1
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Kang C, Yun D, Yoon H, Hong M, Hwang J, Shin HM, Park S, Cheon S, Han D, Moon KC, Kim HY, Choi EY, Lee EY, Kim MH, Jeong CW, Kwak C, Kim DK, Oh KH, Joo KW, Lee DS, Kim YS, Han SS. Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS1) drives tubulointerstitial nephritis-induced fibrosis by enhancing T cell proliferation and activity. Kidney Int 2024; 105:997-1019. [PMID: 38320721 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Toxin- and drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), characterized by interstitial infiltration of immune cells, frequently necessitates dialysis for patients due to irreversible fibrosis. However, agents modulating interstitial immune cells are lacking. Here, we addressed whether the housekeeping enzyme glutamyl-prolyl-transfer RNA synthetase 1 (EPRS1), responsible for attaching glutamic acid and proline to transfer RNA, modulates immune cell activity during TIN and whether its pharmacological inhibition abrogates fibrotic transformation. The immunological feature following TIN induction by means of an adenine-mixed diet was infiltration of EPRS1high T cells, particularly proliferating T and γδ T cells. The proliferation capacity of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, along with interleukin-17 production of γδ T cells, was higher in the kidneys of TIN-induced Eprs1+/+ mice than in the kidneys of TIN-induced Eprs1+/- mice. This discrepancy contributed to the fibrotic amelioration observed in kidneys of Eprs1+/- mice. TIN-induced fibrosis was also reduced in Rag1-/- mice adoptively transferred with Eprs1+/- T cells compared to the Rag1-/- mice transferred with Eprs1+/+ T cells. The use of an EPRS1-targeting small molecule inhibitor (bersiporocin) under clinical trials to evaluate its therapeutic potential against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis alleviated immunofibrotic aggravation in TIN. EPRS1 expression was also observed in human kidney tissues and blood-derived T cells, and high expression was associated with worse patient outcomes. Thus, EPRS1 may emerge as a therapeutic target in toxin- and drug-induced TIN, modulating the proliferation and activity of infiltrated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaelin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghwan Yun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haein Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minki Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhyeon Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Mu Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokwoo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwon Wook Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Seok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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2
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Xia X, Wu Y, Chen Z, Du D, Chen X, Zhang R, Yan J, Wong IN, Huang R. Colon cancer inhibitory properties of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharide and its molecular mechanisms based on three-dimensional cell culture model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131574. [PMID: 38615857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Caulerpa lentillifera is rich in polysaccharides, and its polysaccharides show a significant effect in different biological activities including anti-cancer activity. As an edible algae-derived polysaccharide, exploring the role of colon cancer can better develop the application from a dietary therapy perspective. However, more in-depth studies of C. lentillifera polysaccharide on anti-colon cancer activity and mechanism are needed. In this study, we found that Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides (CLP) showed potential anti-colon cancer effect on human colon cancer cell HT29 in monolayer (IC50 = 1.954 mg/mL) and spheroid (IC50 = 0.402 mg/mL). Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed that CLP had an inhibitory effect on HT29 3D spheroid cells by activating aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis as well as arginine and proline metabolism pathways. Furthermore, the anti-colon cancer effects of CLP were confirmed through other human colon cancer cell HCT116 and LoVo in monolayer cells (IC50 = 1.890 mg/mL and 1.437 mg/mL, respectively) and 3D spheroid cells (IC50 = 0.344 mg/mL and 0.975 mg/mL, respectively), and three patient-derived organoids with IC50 values of 6.333-8.780 mg/mL. This study provided basic data for the potential application of CLP in adjuvant therapeutic food for colon cancer on multiple levels, while further investigation of detailed mechanism in vivo was still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zexin Chen
- Guangdong Research Center of Organoid Engineering and Technology, Guangzhou 510535, China; Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Danyi Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Io Nam Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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3
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Zhang H, Ling J. Serine mistranslation induces the integrated stress response without accumulation of uncharged tRNAs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.04.578812. [PMID: 38370842 PMCID: PMC10871240 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.04.578812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essential enzymes that support robust and accurate protein synthesis. A rapidly expanding number of studies show that mutations in aaRSs lead to multiple human diseases, including neurological disorders and cancer. Much remains unknown about how aaRS mutations impact human health. In particular, how aminoacylation errors affect stress responses and fitness in eukaryotic cells remains poorly understood. The integrated stress response (ISR) is an adaptive mechanism in response to multiple stresses. However, chronic activation of the ISR contributes to the development of multiple diseases (e.g., neuropathies). Here we show that Ser misincorporation into Ala and Thr codons, resulting from aaRS editing defects or mutations in tRNAs, constitutively active the ISR. Such activation does not appear to depend on the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs, implicating that Ser mistranslation may lead to ribosome stalling and collision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jiqiang Ling
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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4
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Wu J, Hollinger J, Bonanno E, Jiang F, Yao P. Cardiomyocyte-Specific Loss of Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA Synthetase Leads to Disturbed Protein Homeostasis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2023; 13:35. [PMID: 38201239 PMCID: PMC10778562 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS1), an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) ligating glutamic acid and proline to their corresponding tRNAs, plays an essential role in decoding proline codons during translation elongation. The physiological function of EPRS1 in cardiomyocytes (CMs) and the potential effects of the CM-specific loss of Eprs1 remain unknown. Here, we found that heterozygous Eprs1 knockout in CMs does not cause any significant changes in CM hypertrophy induced by pressure overload, while homozygous knockout leads to dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and lethality at around 1 month after Eprs1 deletion. The transcriptomic profiling of early-stage Eprs1 knockout hearts suggests a significantly decreased expression of multiple ion channel genes and an increased gene expression in proapoptotic pathways and integrated stress response. Proteomic analysis shows decreased protein expression in multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex components, fatty acids, and branched-chain amino acid metabolic enzymes, as well as a compensatory increase in cytosolic translation machine-related proteins. Immunoblot analysis indicates that multiple proline-rich proteins were reduced at the early stage, which might contribute to the cardiac dysfunction of Eprs1 knockout mice. Taken together, this study demonstrates the physiological and molecular outcomes of loss-of-function of Eprs1 in vivo and provides valuable insights into the potential side effects on CMs, resulting from the EPRS1-targeting therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbin Wu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jared Hollinger
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Emily Bonanno
- Undergraduate Program in Biology and Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA;
| | - Feng Jiang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (J.W.); (J.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Peng Yao
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (J.W.); (J.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- The Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- The Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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5
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Hu S, Zhang Y, Yi Q, Yang C, Liu Y, Bai Y. Time-resolved proteomic profiling reveals compositional and functional transitions across the stress granule life cycle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7782. [PMID: 38012130 PMCID: PMC10682001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic, membrane-less organelles. With their formation and disassembly processes characterized, it remains elusive how compositional transitions are coordinated during prolonged stress to meet changing functional needs. Here, using time-resolved proteomic profiling of the acute to prolonged heat-shock SG life cycle, we identify dynamic SG proteins, further segregated into early and late proteins. Comparison of different groups of SG proteins suggests that their biochemical properties help coordinate SG compositional and functional transitions. In particular, early proteins, with high phase-separation-propensity, drive the rapid formation of the initial SG platform, while late proteins are subsequently recruited as discrete modules to further functionalize SGs. This model, supported by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence imaging, provides a conceptual framework for the compositional transitions throughout the acute to prolonged SG life cycle. Additionally, an early SG constituent, non-muscle myosin II, is shown to promote SG formation by increasing SG fusion, underscoring the strength of this dataset in revealing the complexity of SG regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Yi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiwei Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Xia D, Wu R, Xue Q, Jiang G, Xu S. Metabolomics provides insights into acceleration of bone healing in fractured patients with traumatic brain injuries. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5733. [PMID: 37705144 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
While clinical surveys have frequently reported that patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and comorbidities experience faster healing, the underlying mechanisms have been investigated but remain unclear. As a comprehensive comparison and analysis of the metabolic characteristics of these two pathologies have not been undertaken, we developed a rat model of fracture and TBI and collected serum samples for metabolomic analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight MS (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). In total, we identified 40 differential metabolites and uncovered related pathways and potential mechanisms, including aminoacyl-transfer RNA biosynthesis; differential amino acids such as leucine, cholylhistidine, aspartyl-lysine; and related lipid metabolism, and discussed their impacts on bone formation in detail. This study highlights that the UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics approach offers a better understanding of the metabolic links between TBI and accelerated bone recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Xue
- Cinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gehan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Lee EY, Hwang J, Kim MH. Phosphocode-dependent glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1 signaling in immunity, metabolism, and disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2116-2126. [PMID: 37779151 PMCID: PMC10618286 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play essential roles in decoding genetic information required for protein synthesis in every living species. Growing evidence suggests that they also function as crossover mediators of multiple biological processes required for homeostasis. In humans, eight cytoplasmic tRNA synthetases form a central machinery called the multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The formation of MSCs appears to be essential for life, although the role of MSCs remains unclear. Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (EPRS1) is the most evolutionarily derived component within the MSC that plays a critical role in immunity and metabolism (beyond its catalytic role in translation) via stimulus-dependent phosphorylation events. This review focuses on the role of EPRS1 signaling in inflammation resolution and metabolic modulation. The involvement of EPRS1 in diseases such as cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jungwon Hwang
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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8
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Wu J, Hollinger J, Bonanno E, Jiang F, Yao P. Cardiomyocyte-specific Loss of Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA Synthetase Leads to Disturbed Protein Homeostasis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.19.558539. [PMID: 37790482 PMCID: PMC10542137 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.558539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS1), an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) ligating glutamic acid and proline to their corresponding tRNAs, plays an essential role in decoding proline codons during translation elongation. The physiological function of EPRS1 in cardiomyocytes (CMs) and the potential effects of CM-specific loss of EPRS1 remain unknown. Here, we found that heterozygous Eprs1 knockout in CMs does not cause any significant changes in CM hypertrophy induced by pressure overload, while homozygous knockout leads to dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and lethality at around 1 month after Eprs1 deletion. Transcriptomic profiling of early-stage Eprs1 knockout hearts suggests a significantly decreased expression of multiple ion channel genes and an increased gene expression in proapoptotic pathways and integrated stress response. Proteomic analysis shows decreased protein expression of multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex components, fatty acid, and branched-chain amino acid metabolic enzymes, as well as a compensatory increase in cytosolic translation machine-related proteins. Immunoblot analysis indicated that multiple proline-rich proteins were reduced at the early stage, which might contribute to cardiac dysfunction of Eprs1 knockout mice. Taken together, this study demonstrates the physiological and molecular outcome of loss-of-function of EPRS1 in vivo and provides valuable insights into the potential side effects on CMs resulting from the EPRS1-targeting therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbin Wu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
| | - Jared Hollinger
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
| | - Emily Bonanno
- Undergraduate Program in Biology and Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14620 USA
| | - Feng Jiang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
| | - Peng Yao
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
- The Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
- The Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
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9
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Jin D, Wek SA, Cordova RA, Wek RC, Lacombe D, Michaud V, Musier-Forsyth K. Aminoacylation-defective bi-allelic mutations in human EPRS1 associated with psychomotor developmental delay, epilepsy, and deafness. Clin Genet 2023; 103:358-363. [PMID: 36411955 PMCID: PMC9898101 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are enzymes that ensure accurate protein synthesis. Variants of the dual-functional cytoplasmic human glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase, EPRS1, have been associated with leukodystrophy, diabetes and bone disease. Here, we report compound heterozygous variants in EPRS1 in a 4-year-old female patient presenting with psychomotor developmental delay, seizures and deafness. Functional studies of these two missense mutations support major defects in enzymatic function in vitro and contributed to confirmation of the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Sheree A. Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA
| | - Ricardo A. Cordova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA
| | - Ronald C. Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Michaud
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Co-corresponding authors ,
| | - Karin Musier-Forsyth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
- Co-corresponding authors ,
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10
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Mann JP, Lenz D, Stamataki Z, Kelly D. Common mechanisms in pediatric acute liver failure. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:228-240. [PMID: 36496278 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare but potentially fatal disease in children. The etiology is multifactorial, including infection, autoimmune, and genetic disorders, as well as indeterminate hepatitis, which has a higher requirement for liver transplantation. Activation of the innate and adaptive immune systems leads to hepatocyte-specific injury which is mitigated by T regulatory cell activation. Recovery of the native liver depends on activation of apoptotic and regenerative pathways, including the integrated stress response (ISR; e.g., PERK), p53, and HNF4α. Loss-of-function mutations in these pathways cause recurrent ALF in response to non-hepatotropic viruses. Deeper understanding of these mechanisms will lead to improved diagnosis, management, and outcomes for pediatric ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake P Mann
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dominic Lenz
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Pediatric Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zania Stamataki
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deirdre Kelly
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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11
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Del Greco C, Antonellis A. The Role of Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial tRNA Charging Enzymes in Human Inherited Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122319. [PMID: 36553587 PMCID: PMC9777667 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are highly conserved essential enzymes that charge tRNA with cognate amino acids-the first step of protein synthesis. Of the 37 nuclear-encoded human ARS genes, 17 encode enzymes are exclusively targeted to the mitochondria (mt-ARSs). Mutations in nuclear mt-ARS genes are associated with rare, recessive human diseases with a broad range of clinical phenotypes. While the hypothesized disease mechanism is a loss-of-function effect, there is significant clinical heterogeneity among patients that have mutations in different mt-ARS genes and also among patients that have mutations in the same mt-ARS gene. This observation suggests that additional factors are involved in disease etiology. In this review, we present our current understanding of diseases caused by mutations in the genes encoding mt-ARSs and propose explanations for the observed clinical heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Del Greco
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Werlen G, Li ML, Tottone L, da Silva-Diz V, Su X, Herranz D, Jacinto E. Dietary glucosamine overcomes the defects in αβ-T cell ontogeny caused by the loss of de novo hexosamine biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7404. [PMID: 36456551 PMCID: PMC9715696 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell development requires the coordinated rearrangement of T cell receptor (TCR) gene segments and the expression of either αβ or γδ TCR. However, whether and how de novo synthesis of nutrients contributes to thymocyte commitment to either lineage remains unclear. Here, we find that T cell-specific deficiency in glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 1 (GFAT1), the rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (dn-HBP), attenuates hexosamine levels, blunts N-glycosylation of TCRβ chains, reduces surface expression of key developmental receptors, thus impairing αβ-T cell ontogeny. GFAT1 deficiency triggers defects in N-glycans, increases the unfolded protein response, and elevates γδ-T cell numbers despite reducing γδ-TCR diversity. Enhancing TCR expression or PI3K/Akt signaling does not reverse developmental defects. Instead, dietary supplementation with the salvage metabolite, glucosamine, and an α-ketoglutarate analogue partially restores αβ-T cell development in GFAT1T-/- mice, while fully rescuing it in ex vivo fetal thymic organ cultures. Thus, dn-HBP fulfils, while salvage nutrients partially satisfy, the elevated demand for hexosamines during early T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Werlen
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State Univ. of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Mei-Ling Li
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State Univ. of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Luca Tottone
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Dept. of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State Univ. of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL Miami, 33136 USA
| | - Victoria da Silva-Diz
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Dept. of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State Univ. of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Child Health Inst. of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State Univ. of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Daniel Herranz
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Dept. of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State Univ. of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Estela Jacinto
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State Univ. of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
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Turvey AK, Horvath GA, Cavalcanti ARO. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in human health and disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1029218. [PMID: 36330207 PMCID: PMC9623071 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1029218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (aaRSs) are an evolutionarily ancient family of enzymes that catalyze the esterification reaction linking a transfer RNA (tRNA) with its cognate amino acid matching the anticodon triplet of the tRNA. Proper functioning of the aaRSs to create aminoacylated (or “charged”) tRNAs is required for efficient and accurate protein synthesis. Beyond their basic canonical function in protein biosynthesis, aaRSs have a surprisingly diverse array of non-canonical functions that are actively being defined. The human genome contains 37 genes that encode unique aaRS proteins. To date, 56 human genetic diseases caused by damaging variants in aaRS genes have been described: 46 are autosomal recessive biallelic disorders and 10 are autosomal dominant monoallelic disorders. Our appreciation of human diseases caused by damaging genetic variants in the aaRSs has been greatly accelerated by the advent of next-generation sequencing, with 89% of these gene discoveries made since 2010. In addition to these genetic disorders of the aaRSs, anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory myopathy that involves the production of autoantibodies that disrupt aaRS proteins. This review provides an overview of the basic biology of aaRS proteins and describes the rapidly growing list of human diseases known to be caused by genetic variants or autoimmune targeting that affect both the canonical and non-canonical functions of these essential proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K. Turvey
- Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexandra K. Turvey,
| | - Gabriella A. Horvath
- Division of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Adult Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sissler M. Decoding the impact of disease-causing mutations in an essential aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101386. [PMID: 34752820 PMCID: PMC8626572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are housekeeping enzymes that catalyze the specific attachment of amino acids onto cognate tRNAs, providing building blocks for ribosomal protein synthesis. Owing to the absolutely essential nature of these enzymes, the possibility that mutations in their sequence could be the underlying cause of diseases had not been foreseen. However, we are learning of patients bearing familial mutations in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases at an exponential rate. In a recent issue of JBC, Jin et al. analyzed the impact of two such mutations in the very special bifunctional human glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase and convincingly decode how these mutations elicit the integrated stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sissler
- ARNA - UMR5320 CNRS - U1212 INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, IECB, Pessac, France.
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