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Kiekens WJ, Van der Ploeg R, Fish JN, Salway T, Kaufman TML, Baams L. Trends in Bullying Victimization and Social Unsafety for Sexually and Gender Diverse Students. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1579-1592. [PMID: 38270823 PMCID: PMC11136792 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Research has documented trends in bullying victimization for sexually diverse adolescents in the US, but trends regarding school social unsafety are understudied and there is a dearth of research examining these trends for gender diverse adolescents. This study aimed to identify disparities in bullying victimization and feelings of social unsafety in schools for sexually and gender diverse adolescents. Data stem from the 2014 (N = 15,800; M age = 14.17, SD = 1.50), 2016 (N = 22,310; M age = 14.17, SD = 1.49), and 2018 (N = 10,493; M age = 14.02, SD = 1.52) survey cycles of the Social Safety Monitor, a Dutch cross-sectional school-based study. Findings indicate that sexual orientation disparities remained relatively small, but stable over time, while gender diverse adolescents remained more likely to be victimized and feel unsafe in school, with larger disparities overall. Monitoring these trends is highly relevant, especially considering recent negative developments regarding societal acceptance of sexual and gender diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Kiekens
- Department of Sociology/Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology, (ICS), University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R Van der Ploeg
- Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J N Fish
- Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Dr., College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - T Salway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - T M L Kaufman
- Department of Education and Pedagogy, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L Baams
- Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ying Y, Santtila P, Li G. Predictors of attitudes toward potentially having a lesbian, gay, or bisexual child among Chinese heterosexual adults. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:1709-1724. [PMID: 36517939 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parental acceptance is a robust protective factor for lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) individuals' mental health, yet its predictors have not been frequently studied in China. The present study examined predictors of Chinese heterosexual adults' attitudes toward potentially having an LGB child. Participants were 700 Chinese nationals (37.6% women and 62.4% men) aged 18-64 who identified as exclusively heterosexual and did not have an LGB child. We found that beliefs about the changeability of sexual orientation and beliefs in negative outcomes of being LGB predicted negative attitudes toward having an LGB child in domains of emotion, cognition, and behavior. Moreover, more exposure to LGB individuals predicted reduced disapproval and negative actions as well as increased positive actions. These findings revealed the key factors to changing Chinese people's attitudes toward having an LGB child. Clinical implications for therapists and counselors working with Chinese LGB individuals and their parents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurun Ying
- NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pekka Santtila
- NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Social Development Group at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gu Li
- NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Social Development Group at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Lu D, Qing Z, Tu Y, Liu X. Sexual orientation and psychotic-like experiences among Chinese college students: the role of gender. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1139484. [PMID: 37743983 PMCID: PMC10514363 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1139484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The mental health of sexual minorities has received increasing attention, but there are few studies on the risk of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) among sexual minorities. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between different sexual orientations and PLEs among college students and the moderating effect of gender. Methods A total of 4,460 college students from seven provinces participated in this cross-sectional survey. The χ2 test and logistic regression were used to investigate the relationship between sexual orientation and PLEs. Results Of the participants, 4.9% identified as bisexual, 1.1% as lesbian/gay, and 5.6% were questioning/unsure; 60.1% of the sample experienced at least one PLE item, 59.2% reported delusional experiences (DEs), and 20.6% had hallucinatory experiences (HEs). Compared with heterosexual college students, bisexual and questioning students showed a higher risk of PLEs, DEs, and HEs, and lesbian/gay students showed a higher risk of HEs. Stratified analysis indicated that sexual orientation was significantly associated with PLEs only for female college students. Conclusion Sexual orientation is a predictive factor of PLEs. In particular, different sexual minority subgroups show the different effects on PLEs between male and female college students. Mental health interventions for PLEs could employ distinct strategies based on different sexual orientations and gender disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Lu
- Department of Pediatric Psychology, Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zaihua Qing
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoqun Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Wiginton JM, Murray SM, Baral SD, Sanchez TH. Targeted Violence as a Risk Factor for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Cisgender Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who have Sex with Men in the United States. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:9739-9764. [PMID: 37118946 PMCID: PMC10527206 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231169755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the United States (US) are disproportionately exposed to interpersonal violence, which carries a high conditional risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and which is often motivated by sexual prejudice. We determined PTSD prevalence by violence attribution (motivated by sexual prejudice or not) and measured PTSD-attribution associations. Using a 2020 nationwide cross-sectional survey of 2,886 GBMSM who reported ever experiencing interpersonal violence, we performed multivariable modified Poisson regressions with robust variance estimators to examine differences in prevalence of current PTSD by how participants attributed the violence (occurring due to one's same-sex practices, not occurring due to one's same-sex practices, or being unsure if it occurred due to one's same-sex practices). Model results are reported as adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Median age was 27 years; 78.8% of participants identified as gay, and 62.2% were non-Hispanic White. Violence was attributed to same-sex practices by 45.8% of participants; 46.3% did not make this attribution, and 7.0% were unsure (0.9% preferred not to answer). Overall, 23.0% screened positive for PTSD, and PTSD prevalence was greater for those who attributed violence to same-sex practices (25.9% [342/1,321]; aPR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.34, 1.79]) and those who were unsure (33.5% [68/203]; aPR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.44, 2.25]) compared to those who did not make the attribution (18.1% [242/1,335]). Age modified this association, with participants 15 to 19 years old who made the attribution being significantly more likely to have PTSD relative to 20+ participants who also made the attribution. In addition to violence-prevention and stigma-mitigation efforts, interventions targeting attribution styles may be useful for violence-exposed GBMSM, especially teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mark Wiginton
- University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- San Diego State University, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Murray
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefan D Baral
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Travis H Sanchez
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chan RCH, Lam MS. Sexual orientation disparities in developmental assets among youth: The mediating role of bullying victimization. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 143:106254. [PMID: 37348322 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Navigating the developmental transition from adolescence to young adulthood while simultaneously integrating the emergence of a sexual minority identity can be overwhelming for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning youth as the developmental tasks pose tremendous challenges to the cultivation of developmental assets, which are the building blocks necessary for fostering positive youth development and thriving. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to estimate the sexual orientation disparities in bullying victimization and developmental assets, investigate whether these sexual orientation differences varied by sex assigned at birth, and examine the mediating role of bullying victimization in the association between sexual orientation and developmental assets. METHODS This study included a national sample of 3020 Chinese youth (51.5 % assigned male at birth; 48.5 % assigned female at birth) with a mean age of 15.71 years. They completed a self-report questionnaire on experiences of bullying victimization and developmental assets. RESULTS Sexual minority and questioning youth showed significantly lower levels of developmental assets than heterosexual youth. The sexual orientation differences in developmental assets did not significantly differ by sex assigned at birth. In addition, sexual minority youth were at heightened risk of relational bullying than heterosexual youth. The results obtained from the structural equation modeling indicated that bullying victimization mediated the association of sexual orientation with developmental assets. Compared to heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth were more likely to be subjected to bullying, which was linked to lower levels of developmental assets. CONCLUSIONS The study shows sexual orientation disparities in developmental assets among youth in China and reveals that the positive development of sexual minority youth may be hindered by their experiences of bullying victimization. The implications for positive psychological interventions and anti-bullying policies in Chinese educational settings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph C H Chan
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.
| | - Marcus Shengkai Lam
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
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Liu X, Yang Z, Yang M, Ighaede-Edwards IG, Wu F, Liu Q, Lai X, Lu D. The relationship between school bullying victimization and mental health among high school sexual minority students in China: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:69-76. [PMID: 37080492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School bullying has become a matter of global concern for the general public. Sexual minority youth (SMY) may experience minority stress and victimization which are known to adversely affect mental health and happiness. However, a few scholars explored and linked sexual orientation with campus bullying, depression, and anxiety symptoms under the specific cultural background of China. OBJECTIVE This study was to examine the effect of traditional and cyber bullying victimization on depression and anxiety among Chinese sexual minority adolescents. METHODS This is a cross-sectional survey with a total of 3841 subjects among senior high school students in Hunan Province, China. Related information was collected through a series of self-reported questionnaires. The association between variables was examined via a set of logistic regressions. RESULTS Homosexuality (OR: 6.398; 95 % CI: 3.321 to 12.325), bisexuality (OR: 3.146; 95 % CI: 1.499 to 6.603) and uncertainty of sexual orientation (OR: 2.341; 95 % CI: 1.516 to 3.615) were significantly associated with a combination of traditional and cyber bullying victimization. Compared to the heterosexual group, the sexual minority students, especially the bisexual students has a higher risk of depressive mood (OR: 2.349; 95 % CI: 1.664 to 3.316) and anxiety mood (OR: 3.049; 95 % CI: 2.150 to 4.324). Further multivariate binary hierarchical regression showed that the effects of sexual orientation and mental health were statistically significant only among those who are not involved in bullying victimization, OR values are from 1.929 (95 % CI: 1.061 to 3.507) to 3.209 (95 % CI: 2.090 to 4.927). CONCLUSIONS Homosexuals are most likely to be victims of a combination of traditional and cyber bullying victims. Bisexuals are most at risk for emotional problems. Sexual minorities in particular, showed differences in mental health risks between bullied and non-bullied groups. More attention needs to be paid to bullying and mental health among sexual minority students in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengmin Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengsi Yang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China.
| | | | - Fang Wu
- Department of Medical Records, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Lai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dali Lu
- Department of Pediatric Psychology, Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Baiden P, Cavazos-Rehg P, Szlyk HS, Onyeaka HK, Peoples JE, Kasson E, Muoghalu C. Association between Sexual Violence Victimization and Electronic Vaping Product Use among Adolescents: Findings from a Population-based Study. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:637-648. [PMID: 36803403 PMCID: PMC11177576 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2177963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have investigated the association between sexual violence (SV) victimization and substance use, few studies have examined the association between SV victimization and electronic vaping product (EVP) use among adolescents in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional association between SV victimization and EVP use among adolescents. METHODS Data were pooled from the 2017 and 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 28,135 adolescents (51.2% female) was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The outcome variable investigated was EVP use, and the main explanatory variable was SV victimization. RESULTS Of the 28,135 adolescents, the prevalence of past 30-day EVP use and SV victimization was 22.7% and 10.8%, respectively. Controlling for other factors, adolescents who experienced SV had 1.52 times higher odds of being EVP users when compared to their counterparts who did not experience SV (AOR = 1.52, p < .001, 95% CI = 1.27-1.82). Other factors associated with EVP use included cyberbullying victimization, symptoms of depression, and current use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing SV was associated with EVP use. Future studies that employ longitudinal designs may offer more insight into the mechanisms underlying the association between SV victimization and EVP use. In addition, school-based interventions that focus on sexual violence prevention and reducing substance use among adolescents are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hannah S. Szlyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Henry K. Onyeaka
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Erin Kasson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Baiden P, Spoor SP, Nicholas JK, Brown FA, LaBrenz CA, Spadola C. Association between use of electronic vaping products and insufficient sleep among adolescents: Findings from the 2017 and 2019 YRBS. Sleep Med 2023; 101:19-27. [PMID: 36334497 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although studies have investigated the association between cigarette smoking and sleep outcomes among adolescents in the United States, few studies have examined the association between electronic vaping products (EVPs) use and insufficient sleep among adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between the use of EVPs and insufficient sleep among adolescents. METHODS Data were pooled from the 2017 and 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 28,135 adolescents (51.2% female) was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The dependent variable investigated was insufficient sleep, and the main independent variable was the use of EVPs. RESULTS Of the 28,135 adolescents, 22.6%, 19.2%, and 58.2% were current, former, and never users of EVPs, respectively. More than three in four adolescents (76.5%) did not obtain the recommended 8 h of sleep on an average school night. Controlling for demographic factors and other covariates, adolescents who currently used EVPs had 1.33 times higher odds of having insufficient sleep (AOR = 1.33, p < .001, 95% CI = 1.16-1.52), and adolescents who previously used EVPs had 1.29 times higher odds of having insufficient sleep (AOR = 1.29, p < .001, 95% CI = 1.15-1.44) when compared to adolescents who had never used EVPs. Adolescents were more likely to get insufficient sleep if they were older, non-Hispanic Black, had symptoms of depression, experienced suicidal ideation, engaged in excessive screen-time behaviors, or currently used alcohol. Physical activity had a protective effect on insufficient sleep. CONCLUSION This study found that EVPs use was associated with insufficient sleep among adolescents over and above demographic and other covariates. As EVP use increases among adolescents, it is important to consider the potential impact on multiple domains, including sleep. Future studies that employ longitudinal designs may offer additional insight into the mechanisms underlying the association between EVPs use and insufficient sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper St, Box 19129, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
| | - Samantha P Spoor
- University of Wyoming, Department of Psychology, 1000 E. University Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Julia K Nicholas
- University of Louisville, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Room 307 Life Sciences Building, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Fawn A Brown
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Psychology, 501 Nedderman Dr, Box 19528, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Catherine A LaBrenz
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper St, Box 19129, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Christine Spadola
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper St, Box 19129, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
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Ioverno S, Bishop MD, Russell ST. Does a Decade of School Administrator Support for Educator Training on Students' Sexual and Gender Identity Make a Difference for Students' Victimization and Perceptions of School Climate? PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:108-118. [PMID: 34235632 PMCID: PMC9171694 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Professional development training for school personnel on issues related to sexual and gender identity (i.e., SOGI training) is a school strategy designed to prevent health and educational disparities for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth at school. Yet we know surprisingly little about how the presence of this practice at school affects students' experience. This study explores whether students' experiences of victimization and school climate vary as a function of school administrator support for SOGI training at two time points (2004 and 2014). We combined multiple independent databases: students' reports on victimization and school climate in 2013-2015 (n = 55,158), and school (n = 152) and school district data (n = 67) on support for SOGI training in 2004 and 2014. More positive school climates were found in schools with support for SOGI training in 2004 only and both 2004 and 2014 compared to schools with SOGI training support in 2014 only. In schools with support for SOGI training in both 2004 and 2014, LGBT students reported the lowest rates of victimization. Findings from this study provide evidence that support for SOGI training by school administration is an effective way to improve school contexts for LGBT and all students. School administrators who aim to reduce victimization disparities for LGBT students and improve school climates should support the implementation of SOGI training, and sustain such training over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Ioverno
- Department of Sociology, Ghent University, Korte Meer 5, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Meg D Bishop
- Population Research Center, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas At Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephen T Russell
- Population Research Center, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas At Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Bragard E, Macapagal K, Mustanski B, Fisher CB. Association of CAI Vulnerability and Sexual Minority Victimization Distress Among Adolescent Men Who Have Sex With Men. PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER DIVERSITY 2021; 8:496-505. [PMID: 34957315 DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) are at high HIV risk. Condomless anal intercourse (CAI) increases HIV risk and has been associated with interpersonal power imbalances, such as asymmetries in decision-making authority, social status, and emotional dependence, between male sexual partners. AMSM experience high levels of psychological and physical victimization due to their sexual minority status. Sexual minority victimization (SMV) is similarly associated with low interpersonal power and may relate to the extent to which AMSM are vulnerable to partner influences to engage in CAI. This online survey study of AMSM 14-17 years (N = 143) tested the hypothesis that experiences and attitudes reflecting vulnerability to partner CAI influence (CAI Vulnerability) and distress in response to experienced sexual minority victimization (SMV Distress) would be positively associated with participant and partner condom non-use during anal sex (CAI frequency). Approximately 35% reported they or their partner(s) had never or rarely used a condom. Positive correlations were found among partners' CAI frequency during sex with the participant, CAI Vulnerability, and SMV Distress. Multiple regression indicated CAI Vulnerability significantly accounted for the relation between SMV Distress and partner's CAI frequency. Findings suggest that distress in response to SMV may be associated with a diminished sense of interpersonal control resulting in CAI Vulnerability and subsequent more frequent instances of partner CAI. HIV prevention strategies designed to increase condom use among AMSM have the potential to benefit from procedures aimed at increasing interpersonal sexual assertiveness and decreasing distress associated with sexual minority victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Macapagal
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
| | - Celia B Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University.,Center for Ethics Education, Fordham University
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11
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Smith AU, Reidy D. Bullying and suicide risk among sexual minority youth in the United States. Prev Med 2021; 153:106728. [PMID: 34298027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bullying is associated with increased suicide risk and maladaptive development for sexual minority youth (SMY). The purpose of this study is to determine whether multiple forms of bullying mediate the relationship between biological sex and suicide risk among SMY and to determine whether sexual identity moderates these relationships (i.e., moderated mediation). Data from the 2015-2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey was analyzed using multiple group structural equation modeling with the 5967 youth that self-identified as Lesbian/Gay, Bisexual, or Not sure of their sexual identity. All forms of bullying were associated with suicide risk. After controlling for bullying, Male SMY reported less suicide risk in comparison to female SMY. Female SMY were more likely to be cyberbullied while male SMY were more likely to be threatened or injured with a weapon. Sexual identity did not moderate these relationships. These finding align with the minority stress theory which posits the victimization experiences are linked to negative mental health outcomes among minority youth. Although sexual identity did not moderate these relationships, this study reveals new mechanistic pathways influencing sex-based suicide risk disparities among SMY. Findings can inform future research and the development of suicide prevention interventions that address the unique needs of SMY occurring at the intersection of sex and sexual identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel U Smith
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing - Health Systems Science, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dennis Reidy
- Health Promotion & Behavior in the School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Goodin A, Fallin-Bennett K, Anderson-Hoagland E, Fallin-Bennett A. Tobacco use and mental health disparities in LGB youth. Public Health Nurs 2021; 39:659-663. [PMID: 34672011 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2019, the Youth Risk Behavioral Survey (YRBS) collected sexual orientation data for the first time in Kentucky. Tobacco use behaviors and mental health status among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) youth is infrequently documented in southern states such as Kentucky. This study aimed to analyze self-reported tobacco use and mental health in youth by sexual orientation. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE All participants, aged 12-19, of the 2019 Kentucky YRBS that indicated a sexual orientation. MEASUREMENTS Differences in response distributions for tobacco use and mental health measures were analyzed via chi square by sexual orientation, with additional stratification by sex. RESULTS A total of n = 1996 respondents were 12.8% LGB-identified and 82.1% heterosexual-identified. No disparities between LGB and heterosexual youth were observed in tobacco-related behaviors for male students, but disparities were persistent for female students (p = .005 for "tried tobacco before age 13"; p = .007 for "current smoking", p = .012 for "ever smoked"). Mental health disparities between LGB and heterosexual youth were significant for males and females (p < .05, all mental health measures). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that tobacco disparities in this most recent data are narrower than in previous years; however, mental health disparities persist between LGB and heterosexual youth in Kentucky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie Goodin
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Keisa Fallin-Bennett
- College of Medicine, Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Amanda Fallin-Bennett
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Voices of Hope, Inc., Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Q Chat Space: Assessing the Feasibility and Acceptability of an Internet-Based Support Program for LGBTQ Youth. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 23:130-141. [PMID: 34490582 PMCID: PMC8420963 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
There are few psychosocial support programs specifically designed to meet the unique developmental and health needs of LGBTQ youth. Even when available, many youth face significant barriers to accessing LGBTQ-specific services for fear of being “outed” to parents, peers, and community members. The current study assessed the utility, feasibility, and acceptability of a synchronous, adult-facilitated, chat-based Internet community support program for LGBTQ youth aged 13–19. Chat transcripts were analyzed to examine how LGBTQ youth used the chat-based platform to connect with peers and trusted adults. A separate user satisfaction survey was collected to assess the personal (e.g., sexual orientation, gender identity, age) and contextual (e.g., geography, family environment) characteristics of youth engaging in the platform, their preferred topics of discussion, and their satisfaction with the program focus and facilitators. Qualitative data analysis demonstrated the degree to which LGBTQ youth were comfortable disclosing difficult and challenging situations with family, friends, and in their community and in seeking support from peers and facilitators online. Youth also used the platform to explore facets of sexual and gender identity/expression and self-acceptance. Overall, users were very satisfied with the platform, and participants accurately reflect the program’s desired populations for engagement (e.g., LGBTQ youth of color, LGBTQ youth in the South). Together, findings support the feasibility and acceptability of synchronous, adult-facilitated, chat-based Internet programs to connect and support LGBTQ youth, which encourage future research and innovation in service delivery.
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Rand JJ, Paceley MS, Fish JN, Anderson SO. LGBTQ+ Inclusion and Support: An Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities Within 4-H. JOURNAL OF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT 2021; 16:26-51. [PMID: 35284581 PMCID: PMC8916108 DOI: 10.5195/jyd.2021.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
LGBTQ+ youth experience health disparities compared with heterosexual and cisgender youth. Community-based, positive youth development organizations are an important resource to support and affirm LGBTQ+ youth. This study aimed to identify the opportunities and challenges in supporting LGBTQ+ youth within 4-H. The study took place in one state in the United States within a 4-H program and employed qualitative, community-based methods using SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analyses and focus groups of 4-H staff, support staff, volunteers, and youth participants. The majority of participants were White and middle class with direct connections to the 4-H program. Thematic analyses were conducted by multiple analysts until consensus was reached. Challenges and opportunities emerged in 3 themes: (a) organizational climate; (b) policies and procedures; and (c) training, education, and resources. Two additional themes included opportunities only: (a) community engagement and (b) youth-specific resources. This study has important implications for the 4-H program, rural community practice, and research, including strategies to improve LGBTQ+ inclusivity through education, programs and policies, hiring, and community partnerships. Additionally, this study highlights the opportunity and unique positionality of the 4-H program to amplify youth voices in the creation of youth-specific resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Rand
- Extension Center for Youth Development, University of Minnesota
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15
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Felt D, Wang X, Ruprecht MM, Turner B, Beach LB, Philbin MM, Birkett M, Phillips Ii G. Differential Decline in Illicit Drug Use by Sexual Identity Among United States High School Students, 2005-2017. LGBT Health 2020; 7:420-430. [PMID: 33155884 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2020.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Adolescent drug use remains a significant public health concern. Sexual minority youth (SMY) are at elevated risk for illicit drug use compared with their heterosexual peers. We investigated this pattern at the national level, exploring whether trends and disparities in drug use vary over time and by sexual identity. Methods: This study used Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data, which were collected at seven time points from 2005 to 2017. Trends and disparities over time in the use of five drugs, as well as any drug use, were analyzed by self-reported sexual identity. Results: The results demonstrated a general decrease in drug use behaviors from 2005 to 2017. The greatest number of significant decreases was among heterosexual and bisexual students; the fewest were among gay and lesbian students. Disparities between heterosexual youth and SMY persisted across years, and were greater for gay and lesbian students in 2017 than for bisexual and not-sure youth. Conclusions: Our results represent the most comprehensive analysis of recent trends in drug use by sexual identity to date. Disparities in drug use remained significant despite overall downward trends within our sample. The significant decreases among bisexual students are not readily explained. We emphasize the need for ongoing research in this area, particularly given the currently volatile social position of sexual minority populations in the United States, and for culturally responsive and trauma-informed responses to SMY drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Felt
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xinzi Wang
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan M Ruprecht
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Blair Turner
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren B Beach
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Morgan Mari Philbin
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle Birkett
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory Phillips Ii
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Fish JN. Future Directions in Understanding and Addressing Mental Health among LGBTQ Youth. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2020; 49:943-956. [PMID: 33074740 PMCID: PMC7736182 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1815207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Today's LGBTQ youth come of age at a time of dynamic social and political change with regard to LGBTQ rights and visibility, yet remain vulnerable to compromised mental health. Despite advances in individual-level treatment strategies, school-based programs, and state-level policies that address LGBTQ mental health, there remains a critical gap in large-scale evidence-based prevention and intervention programs designed to support the positive development and mental health of LGBTQ youth. To spur advances in research and translation, I pose six considerations for future scholarship and practice. I begin by framing LGBTQ (mental) health disparities in a life course perspective and discuss how research focused on the timing of events could offer insight into the optimum targets and timing of prevention and intervention strategies. Next, I argue the importance of expanding notions of "mental health" to include perspectives of wellbeing, positive youth development, and resilience. I then consider how research might attend to the complexity of LGBTQ youths' lived experience within and across the various contexts they traverse in their day-to-day lives. Similarly, I discuss the importance of exploring heterogeneity in LGBTQ youth experiences and mental health. I also offer suggestions for how community partnerships may be a key resource for developing and evaluating evidence-informed programs and tools designed to foster the positive development and mental health of LGBTQ youth. Finally, I acknowledge the potentials of team science for advancing research and practice for LGBTQ youth health and wellbeing. Throughout, these future directions center the urgent needs of LGBTQ youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Fish
- Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, 4200 Valley Drive, Suite 1142, College Park, MD, 20742
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