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Schmidt VM, Zelger P, Woess C, Pallua AK, Arora R, Degenhart G, Brunner A, Zelger B, Schirmer M, Rabl W, Pallua JD. Application of Micro-Computed Tomography for the Estimation of the Post-Mortem Interval of Human Skeletal Remains. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081105. [PMID: 35892961 PMCID: PMC9331256 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
It is challenging to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI) of skeletal remains within a forensic context. As a result of their interactions with the environment, bones undergo several chemical and physical changes after death. So far, multiple methods have been used to follow up on post-mortem changes. There is, however, no definitive way to estimate the PMI of skeletal remains. This research aimed to propose a methodology capable of estimating the PMI using micro-computed tomography measurements of 104 human skeletal remains with PMIs between one day and 2000 years. The present study indicates that micro-computed tomography could be considered an objective and precise method of PMI evaluation in forensic medicine. The measured parameters show a significant difference regarding the PMI for Cort Porosity p < 0.001, BV/TV p > 0.001, Mean1 p > 0.001 and Mean2 p > 0.005. Using a machine learning approach, the neural network showed an accuracy of 99% for distinguishing between samples with a PMI of less than 100 years and archaeological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena-Maria Schmidt
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.-M.S.); (C.W.); (W.R.)
| | - Philipp Zelger
- University Clinic for Hearing, Voice and Speech Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Claudia Woess
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.-M.S.); (C.W.); (W.R.)
| | - Anton K. Pallua
- Former Institute for Computed Tomography-Neuro CT, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Rohit Arora
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Gerald Degenhart
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Andrea Brunner
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology, Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.B.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bettina Zelger
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology, Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.B.); (B.Z.)
| | - Michael Schirmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Walter Rabl
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.-M.S.); (C.W.); (W.R.)
| | - Johannes D. Pallua
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Correspondence:
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Yamada S, Fukasawa K, Suzuki Y, Takahashi Y, Todoh M, Tadano S. The role of geometrical features of the microarchitecture in the cancellous stiffness of the bovine femoral bone. Med Eng Phys 2022; 105:103823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Skic A, Puzio I, Tymicki G, Kołodziej P, Pawłowska-Olszewska M, Skic K, Beer-Lech K, Bieńko M, Gołacki K. Effect of Nesfatin-1 on Rat Humerus Mechanical Properties under Quasi-Static and Impact Loading Conditions. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15010333. [PMID: 35009479 PMCID: PMC8746063 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The investigations on the response of bone tissue under different loading conditions are important from clinical and engineering points of view. In this paper, the influence of nesfatin-1 administration on rat humerus mechanical properties was analyzed. The classical three-point bending and impact tests were carried out for three rat bone groups: control (SHO), the humerus of animals under the conditions of established osteopenia (OVX), and bones of rats receiving nesfatin-1 after ovariectomy (NES). The experiments proved that the bone strength parameters measured under various mechanical loading conditions increased after the nesfatin-1 administration. The OVX bones were most susceptible to deformation and had the smallest fracture toughness. The SEM images of humerus fracture surface in this group showed that ovariectomized rats had a much looser bone structure compared to the SHO and NES females. Loosening of the bone structure was also confirmed by the densitometric and qualitative EDS analysis, showing a decrease in the OVX bones’ mineral content. The samples of the NES group were characterized by the largest values of maximum force obtained under both quasi-static and impact conditions. The energies absorbed during the impact and the critical energy for fracture (from the three-point bending test) were similar for the SHO and NES groups. Statistically significant differences were observed between the mean Fi max values of all analyzed sample groups. The obtained results suggest that the impact test was more sensitive than the classical quasi-static three-point bending one. Hence, Fi max could be used as a parameter to predict bone fracture toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.-L.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Iwona Puzio
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (G.T.); (M.P.-O.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Grzegorz Tymicki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (G.T.); (M.P.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Paweł Kołodziej
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.-L.); (K.G.)
| | - Marta Pawłowska-Olszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (G.T.); (M.P.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Kamil Skic
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Beer-Lech
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.-L.); (K.G.)
| | - Marek Bieńko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (G.T.); (M.P.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Gołacki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.-L.); (K.G.)
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Holzer G, Hobusch G, Hansen S, Fischer L, Patsch JM. Is There an Association Between Bone Microarchitecture and Fracture in Patients who were Treated for High-grade Osteosarcoma? A Controlled Study at Long-term Follow-up Using High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative CT. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2021; 479:2493-2501. [PMID: 34077400 PMCID: PMC8509943 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with primary osteosarcoma improves survival rates, but it also causes side effects in various organs including bone. Low bone mineral density (BMD) can occur owing partly to chemotherapy or limited mobility. This can cause a higher risk of fractures compared with those who do not receive such treatment. Changes in BMD alone cannot explain the propensity of fractures. Studying microarchitectural changes of bone might help to understand the effect. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Do patients who were treated for osteosarcoma (more than 20 years previously) have low BMD? (2) Do these patients experience more fractures than controls who do not have osteosarcoma? (3) What differences in bone microarchitecture are present between patients treated for high-grade osteosarcoma and individuals who have never had osteosarcoma? METHODS We contacted 48 patients who were treated for osteosarcoma and who participated in an earlier study. These patients underwent multimodal treatment including chemotherapy more than 20 years ago. Of the original patient group, 60% (29 of 48) were missing, leaving 40% (19 of 48) available for inclusion in this study; all 19 agreed to participate. There were nine men and 10 women with a mean age of 46 ± 4 years and a mean time from surgery to examination of 28 ± 3 years. BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and any fracture history was assessed using a questionnaire. Additionally, high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT was performed to compare the groups in terms of microarchitectural changes, such as cortical and trabecular area, cortical and trabecular thickness, cortical porosity, and endocortical perimeter. Participants in the control group were selected from a cohort consisting of a population-based random sample of 499 healthy adult women and men. Osteoporosis or low BMD was not an exclusion criterion for entering this study; however, the patients in the control group were selected based on a normal BMD (that is, T score > -1.0 at both the spine and hip). Also, the participants were matched based on age and sex. Differences between patients and controls were assessed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables and a chi-square test for categorical variables. A multiple regression analysis was performed. Model assumptions were checked using histograms and quantile-quantile plots of residuals. RESULTS Twelve of 19 patients who were treated for osteosarcoma had either osteopenia (eight patients) or osteoporosis (four patients). More patients with osteosarcoma reported sustaining fractures (11 of 19 patients) than did control patients (2 of 19 controls; p < 0.001). Among all microarchitectural parameters, only the endocortical perimeter was increased in patients compared with the control group (75 ± 15 mm versus 62 ± 18 mm; p = 0.04); we found no differences between the groups in terms of cortical and trabecular area, cortical and trabecular thickness, or cortical porosity. CONCLUSION Although patients who were treated for osteosarcoma had osteopenic or osteoporotic BMD and a higher proportion of patients experienced fractures than did patients in the control group, we could not confirm differences in microarchitectural parameters using high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT. Therefore, it seems that bone geometry and microstructural parameters are not likely the cause of the increased proportion of fractures observed in our patients who were treated for osteosarcoma. Until we learn more about the bone changes associated with chemotherapy in patients with osteosarcoma, we recommend that patients undergo regular BMD testing, and we recommend that physicians consider osteoporosis treatment in patients with low BMD. These data might provide the impetus for future multicenter prospective studies examining the association between chemotherapy and bone microarchitecture. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerold Holzer
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hobusch
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stinus Hansen
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lukas Fischer
- Software Competence Center Hagenberg, Hagenberg, Austria
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janina M. Patsch
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Du J, Li S, Silberschmidt VV. Remodelling of trabecular bone in human distal tibia: A model based on an in-vivo HR-pQCT study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104506. [PMID: 33865068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An abnormal remodelling process of bones can lead to various bone disorders, such as osteoporosis, making them prone to fracture. Simulations of load-induced remodelling of trabecular bone were used to investigate its response to mechanical signal. However, the role of mechanostat in trabecular-bone remodelling has not yet been investigated in simulations underpinned by a longitudinal in-vivo study in humans. In this work, a finite-element model based on a 6-month longitudinal in-vivo HR-pQCT study was developed and validated to investigate the effect of mechanical stimuli on bone remodelling. The simulated changes in microstructural parameters and density of trabecular bone were compared with respective experimental results. A maximum principal strain (MPS) and a maximum principal strain gradient (∇MPS) were used as mechanical signals to drive a five-stage mechanostat remodelling model, including additional over-strain and damage stages. It was found that the density distribution varied with the studied mechanical signals, along with decreasing with time levels of bone volume fraction BV/TV, trabecular thickness Tb.Th and bone surface area Tb.BS as well as increased trabecular separation Tb.Sp. Among these parameters, BV/TV and Tb.Th together with the bone-remodelling parameters from the MPS model demonstrated a significant correlation with the experimental data. The developed model provides a good foundation for further development and investigation of the relationships between mechanical loading and human-bone microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Simin Li
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Vadim V Silberschmidt
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Simulation analysis of impact damage to the bone tissue surrounding a dental implant. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6927. [PMID: 32332927 PMCID: PMC7181623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implant may suffer transient external impacts. To simulate the effect of impact forces on bone damage is very important for evaluation of damage and guiding treatment in clinics. In this study, an animal model was established by inserting an implant into the femoral condyle of New Zealand rabbit. Implant with good osseointegration was loaded with impact force. A three-dimensional finite element model was established based on the data of the animal model. Damage process to bone tissue was simulated with Abaqus 6.13 software combining dynamic mechanical properties of the femur. The characteristics of bone damage were analyzed by comparing the results of animal testing with numerical simulation data. After impact, cortical bone around the implant and trabecular at the bottom of the implant were prone to damage. The degree of damage correlated with the direction of loading and the magnitude of the impact. Lateral loading was most likely performed to damage cancellous bone. The stress wave formed by the impact force can damage the implant–bone interface and peri-implant trabeculae. The data from numerical simulations were consistent with data from animal experiments, highlighting the importance of a thorough examination and evaluation based on the patient’s medical history.
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7
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Wöss C, Unterberger SH, Degenhart G, Akolkar A, Traxl R, Kuhn V, Schirmer M, Pallua AK, Tappert R, Pallua JD. Comparison of structure and composition of a fossil Champsosaurus vertebra with modern Crocodylidae vertebrae: A multi-instrumental approach. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103668. [PMID: 32174426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Information on the adaptation of bone structures during evolution is rare since histological data are limited. Micro- and nano-computed tomography of a fossilized vertebra from Champsosaurus sp., which has an estimated age of 70-73 million years, revealed lower porosity and higher bone density compared to modern Crocodylidae vertebrae. Mid-infrared reflectance and energy dispersive X-ray mapping excluded a petrification process, and demonstrated a typical carbonate apatite distribution, confirming histology in light- and electron microscopy of the preserved vertebra. As a consequence of this evolutionary process, the two vertebrae of modern Crocodylidae show reduced overall stiffness in the finite element analysis simulation compared to the fossilized Champsosaurus sp. vertebra, with predominant stiffness along the longitudinal z-axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wöss
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S H Unterberger
- Unit for Material Technology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Degenhart
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Akolkar
- Illwerke vkw Professorship for Energy Efficiency, Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences, Hochschulstraße 1, 6850, Dornbirn, Austria; Josef Ressel Center for Applied Computational Science in Energy, Finance, and Logistics, Hochschulstraße 1, 6850, Dornbirn, Austria
| | - R Traxl
- Unit for Material Technology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - V Kuhn
- Department of Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Schirmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A K Pallua
- Former Institute for Computed Tomography-Neuro CT, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Tappert
- Hyperspectral Intelligence Inc., Box 851, Gibsons, British Columbia, V0N 1V0, Canada
| | - J D Pallua
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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8
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Beresheim AC, Pfeiffer S, Grynpas M. Ontogenetic changes to bone microstructure in an archaeologically derived sample of human ribs. J Anat 2019; 236:448-462. [PMID: 31729033 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable variation in the gross morphology and tissue properties among the bones of human infants, children, adolescents, and adults. Using 18 known-age individuals (nfemale = 8, nmale = 9, nunknown = 1; birth to 21 years old), from a well-documented cemetery collection, Spitalfields Christ Church, London, UK, this study explores growth-related changes in cortical and trabecular bone microstructure. Micro-CT scans of mid-shaft middle thoracic ribs are used for quantitative analysis. Results are then compared to previously quantified conventional histomorphometry of the same sample. Total area (Tt.Ar), cortical area (Ct.Ar), cortical thickness (Ct.Th), and the major (Maj.Dm) and minor (Min.Dm) diameters of the rib demonstrate positive correlations with age. Pore density (Po.Dn) increases, but age-related changes to cortical porosity (Ct.Po) appear to be non-linear. Trabecular thickness (Tb.th) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) increase with age, whereas trabecular bone pattern factor (Tb.Pf), structural model index (SMI), and connectivity density (Conn.D) decrease with age. Sex-based differences were not identified for any of the variables included in this study. Some samples display clear evidence of diagenetic alteration without corresponding changes in radiopacity, which compromises the reliability of bone mineral density (BMD) data in the study of past populations. Cortical porosity data are not correlated with two-dimensional measures of osteon population density (OPD). This suggests that unfilled resorption spaces contribute more significantly to cortical porosity than do the Haversian canals of secondary osteons. Continued research using complementary imaging techniques and a wide array of histological variables will increase our understanding of age- and sex-specific ontogenetic patterns within and among human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Beresheim
- Department of Anatomy, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Susan Pfeiffer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marc Grynpas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Bravo AE, Osnaya LC, Ramírez EI, Jacobo VH, Ortiz A. The effect of bone marrow on the mechanical behavior of porcine trabecular bone. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab4dc0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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An Investigation on the Correlation between the Mechanical Properties of Human Skull Bone, Its Geometry, Microarchitectural Properties, and Water Content. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2019; 2019:6515797. [PMID: 31249655 PMCID: PMC6556309 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6515797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With increasingly detailed imaging and mechanical analysis, modalities need arises to update methodology and assessment criteria for skull bone analysis to understand how bone microarchitecture and the presence of attached tissues may affect the response to mechanical load. The main aim was to analyze the effect of macroscopic and microstructural features, as well as periosteal attachment, on the mechanical properties of human skull bone. Fifty-six skull specimens from ethanol-phenoxyethanol-embalmed cadavers were prepared from two human cadavers. Assuming symmetry of the skull, all samples from one-half each were stripped of periosteum and dura mater, while the soft tissues were kept intact on the remaining samples on the contralateral side. The specimens were analyzed using microcomputed tomography to assess trabecular connectivity density, total surface area, and volume ratio. The specimens were loaded under three-point bend tests until fracture with optical co-registration. The bone fragments were then lyophilized to measure their water content. With increasingly detailed imaging and mechanical analysis modalities, there is a need to update methodology and assessment criteria for skull bone analysis to understand how the bone microarchitecture and the presence of attached tissues may affect the response to mechanical load. The mechanical properties were negatively correlated to bone thickness and water content. Conversely, most microarchitectural features did not influence either mechanical parameter. The correlation between mechanical response data and morphologic properties remains similar between the results of embalmed tissues presented here and fresh osseous tissue from literature data. The findings presented here add to the existing methodology to assess human skull for research purposes. The interaction between most microarchitectural features in ethanol-phenoxyethanol-embalmed embalmed skull samples and bending stress appear to be minute.
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Rotbaum Y, Puiu C, Rittel D, Domingos M. Quasi-static and dynamic in vitro mechanical response of 3D printed scaffolds with tailored pore size and architectures. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 96:176-182. [PMID: 30606523 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold-based Tissue Engineering represents the most promising approach for the regeneration of load bearing skeletal tissues, in particular bone and cartilage. Scaffolds play major role in this process by providing a physical template for cells to adhere and proliferate whilst ensuring an adequate biomechanical support at the defect site. Whereas the quasi static mechanical properties of porous polymeric scaffolds are well documented, the response of these constructs under high strain compressive rates remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigates, for the first time, the influence of pore size and geometry on the mechanical behaviour of Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds under quasi static and dynamic conditions. 3D printed scaffolds with varied pore sizes and geometries were obtained using different filament distances (FD) and lay-down patterns, respectively. In particular, by fixing the lay-down pattern at 0/90° and varying the FD between 480 and 980 μm it was possible to generate scaffolds with square pores with dimensions in the range of 150-650 μm and porosities of 59-79%. On the other hand, quadrangular, hexagonal, triangular and complex pore geometries with constant porosity (approx. 70%) were obtained at a fixed FD of 680 μm and imposing four different lay-down patterns of 0/90, 0/60/120, 0/45/90/135 and 0/30/60/90/120/150°, respectively. The mechanical response of printed scaffolds was assessed under two different compression loading regimes spanning five distinct strain rates, from 10-2 to 2000 s-1, using two different apparatus: a conventional screw-driven testing machine (Instron 4483) and a Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) equipped with a set of A201 Flexi-force™ (FF) force sensors and a pulse shaper. Our results show that the mechanical properties of PCL scaffolds are not strain rate sensitive between 1300 and 2000 s-1 and these strongly depend on the pore size (porosity) rather than pore geometry. Those findings are extremely relevant for the engineering of bone tissue scaffolds with enhanced mechanical stability by providing new data describing the mechanical response of these constructs at high strain rates as well as the at the transition between quasi static and dynamic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rotbaum
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - C Puiu
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, UK
| | - D Rittel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - M Domingos
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, UK.
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12
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Enns-Bray WS, Ferguson SJ, Helgason B. Strain rate dependency of bovine trabecular bone under impact loading at sideways fall velocity. J Biomech 2018; 75:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Huang L, Xu J, Guo H, Wang Y, Zhao J, Sun J. Quantitative study of the influence of swimming therapy on osteoporosis rat models based on synchrotron radiation computed tomogaphy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:793-800. [PMID: 29714190 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751800276x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone disease with a variety of causes, leading to bone pain and fragility to fracture. Major treatment methods include nutrition therapy, exercise therapy, drug therapy and surgical treatment, among which exercise therapy, such as swimming, is the most effective. To investigate the optimal swimming therapy regime for postmenopausal women, the effects of eight weeks of different intensity swimming exercises were studied in rat models. After the swimming program, lumbar vertebrae were dissected from all the rats and scanned by synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT). Histomorphometry analysis and finite-element analysis were carried out on the trabecular structure of the L4 lumbar based on the acquired SRCT slices. Histomorphometry analysis showed that swimming can alleviate the decrease in bone strength induced by estrogen deficiency, and moderate-intensity swimming was found to have the most significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai No. 6 People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Guo
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Cas, 239 Zhangzheng Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqi Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Abdala-Júnior R, Cortes ARG, Aoki EM, Ferreira S, Luz JGC, Arita ES, de Oliveira JX. Impact of Temporomandibular Joint Discectomy on Condyle Morphology: An Animal Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 76:955.e1-955.e5. [PMID: 29362166 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Temporomandibular disorders lead to parafunctional activity that may alter bone remodeling of mandibular components. This animal study aimed to assess the impact of temporomandibular joint discectomy on condylar bone microarchitecture. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 one-month-old Wistar rats were assessed and divided into 3 equal groups (2 test groups and 1 control group) of 10. The first test group underwent disc removal, the second test group underwent disc and condylar cartilage removal, and the 10 remaining rats were analyzed as sham-operated controls, following a split-mouth design. The rats were killed humanely 2 months after surgery, and the respective mandibles were scanned with micro-computed tomography for quantitative morphometric analysis. RESULTS There were significant differences among the 3 groups analyzed (disc removal, disc and condylar cartilage removal, and sham-operated control) for bone volume fraction (ratio of bone volume to total volume, P = .044), structure model index (P < .001), fractal dimension (P = .024), and porosity (P = .023). In addition, operated and contralateral nonoperated sides significantly differed for all variables in at least 1 of the test groups (P < .05) but not in the control group (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, our results suggest that discectomy may lead to alterations of the mandibular condylar morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Abdala-Júnior
- Graduate Student, Oral Radiology Division, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Arthur Rodriguez Gonzalez Cortes
- Postgraduate Fellow, Oral Radiology Division, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eduardo Massaharu Aoki
- Graduate Student, Oral Radiology Division, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Ferreira
- Researcher, Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Gualberto Cerqueira Luz
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emiko Saito Arita
- Associate Professor, Oral Radiology Division, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Prot M, Cloete T, Saletti D, Laporte S. The behavior of cancellous bone from quasi-static to dynamic strain rates with emphasis on the intermediate regime. J Biomech 2016; 49:1050-1057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Xu W, Xu J, Zhao J, Sun J. Quantitative study of osteoporosis model based on synchrotron radiation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:6378-81. [PMID: 26737752 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the changes of different periods of primary osteoporosis, we made quantitative analysis of osteoporosis using synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT), together with histomorphometry analysis and finite element analysis (FEA). Tibias, femurs and lumbar vertebras were dissected from sham-ovariectomy rats and ovariectomized rats suffering from osteoporosis at certain time points. The samples were scanned by SRCT and then FEA was applied based on reconstructed slices. Histomorphometry analysis showed that the structure of some trabecular in osteoporosis degraded as the bone volume decreased, for femurs, the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) decreased from 69% to 43%. That led to the increase of the thickness of trabecular separation (from 45.05μm to 97.09μm) and the reduction of the number of trabecular (from 7.99 mm(-1) to 5.97mm(-1)). Simulation of various mechanical tests indicated that, with the exacerbation of osteoporosis, the bones' ability of resistance to compression, bending and torsion gradually became weaker. The compression stiffness decreased from 1770.96 Fμm(-1) to 697.41 Fμm(-1), and it matched the histomorphometry analysis. This study suggested that the combination of both analysis could quantitatively analyze the bone strength in good accuracy.
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17
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Dubois G, Prot M, Laporte S, Cloete T. What is the recommended size of a Volume of Interest for cancellous bone? A skeleton-based study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015; 18 Suppl 1:1932-3. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1069574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Dubois
- LBM/Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpark, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - M. Prot
- LBM/Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpark, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - S. Laporte
- LBM/Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpark, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - T.J. Cloete
- Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town (UCT), Rondebosch, South Africa
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18
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Prot M, Dubois G, Cloete TJ, Saletti D, Laporte S. Fracture characterization in cancellous bone specimens via surface difference evaluation of 3D registered pre- and post-compression micro-CT scans. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015; 18 Suppl 1:2030-1. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1069608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Prot
- LBM/Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpark, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - G. Dubois
- LBM/Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpark, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - T. J. Cloete
- Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town (UCT), Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | | - S. Laporte
- LBM/Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpark, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Paris, France
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Latella C, Dotta M, Forni D, Tesio N, Cadoni E. Influence of strain rate on the mechanical behaviour in tension of bovine cortical bone. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159403001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Prot M, Cloete T, Saletti D, Laporte S. Intermediate strain rate behaviour of cancellous bone: Links between microstructural and mechanical properties. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159403006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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