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Hanumegowda SM, Srinivasa C, Shivaiah A, Venkatappa MM, Shankar RL, Lakshmaiah RK, Gonchigar SJ, Sannaningaiah D. Kenaf Seed Cysteine Protease (KSCP) Inhibits the Intrinsic Pathway of the Blood Coagulation Cascade and Platelet Aggregation. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:394-408. [PMID: 38031777 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037265109231114065204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombosis is the key event that obstructs the flow of blood throughout the circulatory system, leading to stroke, myocardial infarction and severe cardiovascular complications. Currently, available antithrombotic drugs trigger several life-threatening side effects. INTRODUCTION Antithrombotic agents from natural sources devoid of adverse effects are grabbing high attention. In our previous study, we reported the antioxidant, anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties of kenaf seed protein extract. Therefore, in the current study, purification and characterization of cysteine protease from kenaf seed protein extract responsible for potential antithrombotic activity was undertaken. METHODS Purification of KSCP (Kenaf Seed Cysteine Protease) was carried out using gel permeation and ion exchange column chromatography. The purity of the enzyme was evaluated by SDS PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl-Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis). RP-HPLC (Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight) and CD (Circular Dichroism techniques) were employed for its characterization. Proteolytic, fibrinolytic and kinetic study was done using spectroscopy. Plasma recalcification time, Prothrombin Time (PT), Thrombin clotting time (TCT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), bleeding time and platelet aggregation studies were carried out for antithrombotic activity of KSCP. RESULT A single sharp band of KSCP was observed under both reduced and non-reduced conditions, having a molecular mass of 24.1667kDa. KSCP was found to contain 30.3% helix turns and 69.7% random coils without a beta-pleated sheet. KSCP digested casein and fibrin, and its activity was inhibited by iodoacetic acid (IAA). KSCP was optimally active at pH 6.0 at the temperature of 40°C. KSCP exhibited anticoagulant properties by interfering in the intrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation cascade. Furthermore, KSCP dissolved both whole blood and plasma clots and platelet aggregation. CONCLUSION KSCP purified from kenaf seed extract showed antithrombotic potential. Hence, it could be a better candidate for the management of thrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha M Hanumegowda
- Department of Biochemistry Jnansahydri, Kuvempu University, Shankarghatta-577451, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandramma Srinivasa
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University-572102, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Shivaiah
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University-572102, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjula M Venkatappa
- Department of Biochemistry Jnansahydri, Kuvempu University, Shankarghatta-577451, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohith L Shankar
- Department of Seribiotechnology, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore-57005, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh K Lakshmaiah
- Department of Food Science, Maharani College for Women, University of Mysore-570004, Karnataka, India
| | - Sathisha J Gonchigar
- Department of Biochemistry Jnansahydri, Kuvempu University, Shankarghatta-577451, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Devaraja Sannaningaiah
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University-572102, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
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Wekesa TB, Wafula EN, Kavesu N, Sangura RM. Taxonomical, functional, and cytopathological characterization of Bacillus spp. from Lake Magadi, Kenya, against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in Phaseolus vulgaris L. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:1293-1304. [PMID: 37310378 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A decline in common bean production and the ineffectiveness of synthetic chemical products in managing plant pathogens has led to exploiting Kenyan soda lakes as an alternative search for biocontrol agents. This study aimed to identify phylogenetically Bacillus spp. from Lake Magadi and their antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The 16 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) subunit sequences of six bacterial strains isolated from Lake Magadi showed diversity similar to the Bacillus genus; Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus pumilus. In vitro, antagonism showed varied mycelium inhibition rates of fungi in the coculture method. Enzymatic assays showed the varied ability of isolates to produce phosphatase, pectinase, chitinase, protease, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and hydrogen cyanide (HCD). The in vivo assay showed M09 (B. velezensis) with the lowest root mortality and incidence of postemergence wilt. Pre-emergence wilt incidence was recorded as lowest in M10 (B. subtilis). Isolate M10 had the highest phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) for defense enzymes, while polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase were recorded as highest in M09. For the phenolic content, M10 recorded the highest phenolic content. In conclusion, Lake Magadi harbors Bacillus spp, which can be used as a potential biocontrol of R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tofick B Wekesa
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eliud N Wafula
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Bomet University College, Bomet, Kenya
| | - Ndinda Kavesu
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert M Sangura
- Department of Management Science and Entrepreneurship, Bomet University College, Bomet, Kenya
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Mycobiome Diversity of the Cave Church of Sts. Peter and Paul in Serbia-Risk Assessment Implication for the Conservation of Rare Cavern Habitat Housing a Peculiar Fresco Painting. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121263. [PMID: 36547596 PMCID: PMC9782640 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycobiome of the cave Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, housing the peculiar fresco painting of “The Bald-headed Jesus”, was analyzed via culture-dependent and -independent methods. Salt efflorescence, colored patinas, and biofilm, as well as biopitting, discolorations, and fruiting bodies of wood-decay fungi were observed on surfaces within the church. Microscopic analyses showed an abundance of fungal structures, i.e., conidiophores, conidia, chlamydospores, and ascospores. The estimated values of the contamination classified all surfaces as the “Danger zone”. A total of 24 fungi from 17 genera were determined as part of the culturable mycobiome, with a dominance of Ascomycota of genera Penicillium. Biodegradative profiles analyzed via plate assays demonstrated positive reactions for 16 isolates: most commonly acid production (8), followed by pigment production and ligninolytic activity (6), protein degradation (5), cellulolytic activity (3) and carbonate dissolution (2). Metabarcoding analysis showed a dominance of Ascomycota in all samples (79.9−99.7%), with high relative abundance documented for Hypoxylon fuscopurpureum on the iconostasis and unclassified Mycosphaerellaceae family within order Capnodiales on fresco and stone, as well as moderate relative abundance for unclassified Dothideomycetes, Botryolepraria lesdainii, Verrucaria sp. and Cladosporium sp. on stone walls. The used set of integrative methods pointed out species of genus Neodevriesia and H. fuscopurpureum as the main deteriogenic agents of fresco and iconostasis surfaces, respectively.
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Fernandes A, Ramos C, Monteiro V, Santos J, Fernandes P. Virulence Potential and Antibiotic Susceptibility of S. aureus Strains Isolated from Food Handlers. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2155. [PMID: 36363746 PMCID: PMC9696720 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus spp. are common members of the normal human flora. However, some Staphylococcus species are recognised as human pathogens due to the production of several virulence factors and enterotoxins that are particularly worrisome in food poisoning. Since many of Staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks are typically associated with cross-contamination, the detection of S. aureus on food handlers was performed. Hand swabs from 167 food handlers were analysed for the presence of S. aureus. More than 11% of the samples were positive for S. aureus. All S. aureus strains were isolated and analysed for the presence of virulence and enterotoxin genes, namely, sea, seb, sec, sed, seg, sei, tsst-1 and pvl. The same strains were phenotypically characterised in terms of antibiotic susceptibility using the disc diffusion method and antimicrobial agents from 12 different classes. A low prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains was found, with 55.6% of the strains being sensitive to all of the antimicrobial agents tested. However, a high prevalence of resistance to macrolides was found, with 44.4% of the strains showing resistance to erythromycin. At least one of the virulence or toxin genes was detected in 61.1% of the strains, and seg was the most prevalent toxin gene, being detected in 44.4% of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fernandes
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Carla Ramos
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Victor Monteiro
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- CISAS, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Paulo Fernandes
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- CISAS, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
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Duré LMM, Galeano RMS, Viana TFC, Roque CG, Matias R, Paggi GM, Corrêa BO, da Silva Brasil M. Bacillus strains with potential for growth promotion and control of white mold in soybean. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Galeano RMS, de Russo Godoy FM, Duré LMM, Fernandes-Júnior PI, Baldani JI, Paggi GM, Zanoelo FF, Brasil MS. Potential of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Ironstone Outcrops Bromeliads to Promote Plant Growth Under Drought Conditions. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2741-2752. [PMID: 34031727 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are bacteria that have mechanisms that facilitate plant growth in stress conditions such as drought. The objective of this study was to characterize bacterial strains isolated from bromeliads roots in ironstone outcrops (Urucum Residual Plateau, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil) for plant growth-promoting under drought conditions. Firstly, we screened isolates with the presence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. Then, all isolates were tested for tolerance to drought, exopolysaccharides (EPS) production, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing abilities, phosphate and zinc solubilization, production of catalase and hydrolytic enzymes (amylase, cellulase, and protease). Germination assay and a pot experiment with maize plants submitted to well-watered and drought conditions were performed with the strains most promising (VBN11 and VBE23). Briefly, Bacillus cereus VBE23 showed in vitro higher ACC deaminase activity (3.83 and 2.52 µmol α-KB mg-1 h-1 in non-drought and drought conditions, respectively), tolerance to drought, EPS production and other mechanisms of plant growth promotion: solubilization of phosphate and zinc, ammonia production, catalase activity and production of hydrolytic enzymes (amylase, cellulase, and protease). Inoculation of strain VBE23 in maize seeds submitted to drought conditions showed higher germination concerning uninoculated seeds and inoculated with VBN11. Also, the results indicated that the isolate VBE23 provided higher values of fresh and dry biomass compared to the control of uninoculated treatment and inoculated with VBN11 under drought conditions. This is the first report on the PGPB from ironstone outcrops of Urucum Residual Plateau, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Thus, this bacterial isolate could be used as a strategy for the facilitation of plant growth in drought environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Mattos Silva Galeano
- Laboratory of Genetic and Microbiology, Campus Pantanal, Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campus Pantanal/UFMS-CPAN, Corumbá, MS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, Bioscience Institute (InBio), Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria de Russo Godoy
- Laboratory of Genetic and Microbiology, Campus Pantanal, Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campus Pantanal/UFMS-CPAN, Corumbá, MS, Brazil
| | - Laís Mayara Melo Duré
- Laboratory of Genetic and Microbiology, Campus Pantanal, Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campus Pantanal/UFMS-CPAN, Corumbá, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gecele Matos Paggi
- Laboratory of Genetic and Microbiology, Campus Pantanal, Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campus Pantanal/UFMS-CPAN, Corumbá, MS, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fonseca Zanoelo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, Bioscience Institute (InBio), Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marivaine Silva Brasil
- Laboratory of Genetic and Microbiology, Campus Pantanal, Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campus Pantanal/UFMS-CPAN, Corumbá, MS, Brazil.
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Current Knowledge on the Fungal Degradation Abilities Profiled through Biodeteriorative Plate Essays. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are known to contribute to the development of drastic biodeterioration of historical and valuable cultural heritage materials. Understandably, studies in this area are increasingly reliant on modern molecular biology techniques due to the enormous benefits they offer. However, classical culture dependent methodologies still offer the advantage of allowing fungal species biodeteriorative profiles to be studied in great detail. Both the essays available and the results concerning distinct fungal species biodeteriorative profiles obtained by amended plate essays, remain scattered and in need of a deep summarization. As such, the present work attempts to provide an overview of available options for this profiling, while also providing a summary of currently known fungal species putative biodeteriorative abilities solely obtained by the application of these methodologies. Consequently, this work also provides a series of checklists that can be helpful to microbiologists, restorers and conservation workers when attempting to safeguard cultural heritage materials worldwide from biodeterioration.
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Production, Optimization, and Characterization of an Acid Protease from a Filamentous Fungus by Solid-State Fermentation. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:6685963. [PMID: 34007282 PMCID: PMC8102121 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6685963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid proteases represent an important group of enzymes, extensively used in food and beverage industries. There is an increased demand for acid proteases adapting to the industrial extreme environment, especially lower pH. Thus, this necessitates the search for a better acid protease from fungi that best performs in industrial conditions. The fungal isolates were isolated from grape and dairy farm soil using potato dextrose agar and further screened for protease production based on the hydrolysis of clear zone on skim milk agar. The potential fungi were then subjected to secondary screening under solid-state fermentation (SSF). After the secondary screening, the potential fungus was identified to the genus level by the macroscopic and microscopic methods. The growth conditions and media composition for the potential fungus were further optimized under SSF. The crude enzyme produced by the potential isolate was characterized after partial purification by acetone and ammonium sulfate precipitation. A total of 9 fungal isolates showed protease production in primary and secondary screening; however, one potential isolate (Z1BL1) was selected for further study based on its protease activity. The isolate was identified to the genus Aspergillus based on their morphological features. The maximum acid protease from the isolate Z1BL1 was obtained using fermentation media containing wheat bran as a solid substrate, 1 mL of 3.2 × 106 inoculum size, 50% moisture content, and pH 4.5 upon 120-h incubation at 30°C. The acetone-precipitated enzyme exhibited the maximum activity at 50°C and pH 5 with stability at pH 4–6 and temperature 40–60°C. Thus, the acid protease produced from Aspergillus showed suitable enzyme characteristics required in the industry and could be a candidate for application in the food industry after further purification.
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Barreto HC, Cordeiro TN, Henriques AO, Gordo I. Rampant loss of social traits during domestication of a Bacillus subtilis natural isolate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18886. [PMID: 33144634 PMCID: PMC7642357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most model bacteria have been domesticated in laboratory conditions. Yet, the tempo with which a natural isolate diverges from its ancestral phenotype under domestication to a novel laboratory environment is poorly understood. Such knowledge, however is essential to understanding the rate of evolution, the time scale over which a natural isolate can be propagated without loss of its natural adaptive traits, and the reliability of experimental results across labs. Using experimental evolution, phenotypic assays, and whole-genome sequencing, we show that within a week of propagation in a common laboratory environment, a natural isolate of Bacillus subtilis acquires mutations that cause changes in a multitude of traits. A single adaptive mutational step in the gene coding for the transcriptional regulator DegU impairs a DegU-dependent positive autoregulatory loop and leads to loss of robust biofilm architecture, impaired swarming motility, reduced secretion of exoproteases, and to changes in the dynamics of sporulation across environments. Importantly, domestication also resulted in improved survival when the bacteria face pressure from cells of the innate immune system. These results show that degU is a target for mutations during domestication and underscores the importance of performing careful and extremely short-term propagations of natural isolates to conserve the traits encoded in their original genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo C Barreto
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago N Cordeiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Adriano O Henriques
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Gordo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Snyman C, Theron LW, Divol B. Understanding the regulation of extracellular protease gene expression in fungi: a key step towards their biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5517-5532. [PMID: 31129742 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of proteases by certain species of yeast and filamentous fungi is of importance not only for their biological function and survival, but also for their biotechnological application to various processes in the food, beverage, and bioprocessing industries. A key step towards understanding the role that these organisms play in their environment, and how their protease-secreting ability may be optimally utilised through industrial applications, involves an evaluation of those factors which influence protease production. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the findings from investigations directed at elucidating the regulatory mechanisms underlying extracellular protease secretion in yeast and filamentous fungi, and the environmental stimuli that elicit these responses. The influence of nitrogen-, carbon-, and sulphur-containing compounds, as well as proteins, temperature, and pH, on extracellular protease regulation, which is frequently exerted at the transcriptional level, is discussed in particular depth. Protease-secreting organisms of biotechnological interest are also presented in this context, in an effort to explore the areas of industrial significance that could possibly benefit from such knowledge. In this way, the establishment of a platform of existing knowledge regarding fungal protease regulation is attempted, with the particular goal of aiding in the practical application of these organisms to processes that require secretion of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Snyman
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - L W Theron
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - B Divol
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Ben Mefteh F, Frikha F, Daoud A, Chenari Bouket A, Luptakova L, Alenezi FN, Al-Anzi BS, Oszako T, Gharsallah N, Belbahri L. Response Surface Methodology Optimization of an Acidic Protease Produced by Penicillium bilaiae Isolate TDPEF30, a Newly Recovered Endophytic Fungus from Healthy Roots of Date Palm Trees ( Phoenix dactylifera L.). Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7030074. [PMID: 30857235 PMCID: PMC6462932 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore proteolytic activity of endophytic fungi inhabiting date palm roots, a Penicillium bilaiae isolate, displaying the highest level of protease production, has been recovered. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize culture conditions for protease production by the fungus. Plackett-Burman design allowed for screening of variables effective in protease production. Results indicated that temperature, initial pH and glucose concentration dramatically affect protease yield. These factors were further optimized using a Box-Behnken design and RSM. A combination of initial pH (6.26), temperature (24.5 °C), glucose (13.75 g/L), NaNO3 (1.5 g/L), MgSO4 (0.2 g/L), KH2PO4 (0.5 g/L) and KCl (0.5 g/L) were optimum for maximum production of protease. A 1086-fold enhancement of protease production was gained after optimization. Biochemical properties of fungal protease including the effect of pH and temperature on the activity and the stability of proteolytic enzyme were determined. Moreover, the influence of carbon and nitrogen sources, metal ions, detergents as well as enzyme inhibitors was investigated. Our results highlighted that protease of Penicillium bilaiae isolate TDPEF30 could be considered as a promising candidate for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedia Ben Mefteh
- NextBiotech, 98 Rue Ali Belhouane, Agareb 3030, Tunisia.
- Faculty of Science, B.P. 1171, 3000, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Fakher Frikha
- Faculty of Science, B.P. 1171, 3000, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Amal Daoud
- Faculty of Science, B.P. 1171, 3000, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | | | - Lenka Luptakova
- NextBiotech, 98 Rue Ali Belhouane, Agareb 3030, Tunisia.
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biology, Zoology & Radiobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia.
| | | | - Bader S Al-Anzi
- Department of Environmental Technology Management, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland.
| | - Neji Gharsallah
- Faculty of Science, B.P. 1171, 3000, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Lassaad Belbahri
- NextBiotech, 98 Rue Ali Belhouane, Agareb 3030, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
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In vitro biodegradation potential of airborne Aspergilli and Penicillia. Naturwissenschaften 2019; 106:8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-019-1603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zhu Y, She X. Evaluation of the plant-growth-promoting abilities of endophytic bacteria from the psammophyteAmmodendron bifolium. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:253-264. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the plant-growth-promoting abilities of 45 endophytic bacterial isolates from Ammodendron bifolium through physiological characteristics detection and endophytic bacteria–plant interaction. Each of these isolates exhibited 1 or more plant-growth-promoting traits, but only 11 isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Kocuria were capable of promoting seed germination and radicle growth. These results together with the results of the correlation analysis revealed that the completion of seed germination may not be due to IAA production, phosphate solubilization, pellicle formation, and ACC deaminase, protease and lipase production by endophytic bacteria, but may be closely related to amylase and cellulase production. Further, endophytic bacterial isolates with plant-growth-promoting traits may also provide beneficial effects to host plants at different growth stages. Thus, these results are of value for understanding the ecological roles of endophytic bacteria in host plant habitats and can serve as a foundation for further studies of their potential in plant regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoping She
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
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Chinnadurai GS, Krishnan S, Perumal P. Studies on detection and analysis of proteases in leaf extract of medicinally important plants. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 40:176-188. [PMID: 29496170 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The whole plant or the extracts obtained from them have long been used as medicine to treat various human diseases and disorders. Notably, those plants endowed with protease activity have been traditionally used as the agents for treating tumors, digestion disorders, swelling, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and also for immune-modulation. AIM OF THE STUDY Proteases occupy a pivotal position in enzyme based industries. Plant proteases have been increasingly exploited for pharmaceutical, food, leather and textile processing industries. Earlier investigations have focused on the occurrence of proteases in medicinally unimportant plants. Therefore it has been aimed to study the occurrence of proteolytic enzymes from medicinally important plants establish any correlation exists between protease activity and medicinal use of individual plants. METHODS Crude extract were obtained from the leaves of 80 different medicinal plants. Tris-HCl buffer was used as the extraction buffer and the supernatants obtained were used for determination of total protein and protease activity using spectrophotometric methods. Qualitative screening for the presence of protease was carried out with agar diffusion method by incorporating the substrate. SDS-PAGE was used to analyse the isoforms of protease and for determination of relative molecular mass. RESULTS Relatively higher protease activities were observed in the extracts of leaves of Pongamia pinnata (Fabaceae), Wrightia tinctoria (Apocyanaceae) Acalypha indica (Euphorbiaceae), Adhatoda vasica (Acanthaceae) and Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). No correlation was found between the total protein content and protease activity in individual plant species. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated the presence of multiple forms of protease of higher molecular weight range in several plant species. We found a strong correlation between the protease activity and medicinal application of the plant CONCLUSION: The present study has unequivocally revealed that the leaves of medicinal plants could serve as excellent sources of proteases which could be exploited for various industrial, food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Shree Chinnadurai
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Sivakumar Krishnan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Palani Perumal
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India.
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Unković N, Dimkić I, Stupar M, Stanković S, Vukojević J, Ljaljević Grbić M. Biodegradative potential of fungal isolates from sacral ambient: In vitro study as risk assessment implication for the conservation of wall paintings. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190922. [PMID: 29309432 PMCID: PMC5757982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal purpose of the study was to evaluate in vitro the potential ability of fungal isolates obtained from the painted layer of frescoes and surrounding air to induce symptoms of fresco deterioration, associated with their growth and metabolism, so that the risk of such deterioration can be precisely assessed and appropriate conservation treatments formulated. Biodegradative properties of the tested microfungi were qualitatively characterized through the use of a set of special agar plates: CaCO3 glucose agar (calcite dissolution), casein nutrient agar (casein hydrolysis), Czapek-Dox minimal medium (pigment secretion); and Czapek-Dox minimal broth (acid and alkali production). Most of the tested isolates (71.05%) demonstrated at least one of the degradative properties, with Penicillium bilaiae as the most potent, since it tested positive in all four. The remaining isolates (28.95%) showed no deterioration capabilities and were hence considered unlikely to partake in the complex process of fungal deterioration of murals via the tested mechanisms. The obtained results clearly indicate that utilization of fast and simple plate assays can provide insight into the biodegradative potential of deteriogenic fungi and allow for their separation from allochthonous transients, a prerequisite for precise assessment of the amount of risk posed by a thriving mycobiota to mural paintings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Unković
- Department for Algology, Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivica Dimkić
- Department for Microbiology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Stupar
- Department for Algology, Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slaviša Stanković
- Department for Microbiology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vukojević
- Department for Algology, Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Ljaljević Grbić
- Department for Algology, Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Barman NC, Zohora FT, Das KC, Mowla MG, Banu NA, Salimullah M, Hashem A. Production, partial optimization and characterization of keratinase enzyme by Arthrobacter sp. NFH5 isolated from soil samples. AMB Express 2017; 7:181. [PMID: 28936604 PMCID: PMC5608654 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to select the best promising keratinolytic bacterial strain. A good keratinase positive bacterium isolated from the soil samples of Hazaribagh tannery industrial zone, Dhaka was identified as Arthrobacter genus depending on the conventional techniques and confirmed as Arthrobacter sp. by sequencing 16S rRNA gene. The medium components and culture conditions were optimized to enhance keratinase production through shake flask culture. Keratin and feather powder (10 g/l or 1%) were good substrates for the highest keratinase production along with yeast extract (0.2 g/l or 0.02%) as an organic nitrogen source and potassium nitrate (1 g or 0.1%) as an inorganic nitrogen source. Maximum yield of keratinase was found after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C with an initial pH of 7.0 and inoculums volume 5% under 150 rpm when keratin, yeast extract and potassium nitrate were used as nutrient sources. Keratinase production was more than 5.0-fold increased when all optimized parameters were applied simultaneously. The optimum reaction temperature and pH were determined to be 40 °C and 8.0 respectively for crude keratinase activity. Therefore, Arthrobacter sp. NFH5 might be used for large scale production of keratinase for industrial purposes in less time.
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Cabral TPF, Bellini NC, Assis KR, Teixeira CCC, Lanchote AD, Cabral H, Freitas LAP. MicroencapsulateAspergillus nigerpeptidases from agroindustrial waste wheat bran: spray process evaluation and stability. J Microencapsul 2017; 34:560-570. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2017.1367851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. P. F. Cabral
- School of Pharmacy, University Center of Educational Foundation of Barretos, Barretos City, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto City, Brazil
| | - N. C. Bellini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto City, Brazil
| | - K. R. Assis
- School of Pharmacy, University Center of Educational Foundation of Barretos, Barretos City, Brazil
| | - C. C. C. Teixeira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto City, Brazil
| | - A. D. Lanchote
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto City, Brazil
| | - H. Cabral
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto City, Brazil
| | - L. A. P. Freitas
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto City, Brazil
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Kamal S, Rehman S, Iqbal HMN. Biotechnological valorization of proteases: From hyperproduction to industrial exploitation-A review. ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ep.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry; Government College University; Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Saima Rehman
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry; Government College University; Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Science; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey; Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Monterrey N.L CP 64849 Mexico
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de Souza PM, Bittencourt MLDA, Caprara CC, de Freitas M, de Almeida RPC, Silveira D, Fonseca YM, Ferreira EX, Pessoa A, Magalhães PO. A biotechnology perspective of fungal proteases. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:337-46. [PMID: 26273247 PMCID: PMC4507524 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246220140359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases hydrolyze the peptide bonds of proteins into peptides and amino acids, being found in all living organisms, and are essential for cell growth and differentiation. Proteolytic enzymes have potential application in a wide number of industrial processes such as food, laundry detergent and pharmaceutical. Proteases from microbial sources have dominated applications in industrial sectors. Fungal proteases are used for hydrolyzing protein and other components of soy beans and wheat in soy sauce production. Proteases can be produced in large quantities in a short time by established methods of fermentation. The parameters such as variation in C/N ratio, presence of some sugars, besides several other physical factors are important in the development of fermentation process. Proteases of fungal origin can be produced cost effectively, have an advantage faster production, the ease with which the enzymes can be modified and mycelium can be easily removed by filtration. The production of proteases has been carried out using submerged fermentation, but conditions in solid state fermentation lead to several potential advantages for the production of fungal enzymes. This review focuses on the production of fungal proteases, their distribution, structural-functional aspects, physical and chemical parameters, and the use of these enzymes in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Monteiro de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Tecnologia
Bioquimico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Tecnologia
Bioquimico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de
São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mona Lisa de Assis Bittencourt
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carolina Canielles Caprara
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Freitas
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Renata Paula Coppini de Almeida
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Yris Maria Fonseca
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Ximenes Ferreira
- Universidade de Brasília, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de
Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Tecnologia
Bioquimico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Tecnologia
Bioquimico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de
São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pérola Oliveira Magalhães
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Piñar G, Kraková L, Pangallo D, Piombino-Mascali D, Maixner F, Zink A, Sterflinger K. Halophilic bacteria are colonizing the exhibition areas of the Capuchin Catacombs in Palermo, Italy. Extremophiles 2014; 18:677-91. [PMID: 24863363 PMCID: PMC4065341 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo, Italy, contain over 1800 mummies dating from the 16th to 20th centuries AD. Their environment is not conducive to the conservation of the remains due to, among other factors, water infiltration, which is producing salt efflorescences on the walls. A multiphasic approach was applied to investigate the halophilic microbiota present in the Catacombs. Enrichment cultures were conducted on media containing different NaCl concentrations, ranging from 3 to 20 %. For screening of the strains, the following two PCR-based methods were used and compared: fluorescence internal transcribed spacer PCR (f-ITS) and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. Results derived from RAPD profiles were shown to be slightly more discriminative than those derived from f-ITS. In addition, the proteolytic and cellulolytic abilities were screened through the use of plate assays, gelatin agar and Ostazin Brilliant Red H-3B (OBR-HEC), respectively. Many of the strains isolated from the wall samples displayed proteolytic activities, such as all strains belonging to the genera Bacillus, Virgibacillus and Arthrobacter, as well as some strains related to the genera Oceanobacillus, Halobacillus and Idiomarina. In addition, many of the strains isolated from materials employed to stuff the mummies showed cellulolytic activities, such as those related to species of the genera Chromohalobacter and Nesterenkonia, as well as those identified as Staphylococcus equorum and Halomonas sp. Furthermore, many of the strains were pigmented ranging from yellow to a strong pink color, being directly related to the discoloration displayed by the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Piñar
- VIBT-Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria,
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Optimization of protease production by endophytic fungus, Alternaria alternata, isolated from an Australian native plant. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:1755-62. [PMID: 24419660 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes are recognised as potential sources of novel secondary metabolites, including enzymes and drugs, with applications in medicine, agriculture and industry. There is a growing need for new enzymes, including proteases, for use in industry that can function under a variety of conditions. In this study, three fungal endophytes (Alternaria alternata, Phoma herbarum and an unclassified fungus), were isolated from the Australian native plant, Eremophilia longifolia, and assessed for production of proteases. The lyophilised growth media obtained after fungal fermentation were analysed for protease production using enzyme activity assays. Protease production was optimised by assessing the effects of temperature, pH, carbon source and nitrogen source on activity. A. alternata showed the greatest protease activity in a wide range of pH (3-9). The broadest activity between 9 and 50 °C was observed at pH 7, suggesting a neutral protease. Overall, the optimum conditions were 37 °C and pH 7 with a maximum specific activity value of 69.86 BAEE units/mg. The characteristics demonstrated by this fungal endophyte showed that it is a potential source of an enzyme with particular application in the dairy industry. However, further studies of the tolerance to higher temperatures and pH will indicate whether the enzyme is suitable to such applications.
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Li Y, Pan Y, She Q, Chen L. A novel carboxyl-terminal protease derived from Paenibacillus lautus CHN26 exhibiting high activities at multiple sites of substrates. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:89. [PMID: 24161150 PMCID: PMC4231363 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carboxyl-terminal protease (CtpA) plays essential functions in posttranslational protein processing in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. To date, only a few bacterial ctpA genes have been characterized. Here we cloned and characterized a novel CtpA. The encoding gene, ctpAp (ctpA of Paenibacillus lautus), was derived from P. lautus CHN26, a Gram-positive bacterium isolated by functional screening. Recombinant protein was obtained from protein over-expression in Escherichia coli and the biochemical properties of the enzyme were investigated. Results Screening of environmental sediment samples with a skim milk-containing medium led to the isolation of a P. lautus CHN26 strain that exhibited a high proteolytic activity. A gene encoding a carboxyl-terminal protease (ctpAp) was cloned from the isolate and characterized. The deduced mature protein contains 466 aa with a calculated molecular mass of 51.94 kDa, displaying 29-38% amino acid sequence identity to characterized bacterial CtpA enzymes. CtpAp contains an unusual catalytic dyad (Ser309-Lys334) and a PDZ substrate-binding motif, characteristic for carboxyl-terminal proteases. CtpAp was expressed as a recombinant protein and characterized. The purified enzyme showed an endopeptidase activity, which effectively cleaved α S1- and β- casein substrates at carboxyl-terminus as well as at multiple internal sites. Furthermore, CtpAp exhibited a high activity at room temperature and strong tolerance to conventional protease inhibitors, demonstrating that CtpAp is a novel endopeptidase. Conclusions Our work on CtpA represents the first investigation of a member of Family II CtpA enzymes. The gene was derived from a newly isolated P. lautus CHN26 strain exhibiting a high protease activity in the skim milk assay. We have demonstrated that CtpAp is a novel endopeptidase with distinct cleavage specificities, showing a strong potential in biotechnology and industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Centre for Quality Control and Risk Assessment of Aquatic Products, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China.
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Lü J, Wu X, Jiang Y, Cai X, Huang L, Yang Y, Wang H, Zeng A, Li A. An extremophileMicrobacteriumstrain and its protease production under alkaline conditions. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:378-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lü
- The College of Life Sciences; Central China Normal University; Wuhan China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- The College of Life Sciences; Central China Normal University; Wuhan China
| | - Yali Jiang
- The College of Life Sciences; Central China Normal University; Wuhan China
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- The College of Life Sciences; Central China Normal University; Wuhan China
| | - Luyao Huang
- The College of Life Sciences; Central China Normal University; Wuhan China
| | - Yongbo Yang
- The College of Life Sciences; Central China Normal University; Wuhan China
| | - Huili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; Central China Normal University; Wuhan China
- School of Life Sciences; Wenzhou Medical College; Wenzhou China
| | - Aibing Zeng
- School of Life Sciences; Wenzhou Medical College; Wenzhou China
| | - Aiying Li
- The College of Life Sciences; Central China Normal University; Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; Central China Normal University; Wuhan China
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Disclosing a crypt: microbial diversity and degradation activity of the microflora isolated from funeral clothes of Cardinal Peter Pázmány. Microbiol Res 2013; 168:289-99. [PMID: 23305771 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A crypt can be considered as a particular environment where different microbial communities contribute to decomposition of organic materials present inside during a long interval of time. The textile remains of the funeral clothes (biretta and tunic) of Cardinal Pázmány, an important historic figure dead in Bratislava the 19th March 1637, conserved in this kind of environment were subjected to microbial investigation. The sampling comprised three different approaches and the use of various kinds of cultivation media. Two different PCR-based clustering methods, f-ITS and f-CBH, were employed in order to select the bacterial and fungal microfloras which were identified in a second step by the 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing respectively. The isolated microflora was tested for its proteolytic, keratinolytic and cellulolytic activities and for its ability to grow on Fibroin agar medium. The combination of cultural, molecular and biodegradative assays was able to isolate and characterize a bacterial community composed mainly by members of the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. The fungal community appeared more diversified, together with several Penicillium and Aspergillus strains, members belonging to the species Beauveria bassiana, Eurotium cristatum, Xenochalara juniperi, Phialosimplex caninus and Myriodontium keratinophilum were isolated. Bacteria, especially the Bacillus members, showed their strong ability to degrade keratin and gelatin and a large portion of them was able to growth on Fibroin agar. The fungal isolates displayed a widespread cellulolytic activity and fibroin utilization, although they possessed a weaker and slower proteolytic and keratinolytic properties respect to bacterial counterpart. The present study can be considered perhaps as the first or among the few microbial investigations which treated the textile biodegradation from such unusual environment.
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Queiroga AC, Pintado ME, Malcata FX. Wool-associated proteolytic bacteria, isolated from Portuguese Merino breed. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Leszczynska K, Namiot D, Byfield FJ, Cruz K, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Fein DE, Savage PB, Diamond S, McCulloch CA, Janmey PA, Bucki R. Antibacterial activity of the human host defence peptide LL-37 and selected synthetic cationic lipids against bacteria associated with oral and upper respiratory tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 68:610-8. [PMID: 23134677 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to develop antibacterial peptide mimics resistant to protease degradation, with broad-spectrum activity at sites of infection. METHODS The bactericidal activities of LL-37, ceragenins CSA-13, CSA-90 and CSA-92 and the spermine-conjugated dexamethasone derivative D2S were evaluated using MIC and MBC measurements. Gingival fibroblast counting, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from keratinocytes (HaCat) were used to determine effects on cell growth, pro-inflammatory response and toxicity. RESULTS All tested cationic lipids showed stronger bactericidal activity than LL-37. Incubation of Staphylococcus aureus with half the MIC of LL-37 led to the appearance of bacteria resistant to its bactericidal effects, but identical incubations with CSA-13 or D2S did not produce resistant bacteria. Cathelicidin LL-37 significantly increased the total number of gingival fibroblasts, but ceragenins and D2S did not alter gingival fibroblast growth. Cationic lipids showed no toxicity to HaCat cells at concentrations resulting in bacterial killing. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that cationic lipids such as ceragenins warrant further testing as potential novel antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Leszczynska
- Department of Diagnostic Microbiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
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Boyce A, Walsh G. Identification of fungal proteases potentially suitable for environmentally friendly cleaning-in-place in the dairy industry. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:211-218. [PMID: 22464862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen fungi were screened for ability to produce proteases with activity on milk protein. The proteases produced were assessed on a lab-scale in terms of their potential suitability for cleaning-in-place (CIP) in the dairy industry. Cleaning performance was assessed by determining the ability of the enzymes to remove an industrial-like milk fouling deposit from stainless steel. Based on the results observed, the extracellular protease activity produced by Schizophyllum commune was selected as most suitable for potential CIP application. A CIP procedure involving a sodium carbonate rinse followed by enzymatic cleaning with this fungal enzyme activity was developed. Satisfactory cleaning, judged by quantification of residual organic matter and protein on the stainless steel surface after cleaning, was achieved using the developed CIP procedure at 40°C. This CIP procedure, based on biodegradable enzymes working at low temperature is more environmentally favourable than conventional CIP methods using caustic based cleaning solutions at 70-80°C. Potential environmental benefits of the developed enzymatic CIP procedure include reduced energy consumption, decreased chemical usage and a reduced requirement for pH neutralisation of the resultant waste prior to release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Boyce
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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Analysis and comparison of the microflora isolated from fresco surface and from surrounding air environment through molecular and biodegradative assays. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2015-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Queiroga AC, Pintado ME, Malcata FX. Search for novel proteolytic enzymes aimed at textile and agro-industrial applications: An overview of current and novel approaches. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2012.650856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nagar V, Shashidhar R, Bandekar JR. Prevalence, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Aeromonas Strains from Various Retail Food Products in Mumbai, India. J Food Sci 2011; 76:M486-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kasana RC, Salwan R, Yadav SK. Microbial proteases: Detection, production, and genetic improvement. Crit Rev Microbiol 2011; 37:262-76. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2011.577029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Tork S, Aly M, Nawar L. Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of a New Local Keratinase Producing
Pseudomomanas sp., MS21. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbkr.2010.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Production, purification and characterisation of proteases from whey by some fungi. ANN MICROBIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Peterson RA, Bradner JR, Roberts TH, Nevalainen KMH. Fungi from koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) faeces exhibit a broad range of enzyme activities against recalcitrant substrates. Lett Appl Microbiol 2008; 48:218-25. [PMID: 19141036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Identification of fungi isolated from koala faeces and screening for their enzyme activities of biotechnological interest. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-seven fungal strains were isolated from koala faeces and identified by the amplification and direct sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. The fungi were screened for selected enzyme activities using agar plates containing a single substrate for each target class of enzyme. For xylanase, endoglucanase, ligninase (ligninolytic phenoloxidase) and protease over two-thirds of the isolates produced a clearing halo at 25 degrees C, indicating the secretion of active enzyme by the fungus, and one-third produced a halo indicating amylase, mannanase and tannase activity. Some isolates were also able to degrade crystalline cellulose and others displayed lipase activity. Many of the fungal isolates also produced active enzymes at 15 degrees C and some at 39 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS Koala faeces, consisting of highly lignified fibre, undigested cellulose and phenolics, are a novel source of fungi with high and diverse enzyme activities capable of breaking down recalcitrant substrates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To our knowledge, this is the first time fungi from koala faeces have been identified using ITS sequencing and screened for their enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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