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Zhang HT, Tan N, Gao Y, She KY, Luo Q, Yao KR, Tang X, Li L, Zhao L, Wang ZH, Yang XJ, Yin XH. Prediction of postoperative mortality in older surgical patients by clinical frailty scale: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:581-589. [PMID: 39154507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To systematically evaluate the predictive efficacy of clinical frailty scale (CFS) for postoperative mortality older surgical patients, and to evaluate the prevalence of frailty in the included studies. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted, utilizing the MOOSE guidelines for the evaluation of both. Quality assessment of the articles was also performed. DATA SOURCES The protocol was registered (CRD42023423552). Relevant English and Chinese language studies published until October 20th, 2023 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, CINAHL,Cochrane, WAN FANG DATA, VIP Information, CNKI, and SinoMed databases. REVIEW METHODS Study were included in which frailty was measured by the CFS and postoperative mortality was reported for older surgery patients. A meta-analysis to predict postoperative mortality and frailty prevalence was performed using STATA 17.0 software. RESULTS Sixteen cohort studies were included (5,864 participants) from 1,513 records. All studies' Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) scores were above 6 points. It was found that the prevalence of surgical frailty in the older was 0.36(CI 0.20-0.52). Patients assessed as frail by the CFS were associated with higher all-cause mortality (OR:4.01; CI 2.59-6.23). Subgroup analysis shows that frailty was associated with1-month mortality (OR:3.85; CI 1.11-13.45) and 1-year mortality (OR:4.43; CI 2.18-8.99). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of frailty is high in older surgical patients, and CFS can effectively predict the mortality of older surgical patients with frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Zhang
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ning Tan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Urology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ke-Yi She
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qin Luo
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ke-Ru Yao
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xi Tang
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhi-Han Wang
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xin-Jun Yang
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xin-Hong Yin
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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Aakre EK, Aakre KM, Flaatten H, Hufthammer KO, Ranhoff AH, Jammer I. High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T and Frailty Predict Short-Term Mortality in Patients ≥75 Years Undergoing Emergency Abdominal Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study. Anesth Analg 2024; 139:313-322. [PMID: 39008976 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An elevated cardiac troponin concentration is a prognostic factor for perioperative cardiac morbidity and mortality. In elderly patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery, frailty is a recognized risk factor, but little is known about the prognostic value of cardiac troponin in these vulnerable patients. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic significance of elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentration and frailty in a cohort of elderly patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. METHODS We included consecutive patients ≥75 years of age who presented for emergency abdominal surgery, defined as abdominal pathology requiring surgery within 72 hours, in a university hospital in Norway. Patients who underwent vascular procedures or palliative surgery for inoperable malignancies were excluded. Preoperatively, frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and blood samples were measured for hs-cTnT. We evaluated the predictive power of CFS and hs-cTnT concentrations using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Cox proportional hazard regression with 30-day mortality as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included (1) a composite of 30-day all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac event (MACE), defined as myocardial infarction, nonfatal cardiac arrest, or coronary revascularization; and (2) 90-day mortality. RESULTS Of the 210 screened and 156 eligible patients, blood samples were available in 146, who were included. Troponin concentration exceeded the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) in 83% and 89% of the patients pre- and postoperatively. Of the participants, 53% were classified as vulnerable or frail (CFS ≥4). The 30-day mortality rate was 12% (18 of 146). Preoperatively, a threshold of hs-cTnT ≥34 ng/L independently predicted 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 3.14, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-9.45), and the composite outcome of 30-day mortality and MACE (HR 2.58, 95% CI, 1.07-6.49). In this model, frailty (continuous CFS score) also independently predicted 30-day mortality (HR 1.42, 95% CI, 1.01-2.00) and 30-day mortality or MACE (HR 1.37, 95% CI, 1.02-1.84). The combination of troponin and frailty, 0.14 × hs-cTnT +4.0 × CFS, yielded apparent superior predictive power (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC] 0.79, 95% CI, 0.68-0.88), compared to troponin concentration (AUC 0.69, 95% CI, 0.55-0.83) or frailty (AUC 0.69, 95% CI, 0.57-0.82) alone. CONCLUSIONS After emergency abdominal surgery in elderly patients, increased preoperative troponin concentration and frailty were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. The combination of increased troponin concentration and frailty seemed to provide better prognostic information than troponin or frailty alone. These results must be validated in an independent sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Kismul Aakre
- From the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Moberg Aakre
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology
| | - Hans Flaatten
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Ib Jammer
- From the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Lin JW, Lin PY, Wang TY, Chen YJ, Yen DHT, Huang HH. The Association Between Frailty Evaluated by Clinical Frailty Scale and Mortality of Older Patients in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:1383-1392. [PMID: 39081832 PMCID: PMC11287370 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s472991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty epitomizes the most complex consequence of an aging population. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of frailty, measured using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), on outcomes of older people in an emergency department (ED). Methods We conducted a prospective observational study enrolling patients aged 65 years and older in a medical center of Taiwan between March 8, 2021, and November 30, 2021. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality rate. Individuals were categorized into three groups based on the CFS scores. Logistic regression was employed to examine the influence of frailty on clinical outcomes following covariate adjustment. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves and Log rank tests. Results A total of 473 individuals were included in the study, with a mean age of 82.1 years, and 60.5% of them were males. The 90-day mortality rate was 10.6%. Among these groups, the CFS score 7-9 group had the highest 90-day mortality rate (15.9%), followed by the CFS score 4-6 group (8.0%) and the CFS score 1-3 group (7.1%). The multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated a significant impact of CFS score on prognosis, with adjusted odd ratios of 1.24 (95% CI 1.06-1.47) for 90-day mortality, 1.18 (95% CI 1.06-1.31) for hospitalization, and 1.30 (95% CI 1.12-1.52) for 180-day mortality. The Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a significantly higher 90-day mortality rate for patients with high CFS scores (Log rank tests, p = 0.019). Conclusion In the older ED population, the severity of frailty assessed by the CFS emerged as a significant and important prognostic factor for hospitalization, 90-day mortality, and 180-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Hung-Tsang Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Hao Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shwayder E, Dodson JA, Tellez K, Johanek C, Adhikari S, Meng Y, Schoenthaler A, Jennings LA. Goal setting among older adults starting mobile health cardiac rehabilitation in the RESILIENT trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:2157-2166. [PMID: 38450759 PMCID: PMC11226380 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition that healthcare should align with individuals' health priorities; however, these priorities remain undefined, especially among older adults. The Rehabilitation Using Mobile Health for Older Adults with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Home Setting (RESILIENT) trial, designed to test the efficacy of mobile health cardiac rehabilitation (mHealth-CR) in an older cohort, also measures the attainment of participant-defined health outcome goals as a prespecified secondary endpoint. This study aimed to characterize the health priorities of older adults with ischemic heart disease (IHD) using goal attainment scaling-a technique for measuring individualized goal achievement-in a sample of 100 RESILIENT participants. METHODS The ongoing RESILIENT trial randomizes patients aged ≥65 years with IHD (defined as hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome and/or coronary revascularization), to receive mHealth-CR or usual care. For the current study, we qualitatively coded baseline goal attainment scales from randomly selected batches of 20 participants to identify participants' cardiac rehabilitation outcome goals and their perceptions of barriers and action plans for goal attainment. We used a deductive framework (i.e., 4 value categories from Patient Priorities Care) and inductive approaches to code and analyze interviews until thematic saturation. RESULTS This sample of 100 older adults set diverse health outcome goals. Most (54.6%) prioritized physical activity, fewer (17.1%) identified symptom management, fewer still (13.7%) prioritized health metrics, mostly comprised of weight loss goals (10.3%), and the fewest (<4%) were related to clinical metrics such as reducing cholesterol or preventing hospital readmission. Participants anticipated extrinsic (access to places to exercise, time) and intrinsic (non-cardiac pain, motivation) barriers. Action plans detailed strategies for exercise, motivation, accountability, and overcoming time constraints. CONCLUSIONS Using goal attainment scaling, we elicited specific and measurable goals among older adults with IHD beginning cardiac rehabilitation. Priorities were predominantly functional, diverging from clinical metrics emphasized by clinicians and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elianna Shwayder
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - John A. Dodson
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Division of Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kelly Tellez
- Division of Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Camila Johanek
- Division of Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Samrachana Adhikari
- Division of Biostatistics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yuchen Meng
- Division of Biostatistics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Antoinette Schoenthaler
- Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lee A. Jennings
- Section of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
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Chen X, Chu NM, Thompson V, Quint EE, Alasfar S, Xue QL, Brennan DC, Norman SP, Lonze BE, Walston JD, Segev DL, McAdams-DeMarco MA. Development and Validation of an Abridged Physical Frailty Phenotype for Clinical Use: A Cohort Study Among Kidney Transplant Candidates. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad173. [PMID: 37466327 PMCID: PMC10733181 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is associated with poor outcomes in surgical patients including kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Transplant centers that measure frailty have better pre- and postoperative outcomes. However, clinical utility of existing tools is low due to time constraints. To address this major barrier to implementation in the preoperative evaluation of patients, we developed an abridged frailty phenotype. METHODS The abridged frailty phenotype was developed by simplifying the 5 physical frailty phenotype (PFP) components in a two-center prospective cohort of 3 220 KT candidates and tested for efficiency (time to completion) in 20 candidates evaluation (January 2009 to March 2020). We examined area under curve (AUC) and Cohen's kappa agreement to compare the abridged assessment with the PFP. We compared waitlist mortality risk (competing risks models) by frailty using the PFP and abridged assessment, respectively. Model discrimination was assessed using Harrell's C-statistic. RESULTS Of 3 220 candidates, the PFP and abridged assessment identified 23.8% and 27.4% candidates as frail, respectively. The abridged frailty phenotype had substantial agreement (kappa = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.66-0.71) and excellent discrimination (AUC = 0.861). Among 20 patients at evaluation, abridged assessment took 5-7 minutes to complete. The PFP and abridged assessment had similar associations with waitlist mortality (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.26-2.08 vs SHR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.33-2.16) and comparable mortality discrimination (p = .51). CONCLUSIONS The abridged assessment is an efficient and valid way to identify frailty. It predicts waitlist mortality without sacrificing discrimination. Surgical departments should consider utilizing the abridged assessment to evaluate frailty in patients when time is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadia M Chu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Valerie Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Evelien E Quint
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sami Alasfar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qian-Li Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel C Brennan
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Silas P Norman
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bonnie E Lonze
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeremy D Walston
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mara A McAdams-DeMarco
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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Fulchignoni C, Covino M, Pietramala S, Lopez I, Merendi G, De Matthaeis A, Franceschi F, Maccauro G, Rocchi L. Hand Trauma in Emergency Department Management in Older Adults ≥ 80 Years Old: A Twenty-Year Retrospective Analysis. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:112. [PMID: 37987472 PMCID: PMC10660491 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hand injuries increases with age, with elderly patients being more prone to hand lesions due to a combination of factors, such as reduced bone density and muscle strength, impaired sensation, and cognitive impairment. Despite the high incidence of hand injuries in the elderly population, few studies have addressed the management and outcomes of hand lesions in this age group. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics and management of hand lesions in patients over 80 years old. The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients over 80 years old who reached their Emergency Department with hand lesions between 2001 and 2020. Data on demographics, injury characteristics, and management were collected and analyzed. A total of 991 patients with hand lesions were included in the study, with a mean age of 84.9 years. The most common causes of injuries were domestic accidents (32.6%) and traffic accidents (12.8%). The most frequent types of hand lesions were fractures (23.5%) and superficial wounds (20.5%). Overall, 23.4% underwent surgical treatment for their hand issue, and 22.1% had associated injuries, among which, the most common were head trauma and other bone fractures. In conclusion, hand lesions in patients over 80 years old are frequent and pose significant challenges in diagnosis and management. Particular attention should be paid to associated injuries and limit indications to surgery when strictly necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Fulchignoni
- Orthopedics & Hand Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Covino
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietramala
- Orthopedics & Hand Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Lopez
- Orthopedics & Hand Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Merendi
- Orthopedics & Hand Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea De Matthaeis
- Orthopedics & Traumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Maccauro
- Orthopedics & Traumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Orthopedics & Hand Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Montalto M, Gallo A, Agnitelli MC, Pellegrino S, Lipari A, Pero E, Covino M, Landi F, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ianiro G. Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in frail and very old patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:3530-3537. [PMID: 37458581 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older age is a well-known risk factor for recurrent and severe Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is widely recognized as an effective and safe therapeutic option for the treatment of recurrent CDI (rCDI). However, the efficacy and safety of FMT for rCDI in very old patients are uncertain. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of FMT in a group of very old subjects with rCDI, and the reliability of overall comorbidity and frailty assessment for identifying patients at higher risk of worse clinical outcomes. METHODS This is a retrospective single-center study including patients ≥85 years undergoing FMT for rCDI between 2014 and 2022. Primary outcomes included efficacy of FMT, defined as cure of CDI at 8 week-follow-up, and safety evaluation. At baseline, comorbidity was measured with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Frailty was measured with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). RESULTS Overall, 43 patients with a median age of 88 years underwent FMT by colonoscopy in the study period. The rate of first FMT success was 77%. Five of the 10 patients who failed the first FMT infusion were cured after repeat FMT, with an overall efficacy of 88%. In patients with successful treatment, the CFS was significantly lower compared to those who failed the FMT or underwent repeat FMT (p < 0.01 for both). Mild adverse events occurred in 11 patients (25%). One death, not related to FMT or rCDI, occurred within 7 days from the first procedure. CONCLUSIONS FMT is effective and safe in very old patients. Frailty and high comorbidity do not limit use of FMT in these patients. Frailty assessment has potential to better identify patients at higher risk of worse outcomes or for repeat treatment with FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Montalto
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Gallo
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Agnitelli
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Pellegrino
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Lipari
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Pero
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Covino
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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8
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Laterza V, Covino M, Schena CA, Russo A, Salini S, Polla DD, de'Angelis N, Quero G, Tondolo V, La Greca A, Merra G, Sganga G, Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F, Landi F, Alfieri S, Rosa F. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Patients ≥80 Years with Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO). J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 27:2177-2186. [PMID: 37674098 PMCID: PMC10579164 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-023-05820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SBO is a potentially life-threatening condition that often affects older patients. Frailty, more than age, is expected to play a crucial role in predicting SBO prognosis in this population. This study aims to define the influence of Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) on mortality and major complications in patients ≥80 years with diagnosis of SBO at the emergency department (ED). METHODS All patients aged ≥80 years admitted to our ED for SBO from January 2015 to September 2020 were enrolled. Frailty was assessed through the CFS, and then analyzed both as a continuous and a dichotomous variable. The endpoints were in-hospital mortality and major complications. RESULTS A total of 424 patients were enrolled. Higher mortality (20.8% vs 8.6%, p<0.001), longer hospital stay (9 [range 5-14] days vs 7 [range 4-12] days, p=0.014), and higher rate of major complications (29.9% vs 17.9%, p=0.004) were associated with CFS ≥7. CFS score and bloodstream infection were the only independent prognostic factors for mortality (OR 1.72 [CI: 1.29-2.29], p<0.001; OR 4.69 [CI: 1.74-12.6], p=0.002, respectively). Furthermore, CFS score, male sex and surgery were predictive factors for major complications (OR 1.41 [CI: 1.13-1.75], p=0.002; OR 1.67 [CI: 1.03-2.71], p=0.038); OR 1.91 [CI: 1.17-3.12], p=0.01; respectively). At multivariate analysis, for every 1-point increase in CFS score, the odds of mortality and the odds of major complications increased 1.72-fold and 1.41-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION The increase in CFS is directly associated with an increased risk of mortality and major complications. The presence of severe frailty could effectively predict an increased risk of in-hospital death regardless of the treatment administered. The employment of CFS in elderly patients could help the identification of the need for closer monitoring and proper goals of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Laterza
- Digestive Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8,, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Covino
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Schena
- Digestive Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8,, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Unit of Colorectal and Digestive Surgery, DIGEST Department, Beaujon University Hospital, AP-HP, University of Paris Cité, Clichy, Paris, France.
| | - Andrea Russo
- Geriatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Salini
- Geriatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Della Polla
- Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola de'Angelis
- Unit of Colorectal and Digestive Surgery, DIGEST Department, Beaujon University Hospital, AP-HP, University of Paris Cité, Clichy, Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Digestive Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8,, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tondolo
- Digestive Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8,, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio La Greca
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merra
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sganga
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Geriatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Alfieri
- Digestive Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8,, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fausto Rosa
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Russo A, Salini S, Gava G, Merra G, Piccioni A, De Matteis G, Tullo G, Novelli A, Petrucci M, Gasbarrini A, Landi F, Franceschi F, Covino M. Reduced Prognostic Role of Serum PCT Measurement in Very Frail Older Adults Admitted to the Emergency Department. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1036. [PMID: 37370355 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the prognostic role of serum PCT in older patients with suspect sepsis or infective diagnosis in the Emergency Department (ED) with a particular focus on the clinical consequences and characteristics due to frailty status. METHODS This is a observational retrospective study conducted in the ED of a teaching hospital. We identified all consecutive patients aged ≥ 80 years admitted to the ED and subsequently hospitalized for clinical suspicion of infection. Inclusion criteria were: age ≥ 80 years and clinical suspicion of infection; availability of a PCT determination obtained < 24 h since ED access; and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) determination. Study endpoints were the diagnostic accuracy of PCT for all-cause in-hospital death, infective diagnosis at discharge, and bloodstream infection. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated via ROC analysis and compared in the patients with severe frailty, measured by CFS > 6, and patients with low or moderate frailty (CFS 1-6). A multivariate analysis was performed to calculate the adjusted odds of raised PCT values for the study endpoints. RESULTS In total, 1459 adults ≥ 80 years with a clinical suspicion of infection were included in the study cohort. The median age of the sample was 85 years (82-89), with 718 (49.2%) males. The multivariate models revealed that, after adjusting for significant covariates, the PCT values at ED admission were significantly associated with higher odds of infective diagnosis only in the fit/moderately frail group (Odds Ratio [95% CI] 1.04 [1.01-1.08], p 0.009) and not in very frail patients (Odds Ratio [95% CI] 1.02 [0.99-1.06], p 0.130). Similarly, PCT values were significantly associated with higher odds of in-hospital death in the fit/moderately frail group (Odds Ratio [95% CI] 1.01 [1.00-1.02], p 0.047), but not in the very frail ones (Odds Ratio [95% CI] 1.00 [0.98-1.02], p 0.948). Conversely, the PCT values were confirmed to be a good independent predictor of bloodstream infection in both the fit/moderately frail group (Odds Ratio [95% CI] 1.06 [1.04-1.08], p < 0.001) and the very frail group (Odds Ratio [95% CI] 1.05 [1.03-1.07], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The PCT values at ED admission do not predict infective diagnosis, nor are associated with higher odds of in-hospital death. Still, in frail older adults, the PCT values in ED could be a useful predictor of bloodstream infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Russo
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Salini
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giordana Gava
- Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merra
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Matteis
- Department of Internal Medicina and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tullo
- Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Novelli
- Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Petrucci
- Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicina and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Covino
- Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Frailty assessment as independent prognostic factor for patients ≥65 years undergoing urgent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 55:505-512. [PMID: 36328898 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate, in a prospective observational cohort study of adults ≥65 years old, the frailty status at the emergency department (ED) admission for the in-hospital death risk stratification of patients needing urgent cholecystectomy. METHODS Clinical variables and frailty status assessed in the ED were evaluated for the association with major complications and the need for open surgery. The parameters evaluated were frailty, comorbidities, physiological parameters, surgical approach, and laboratory values at admission. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for poor outcomes. RESULTS The study enrolled 358 patients aged ≥65 years [median age 74 years]; 190 males (53.1%)]. Overall, 259 patients (72.4%) were classified as non-frail, and 99 (27.6%) as frail. The covariate-adjusted analysis revealed that frailty (P< 0.001), and open surgery (P = 0.015) were independent predictors of major complications. Frailty, peritonitis, constipation at ED admission, and Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 4 were associated with higher odds of open surgical approach (2.06 [1.23 - 3.45], 2.49 [1.13 - 5.48], 11.59 [2.26 - 59.55], 2.45 [1.49 - 4.02]; respectively). DISCUSSION In patients aged ≥65 years undergoing urgent cholecystectomy, the evaluation of functional status in the ED could predict the risk of open surgical approach and major complications. Frail patients have an increased risk both for major complications and need for "open" surgical approach.
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Covino M, Gallo A, Pero E, Simeoni B, Macerola N, Murace CA, Ibba F, Landi F, Franceschi F, Montalto M. Early Prognostic Stratification of Clostridioides difficile Infection in the Emergency Department: The Role of Age and Comorbidities. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101573. [PMID: 36294712 PMCID: PMC9604882 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, mainly in older and frail subjects. Early identification of outcome predictors, starting from emergency department (ED) admission, could help to improve their management. In a retrospective single-center study on patients accessing the ED for diarrhea and hospitalized with a diagnosis of CDI infection, the patients’ clinical history, presenting symptoms, vital signs, and laboratory exams at ED admission were recorded. Quick sequential organ failure assessments (qSOFA) were conducted and Charlson’s comorbidity indices (CCI) were calculated. The primary outcomes were represented by all-cause in-hospital death and the occurrence of major cumulative complications. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to establish predictive risk factors for poor outcomes. Out of 450 patients, aged > 81 years, dyspnea at ED admission, creatinine > 2.5 mg/dL, white blood cell count > 13.31 × 109/L, and albumin < 30 µmol/L were independently associated with in-hospital death and major complications (except for low albumin). Both in-hospital death and major complications were not associated with multimorbidity. In patients with CDI, the risk of in-hospital death and major complications could be effectively predicted upon ED admission. Patients in their 8th decade have an increased risk independent of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Covino
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Gallo
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Erika Pero
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Simeoni
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Macerola
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Celeste Ambra Murace
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ibba
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Montalto
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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12
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Sloane PD, Portelli Tremont JN, Brasel KJ, Dhesi J, Hewitt J, Joseph BA, Ko FC, Kow AW, Lagoo-Deenadelayan SA, Levy CR, Louie RJ, McConnell ES, Neuman MD, Partridge J, Rosenthal RA. Surgery and Geriatric Medicine: Toward Greater Integration and Collaboration. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:525-527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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