TBI occurs frequently among homeless young people and is a marker of adverse outcomes such as mental health difficulties, suicidal behavior, substance use, and victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Mackelprang
- Jessica L. Mackelprang is with the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle. Scott B. Harpin is with the College of Nursing, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora. Joseph A. Grubenhoff is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora. Frederick P. Rivara is with the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine
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Barbosa LP, Quevedo L, da Silva GDG, Jansen K, Pinheiro RT, Branco J, Lara D, Oses J, da Silva RA. Childhood trauma and suicide risk in a sample of young individuals aged 14-35 years in southern Brazil. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:1191-1196. [PMID: 24629481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is among the main causes of death of people aged between 15 and 44 years old. Childhood trauma is an important risk factor for suicide. Hence, the objective of this study was to verify the relationship between childhood trauma and current suicide risk (suicidal behavior and ideation) in individuals aged 14-35 years, in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study. Sample selection was performed by clusters. Suicide risk was evaluated using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Moreover, the participants responded to a questionnaire concerning socioeconomic status, work, and substance use. The sample was composed of 1,380 individuals. The prevalence of suicide risk was 11.5%. The prevalence figures of childhood trauma were 15.2% (emotional neglect), 13.5% (physical neglect), 7.6% (sexual abuse), 10.1% (physical abuse), and 13.8% (emotional abuse). Suicide risk was associated (p<.001) with gender, work, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and all types of childhood trauma. The odds of suicide risk were higher in women (OR=1.8), people who were not currently working (OR=2.3), individuals who presented alcohol abuse (OR=2.6), and among tobacco smokers (OR=3.4). Moreover, suicide risk was increased in all types of trauma: emotional neglect (OR=3.7), physical neglect (OR=2.8), sexual abuse (OR=3.4), physical abuse (OR=3.1), and emotional abuse (OR=6.6). Thus, preventing early trauma may reduce suicide risk in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Porto Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luciana Quevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Del Grande da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Karen Jansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jerônimo Branco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Diogo Lara
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Pd 12A, Partenon, 90670-100 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Azevedo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
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The immediate and lasting effects of adolescent homelessness on suicidal ideation and behavior. J Adolesc Health 2012; 51:407-8. [PMID: 23084159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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