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Lista S, Santos-Lozano A, Emanuele E, Mercuri NB, Gabelle A, López-Ortiz S, Martín-Hernández J, Maisto N, Imbimbo C, Caraci F, Imbimbo BP, Zetterberg H, Nisticò R. Monitoring synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease through fluid and PET imaging biomarkers: a comprehensive review and future perspectives. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:847-857. [PMID: 38228892 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently constrained by limited clinical treatment options. The initial pathophysiological event, which can be traced back to decades before the clinical symptoms become apparent, involves the excessive accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), a peptide comprised of 40-42 amino acids, in extraneuronal plaques within the brain. Biochemical and histological studies have shown that overaccumulation of Aβ instigates an aberrant escalation in the phosphorylation and secretion of tau, a microtubule-binding axonal protein. The accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau into intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles is in turn correlated with microglial dysfunction and reactive astrocytosis, culminating in synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. As neurodegeneration progresses, it gives rise to mild clinical symptoms of AD, which may eventually evolve into overt dementia. Synaptic loss in AD may develop even before tau alteration and in response to possible elevations in soluble oligomeric forms of Aβ associated with early AD. These findings largely rely on post-mortem autopsy examinations, which typically involve a limited number of patients. Over the past decade, a range of fluid biomarkers such as neurogranin, α-synuclein, visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), neuronal pentraxin 2, and β-synuclein, along with positron emission tomography (PET) markers like synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A, have been developed. These advancements have facilitated the exploration of how synaptic markers in AD patients correlate with cognitive impairment. However, fluid biomarkers indicating synaptic loss have only been validated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), not in plasma, with the exception of VILIP-1. The most promising PET radiotracer, [11C]UCB-J, currently faces significant challenges hindering its widespread clinical use, primarily due to the necessity of a cyclotron. As such, additional research geared toward the exploration of synaptic pathology biomarkers is crucial. This will not only enable their extensive clinical application, but also refine the optimization process of AD pharmacological trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012, Valladolid, Spain
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nicola B Mercuri
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- CMRR, Memory Resources and Research Center, Montpellier University of Excellence i-site, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nunzia Maisto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Imbimbo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
- Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018, Troina, Italy
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53726, WI, USA
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Del Campo M, Vermunt L, Peeters CFW, Sieben A, Hok-A-Hin YS, Lleó A, Alcolea D, van Nee M, Engelborghs S, van Alphen JL, Arezoumandan S, Chen-Plotkin A, Irwin DJ, van der Flier WM, Lemstra AW, Teunissen CE. CSF proteome profiling reveals biomarkers to discriminate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer´s disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5635. [PMID: 37704597 PMCID: PMC10499811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is challenging and specific biofluid biomarkers are highly needed. We employed proximity extension-based assays to measure 665 proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with DLB (n = 109), Alzheimer´s disease (AD, n = 235) and cognitively unimpaired controls (n = 190). We identified over 50 CSF proteins dysregulated in DLB, enriched in myelination processes among others. The dopamine biosynthesis enzyme DDC was the strongest dysregulated protein, and could efficiently discriminate DLB from controls and AD (AUC:0.91 and 0.81 respectively). Classification modeling unveiled a 7-CSF biomarker panel that better discriminate DLB from AD (AUC:0.93). A custom multiplex panel for six of these markers (DDC, CRH, MMP-3, ABL1, MMP-10, THOP1) was developed and validated in independent cohorts, including an AD and DLB autopsy cohort. This DLB CSF proteome study identifies DLB-specific protein changes and translates these findings to a practicable biomarker panel that accurately identifies DLB patients, providing promising diagnostic and clinical trial testing opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Del Campo
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Barcelonaßeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lisa Vermunt
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel F W Peeters
- Mathematical & Statistical Methods group (Biometris), Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Sieben
- Lab of neuropathology, Neurobiobank, Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Yanaika S Hok-A-Hin
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU) - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU) - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirrelijn van Nee
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation Research Group (NEUR), Brussels, Belgium
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Juliette L van Alphen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanaz Arezoumandan
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Afina W Lemstra
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gokce M, Velioglu HA, Bektay MY, Guler EM. Evaluating the Clinical Significance of Diazepam Binding Inhibitor in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comparison with Inflammatory, Oxidative, and Neurodegenerative Biomarkers. Gerontology 2023; 69:1104-1112. [PMID: 37607528 DOI: 10.1159/000531849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the pathologies that the scientific world is still desperate for. The aim of this study was the investigation of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) as a prognostic factor for AD prognosis. METHODS A total of 120 participants were divided into 3 groups. Forty new diagnosed Alzheimer patients (NDG) who have been diagnosed but have not started AD treatment, 40 patients who diagnosed 5 years ago (D5YG), and 40 healthy control groups (CG) were included in the study. Levels of DBI, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative biomarkers were compared between 3 groups. RESULTS Plasma levels of DBI, oligomeric Aβ, total tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein, α-synuclein, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, tumor necrosis factor α, oxidative stress index, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and DNA damage were found higher in D5YG and NDG as compared to CG (p < 0.001). On the contrary, plasma levels of total thiol, native thiol, vitamin D and vitamin B12 were lower in D5YG and NDG as compared to CG (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION DBI may be a potential plasma biomarker and promising drug target for AD. It could help physicians make a comprehensive evaluation with cognitive and neurodegenerative tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gokce
- Department of Pharmacology, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Aziz Velioglu
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Yunus Bektay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eray Metin Guler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Hamidiye Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Coughlin DG, Irwin DJ. Fluid and Biopsy Based Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:932-954. [PMID: 37138160 PMCID: PMC10457253 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several advances in fluid and tissue-based biomarkers for use in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies have been made in the last several years. While work continues on species of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) and other proteins which can be measured from spinal fluid and plasma samples, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence from peripheral tissue biopsies and alpha-synuclein seeding amplification assays (aSyn-SAA: including real-time quaking induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA)) now offer a crucial advancement in their ability to identify aSyn species in PD patients in a categorical fashion (i.e., of aSyn + vs aSyn -); to augment clinical diagnosis however, aSyn-specific assays that have quantitative relevance to pathological burden remain an unmet need. Alzheimer's disease (AD) co-pathology is commonly found postmortem in PD, especially in those who develop dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Biofluid biomarkers for tau and amyloid beta species can detect AD co-pathology in PD and DLB, which does have relevance for prognosis, but further work is needed to understand the interplay of aSyn tau, amyloid beta, and other pathological changes to generate comprehensive biomarker profiles for patients in a manner translatable to clinical trial design and individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Coughlin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9444 Medical Center Drive, ECOB 03-021, MCC 0886, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Monge-García S, García-Ayllón MS, Sánchez-Payá J, Gasparini-Berenguer R, Cortés-Gómez MÁ, Sáez-Valero J, Monge-Argilés JA. Validity of CSF alpha-synuclein to predict psychosis in prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1124145. [PMID: 37292130 PMCID: PMC10244520 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1124145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) accompanied by psychotic symptoms (PS) has a poor prognosis and may be associated with imbalances in key neural proteins such as alpha-synuclein (AS). Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic validity of AS levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a predictor of the emergence of PS in patients with prodromal AD. Materials and methods Patients with mild cognitive impairment were recruited between 2010 and 2018. Core AD biomarkers and AS levels were measured in CSF obtained during the prodromal phase of the illness. All patients who met the NIA-AA 2018 criteria for AD biomarkers received treatment with anticholinesterasic drugs. Follow-up evaluations were conducted to assess patients for the presence of psychosis using current criteria; the use of neuroleptic drugs was required for inclusion in the psychosis group. Several comparisons were made, taking into account the timing of the emergence of PS. Results A total of 130 patients with prodromal AD were included in this study. Of these, 50 (38.4%) met the criteria for PS within an 8-year follow-up period. AS was found to be a valuable CSF biomarker to differentiate between the psychotic and non-psychotic groups in every comparison made, depending on the onset of PS. Using an AS level of 1,257 pg/mL as the cutoff, this predictor achieved at least 80% sensitivity. Conclusion To our knowledge, this study represents the first time that a CSF biomarker has shown diagnostic validity for prediction of the emergence of PS in patients with prodromal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Monge-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Salud García-Ayllón
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO,Unidad de Investigación, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Elche, Spain
| | - José Sánchez-Payá
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - María-Ángeles Cortés-Gómez
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO,Unidad de Investigación, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Elche, Spain
| | - Javier Sáez-Valero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Elche, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Monge-Argilés
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
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Dabiri S, Ramírez Ruiz MI, Jean-Louis G, Ntekim OE, Obisesan TO, Campbell AL, Mwendwa DT. The Mediating Role of Inflammation in the Relationship Between α-Synuclein and Cognitive Functioning. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:206-212. [PMID: 36269624 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that α-synuclein plays a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examined whether α-synuclein level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was associated with cognitive functioning among older adults. We also explored whether this relationship was mediated by proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, along with sIL-6R and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Using a cross-sectional Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; N = 148) sample, we examined the relationship between α-synuclein and participants' performance on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog 13) at baseline. Mediation analyses were utilized, adjusting for age, education, APOEe4, and Geriatric Depression Scale scores. All biological markers were measured in CSF. Participants in the current sample were 58.3% males, 41.7% females, and Caucasian (95.5%); their average education and age were 15.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 2.97) and 74.4 (SD = 7.51) years, respectively. Higher accumulation of α-synuclein was associated with poorer MMSE scores (β = -0.41, standard error [SE] = 1.54, p < .001). This relationship appeared to be mediated by VEGF (β = 0.27, SE = 2.15, p = .025) and IL-6r (β = 0.22, SE = 1.66, p < .026). In addition, α-synuclein was associated with poorer performance on the ADAS-Cog 13 (β = 0.34, p = .005) and mediated by VEGF (β = -0.19, SE = 4.13, p = .025) after adjusting for age, education, APOEe4, and depressive symptoms. α-Synuclein may serve as an additional biomarker for determining poor cognitive functioning. VEGF and IL-6 soluble receptors were significant mediators of the relationship between α-synuclein and cognitive functioning. If confirmed in prospective analyses, these findings can further inform the pathologic cascade and early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Dabiri
- Department of Psychology, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mara I Ramírez Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Girardin Jean-Louis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Oyonumo E Ntekim
- Department of Graduate Nutritional Sciences, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas O Obisesan
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alfonso L Campbell
- Department of Psychology, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Denée T Mwendwa
- Department of Psychology, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, Washington, DC, USA
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Leitão AD, Spencer B, Sarsoza F, Ngolab J, Amalraj J, Masliah E, Wu C, Rissman RA. Hippocampal Reduction of α-Synuclein via RNA Interference Improves Neuropathology in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:349-361. [PMID: 37522208 PMCID: PMC10578232 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are often characterized by the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in addition to amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau hallmarks. The role of α-syn has been extensively studied in synucleinopathy disorders, but less so in AD. Recent studies have shown that α-syn may also play a role in AD and its downregulation may be protective against the toxic effects of Aβ accumulation. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that selectively knocking down α-syn via RNA interference improves the neuropathological and biochemical findings in AD mice. METHODS Here we used amyloid precursor protein transgenic (APP-Tg) mice to model AD and explore pathologic and behavioral phenotypes with knockdown of α-syn using RNA interference. We selectively reduced α-syn levels by stereotaxic bilateral injection of either LV-shRNA α-syn or LV-shRNA-luc (control) into the hippocampus of AD mice. RESULTS We found that downregulation of α-syn results in significant reduction in the number of Aβ plaques. In addition, mice treated with LV-shRNA α-syn had amelioration of abnormal microglial activation (Iba1) and astrocytosis (GFAP) phenotypes in AD mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggests a novel link between Aβ and α-syn pathology as well as a new therapeutic angle for targeting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- André D.G. Leitão
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Floyd Sarsoza
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Ngolab
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Amalraj
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute of the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
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8
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Saunders TS, Gadd DA, Spires‐Jones TL, King D, Ritchie C, Muniz‐Terrera G. Associations between cerebrospinal fluid markers and cognition in ageing and dementia: A systematic review. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5650-5713. [PMID: 35338546 PMCID: PMC9790745 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A biomarker associated with cognition in neurodegenerative dementias would aid in the early detection of disease progression, complement clinical staging and act as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials. The current systematic review evaluates the association between cerebrospinal fluid protein markers of synapse loss and neuronal injury and cognition. We performed a systematic search which revealed 67 studies reporting an association between cerebrospinal fluid markers of interest and neuropsychological performance. Despite the substantial heterogeneity between studies, we found some evidence for an association between neurofilament-light and worse cognition in Alzheimer's diseases, frontotemporal dementia and typical cognitive ageing. Moreover, there was an association between cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin and cognition in those with an Alzheimer's-like cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profile. Some evidence was found for cerebrospinal fluid neuronal pentraxin-2 as a correlate of cognition across dementia syndromes. Due to the substantial heterogeneity of the field, no firm conclusions can be drawn from this review. Future research should focus on improving standardization and reporting as well as establishing the importance of novel markers such as neuronal pentraxin-2 and whether such markers can predict longitudinal cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S. Saunders
- UK Dementia Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Discovery Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Clinical Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Dementia PreventionThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Danni A. Gadd
- Center for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tara L. Spires‐Jones
- UK Dementia Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Discovery Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Declan King
- UK Dementia Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Discovery Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Center for Clinical Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Dementia PreventionThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Graciela Muniz‐Terrera
- Center for Clinical Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Dementia PreventionThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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9
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Lin X, Guo Y, Dong R, Wang B, Bi Y. Potential value of cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein in the identification of postoperative delirium undergoing knee/hip arthroplasty: The perioperative neurocognitive disorder and biomarker lifestyle study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:935869. [PMID: 36353596 PMCID: PMC9637833 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.935869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common postoperative complication, which may be associated with α-synuclein (α-syn). The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the expression level of α-syn in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and POD. Methods We conducted a prospective observational cohort study, which involved in 740 participants (mean age of 61.86 years, range 40–90 years; 40% female) from the Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder And Biomarker Lifestyle (PNDABLE) study in the final analysis. POD was diagnosed using the Confusion Assessment Scale (CAM), and its severity was measured using the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS). Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the concentrations of α-syn, Aβ40, Aβ42, T-tau, and P-tau in CSF. Results The incidence of POD was 11.22% (83/740). The logistic regression analysis showed that the increased concentrations of CSF α-syn (OR = 1.005, 95%CI 1.004–1.006, P < 0.001), P-tau (OR = 1.093, 95%CI 1.071–1.115, P < 0.001), and T-tau (OR = 1.008, 95%CI 1.006–1.009, P < 0.001) were risk factors of POD. Linear regression showed that CSF α-syn had positive correlations with P-tau (β = 0.480, P < 0.001), T-tau (β = 0.334, P < 0.001), while negative correlations with Aβ40 (β = –0.378 P < 0.001), Aβ42 (β = -0.800, P = 0.001) in POD patients. Mediation analyses showed the association between α-syn and POD was partially mediated by tau pathologies (proportion: 16–17%). Conclusion CSF α-syn is one of the preoperative risk factors for POD, which may be mediated through tau pathologies. Clinical trial registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [ChiCTR20 00033439].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuwei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang,
| | - Yanlin Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Yanlin Bi,
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10
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Blömeke L, Pils M, Kraemer-Schulien V, Dybala A, Schaffrath A, Kulawik A, Rehn F, Cousin A, Nischwitz V, Willbold J, Zack R, Tropea TF, Bujnicki T, Tamgüney G, Weintraub D, Irwin D, Grossman M, Wolk DA, Trojanowski JQ, Bannach O, Chen-Plotkin A, Willbold D. Quantitative detection of α-Synuclein and Tau oligomers and other aggregates by digital single particle counting. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:68. [PMID: 35655068 PMCID: PMC9163356 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases is the formation of toxic oligomers by proteins such as alpha-synuclein (aSyn) or microtubule-associated protein tau (Tau). Consequently, such oligomers are promising biomarker candidates for diagnostics as well as drug development. However, measuring oligomers and other aggregates in human biofluids is still challenging as extreme sensitivity and specificity are required. We previously developed surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) featuring single-particle sensitivity and absolute specificity for aggregates. In this work, we measured aSyn and Tau aggregate concentrations of 237 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from five cohorts: Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and a neurologically-normal control group. aSyn aggregate concentration discriminates PD and DLB patients from normal controls (sensitivity 73%, specificity 65%, area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) 0.68). Tau aggregates were significantly elevated in PSP patients compared to all other groups (sensitivity 87%, specificity 70%, AUC 0.76). Further, we found a tight correlation between aSyn and Tau aggregate titers among all patient cohorts (Pearson coefficient of correlation r = 0.81). Our results demonstrate that aSyn and Tau aggregate concentrations measured by sFIDA differentiate neurodegenerative disease diagnostic groups. Moreover, sFIDA-based Tau aggregate measurements might be particularly useful in distinguishing PSP from other parkinsonisms. Finally, our findings suggest that sFIDA can improve pre-clinical and clinical studies by identifying those individuals that will most likely respond to compounds designed to eliminate specific oligomers or to prevent their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Blömeke
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,attyloid GmbH, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marlene Pils
- attyloid GmbH, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Victoria Kraemer-Schulien
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dybala
- attyloid GmbH, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Schaffrath
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kulawik
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,attyloid GmbH, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Rehn
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anneliese Cousin
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Volker Nischwitz
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Analytics (ZEA-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rebecca Zack
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas F Tropea
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tuyen Bujnicki
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gültekin Tamgüney
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Centers, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliver Bannach
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,attyloid GmbH, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany. .,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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11
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Relation between Alpha-Synuclein and Core CSF Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2021; 57:medicina57090954. [PMID: 34577877 PMCID: PMC8469325 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, while Lewy body dementia (LBD) is characterized by α-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions. Some authors examine α-syn protein in the neurodegeneration process of AD and propose to consider cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-syn as a possible additional biomarker to the so-called "core" of AD. Objective: To determine whether there is a correlation between α-syn levels and "core" AD biomarkers in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Materials and methods: In total, 81 patients in the early stages of MCI were selected from the outpatient dementia consultation in Alicante General Hospital. Using a cross-sectional case-control design, patients were analyzed in four groups: stable MCI (MCIs; n = 25), MCI due to AD (MCI-AD; n = 32), MCI due to LBD (MCI-LBD; n = 24) and a control group of patients with acute or chronic headache (Ctrl; n = 18). Correlation between CSF protein levels in the different groups was assessed by the Rho Spearman test. Results: We found positive correlations between T-tau protein and α-syn (ρ = 0.418; p value < 0.05) and p-tau181p and α-syn (ρ = 0.571; p value < 0.05) exclusively in the MCI-AD group. Conclusion: The correlation found between α-syn and tau proteins in the first stages of AD support the involvement of α-syn in the pathogenesis of AD. This result may have clinical and diagnostic implications, as well as help to apply the new concept of "precision medicine" in patients with MCI.
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12
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Kayed R, Dettmer U, Lesné SE. Soluble endogenous oligomeric α-synuclein species in neurodegenerative diseases: Expression, spreading, and cross-talk. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 10:791-818. [PMID: 32508330 PMCID: PMC7458533 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-201965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is growing recognition in the field of neurodegenerative diseases that mixed proteinopathies are occurring at greater frequency than originally thought. This is particularly true for three amyloid proteins defining most of these neurological disorders, amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, and alpha-synuclein (αSyn). The co-existence and often co-localization of aggregated forms of these proteins has led to the emergence of concepts positing molecular interactions and cross-seeding between Aβ, tau, and αSyn aggregates. Amongst this trio, αSyn has received particular attention in this context during recent years due to its ability to modulate Aβ and tau aggregation in vivo, to interact at a molecular level with Aβ and tau in vivo and to cross-seed tau in mice. Here we provide a comprehensive, critical, and accessible review about the expression, role and nature of endogenous soluble αSyn oligomers because of recent developments in the understanding of αSyn multimerization, misfolding, aggregation, cross-talk, spreading and cross-seeding in neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. We will also discuss our current understanding about the relative toxicity of endogenous αSyn oligomers in vivo and in vitro, and introduce potential opportunities to counter their deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakez Kayed
- Departments of Neurology & Neuroscience & Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA,George and Cynthia Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain E. Lesné
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Correspondence to: Sylvain E. Lesné, PhD, University of Minnesota, Wallin Medical Biosciences Building (Room 4-114), 2101 Sixth Street SE, CDC 2641, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. Tel.: +1 612 626 8341; E-mail: ; Website: https://lesnelab.org
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13
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Alpha-synuclein Levels in the Differential Diagnosis of Lewy Bodies Dementia and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Meta-analysis. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2021; 34:220-224. [PMID: 32341240 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SUBJECTIVES Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most common type of neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD). It is characterized by the accumulation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites which are composed of aggregated phosphorylated alpha-synuclein, which is a presynaptic neuronal protein genetically and neuropathologically linked to Parkinson disease and to LBD. Alpha-synuclein is thought to contribute to LBD pathogenesis and to linked to disruption of cellular homeostasis and neuronal death, through effects on various intracellular targets, including synaptic function. METHODS In the present study, we did a meta-analysis on the reliability of alpha-synuclein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the discrimination between LBD and other neurodegenerative disorders including AD, Parkinson disease (PD) dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). RESULTS CSF alpha-synuclein levels were significantly different in LBD compared with AD, but no statistical difference was found between LBD, and dementia in PD, MSA, PSP, and FTD. CONCLUSION Alpha-synuclein levels in the CSF can be used for the discrimination between LBD and AD, but not LBD and other neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia in PD, MSA, FTD, and PSP.
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14
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Lv S, Zhou X, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Jia S, Niu X, Wang L, Peng D. The Association Between Plasma α-Synuclein (α-syn) Protein, Urinary Alzheimer-Associated Neuronal Thread Protein (AD7c-NTP), and Apolipoprotein Epsilon 4 (ApoE ε4) Alleles and Cognitive Decline in 60 Patients with Alzheimer's Disease Compared with 28 Age-Matched Normal Individuals. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932998. [PMID: 34312362 PMCID: PMC8325392 DOI: 10.12659/msm.932998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has shown that α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate the association between the levels of plasma α-syn protein, urinary Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP), apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (ApoE ɛ4) alleles and cognitive decline in 60 AD patients compared with 28 age-matched normal controls (NCs) at a single center. Material/Methods All participants underwent α-syn, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), AD7c-NTP, cholesterol (CHO), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TGs) analyses, neuropsychological scale assessments and neuroimaging analysis. Moreover, urine and peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants. The levels of plasma α-syn and AD7c-NTP were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Other test results were obtained from China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Results We found that plasma α-syn levels were significantly different between AD patients and NCs (p=0.045). α-Syn levels were also associated with AD7c-NTP (r=0.231, p=0.03) but not ApoE ɛ4 (Z=−0.147, p=0.883) levels. Neither α-syn [CHO (p=0.432), HDL (p=0.484), LDL (p=0.733) or TGs (p=0.253)] nor AD7c-NTP [CHO (p=0.867), HDL (p=0.13), LDL (p=0.57) or TGs (p=0.678)] had a relationship with lipids. Conclusions This study showed that the levels of plasma α-syn protein and urinary AD7c-NTP were significantly increased in AD patients compared with NCs, but not with ApoE alleles or serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lv
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shuhong Jia
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoqian Niu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
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15
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Kumar D, Sharma A, Sharma L. A Comprehensive Review of Alzheimer's Association with Related Proteins: Pathological Role and Therapeutic Significance. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:674-695. [PMID: 32172687 PMCID: PMC7536827 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200203101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's is an insidious, progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disease which causes the devastation of neurons. Alzheimer's possesses complex pathologies of heterogeneous nature counting proteins as one major factor along with enzymes and mutated genes. Proteins such as amyloid precursor protein (APP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), presenilin, mortalin, calbindin-D28K, creactive protein, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and prion protein are some of the chief elements in the foremost hypotheses of AD like amyloid-beta (Aβ) cascade hypothesis, tau hypothesis, cholinergic neuron damage, etc. Disturbed expression of these proteins results in synaptic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, memory loss, and neuronal degradation. On the therapeutic ground, attempts of developing anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory, anti-tau therapies are on peak, having APP and tau as putative targets. Some proteins, e.g., HSPs, which ameliorate oxidative stress, calpains, which help in regulating synaptic plasticity, and calmodulin-like skin protein (CLSP) with its neuroprotective role are few promising future targets for developing anti-AD therapies. On diagnostic grounds of AD C-reactive protein, pentraxins, collapsin response mediator protein-2, and growth-associated protein-43 represent the future of new possible biomarkers for diagnosing AD. The last few decades were concentrated over identifying and studying protein targets of AD. Here, we reviewed the physiological/pathological roles and therapeutic significance of nearly all the proteins associated with AD that addresses putative as well as probable targets for developing effective anti-AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., India
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16
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de Oliveira FF, Miraldo MC, de Castro-Neto EF, de Almeida SS, Matas SLDA, Bertolucci PHF, Naffah-Mazzacoratti MDG. Associations of Neuropsychiatric Features with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Amyloidogenesis and Neurodegeneration in Dementia with Lewy Bodies Compared with Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitively Healthy People. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1295-1309. [PMID: 33935098 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral features may reflect proteinopathies predicting pathophysiology in neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate associations of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of amyloidogenesis and neurodegeneration with neuropsychiatric features in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) compared with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitively healthy people. METHODS Consecutive outpatients with DLB were paired with outpatients with AD according to sex, dementia stage, and cognitive scores, and with cognitively healthy controls according to sex and age to investigate associations of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β (Aβ)42, Aβ40, Aβ38, total tau, phospho-tau Thr181, α-synuclein, ubiquitin, and neurofilament light with neuropsychiatric features according to APOEɛ4 carrier status. RESULTS Overall, 27 patients with DLB (78.48±9.0 years old, eleven APOEɛ4 carriers) were paired with 27 patients with AD (81.00±5.8 years old, twelve APOEɛ4 carriers) and 27 controls (78.48±8.7 years old, four APOEɛ4 carriers); two thirds were women. Behavioral burden was more intense in DLB. Biomarker ratios reflecting amyloidogenesis and neurodegeneration in DLB were more similar to those in AD when patients carried APOEɛ4 alleles. After corrections for false discovery rates, the following associations remained significant: in DLB, dysphoria was associated with tauopathy and indirect measures of amyloidogenesis, while in AD, agitation, and night-time behavior disturbances were associated with tauopathy, and delusions were associated with tauopathy and indirect measures of amyloidogenesis. CONCLUSION Biomarker ratios were superior to Aβ and tau biomarkers predicting neuropsychiatric symptoms when associations with isolated biomarkers were not significant. At the end, APOEɛ4 carrier status influenced amyloidogenesis and tau pathology in DLB and in AD, and axonal degeneration only in DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Ferreira de Oliveira
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Câmara Miraldo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferreira de Castro-Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandro Soares de Almeida
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandro Luiz de Andrade Matas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Winkel I, Ermann N, Żelwetro A, Sambor B, Mroczko B, Kornhuber J, Paradowski B, Lewczuk P. Cerebrospinal fluid α synuclein concentrations in patients with positive AD biomarkers and extrapyramidal symptoms. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:817-825. [PMID: 34036433 PMCID: PMC8205875 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EP) are not uncommon in Alzheimer's Disease (AD); when present, they negatively influence the course of the disorder. A large proportion of AD patients shows concomitant Lewy bodies' pathology post mortem. Total α Synuclein (αSyn) concentrations are frequently increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients, but are decreased in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). αSyn CSF concentrations in AD patients with EP (EP+) have not been reported so far. αSyn and the four Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics (NDD) CSF biomarkers, (Aβ1-42, Aβ42/40, Tau, and pTau181), interpreted according to the Erlangen Score algorithm, were measured in patients with positive NDD results and presence of extrapyramidal symptoms (NDD + / EP+; n = 26), in patients with positive NDD results and absence of extrapyramidal symptoms (NDD+ / EP-; n = 54), and in subjects with negative NDD results (NDD-; n = 34). Compared to the NDD- controls (379.8 ± 125.2 pg/mL), NDD+ patients showed, on average, highly significantly increased CSF αSyn (519 ± 141.3 pg/mL, p < 0.01), but without differences between NDD+ / EP+ and NDD+ / EP- subgroups (p = 0. 38). Moderate but highly significant association was observed between concentrations of αSyn and Tau (r = 0.47, p < 0.01) and pTau181 (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). Adjusted for diagnoses, age, and sex, subjects with more advanced neurodegeneration on neuroimaging showed significantly lower αSyn concentrations (p < 0.02). In the setting AD versus controls, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.804 [0.712; 0.896] with the sensitivity and the specificity of 0.863 and 0.618, respectively. αSyn in AD patients does not differentiate between subjects with- and without EP. Its increased average concentration reflects probably neurodegenerative process, and is not specific for any pathophysiologic mechanisms. Further studies are necessary to explain the role of CSF αSyn as a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Winkel
- Dementia Disorders Center of the Medical University of Wrocław, Ścinawa, Poland.,Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Medical University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natalia Ermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Żelwetro
- Interdyscyplinarne Studia Doktoranckie Uniwersytetu SWPS, II Wydział Psychologii, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.,Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland. .,Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Lee Y, Jeon S, Kang SW, Park M, Baik K, Yoo HS, Chung SJ, Jeong SH, Jung JH, Lee PH, Sohn YH, Evans AC, Ye BS. Interaction of CSF α-synuclein and amyloid beta in cognition and cortical atrophy. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12177. [PMID: 34046519 PMCID: PMC8140203 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lewy body-related pathology is commonly observed at autopsy in individuals with dementia, but in vivo biomarkers for α-synucleinopathy are lacking. METHODS Baseline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, polygenic risk score (PRS) for Parkinson's disease (PRS-PD) and Alzheimer's disease (PRS-AD), longitudinal cognitive scores, and magnetic resonance imaging were measured in 217 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Linear mixed models were used to find the relationship of CSF biomarkers and the PRS with cognition and cortical atrophy. RESULTS Higher PRS-PD and PRS-AD were associated with lower CSF α-synuclein and amyloid beta (Aβ), respectively. Lower CSF α-synuclein and the interaction of CSF α-synuclein and Aβ were associated with lower cognitive scores and global cortical atrophy most prominently in the occipital cortex. DISCUSSION Lower CSF α-synuclein could be a biomarker for α-synucleinopathy, and the simultaneous evaluation of CSF biomarkers for AD and CSF α-synuclein could reveal the independent and interactive effects on cognition and cortical atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young‐gun Lee
- Department of NeurologyInje University Busan Paik HospitalBusanKorea
| | - Seun Jeon
- Department of NeurologyInje University Busan Paik HospitalBusanKorea
| | - Sung Woo Kang
- Department of NeurologyInje University Busan Paik HospitalBusanKorea
| | - Mincheol Park
- Department of NeurologyInje University Busan Paik HospitalBusanKorea
| | - Kyoungwon Baik
- Department of NeurologyInje University Busan Paik HospitalBusanKorea
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of NeurologyInje University Busan Paik HospitalBusanKorea
| | - Seok Jong Chung
- Department of NeurologyInje University Busan Paik HospitalBusanKorea
| | - Seong Ho Jeong
- Department of NeurologyInje University Busan Paik HospitalBusanKorea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Department of NeurologyInje University Busan Paik HospitalBusanKorea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of NeurologyInje University Busan Paik HospitalBusanKorea
| | - Young Ho Sohn
- Department of NeurologyInje University Busan Paik HospitalBusanKorea
| | - Alan C. Evans
- Brain Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of NeurologyInje University Busan Paik HospitalBusanKorea
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19
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Maqbool M, Gadhavi J, Singh A, Hivare P, Gupta S, Hoda N. Unravelling the potency of triazole analogues for inhibiting α-synuclein fibrillogenesis and in vitro disaggregation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1589-1603. [PMID: 33527970 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02226h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of triazole-based compounds was synthesized using a click chemistry approach and evaluated for the inhibition of α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrillogenesis and its disaggregation. Compounds Tr3, Tr7, Tr12, Tr15, and Tr16 exhibited good effect in inhibiting α-syn fibrillogenesis confirmed by Thioflavin-T assay and fluorescence microscopy and α-syn disaggregation confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Molecular docking was used to understand the plausible mechanism of the test compounds for inhibiting the α-syn fibrillogenesis and to verify the in vitro results. Compounds Tr3, Tr7, Tr12, Tr15 and Tr16 showed good binding interactions with the essential amino acid residues of α-syn. The compounds which were found to be good inhibitors or disaggregators had no toxic effects on the SH-SY5Y cell line. These compounds have the potential to be developed as therapeutic interventions against synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Maqbool
- Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India.
| | - Joshna Gadhavi
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Anju Singh
- Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India.
| | - Pravin Hivare
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India.
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20
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McGrowder DA, Miller F, Vaz K, Nwokocha C, Wilson-Clarke C, Anderson-Cross M, Brown J, Anderson-Jackson L, Williams L, Latore L, Thompson R, Alexander-Lindo R. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Brain Sci 2021; 11:215. [PMID: 33578866 PMCID: PMC7916561 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, clinically heterogeneous, and particularly complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by a decline in cognition. Over the last two decades, there has been significant growth in the investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. This review presents current evidence from many clinical neurochemical studies, with findings that attest to the efficacy of existing core CSF biomarkers such as total tau, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid-β (Aβ42), which diagnose Alzheimer's disease in the early and dementia stages of the disorder. The heterogeneity of the pathophysiology of the late-onset disease warrants the growth of the Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarker toolbox; more biomarkers showing other aspects of the disease mechanism are needed. This review focuses on new biomarkers that track Alzheimer's disease pathology, such as those that assess neuronal injury (VILIP-1 and neurofilament light), neuroinflammation (sTREM2, YKL-40, osteopontin, GFAP, progranulin, and MCP-1), synaptic dysfunction (SNAP-25 and GAP-43), vascular dysregulation (hFABP), as well as CSF α-synuclein levels and TDP-43 pathology. Some of these biomarkers are promising candidates as they are specific and predict future rates of cognitive decline. Findings from the combinations of subclasses of new Alzheimer's disease biomarkers that improve their diagnostic efficacy in detecting associated pathological changes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan A. McGrowder
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (J.B.); (L.A.-J.); (L.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Fabian Miller
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Mico University College, 1A Marescaux Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica;
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Kurt Vaz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (J.B.); (L.A.-J.); (L.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Chukwuemeka Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (C.N.); (C.W.-C.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Cameil Wilson-Clarke
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (C.N.); (C.W.-C.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Melisa Anderson-Cross
- School of Allied Health and Wellness, College of Health Sciences, University of Technology, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Jabari Brown
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (J.B.); (L.A.-J.); (L.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Lennox Anderson-Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (J.B.); (L.A.-J.); (L.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Lowen Williams
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Lyndon Latore
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (J.B.); (L.A.-J.); (L.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Rory Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (J.B.); (L.A.-J.); (L.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Ruby Alexander-Lindo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (C.N.); (C.W.-C.); (R.A.-L.)
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21
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Compta Y, Revesz T. Neuropathological and Biomarker Findings in Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: From Protein Aggregates to Synaptic Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:107-121. [PMID: 33325398 PMCID: PMC7990431 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) share neuropathological hallmarks, while similar types of biomarkers are being applied to both. In this review we aimed to explore similarities and differences between PD and AD at both the neuropathology and the biomarker levels, specifically focusing on protein aggregates and synapse dysfunction. Thus, amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau lesions of the Alzheimer-type are common in PD and α-synuclein Lewy-type aggregates are frequent findings in AD. Modern neuropathological techniques adding to routine immunohistochemistry might take further our knowledge of these diseases beyond protein aggregates and down to their presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals, with potential mechanistic and even future therapeutic implications. Translation of neuropathological discoveries to the clinic remains challenging. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) markers of Aβ and tau have been shown to be reliable for AD diagnosis. Conversely, CSF markers of α-synuclein have not been that consistent. In terms of PET markers, there is no PET probe available for α-synuclein yet, while the AD PET markers range from consistent evidence of their specificity (amyloid imaging) to greater uncertainty of their reliability due to off-target binding (tau imaging). CSF synaptic markers are attractive, still needing more evidence, which currently suggests those might be non-specific markers of disease progression. It can be summarized that there is neuropathological evidence that protein aggregates of AD and PD are present both at the soma and the synapse. Thus, a number of CSF and PET biomarkers beyond α-synuclein, tau and Aβ might capture these different faces of protein-related neurodegeneration. It remains to be seen what the longitudinal outcomes and the potential value as surrogate markers of these biomarkers are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslau Compta
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic / IDIBAPS / CIBERNED, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Maextu's excellence center, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK.,Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
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22
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Li JQ, Bi YL, Shen XN, Wang HF, Xu W, Tan CC, Dong Q, Wang YJ, Tan L, Yu JT. Cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein predicts neurodegeneration and clinical progression in non-demented elders. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:41. [PMID: 33228804 PMCID: PMC7685645 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating reports have suggested that α-synuclein is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein has been suggested as a potential biomarker of AD, this study was set out to test whether CSF α-synuclein is associated with other AD biomarkers and could predict neurodegeneration and clinical progression in non-demented elders. Methods The associations between CSF α-synuclein and other AD biomarkers were investigated at baseline in non-demented Chinese elders. The predictive values of CSF α-synuclein for longitudinal neuroimaging change and the conversion risk of non-demented elders were assessed using linear mixed effects models and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, respectively, in the Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Results The CSF α-synuclein levels correlated with AD-specific biomarkers, CSF total tau and phosphorylated tau levels, in 651 Chinese Han participants (training set). These positive correlations were replicated in the ADNI database (validation set). Using a longitudinal cohort from ADNI, the CSF α-synuclein concentrations were found to increase with disease severity. The CSF α-synuclein had high diagnostic accuracy for AD based on the “ATN” (amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration) system (A + T+ versus A − T − control) (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.84). Moreover, CSF α-synuclein predicted longitudinal hippocampus atrophy and conversion from MCI to AD dementia. Conclusions CSF α-synuclein is associated with CSF tau levels and could predict neurodegeneration and clinical progression in non-demented elders. This finding indicates that CSF α-synuclein is a potentially useful early biomarker for AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40035-020-00222-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qiong Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yan-Lin Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, China.
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23
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Chronic stepwise cerebral hypoperfusion differentially induces synaptic proteome changes in the frontal cortex, occipital cortex, and hippocampus in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15999. [PMID: 32994510 PMCID: PMC7524772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), the cerebral blood flow gradually decreases, leading to cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative disorders, such as vascular dementia. The reduced oxygenation, energy supply induced metabolic changes, and insufficient neuroplasticity could be reflected in the synaptic proteome. We performed stepwise bilateral common carotid occlusions on rats and studied the synaptic proteome changes of the hippocampus, occipital and frontal cortices. Samples were prepared and separated by 2-D DIGE and significantly altered protein spots were identified by HPLC–MS/MS. We revealed an outstanding amount of protein changes in the occipital cortex compared to the frontal cortex and the hippocampus with 94, 33, and 17 proteins, respectively. The high alterations in the occipital cortex are probably due to the hypoxia-induced retrograde degeneration of the primary visual cortex, which was demonstrated by electrophysiological experiments. Altered proteins have functions related to cytoskeletal organization and energy metabolism. As CCH could also be an important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we investigated whether our altered proteins overlap with AD protein databases. We revealed a significant amount of altered proteins associated with AD in the two neocortical areas, suggesting a prominent overlap with the AD pathomechanism.
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24
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Shim KH, Kang MJ, Suh JW, Pyun JM, Ryoo N, Park YH, Youn YC, Jang JW, Jeong JH, Park KW, Choi SH, Suk K, Lee HW, Ko PW, Lee CN, Lim TS, An SSA, Kim S. CSF total tau/α-synuclein ratio improved the diagnostic performance for Alzheimer's disease as an indicator of tau phosphorylation. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:83. [PMID: 32660565 PMCID: PMC7359621 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Recently, several studies suggested potential involvements of α-synuclein in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology. Higher concentrations of α-synuclein were reported in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients with a positive correlation towards CSF tau, indicating its possible role in AD. We analyzed the CSF biomarkers to verify whether α-synuclein could be an additional supported biomarker in AD diagnosis. Methods In this cross-sectional study, CSF samples of 71 early-onset AD, 34 late-onset AD, 11 mild cognitive impairment, 17 subjective cognitive decline, 45 Parkinson’s disease, and 32 healthy control (HC) were collected. CSF amyloid-β1-42 (A), total tau (N), and phosphorylated tau181 (T) were measured by commercial ELISA kits, and in-house ELISA kit was developed to quantify α-synuclein. The cognitive assessments and amyloid-PET imaging were also performed. Results CSF α-synuclein manifested a tendency to increase in AD and to decreased in Parkinson’s disease compared to HC. The equilibrium states of total tau and α-synuclein concentrations were changed significantly in AD, and the ratio of total tau/α-synuclein (N/αS) was dramatically increased in AD than HC. Remarkably, N/αS revealed a strong positive correlation with tau phosphorylation rate. Also, the combination of N/αS with amyloid-β1-42/phosphorylated tau181 ratio had the best diagnosis performance (AUC = 0.956, sensitivity = 96%, specificity = 87%). In concordance analysis, N/αS showed the higher diagnostic agreement with amyloid-β1-42 and amyloid-PET. Analysis of biomarker profiling with N/αS had distinctive characteristics and clustering of each group. Especially, among the group of suspected non-Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology, all A−T+N+ patients with N/αS+ were reintegrated into AD. Conclusions The high correlation of α-synuclein with tau and the elevated N/αS in AD supported the involvement of α-synuclein in AD pathophysiology. Importantly, N/αS improved the diagnostic performance, confirming the needs of incorporating α-synuclein as a biomarker for neurodegenerative disorders. The incorporation of a biomarker group [N/αS] could contribute to provide better understanding and diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Shim
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kang
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Won Suh
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Pyun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Ryoo
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chouncheon, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong HospitalEwha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University College of Medicine and Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Pan-Woo Ko
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Nyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Lim
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Lewczuk P, Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko P, Kornhuber J. Clinical significance of fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:528-542. [PMID: 32385624 PMCID: PMC7329803 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other types of dementia disorders has drastically increased over the last decades. AD is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting about 14 million patients in Europe and the United States. The hallmarks of this disease are neurotic plaques consist of the Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein (pTau). Currently, four CSF biomarkers: Amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), Aβ42/40 ratio, Tau protein, and Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (pTau181) have been indicated as core neurochemical AD biomarkers. However, the identification of additional fluid biomarkers, useful in the prognosis, risk stratification, and monitoring of drug response is sorely needed to better understand the complex heterogeneity of AD pathology as well as to improve diagnosis of patients with the disease. Several novel biomarkers have been extensively investigated, and their utility must be proved and eventually integrated into guidelines for use in clinical practice. This paper presents the research and development of CSF and blood biomarkers for AD as well as their potential clinical significance. Upper panel: Aβ peptides are released from transmembrane Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) under physiological conditions (blue arrow). In AD, however, pathologic accumulation of Aβ monomers leads to their accumulation in plaques (red arrow). This is reflected in decreased concentration of Aβ1-42 and decreased Aβ42/40 concentration ratio in the CSF. Lower panel: Phosphorylated Tau molecules maintain axonal structures; hyperphosphorylation of Tau (red arrow) in AD leads to degeneration of axons, and release of pTau molecules, which then accumulate in neurofibrillary tangles. This process is reflected by increased concentrations of Tau and pTau in the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewczuk
- Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Mroczko
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Mavroudis I, Petridis F, Kazis D. Cerebrospinal Fluid, Imaging, and Physiological Biomarkers in Dementia With Lewy Bodies. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2019; 34:421-432. [PMID: 31422676 PMCID: PMC10653361 DOI: 10.1177/1533317519869700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, clinically characterized by gradual cognitive impairment and fluctuating cognition, behavioral changes and recurrent visual hallucinations, and autonomic function and movement symptoms in the type of parkinsonism. It is the second most common type of dementia in the Western world after Alzheimer disease. Over the last 20 years, many neurophysiological, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have been described toward a better discrimination between dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer disease, and other neurodegenerative conditions.In the present review, we aim to describe the neurophysiological, imaging, and CSF biomarkers in dementia with Lewy bodies and to question whether they could be reliable tools for the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mavroudis
- Department of Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Foivos Petridis
- Third Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kazis
- Third Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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27
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García‐Ayllón M, Monge‐Argilés J, Monge‐García V, Navarrete F, Cortés‐Gómez M, Sánchez‐Payá J, Manzanares J, Gasparini‐Berenguer R, Leiva‐Santana C, Sáez‐Valero J. Measurement of CSF α‐synuclein improves early differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2019; 150:218-230. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María‐Salud García‐Ayllón
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO Elche Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández‐CSIC Sant Joan d’Alacant Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Sant Joan d’Alacant Spain
| | - José‐Antonio Monge‐Argilés
- Neurology Department University General Hospital of Alicante Alicante Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL) Alicante Spain
| | | | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández‐CSIC Sant Joan d’Alacant Spain
| | - Maria‐Angeles Cortés‐Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO Elche Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández‐CSIC Sant Joan d’Alacant Spain
| | - José Sánchez‐Payá
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL) Alicante Spain
- Preventive Medicine Service University General Hospital of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández‐CSIC Sant Joan d’Alacant Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Sáez‐Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández‐CSIC Sant Joan d’Alacant Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Sant Joan d’Alacant Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL) Alicante Spain
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28
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Twohig D, Nielsen HM. α-synuclein in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:23. [PMID: 31186026 PMCID: PMC6558879 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Alzheimer’s disease (AD) afflicted brain is neuropathologically defined by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the presynaptic protein α-synuclein (αSyn), mainly associated with synucleinopathies like Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), is involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Lewy-related pathology (LRP), primarily comprised of αSyn, is present in a majority of autopsied AD brains, and higher levels of αSyn in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD have been linked to cognitive decline. Recent studies also suggest that the asymptomatic accumulation of Aβ plaques is associated with higher CSF αSyn levels in subjects at risk of sporadic AD and in individuals carrying autosomal dominant AD mutations. Experimental evidence has further linked αSyn mainly to tau hyperphosphorylation, but also to the pathological actions of Aβ and the APOEε4 allele, the latter being a major genetic risk factor for both AD and DLB. In this review, we provide a summary of the current evidence proposing an involvement of αSyn either as an active or passive player in the pathophysiological ensemble of AD, and furthermore describe in detail the current knowledge of αSyn structure and inferred function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Twohig
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16B, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrietta M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16B, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Markopoulou K, Compta Y. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of alpha-synuclein in PARKINSON'S disease: Another long and winding road. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 49:1-3. [PMID: 29548634 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Markopoulou
- Movement Disorders Section, Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Chicago, Evanston, USA; University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, ICN, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Physiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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30
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Bjerke M, Engelborghs S. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Early and Differential Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1199-1209. [PMID: 29562530 PMCID: PMC5870045 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is important to select optimal patient care and is critical in current clinical trials targeting core AD neuropathological features. The past decades, much progress has been made in the development and validation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the biochemical diagnosis of AD, including standardization and harmonization of (pre-) analytical procedures. This has resulted in three core CSF biomarkers for AD diagnostics, namely the 42 amino acid long amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ1-42), total tau protein (T-tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau181). These biomarkers have been incorporated into research diagnostic criteria for AD and have an added value in the (differential) diagnosis of AD and related disorders, including mixed pathologies, atypical presentations, and in case of ambiguous clinical dementia diagnoses. The implementation of the CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in the core biomarker panel will improve the biomarker analytical variability, and will also improve early and differential AD diagnosis through a more accurate reflection of pathology. Numerous biomarkers are being investigated for their added value to the core AD biomarkers, aiming at the AD core pathological features like the amyloid mismetabolism, tau pathology, or synaptic or neuronal degeneration. Others aim at non-AD neurodegenerative, vascular or inflammatory hallmarks. Biomarkers are essential for an accurate identification of preclinical AD in the context of clinical trials with potentially disease-modifying drugs. Therefore, a biomarker-based early diagnosis of AD offers great opportunities for preventive treatment development in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
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31
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Bhattacharjee P, Öhrfelt A, Lashley T, Blennow K, Brinkmalm A, Zetterberg H. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Lewy Body-Enriched α-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2109-2120. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Payel Bhattacharjee
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Annika Öhrfelt
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
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32
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Potential Diagnostic Value of Red Blood Cells α-Synuclein Heteroaggregates in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6451-6459. [PMID: 30826968 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of complex misfolded protein combinations have been found in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains besides the classical pathological hallmarks. Recently, α-synuclein (α-syn) and its heterocomplexes with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiological processes of neurodegenerative diseases. These pathological features are not limited to the brain, but can be also found in peripheral fluids. In this respect, red blood cells (RBCs) have been suggested as a good model to investigate the biochemical alterations of neurodegeneration. Our aim is to find whether RBC concentrations of α-syn and its heterocomplexes (i.e., α-syn/Aβ and α-syn/tau) were different in AD patients compared with healthy controls (HC). The levels of homo- and heteroaggregates of α-syn, Aβ and tau, were analyzed in a cohort of AD patients at early stage either with dementia or prodromal symptoms (N = 39) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 39). All AD patients received a biomarker-based diagnosis (low cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ peptide combined with high cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of total tau and/or phospho-tau proteins; alternatively, a positivity to cerebral amyloid-PET scan). Our results showed lower concentrations of α-syn and its heterocomplexes (i.e., α-syn/Aβ and α-syn/tau) in RBCs of AD patients with respect to HC. RBC α-syn/Aβ as well as RBC α-syn/tau heterodimers discriminated AD participants from HC with fair accuracy, whereas RBC α-syn concentrations differentiated poorly the two groups. Although additional investigations are required, these data suggest α-syn heteroaggregates in RBCs as potential tool in the diagnostic work-up of early AD diagnosis.
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33
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Viodé A, Epelbaum S, Benyounes I, Verny M, Dubois B, Junot C, Fenaille F, Lamari F, Becher F. Simultaneous quantification of tau and α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid by high-resolution mass spectrometry for differentiation of Lewy Body Dementia from Alzheimer's Disease and controls. Analyst 2019; 144:6342-6351. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00751b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel mass spectrometry assay offers simultaneous quantification of CSF α-synuclein and tau and has potential diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Viodé
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI)
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM)
- CEA
- INRA
- Université Paris Saclay
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institut de la Mémoire et de Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A)
- Département de Neurologie
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix
- Paris
- France
| | - Imen Benyounes
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix
- Paris
- France
| | - Marc Verny
- Service de Gériatrie
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix
- Paris
- France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A)
- Département de Neurologie
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix
- Paris
- France
| | - Christophe Junot
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI)
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM)
- CEA
- INRA
- Université Paris Saclay
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI)
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM)
- CEA
- INRA
- Université Paris Saclay
| | - Foudil Lamari
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix
- Paris
- France
| | - François Becher
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI)
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM)
- CEA
- INRA
- Université Paris Saclay
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34
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Brinkmalm A, Öhrfelt A, Bhattacharjee P, Zetterberg H. Detection of α-Synuclein in Biological Samples Using Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1948:209-220. [PMID: 30771180 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9124-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe a method using mass spectrometry to characterize and quantify immuno-enriched α-synuclein forms from biochemically fractionated brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Annika Öhrfelt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Payel Bhattacharjee
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.
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35
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Molinuevo JL, Ayton S, Batrla R, Bednar MM, Bittner T, Cummings J, Fagan AM, Hampel H, Mielke MM, Mikulskis A, O'Bryant S, Scheltens P, Sevigny J, Shaw LM, Soares HD, Tong G, Trojanowski JQ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Current state of Alzheimer's fluid biomarkers. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:821-853. [PMID: 30488277 PMCID: PMC6280827 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology. The number of people living with AD is predicted to increase; however, there are no disease-modifying therapies currently available and none have been successful in late-stage clinical trials. Fluid biomarkers measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood hold promise for enabling more effective drug development and establishing a more personalized medicine approach for AD diagnosis and treatment. Biomarkers used in drug development programmes should be qualified for a specific context of use (COU). These COUs include, but are not limited to, subject/patient selection, assessment of disease state and/or prognosis, assessment of mechanism of action, dose optimization, drug response monitoring, efficacy maximization, and toxicity/adverse reactions identification and minimization. The core AD CSF biomarkers Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau are recognized by research guidelines for their diagnostic utility and are being considered for qualification for subject selection in clinical trials. However, there is a need to better understand their potential for other COUs, as well as identify additional fluid biomarkers reflecting other aspects of AD pathophysiology. Several novel fluid biomarkers have been proposed, but their role in AD pathology and their use as AD biomarkers have yet to be validated. In this review, we summarize some of the pathological mechanisms implicated in the sporadic AD and highlight the data for several established and novel fluid biomarkers (including BACE1, TREM2, YKL-40, IP-10, neurogranin, SNAP-25, synaptotagmin, α-synuclein, TDP-43, ferritin, VILIP-1, and NF-L) associated with each mechanism. We discuss the potential COUs for each biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Molinuevo
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Fundació Pasqual Maragall, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad de Alzheimer y otros trastornos cognitivos, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Batrla
- Roche Centralised and Point of Care Solutions, Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Martin M Bednar
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Centre Americas Ltd, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Bittner
- Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund and Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, GRC No 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Departments of Epidemiology and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Sid O'Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience; Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Sevigny
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holly D Soares
- Clinical Development Neurology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Campus, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Campus, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
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36
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van Steenoven I, Majbour NK, Vaikath NN, Berendse HW, van der Flier WM, van de Berg WDJ, Teunissen CE, Lemstra AW, El-Agnaf OMA. α-Synuclein species as potential cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for dementia with lewy bodies. Mov Disord 2018; 33:1724-1733. [PMID: 30440090 PMCID: PMC6519232 DOI: 10.1002/mds.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the discriminating value of a range of CSF α‐synuclein species for dementia with Lewy bodies compared with Alzheimer's disease, PD, and cognitively normal controls. Methods: We applied our recently published enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays to measure the CSF levels of total α‐synuclein, oligomeric α‐synuclein, and phosphorylated α‐synuclein in dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 42), Alzheimer's disease (n = 39), PD (n = 46), and controls (n = 78). General linear models corrected for age and sex were performed to assess differences in α‐synuclein levels between groups. We used backward‐elimination logistic regression analysis to investigate the combined discriminating value of the different CSF α‐synuclein species and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Results: CSF levels of total α‐synuclein were lower in dementia with Lewy bodies and PD compared with Alzheimer's disease as well as controls (P < 0.001). In contrast, CSF levels of oligomeric α‐synuclein were higher in dementia with Lewy bodies and PD compared with Alzheimer's disease (P < 0.05) and controls (P < 0.001). No group differences were found for phosphorylated α‐synuclein. In dementia with Lewy bodies and PD, CSF total α‐synuclein levels positively correlated with tau and phosphorylated tau (both r > 0.40, P < 0.01), but not with amyloid‐β1‐42. The optimal combination to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from controls consisted of amyloid‐β1‐42, tau, total α‐synuclein, oligomeric α‐synuclein, age, and sex (AUC, 0.90). To differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease, the combination of tau and oligomeric α‐synuclein resulted in an AUC of 0.83. CSF α‐synuclein species do not contribute to the differentiation of dementia with Lewy bodies from PD. Conclusions: CSF α‐synuclein species could be useful as part of a biomarker panel for dementia with Lewy bodies. Evaluating both oligomeric α‐synuclein and total α‐synuclein in CSF helps in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger van Steenoven
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nour K Majbour
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nishant N Vaikath
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Henk W Berendse
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, section Clinical Neuroanatomy, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Afina W Lemstra
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Life Sciences Division, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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37
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Mollenhauer B, Bowman FD, Drake D, Duong J, Blennow K, El-Agnaf O, Shaw LM, Masucci J, Taylor P, Umek RM, Dunty JM, Smith CL, Stoops E, Vanderstichele H, Schmid AW, Moniatte M, Zhang J, Kruse N, Lashuel HA, Teunissen C, Schubert T, Dave KD, Hutten SJ, Zetterberg H. Antibody-based methods for the measurement of α-synuclein concentration in human cerebrospinal fluid - method comparison and round robin study. J Neurochem 2018; 149:126-138. [PMID: 30125936 PMCID: PMC6587944 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
α‐Synuclein is the major component of Lewy bodies and a candidate biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases in which Lewy bodies are common, including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. A large body of literature suggests that these disorders are characterized by reduced concentrations of α‐synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with overlapping concentrations compared to healthy controls and variability across studies. Several reasons can account for this variability, including technical ones, such as inter‐assay and inter‐laboratory variation (reproducibility). We compared four immunochemical methods for the quantification of α‐synuclein concentration in 50 unique CSF samples. All methods were designed to capture most of the existing α‐synuclein forms in CSF (‘total’ α‐synuclein). Each of the four methods showed high analytical precision, excellent correlation between laboratories (R2 0.83–0.99), and good correlation with each other (R2 0.64–0.93), although the slopes of the regression lines were different between the four immunoassays. The use of common reference CSF samples decreased the differences in α‐synuclein concentration between detection methods and technologies. Pilot data on an immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry (IP‐MS) method is also presented. Our results suggest that the four immunochemical methods and the IP‐MS method measure similar forms of α‐synuclein and that a common reference material would allow harmonization of results between immunoassays. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frederick DuBois Bowman
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Drake
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jimmy Duong
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), and College of Science and Engineering, HBKU, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian W Schmid
- Proteomics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Moniatte
- Proteomics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jing Zhang
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Niels Kruse
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Kuldip D Dave
- Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Samantha J Hutten
- Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queens Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
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Brinkmalm A, Portelius E, Brinkmalm G, Pannee J, Dahlén R, Gobom J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Fluid-based proteomics targeted on pathophysiological processes and pathologies in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurochem 2018; 151:417-434. [PMID: 30238462 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative dementias constitute a broad group of diseases in which abnormally folded proteins accumulate in specific brain regions and result in tissue reactions that eventually cause neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Depending on where in the brain this happens, symptoms appear which may be used to classify the disorders on clinical grounds. However, brain changes in neurodegenerative dementias start to accumulate many years prior to symptom onset and there is a poor correlation between the clinical picture and what pathology that is the most likely to cause it. Thus, novel drug candidates having disease-modifying effects that is targeting the underlying pathology and changes the course of the disease needs to be defined using objective biomarker-based measures since the clinical symptoms are often non-specific and overlap between different disorders. Furthermore, the treatment should ideally be initiated as soon as symptoms are evident or when biomarkers confirm an underlying pathology (pre-clinical phase of the disease) to reduce irreversible damage to, for example, neurons, synapses and axons. Clinical trials in the pre-clinical phase bring a greater importance to biomarkers since by definition the clinical effects are difficult or slow to discern in a population that is not yet clinically affected. Here, we discuss neuropathological changes that may underlie neurodegenerative dementias, including how they can be detected and quantified using currently available biofluid-based biomarkers and how more of them could be identified using targeted proteomics approaches. This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Josef Pannee
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rahil Dahlén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
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Vergallo A, Bun RS, Toschi N, Baldacci F, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Cavedo E, Lamari F, Habert MO, Dubois B, Floris R, Garaci F, Lista S, Hampel H. Association of cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein with total and phospho-tau 181 protein concentrations and brain amyloid load in cognitively normal subjective memory complainers stratified by Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1623-1631. [PMID: 30055132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several neurodegenerative brain proteinopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are associated with cerebral deposition of insoluble aggregates of α-synuclein. Previous studies reported a trend toward increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein (α-syn) concentrations in AD compared with other neurodegenerative diseases and healthy controls. METHODS The pathophysiological role of CSF α-syn in asymptomatic subjects at risk of AD has not been explored. We performed a large-scale cross-sectional observational monocentric study of preclinical individuals at risk for AD (INSIGHT-preAD). RESULTS We found a positive association between CSF α-syn concentrations and brain β-amyloid deposition measures as mean cortical standard uptake value ratios. We demonstrate positive correlations between CSF α-syn and both CSF t-tau and p-tau181 concentrations. DISCUSSION Animal models presented evidence, indicating that α-syn may synergistically and directly induce fibrillization of both tau and β-amyloid. Our data indicate an association of CSF α-syn with AD-related pathophysiological mechanisms, during the preclinical phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vergallo
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France.
| | - René-Sosata Bun
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Department of Radiology, "Athinoula A. Martinos" Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Foudil Lamari
- AP-HP, UF Biochimie des Maladies Neuro-métaboliques, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France; Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images (www.cati-neuroimaging.com), France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Floris
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Casa di Cura "San Raffaele Cassino", Cassino, Italy
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
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Zetterberg H, Blennow K. From Cerebrospinal Fluid to Blood: The Third Wave of Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:S271-S279. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-179926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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Lewczuk P, Riederer P, O’Bryant SE, Verbeek MM, Dubois B, Visser PJ, Jellinger KA, Engelborghs S, Ramirez A, Parnetti L, Jack CR, Teunissen CE, Hampel H, Lleó A, Jessen F, Glodzik L, de Leon MJ, Fagan AM, Molinuevo JL, Jansen WJ, Winblad B, Shaw LM, Andreasson U, Otto M, Mollenhauer B, Wiltfang J, Turner MR, Zerr I, Handels R, Thompson AG, Johansson G, Ermann N, Trojanowski JQ, Karaca I, Wagner H, Oeckl P, van Waalwijk van Doorn L, Bjerke M, Kapogiannis D, Kuiperij HB, Farotti L, Li Y, Gordon BA, Epelbaum S, Vos SJB, Klijn CJM, Van Nostrand WE, Minguillon C, Schmitz M, Gallo C, Mato AL, Thibaut F, Lista S, Alcolea D, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Kornhuber J, Riederer P, Gallo C, Kapogiannis D, Mato AL, Thibaut F. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers for neurodegenerative dementias: An update of the Consensus of the Task Force on Biological Markers in Psychiatry of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:244-328. [PMID: 29076399 PMCID: PMC5916324 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1375556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the 12 years since the publication of the first Consensus Paper of the WFSBP on biomarkers of neurodegenerative dementias, enormous advancement has taken place in the field, and the Task Force takes now the opportunity to extend and update the original paper. New concepts of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the conceptual interactions between AD and dementia due to AD were developed, resulting in two sets for diagnostic/research criteria. Procedures for pre-analytical sample handling, biobanking, analyses and post-analytical interpretation of the results were intensively studied and optimised. A global quality control project was introduced to evaluate and monitor the inter-centre variability in measurements with the goal of harmonisation of results. Contexts of use and how to approach candidate biomarkers in biological specimens other than cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), e.g. blood, were precisely defined. Important development was achieved in neuroimaging techniques, including studies comparing amyloid-β positron emission tomography results to fluid-based modalities. Similarly, development in research laboratory technologies, such as ultra-sensitive methods, raises our hopes to further improve analytical and diagnostic accuracy of classic and novel candidate biomarkers. Synergistically, advancement in clinical trials of anti-dementia therapies energises and motivates the efforts to find and optimise the most reliable early diagnostic modalities. Finally, the first studies were published addressing the potential of cost-effectiveness of the biomarkers-based diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, and Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sid E. O’Bryant
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Marcel M. Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Salpêtrièrie Hospital, INSERM UMR-S 975 (ICM), Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mony J. de Leon
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Willemijn J. Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel and University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- iBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martin R. Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inga Zerr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Dementia Centre, Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ron Handels
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Gunilla Johansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilker Karaca
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda van Waalwijk van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H. Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Farotti
- Section of Neurology, Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Yi Li
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian A. Gordon
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Salpêtrièrie Hospital, INSERM UMR-S 975 (ICM), Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie J. B. Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J. M. Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Dementia Centre, Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carla Gallo
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares/Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrea Lopez Mato
- Chair of Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florence Thibaut
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cochin-Site Tarnier 89 rue d’Assas, INSERM 894, Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Gauthier S, Zhang H, Ng KP, Pascoal T, Rosa-Neto P. Impact of the biological definition of Alzheimer's disease using amyloid, tau and neurodegeneration (ATN): what about the role of vascular changes, inflammation, Lewy body pathology? Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:12. [PMID: 29876101 PMCID: PMC5977549 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NIA-AA research framework proposes a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease, where asymptomatic persons with amyloid deposition would be considered as having this disease prior to symptoms. DISCUSSION Notwithstanding the fact that amyloid deposition in isolation is not associated with dementia, even the combined association of amyloid and tau pathology does not inevitably need to dementia over age 65. Other pathological factors may play a leading or an accelerating role in age-associated cognitive decline, including vascular small vessel disease, neuroinflammation and Lewy Body pathology. CONCLUSION Research should aim at understanding the interaction between all these factors, rather than focusing on them individually. Hopefully this will lead to a personalized approach to the prevention of brain aging, based on individual biological, genetic and cognitive profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gauthier
- McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - H. Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - K. P. Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T.A. Pascoal
- McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - P. Rosa-Neto
- McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
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Lashley T, Schott JM, Weston P, Murray CE, Wellington H, Keshavan A, Foti SC, Foiani M, Toombs J, Rohrer JD, Heslegrave A, Zetterberg H. Molecular biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: progress and prospects. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/5/dmm031781. [PMID: 29739861 PMCID: PMC5992610 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease is characterised by the formation of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain parenchyma, which cause synapse and neuronal loss. This leads to clinical symptoms, such as progressive memory deficits. Clinically, these pathological changes can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and with brain imaging, although reliable blood tests for plaque and tangle pathologies remain to be developed. Plaques and tangles often co-exist with other brain pathologies, including aggregates of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 and Lewy bodies, but the extent to which these contribute to the severity of Alzheimer's disease is currently unknown. In this 'At a glance' article and poster, we summarise the molecular biomarkers that are being developed to detect Alzheimer's disease and its related pathologies. We also highlight the biomarkers that are currently in clinical use and include a critical appraisal of the challenges associated with applying these biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes of Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders, also in their prodromal clinical phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Philip Weston
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Christina E Murray
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henny Wellington
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ashvini Keshavan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sandrine C Foti
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Martha Foiani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jamie Toombs
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK .,UK Dementia Research Institute, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal S-431 80, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal S-431 80, Sweden
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Yoshino Y, Mori T, Yoshida T, Yamazaki K, Ozaki Y, Sao T, Funahashi Y, Iga JI, Ueno SI. Elevated mRNA Expression and Low Methylation of SNCA in Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:1349-1357. [PMID: 27567856 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the continuing debate about the amyloid hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the precise pathogenesis is still unclear. Mixed pathology is common and multiple different protein aggregates are seen in human postmortem brains. Aggregates consisting of the alpha-synuclein protein encoded by the Synuclein Alpha gene (SCNA) are common in both dementia with Lewy bodies and AD. We examined SNCA mRNA expression and methylation rates of the CpG island at intron 1 of SNCA in peripheral leukocytes in 50 AD and age- and sex-matched control subjects to verify whether alpha-synuclein pathology affects the AD pathogenesis. SNCA mRNA expression in AD subjects was significantly higher than that in control subjects (1.62±0.73 versus 0.98±0.50, p < 0.001). We found significant differences between AD and control subjects at seven CpG sites (average rate; 8.8±2.7 versus 9.5±2.5, respectively: p = 0.027). The methylation rates tended to be lower in AD subjects at all CpG sites. We conclude that mRNA expression and methylation of SNCA intron 1 are altered in AD, which may be caused by Lewy body pathology in AD.
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Zetterberg H, Rohrer JD, Schott JM. Cerebrospinal fluid in the dementias. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 146:85-97. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804279-3.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Niemantsverdriet E, Valckx S, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S. Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers: clinical indications and rational use. Acta Neurol Belg 2017; 117:591-602. [PMID: 28752420 PMCID: PMC5565643 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-017-0816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review focusses on the validation and standardization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, as well as on the current clinical indications and rational use of CSF biomarkers in daily clinical practice. The validated AD CSF biomarkers, Aβ1-42, T-tau, and P-tau181, have an added value in the (differential) diagnosis of AD and related disorders, including mixed pathologies, atypical presentations, and in case of ambiguous clinical dementia diagnosis. CSF biomarkers should not be routinely used in the diagnostic work-up of dementia and cannot be used to diagnose non-AD dementias. In cognitively healthy subjects, CSF biomarkers can only be applied for research purposes, e.g., to identify pre-clinical AD in the context of clinical trials with potentially disease-modifying drugs. Therefore, biomarker-based early diagnosis of AD offers great opportunities for preventive treatment development in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Valckx
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Chiasserini D, Biscetti L, Eusebi P, Salvadori N, Frattini G, Simoni S, De Roeck N, Tambasco N, Stoops E, Vanderstichele H, Engelborghs S, Mollenhauer B, Calabresi P, Parnetti L. Differential role of CSF fatty acid binding protein 3, α-synuclein, and Alzheimer's disease core biomarkers in Lewy body disorders and Alzheimer's dementia. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:52. [PMID: 28750675 PMCID: PMC5532764 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) share clinical and molecular features. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers may help the characterization of these diseases, improving the differential diagnosis. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of five CSF biomarkers across a well-characterized cohort of patients diagnosed with AD, DLB, PDD, and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods A total of 208 patients were enrolled in 3 European centers. The diagnostic groups (AD, n = 48; DLB, n = 40; PDD, n = 20; PD, n = 54) were compared with cognitively healthy neurological control subjects (patients with other neurological diseases [OND], n = 46). CSF levels of fatty acid binding protein 3, heart type (FABP3), α-synuclein (α-syn), amyloid-β peptide 1–42, total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau) were assessed with immunoassays. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to calculate the diagnostic value of the biomarkers as well as their association with clinical scores. Results FABP3 levels were significantly increased in patients with AD and DLB compared with those with PD and OND (p < 0.001). CSF t-tau, p-tau, and α-syn were significantly higher in patients with AD than in patients with PDD, DLB, PD, and OND. Combination of FABP3 with p-tau showed high accuracy for the differential diagnosis between AD and DLB (AUC 0.92), whereas patients with AD were separated from those with PDD using a combination of p-tau, FABP3, and α-syn (AUC 0.96). CSF FABP3 was inversely associated with Mini Mental State Examination score in the whole cohort (r = −0.42, p < 0.001). Conclusions The combination of CSF biomarkers linked to different aspects of neurodegeneration, such as FABP3, α-syn, and AD biomarkers, improves the biochemical characterization of AD and Lewy body disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0276-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Chiasserini
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. .,Oncoproteomics Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonardo Biscetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Eusebi
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Salvadori
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Frattini
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Simoni
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia - University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Naomi De Roeck
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nicola Tambasco
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia - University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Erik Stoops
- ADx NeuroSciences, Technologiepark 4, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neuropathology, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Paracelsus-Elena Klinik, Klinikstrasse 16, 34128, Kassel, Germany
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Neurology Clinic, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia - University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,IRRCS S. Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Neurology Clinic, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia - University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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48
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Zetterberg H. Applying fluid biomarkers to Alzheimer's disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C3-C10. [PMID: 28424166 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00007.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that starts with a clinically silent phase of a decade or more during which brain pathologies accumulate predominantly in the medial temporal lobe but also elsewhere in the brain. Network dysfunction and clinical symptoms typically appear when senile plaque (amyloid-β) and neurofibrillary tangle (tau) pathologies meet in the brain parenchyma, producing synapse and neuronal loss. For plaque and tangle pathologies, reliable fluid biomarkers have been developed. These require sampling of cerebrospinal fluid. Reliable blood tests for plaque and tangle pathologies are currently lacking, but blood tests for general neurodegeneration have recently been developed. In AD, plaques and tangles often coexist with other pathologies, including Lewy bodies, and to what extent these contribute to symptoms is currently unknown. There are also important differential diagnoses that may be possible to distinguish from AD with the aid of biomarkers. The scope of this review is fluid biomarkers for AD and related pathologies. The purpose is to provide the reader with an updated account of currently available fluid biomarkers for AD and clinically relevant differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; .,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; and.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
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49
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Giacomelli C, Daniele S, Martini C. Potential biomarkers and novel pharmacological targets in protein aggregation-related neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 131:1-15. [PMID: 28159621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of specific proteins plays a pivotal role in the etiopathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). β-Amyloid (Aβ) peptide-containing plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated protein tau are the two main neuropathological lesions in Alzheimer's disease. Meanwhile, Parkinson's disease is defined by the presence of intraneuronal inclusions (Lewy bodies), in which α-synuclein (α-syn) has been identified as a major protein component. The current literature provides considerable insights into the mechanisms underlying oligomeric-related neurodegeneration, as well as the relationship between protein aggregation and ND, thus facilitating the development of novel putative biomarkers and/or pharmacological targets. Recently, α-syn, tau and Aβ have been shown to interact each other or with other "pathological proteins" to form toxic heteroaggregates. These latest findings are overcoming the concept that each neurodegenerative disease is related to the misfolding of a single specific protein. In this review, potential opportunities and pharmacological approaches targeting α-syn, tau and Aβ and their oligomeric forms are highlighted with examples from recent studies. Protein aggregation as a biomarker of NDs, in both the brain and peripheral fluids, is deeply explored. Finally, the relationship between biomarker establishment and assessment and their use as diagnostics or therapeutic targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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50
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Majbour NK, Chiasserini D, Vaikath NN, Eusebi P, Tokuda T, van de Berg W, Parnetti L, Calabresi P, El-Agnaf OMA. Increased levels of CSF total but not oligomeric or phosphorylated forms of alpha-synuclein in patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40263. [PMID: 28071698 PMCID: PMC5223278 DOI: 10.1038/srep40263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported an association between CSF alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and demonstrated the significance of α-syn in improving the diagnostic sensitivity/specificity of classical AD CSF biomarkers. In the current study, we measured CSF levels of different α-syn species in a cohort of AD patients (n = 225) who showed a CSF profile typical of AD at baseline as well as in cognitively intact controls (n = 68). CSF total α-syn (t-α-syn) significantly increased in the AD group (p < 0.0001) compared to controls, while oligomeric- and phosphorylated-Ser129-α-syn did not change significantly. ROC analysis showed a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 84% (AUC = 0.88) in distinguishing AD from controls. T-α-syn levels correlated positively with tau species in AD group and negatively with baseline MMSE score. Our data support the added value of measurement of CSF α-syn species for further characterization of the CSF AD profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour K Majbour
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Dipartimento di Medicina, sezione di Neurologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nishant N Vaikath
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.,Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, BMC A10, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paolo Eusebi
- Dipartimento di Medicina, sezione di Neurologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Geriatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Wilma van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina, sezione di Neurologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Dipartimento di Medicina, sezione di Neurologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione S. Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.,Life Sciences Division, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
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