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Lo HH, Chang HC, Wu YJ, Liao CT, Hsiao YM. Functional characterization and transcriptional analysis of degQ of Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300441. [PMID: 38470163 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
High-temperature-requirement protein A (HtrA) family proteins play important roles in controlling protein quality and are recognized as virulence factors in numerous animal and human bacterial pathogens. The role of HtrA family proteins in plant pathogens remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the HtrA family protein, DegQ, in the crucifer black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (Xcc). DegQ is essential for bacterial attachment and full virulence of Xcc. Moreover, the degQ mutant strain showed increased sensitivity to heat treatment and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Expressing the intact degQ gene in trans in the degQ mutant could reverse the observed phenotypic changes. In addition, we demonstrated that the DegQ protein exhibited chaperone-like activity. Transcriptional analysis displayed that degQ expression was induced under heat treatment. Our results contribute to understanding the function and expression of DegQ of Xcc for the first time and provide a novel perspective about HtrA family proteins in plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Hsia Lo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jyun Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tsai Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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2
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Struck B, Wiersma SJ, Ortseifen V, Pühler A, Niehaus K. Comprehensive Proteome Profiling of a Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris B100 Culture Grown in Minimal Medium with a Specific Focus on Nutrient Consumption and Xanthan Biosynthesis. Proteomes 2024; 12:12. [PMID: 38651371 PMCID: PMC11036225 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes12020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Xanthan, a bacterial polysaccharide, is widespread in industrial applications, particularly as a food additive. However, little is known about the process of xanthan synthesis on the proteome level, even though Xanthomonas campestris is frequently used for xanthan fermentation. A label-free LC-MS/MS method was employed to study the protein changes during xanthan fermentation in minimal medium. According to the reference database, 2416 proteins were identified, representing 54.75 % of the proteome. The study examined changes in protein abundances concerning the growth phase and xanthan productivity. Throughout the experiment, changes in nitrate concentration appeared to affect the abundance of most proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism, except Gdh and GlnA. Proteins involved in sugar nucleotide metabolism stay unchanged across all growth phases. Apart from GumD, GumB, and GumC, the gum proteins showed no significant changes throughout the experiment. GumD, the first enzyme in the assembly of the xanthan-repeating unit, peaked during the early stationary phase but decreased during the late stationary phase. GumB and GumC, which are involved in exporting xanthan, increased significantly during the stationary phase. This study suggests that a potential bottleneck for xanthan productivity does not reside in the abundance of proteins directly involved in the synthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Struck
- Department of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany (S.J.W.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Sanne Jitske Wiersma
- Department of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany (S.J.W.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Vera Ortseifen
- Department of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany (S.J.W.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Department of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany (S.J.W.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
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3
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de Souza F, Gupta RK. Bacteria for Bioplastics: Progress, Applications, and Challenges. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8666-8686. [PMID: 38434856 PMCID: PMC10905720 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bioplastics are one of the answers that can point society toward a sustainable future. Under this premise, the synthesis of polymers with competitive properties using low-cost starting materials is a highly desired factor in the industry. Also, tackling environmental issues such as nonbiodegradable waste generation, high carbon footprint, and consumption of nonrenewable resources are some of the current concerns worldwide. The scientific community has been placing efforts into the biosynthesis of polymers using bacteria and other microbes. These microorganisms can be convenient reactors to consume food and agricultural wastes and convert them into biopolymers with inherently attractive properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and appreciable mechanical and chemical properties. Such biopolymers can be applied to several fields such as packing, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, medical, biomedical, and agricultural. Thus, intending to elucidate the science of microbes to produce polymers, this review starts with a brief introduction to bioplastics by describing their importance and the methods for their production. The second section dives into the importance of bacteria regarding the biochemical routes for the synthesis of polymers along with their advantages and disadvantages. The third section covers some of the main parameters that influence biopolymers' production. Some of the main applications of biopolymers along with a comparison between the polymers obtained from microorganisms and the petrochemical-based ones are presented. Finally, some discussion about the future aspects and main challenges in this field is provided to elucidate the main issues that should be tackled for the wide application of microorganisms for the preparation of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe
Martins de Souza
- National
Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburgh
State University, 1204 Research Road, Pittsburgh, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Ram K. Gupta
- National
Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburgh
State University, 1204 Research Road, Pittsburgh, Kansas 66762, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pittsburgh State University, 1701 South Broadway Street, Pittsburgh, Kansas 66762, United States
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4
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Bandyopadhyay NC, Gautam S. Programmed cell death in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines is associated with modulation of gene expression resulting in altered states of motility, biofilm and virulence. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104137. [PMID: 37716444 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the foremost report of apoptosis-like programmed cell death (PCD) came from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag), which displayed rapid post-exponential cell death in PCD inducing media (PIM) but not in a non-inducing media (PNIM). The current study aims to decipher for the first time, the advantages of the existence of PCD in this phytopathogenic microorganism. Analysis of RNA-seq under inducing and non-inducing conditions, revealed differential expression of a number of genes related to key physiology of Xag, such as, motility, xanthan biosynthesis and export as well as virulence. A PCD negative mutant Xag M42 displayed diminished virulence and a contrasting transcriptome pattern. In vitro experiments revealed that under PCD inducing condition, Xag produced negligible xanthan gum as well as extracellular amylase, displayed enhanced swarming motility, released copious e-DNA and formed scanty biofilm. Lack of 'diffusible signalling factor' production was eliminated as possible reason for PCD-induction. Altogether, it appears that, in planta existence of the pathogen metabolically resembles PNIM, and on being transferred to PIM, the cells experience oxidative stress and circumvents it by adopting PCD as an altruistic response. Survival of the remaining population is encouraged by upregulating motility, detachment from the fragile biofilm to achieve dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilantana C Bandyopadhyay
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Satyendra Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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5
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Furlanetto V, Divne C. LolA and LolB from the plant-pathogen Xanthomonas campestris forms a stable heterodimeric complex in the absence of lipoprotein. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1216799. [PMID: 37502397 PMCID: PMC10368991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas campestris is one of the most problematic phytopathogens, and especially the pathovar campestris (Xcc) that causes a devastating plant disease known as black rot and it is of considerable interest to understand the molecular mechanisms that enable virulence and pathogenicity. Gram-negative bacteria depend on lipoproteins (LPs) that serve many important functions including control of cell shape and integrity, biogenesis of the outer membrane (OM) and establishment of transport pathways across the periplasm. The LPs are localized to the OM where they are attached via a lipid anchor by a process known as the localization of lipoprotein (Lol) pathway. Once a lipid anchor has been synthesized on the nascent LP, the Lol pathway is initiated by a membrane-bound ABC transporter that extracts the lipid anchor of the LP from the IM. The ABC extractor presents the extracted LP to the transport protein LolA, which binds the anchor and thereby shields it from the hydrophilic periplasmic milieu. It is assumed that LolA then carries the LP across the periplasm to the OM. At the periplasmic face of the OM, the LP cargo is delivered to LolB, which completes the Lol pathway by inserting the LP anchor in the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. Earlier studies have shown that loss of Xcc LolA or LolB leads to decreased virulence and pathogenicity during plant infection, which motivates studies to better understand the Lol system in Xcc. In this study, we report the first experimental structure of a complex between LolA and LolB. The crystal structure reveals a stable LolA-LolB complex in the absence of LP. The structural integrity of the LP-free complex is safeguarded by specific protein-protein interactions that do not coincide with interactions predicted to participate in lipid binding. The results allow us to identify structural determinants that enable Xcc LolA to dock with LolB and initiate LP transfer.
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6
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Netrusov AI, Liyaskina EV, Kurgaeva IV, Liyaskina AU, Yang G, Revin VV. Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1541. [PMID: 37375041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are essential natural biopolymers used in different areas including biomedicine, food, cosmetic, petroleum, and pharmaceuticals and also in environmental remediation. The interest in them is primarily due to their unique structure and properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, higher purity, hydrophilic nature, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antibacterial, and immune-modulating and prebiotic activities. The present review summarizes the current research progress on bacterial EPSs including their properties, biological functions, and promising applications in the various fields of science, industry, medicine, and technology, as well as characteristics and the isolation sources of EPSs-producing bacterial strains. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in the study of such important industrial exopolysaccharides as xanthan, bacterial cellulose, and levan. Finally, current study limitations and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Netrusov
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, High School of Economics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Liyaskina
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Irina V Kurgaeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Alexandra U Liyaskina
- Institute of the World Ocean, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Viktor V Revin
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
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7
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Hasani Zadeh P, Fermoso FG, Collins G, Serrano A, Mills S, Abram F. Impacts of metal stress on extracellular microbial products, and potential for selective metal recovery. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114604. [PMID: 36758509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing microbial capabilities for metal recovery from secondary waste sources is an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for the management of metal-containing wastes. Soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are the two main groups of extracellular compounds produced by microorganisms in response to metal stress that are of great importance for remediation and recovery of metals. These include various high-, and low, molecular weight components, which serve various functional and structural roles. These compounds often contain functional groups with metal binding potential that can attenuate metal stress by sequestering metal ions, making them less bioavailable. Microorganisms can regulate the content and composition of EPS and SMP in response to metal stress in order to increase the compounds specificity and capacity for metal binding. Thus, EPS and SMP represent ideal candidates for developing technologies for selective metal recovery from complex wastes. To discover highly metal-sorptive compounds with specific metal binding affinity for metal recovery applications, it is necessary to investigate the metal binding affinity of these compounds, especially under metal stressed conditions. In this review we critically reviewed microbial EPS and SMP production as a response to metal stress with a particular emphasis on the metal binding properties of these compounds and their role in altering metal bioavailability. Furthermore, for the first time, we compiled the available data on potential application of these compounds for selective metal recovery from waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Hasani Zadeh
- Bioprocesses for the Circular Economy Group, Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain; Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Fernando G Fermoso
- Bioprocesses for the Circular Economy Group, Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Gavin Collins
- Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Simon Mills
- Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Florence Abram
- Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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8
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Dueholm MKD, Besteman M, Zeuner EJ, Riisgaard-Jensen M, Nielsen ME, Vestergaard SZ, Heidelbach S, Bekker NS, Nielsen PH. Genetic potential for exopolysaccharide synthesis in activated sludge bacteria uncovered by genome-resolved metagenomics. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119485. [PMID: 36538841 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A good floc formation of activated sludge (AS) is crucial for solid-liquid separation and production of clean effluent during wastewater treatment. Floc formation is partly controlled by self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as exopolysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Little is known about the composition, structure, and function of EPS in AS and which bacteria produce them. To address this knowledge gap for the exopolysaccharides, we took advantage of 1083 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) obtained from 23 Danish wastewater treatment plants. We investigated the genomic potential for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in bacterial species typical in AS systems based on genome mining and gene synteny analyses. Putative gene clusters associated with the biosynthesis of alginate, cellulose, curdlan, diutan, hyaluronic acids, Pel, poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (PNAG), Psl, S88 capsular polysaccharide, salecan, succinoglycan, and xanthan were identified and linked to individual MAGs, providing a comprehensive overview of the genome-resolved potential for these exopolysaccharides in AS bacteria. The approach and results provide a starting point for a more comprehensive understanding of EPS composition in wastewater treatment systems, which may facilitate a more refined regulation of the activated sludge process for improved stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Kam Dahl Dueholm
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Maaike Besteman
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Emil Juel Zeuner
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marie Riisgaard-Jensen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Morten Eneberg Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sofie Zacho Vestergaard
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Heidelbach
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Sundgaard Bekker
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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9
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Balíková K, Farkas B, Matúš P, Urík M. Prospects of Biogenic Xanthan and Gellan in Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Waters. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235326. [PMID: 36501719 PMCID: PMC9737242 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosorption is considered an effective technique for the treatment of heavy-metal-bearing wastewaters. In recent years, various biogenic products, including native and functionalized biopolymers, have been successfully employed in technologies aiming for the environmentally sustainable immobilization and removal of heavy metals at contaminated sites, including two commercially available heteropolysaccharides-xanthan and gellan. As biodegradable and non-toxic fermentation products, xanthan and gellan have been successfully tested in various remediation techniques. Here, to highlight their prospects as green adsorbents for water decontamination, we have reviewed their biosynthesis machinery and chemical properties that are linked to their sorptive interactions, as well as their actual performance in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated waters. Their sorptive performance in native and modified forms is promising; thus, both xanthan and gellan are emerging as new green-based materials for the cost-effective and efficient remediation of heavy metal-contaminated waters.
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Yang J, Zhao D, Liu T, Zhang S, Wang W, Yan L, Gu JD. Growth and genome-based insights of Fe(III) reduction of the high-temperature and NaCl-tolerant Shewanella xiamenensis from Changqing oilfield of China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1028030. [PMID: 36545192 PMCID: PMC9760863 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1028030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A facultative anaerobe bacterium Shewanella xiamenensis CQ-Y1 was isolated from the wastewater of Changqing oilfield in Shaanxi Province of China. Shewanella is the important dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria. It exhibited a well potential application in biodegradation and bioremediation. Methods Genome sequencing, assembling and functional annotation were conducted to explore the genome information of CQ-Y1. The effect of temperatures and NaCl concentrations on the CQ-Y1 growth and Fe(III) reduction were investigated by UV visible spectrophotometry, SEM and XRD. Results Genomic analysis revealed its complete genome was a circular chromosome of 4,710,887 bp with a GC content of 46.50% and 4,110 CDSs genes, 86 tRNAs and 26 rRNAs. It contains genes encoding for Na+/H+ antiporter, K+/Cl- transporter, heat shock protein associated with NaCl and high-temperature resistance. The presence of genes related to flavin, Cytochrome c, siderophore, and other related proteins supported Fe(III) reduction. In addition, CQ-Y1 could survive at 10% NaCl (w/v) and 45°C, and temperature showed more pronounced effects than NaCl concentration on the bacterial growth. The maximum Fe(III) reduction ratio of CQ-Y1 reached 70.1% at 30°C without NaCl, and the reduction reaction remained active at 40°C with 3% NaCl (w/v). NaCl concentration was more effective than temperature on microbial Fe(III) reduction. And the reduction products under high temperature and high NaCl conditions were characterized as Fe3(PO4)2, FeCl2 and Fe(OH)2. Discussion Accordingly, a Fe(III) reduction mechanism of CQ-Y1 mediated by Cytochrome c and flavin was hypothesised. These findings could provide information for a better understanding of the origin and evolution of genomic and metabolic diversity of S. xiamenensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Yang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China,Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China,Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China,*Correspondence: Lei Yan,
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Environmental Science and Engineering Research Group, Guangdong Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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11
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The production and application of bacterial exopolysaccharides as biomaterials for bone regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Gu J, Wang D, Wang Q, Liu W, Chen X, Li X, Yang F. Novel β-Glucosidase Mibgl3 from Microbacterium sp. XT11 with Oligoxanthan-Hydrolyzing Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8713-8724. [PMID: 35793414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic pathway of xanthan depolymerization has been predicted previously; however, the β-glucosidase and unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase in this system have not been cloned and characterized. This lack of knowledge hinders rational modification of xanthan and exploration of new applications. In this work, we report on the properties of Mibgl3, a xanthan-degrading enzyme isolated from Microbacterium sp. XT11. Mibgl3 exhibits typical structural features of the GH3 family but shares low sequence identity with reported GH3 enzymes. The activity of Mibgl3 can be inhibited by Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and glucose. Unlike most β-glucosidases, Mibgl3 can tolerate a wide pH range and is activated by high concentrations of NaCl. This improves the commercial value of Mibgl3. In particular, Mibgl3 exhibits higher substrate specificity toward oligoxanthan than other β-glucosidases. Ion chromatography, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and GC-MS results showed that Mibgl3 could effectively hydrolyze oligoxanthan to release glucose and glucuronate. Therefore, Mibgl3 might play an important role in xanthan depolymerization by functioning as hydrolase of both the xanthan backbone and sidechains. This knowledge of the enzymatic properties and hydrolysis mechanism of a β-glucosidase will be beneficial for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Gu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhen Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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Li R, Ren P, Liu Q, Yao J, Wu L, Zhu G, Xian X, Tang J, Lu G. McvR, a single domain response regulator regulates motility and virulence in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:649-663. [PMID: 35152521 PMCID: PMC8995066 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways mediated by sensor histidine kinases and cognate response regulators control a variety of physiological processes in response to environmental conditions in most bacteria. Comparatively little is known about the mechanism(s) by which single-domain response regulators (SD-RRs), which lack a dedicated output domain but harbour a phosphoryl receiver domain, exert their various regulatory effects in bacteria. Here we have examined the role of the SD-RR proteins encoded by the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). We describe the identification and characterization of a SD-RR protein named McvR (motility, chemotaxis, and virulence-related response regulator) that is required for virulence and motility regulation in Xcc. Deletion of the mcvR open reading frame caused reduced motility, chemotactic movement, and virulence in Xcc. Global transcriptome analyses revealed the McvR had a broad regulatory role and that most motility and pathogenicity genes were down-regulated in the mcvR mutant. Bacterial two-hybrid and protein pull-down assays revealed that McvR did not physically interact with components of the bacterial flagellum but interacts with other SD-RR proteins (like CheY) and the subset of DNA-binding proteins involved in gene regulation. Site-directed mutagenesis and phosphor-transfer experiments revealed that the aspartyl residue at position 55 of the receiver domain is important for phosphorylation and the regulatory activity of McvR protein. Taken together, the findings describe a previously unrecognized class of SD-RR protein that contributes to the regulation of motility and virulence in Xcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐Fang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect PestsPlant Protection Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Pei‐Dong Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Qian‐Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Jia‐Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Liu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Gui‐Ning Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect PestsPlant Protection Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Xiao‐Yong Xian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect PestsPlant Protection Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Ji‐Liang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Guang‐Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
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14
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Si C, He C, Teixeira da Silva JA, Yu Z, Duan J. Metabolic accumulation and related synthetic genes of O-acetyl groups in mannan polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:641-657. [PMID: 34251532 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mannan polysaccharides (MPs), which contain substituted O-acetyl groups in their backbone, are abundant in the medicinal plant Dendrobium officinale. Acetyl groups can influence the physiological and biochemical properties of polysaccharides, which mainly accumulate in the stems of D. officinale at four developmental stages (S1-S4), showing an increasing trend and a link with water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) and mannose. The genes coding for enzymes that catalyze O-acetyl groups to MPs are unknown in D. officinale. The TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE (TBL) gene family contains TBL and DUF231 domains that can transfer O-acetyl groups to various polysaccharides. Based on an established D. officinale genome database, 37 DoTBL genes were identified. Analysis of cis-elements in the promoter region showed that DoTBL genes might respond to different hormones and abiotic stresses. Most of the genes with MeJA-responsive elements were upregulated or downregulated after treatment with MeJA. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that DoTBL genes had significantly higher expression levels in stems and leaves than in roots. Eight DoTBL genes showed relatively higher expression at S2-S4 stages, which showed a link with the content of WSPs and O-acetyl groups. DoTBL35 and its homologous gene DoTBL34 displayed the higher mRNA level in different organs and developmental stages, which might participate in the acetylation of MPs in D. officinale. The subcellular localization of DoTBL34 and DoTBL35 reveals that the endoplasmic reticulum may play an important role in the acetylation of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Si
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis of Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis of Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jaime A Teixeira da Silva
- Independent Researcher, P. O. Box 7, Miki-cho post office, Ikenobe 3011-2, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan
| | - Zhenming Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis of Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis of Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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15
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Singh D, Kesharwani AK, Singh K, Jaiswal S, Iquebal MA, Geat N, Avasthi AS. Whole-Genome Sequence Resource of Indian Race 4 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the Causal Agent of Black Rot Disease of Brassica oleracea var. capitata. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1502-1505. [PMID: 35357215 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-21-2217-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Singh
- Plant Bacteriology Lab, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Amit K Kesharwani
- Plant Bacteriology Lab, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kalpana Singh
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Neelam Geat
- Plant Bacteriology Lab, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Anupama S Avasthi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Morinière L, Mirabel L, Gueguen E, Bertolla F. A Comprehensive Overview of the Genes and Functions Required for Lettuce Infection by the Hemibiotrophic Phytopathogen Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians. mSystems 2022; 7:e0129021. [PMID: 35311560 PMCID: PMC9040725 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01290-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful infection of a host plant by a phytopathogenic bacterium depends on a finely tuned molecular cross talk between the two partners. Thanks to transposon insertion sequencing techniques (Tn-seq), whole genomes can now be assessed to determine which genes are important for the fitness of several plant-associated bacteria in planta. Despite its agricultural relevance, the dynamic molecular interaction established between the foliar hemibiotrophic phytopathogen Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians and its host, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), remains completely unknown. To decipher the genes and functions mobilized by the pathogen throughout the infection process, we conducted a Tn-seq experiment in lettuce leaves to mimic the selective pressure occurring during natural infection. This genome-wide screening identified 170 genes whose disruption caused serious fitness defects in lettuce. A thorough examination of these genes using comparative genomics and gene set enrichment analyses highlighted that several functions and pathways were highly critical for the pathogen's survival. Numerous genes involved in amino acid, nucleic acid, and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis were critical. The xps type II secretion system operon, a few TonB-dependent transporters involved in carbohydrate or siderophore scavenging, and multiple genes of the carbohydrate catabolism pathways were also critical, emphasizing the importance of nutrition systems in a nutrient-limited environment. Finally, several genes implied in camouflage from the plant immune system and resistance to immunity-induced oxidative stress were strongly involved in host colonization. As a whole, these results highlight some of the central metabolic pathways and cellular functions critical for Xanthomonas host adaptation and pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Xanthomonas hortorum was recently the subject of renewed interest, as several studies highlighted that its members were responsible for diseases in a wide range of plant species, including crops of agricultural relevance (e.g., tomato and carrot). Among X. hortorum variants, X. hortorum pv. vitians is a reemerging foliar hemibiotrophic phytopathogen responsible for severe outbreaks of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce all around the world. Despite recent findings, sustainable and practical means of disease control remain to be developed. Understanding the host-pathogen interaction from a molecular perspective is crucial to support these efforts. The genes and functions mobilized by X. hortorum pv. vitians during its interaction with lettuce had never been investigated. Our study sheds light on these processes by screening the whole pathogen genome for genes critical for its fitness during the infection process, using transposon insertion sequencing and comparative genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Morinière
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurène Mirabel
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Erwan Gueguen
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA, CNRS, UMR Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Bertolla
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
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17
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Goussé M, Dell'Aglio E, Curien G, Borland S, Renoud S, Ranquet C, Chandor-Proust A. E. coli chromosomal-driven expression of NADK2 from A. thaliana: A preferable alternative to plasmid-driven expression for challenging proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 195-196:106090. [PMID: 35346853 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The expression and purification of large recombinant proteins or protein complexes is problematic for some biotechnology laboratories. Indeed, it is often difficult to obtain enough active proteins to perform biological characterization or reach commercialization, when large proteins or protein complexes are expressed in E. coli via the popular T7-based plasmid-driven expression system. There is also an industrial demand to decrease our dependence on plasmid-driven expression, because of its drawbacks, such as: i) the common use of antibiotics to maintain the plasmid, ii) the issue of plasmid copy number, and iii) the risk of overloading the expression system. Despite all these issues, alternative solutions, such as gene integration in the bacterial chromosome, are rarely employed and their advantages are still a matter of debate. Plant plastidial NAD kinases (NADK; ATP:NAD 2'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.23) are a classic example of proteins with high molecular weight, that are difficult to express and purify with traditional T7-based technology. We therefore compared plasmid-driven and chromosomal-driven expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana NADK2 protein, using a proprietary counter-selection tool, COLIBELT®, that allows scar-free and marker-free chromosomal modifications. Here we show that chromosomal-driven expression allowed recovery of more active NADK2 protein than classic T7 expression systems, as well as better production, thus confirming that expression from one single chromosomal copy is preferable to plasmid-driven expression and might be appealing for both basic and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Dell'Aglio
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAe, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Curien
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAe, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
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18
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Lo HH, Chang HC, Liao CT, Hsiao YM. Expression and function of clpS and clpA in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:589-607. [PMID: 35322326 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ATP-dependent proteases (FtsH, Lon, and Clp family proteins) are ubiquitous in bacteria and play essential roles in numerous regulatory cell processes. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is a Gram-negative pathogen that can cause black rot diseases in crucifers. The genome of X. campestris pv. campestris has several clp genes, namely, clpS, clpA, clpX, clpP, clpQ, and clpY. Among these genes, only clpX and clpP is known to be required for pathogenicity. Here, we focused on two uncharacterized clp genes (clpS and clpA) that encode the adaptor (ClpS) and ATPase subunit (ClpA) of the ClpAP protease complex. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the expression of clpS and clpA was growth phase-dependent and affected by the growth temperature. The inactivation of clpA, but not of clpS, resulted in susceptibility to high temperature and attenuated virulence in the host plant. The altered phenotypes of the clpA mutant could be complemented in trans. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that K223 and K504 were the amino acid residues critical for ClpA function in heat tolerance. The protein expression profile shown by the clpA mutant in response to heat stress was different from that exhibited by the wild type. In summary, we characterized two clp genes (clpS and clpA) by examining their expression profiles and functions in different processes, including stress tolerance and pathogenicity. We demonstrated that clpS and clpA were expressed in a temperature-dependent manner and that clpA was required for the survival at high temperature and full virulence of X. campestris pv. campestris. This work represents the first time that clpS and clpA were characterized in Xanthomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Hsia Lo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tsai Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan.
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19
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Chen D, Zhong X, Cui J, Li H, Han R, Yue X, Xie J, Kang J. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Isolates BJSJQ20200612 and GSXT20191014 Provides Novel Insights Into Their Genetic Variability and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:833318. [PMID: 35308372 PMCID: PMC8924526 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.833318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Black rot is a disease that has a severe impact on cabbage yield and quality in China. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot of Brassicaceae crops. So far, the whole genomic sequences of more than 30 Xcc isolates have been sequenced; however, little information about genomic variability and virulence has been reported. In this study, 12 Xcc isolates were isolated from diseased cabbage leaves in seven Chinese provinces and two municipalities from July 2019 to November 2020. Pathogenicity analysis showed that isolate GSXT20191014 was more aggressive than BJSJQ20200612 and HRIW 3811 on cabbage inbred line 1371. Both BJSJQ20200612 and GSXT20191014 were sequenced and comparatively analyzed. The results showed that BJSJQ20200612 and GSXT20191014 have a single circular chromosome comprising 5,115,975 and 4,975,682 bp, respectively. Compared to the other six sequenced strains, 26 and 47 variable genomic regions were found in BJSJQ2020061 and GSXT20191014 genomic sequences, respectively. The variable genomic regions could be responsible for the genetic variation in Xcc strains and have led to the differences in type III secreted effector repertoires, virulence factors and secreted proteins between these two strains. Among the identified secreted proteins, two copies of peptidase S8/S53 were found in GSXT20191014-specific chromosomal segments. The common effectors xopR, xopH, avrBs1, and xopAH are found in most Xcc genomes, but they are absent in the GSXT20191014 genome. Variations in the composition of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) may aid GSXT20191014 isolate infections to evade recognition by the host immune system. Our results revealed a direct correlation between genomic variability and Xcc virulence. We also developed several markers for detecting BJSJQ20200612 and GSXT20191014 isolates and further tested the rest of our other 10 isolates. Finally, the isolated Xcc strains were classified into three genetic subgroups by specific molecular markers and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach. BJSJQ20200612 and GSXT20191014 isolates were also classified into two subgroups of Xcc according to the core-genome-based phylogenetic tree. This study extended our understanding of Xcc genomic features and provided the foundation to further characterize the mechanisms for Xcc virulence and a clue for black rot resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xionghui Zhong
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Han
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqing Yue
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jungen Kang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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20
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Bhat IM, Wani SM, Mir SA, Masoodi F. Advances in xanthan gum production, modifications and its applications. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Zhang H, Chen C, Yang J, Sun B, Lin J, Sun D. Effect of Culture Conditions on Cellulose Production by a Komagataeibacter Xylinus Strain. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100476. [PMID: 35143121 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Different fermentation conditions cause different shear forces, which have a great influence on BC synthesis. The shearing force activates the conversion of microbial cells to Cel- mutants, and the accumulation of water-soluble exopolysaccharides is also observed. A substrate competitive relationship between these two polysaccharides is found, which is significant in terms of the optimization of cellulose production in commercial processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Chuntao Chen
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jiazhi Yang
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Bianjing Sun
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jianbin Lin
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Dongping Sun
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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22
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Hahn J, Koch D, Niehaus K, Ortseifen V. Analysis of Gum proteins involved in xanthan biosynthesis throughout multiple cell fractions in a "single-tube". J Proteomics 2022; 257:104513. [PMID: 35149254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas is a phytopathogenic bacterium and of industrial interest due to its capability to produce xanthan, used as a thickener and emulsifier in the food and non-food industry. Until now, proteome analyses of Xcc lacking a detailed view on the proteins involved in xanthan biosynthesis. The proteins involved in the biosynthesis of this polysaccharide are located near, in or at the cell membrane. This study aims to establish a robust and rapid protocol for a comprehensive proteome analysis of Xcc strains, without the need to isolate different cell fractions. Therefore, a method for the analysis of the whole cell proteome was compared to the isolation of specific fractions regarding the total number of identified proteins, the overlap, and the differences between the approaches. The whole cell proteome analysis with extended peptide separation methods resulted in more than 3254 identified proteins covering 73.1% of the whole proteome. The protocol was used to study xanthan production in a label-free quantification approach. Expression profiles of 8 Gum proteins were compared between the stationary and logarithmic growth phase. Differential expression levels within the operon structure indicate a complex regulatory mechanism for xanthan biosynthesis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027261. SIGNIFICANCE: Bacteria are metabolite factories with a wide variety of natural products. Thus, proteome analyses play a crucial role to understand the biological processes within a cell behind the biosynthesis of those metabolites. Proteins involved in the biosynthesis of secreted products are often organised on, in or around the membrane allowing metabolite channelling. Experiments targeting those biosynthesis pathways on protein level often require the analysis of multiple cell fractions like cytosolic, inner, and outer membrane. This is time consuming and demands different protocols. The protocol presented here is a rapid and robust solution to study biosynthetic pathways of biological or biotechnological interest in a single approach on protein level, where gene products are partitioned across multiple cell fractions. The use of a single method also simplifies the comparison of different experiments, for example, production vs. nonproduction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hahn
- Proteome- and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Koch
- Jungbunzlauer Austria AG, Pernhofen 1, 2064 Wulzeshofen, Austria
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Proteome- and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Vera Ortseifen
- Proteome- and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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23
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Two Flagellar mutants of Xanthomonas campestris are characterized by enhanced xanthan production and higher xanthan viscosity. J Biotechnol 2022; 347:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Luneau JS, Cerutti A, Roux B, Carrère S, Jardinaud M, Gaillac A, Gris C, Lauber E, Berthomé R, Arlat M, Boulanger A, Noël LD. Xanthomonas transcriptome inside cauliflower hydathodes reveals bacterial virulence strategies and physiological adaptations at early infection stages. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:159-174. [PMID: 34837293 PMCID: PMC8743013 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a seed-transmitted vascular pathogen causing black rot disease on cultivated and wild Brassicaceae. Xcc enters the plant tissues preferentially via hydathodes, which are organs localized at leaf margins. To decipher both physiological and virulence strategies deployed by Xcc during early stages of infection, the transcriptomic profile of Xcc was analysed 3 days after entry into cauliflower hydathodes. Despite the absence of visible plant tissue alterations and despite a biotrophic lifestyle, 18% of Xcc genes were differentially expressed, including a striking repression of chemotaxis and motility functions. The Xcc full repertoire of virulence factors had not yet been activated but the expression of the HrpG regulon composed of 95 genes, including genes coding for the type III secretion machinery important for suppression of plant immunity, was induced. The expression of genes involved in metabolic adaptations such as catabolism of plant compounds, transport functions, sulphur and phosphate metabolism was upregulated while limited stress responses were observed 3 days postinfection. We confirmed experimentally that high-affinity phosphate transport is needed for bacterial fitness inside hydathodes. This analysis provides information about the nutritional and stress status of bacteria during the early biotrophic infection stages and helps to decipher the adaptive strategy of Xcc to the hydathode environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien S. Luneau
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul SabatierCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Aude Cerutti
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul SabatierCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Brice Roux
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul SabatierCastanet‐TolosanFrance
- Present address:
Brice Roux, HalioDx, Luminy Biotech EntreprisesMarseille Cedex 9France
| | - Sébastien Carrère
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul SabatierCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | | | - Antoine Gaillac
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul SabatierCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Carine Gris
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul SabatierCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Lauber
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul SabatierCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Richard Berthomé
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul SabatierCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Matthieu Arlat
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul SabatierCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Alice Boulanger
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul SabatierCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Laurent D. Noël
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul SabatierCastanet‐TolosanFrance
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Liao CT, Li CE, Chang HC, Hsu CH, Chiang YC, Hsiao YM. The lolB gene in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is required for bacterial attachment, stress tolerance, and virulence. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 34996353 PMCID: PMC8739992 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause black rot disease in crucifers. The lipoprotein outer membrane localization (Lol) system is involved in the lipoprotein sorting to the outer membrane. Although Xcc has a set of annotated lol genes, there is still little known about the physiological role in this phytopathogen. In this study, we aimed to characterize the role of LolB of Xcc in bacterial attachment, stress tolerance, and virulence. RESULTS To characterize the role of LolB, lolB mutant was constructed and phenotypic evaluation was performed. The lolB mutant revealed reductions in bacterial attachment, extracellular enzyme production, and virulence. Mutation of lolB also resulted in reduced tolerance to a myriad of stresses, including heat and a range of membrane-perturbing agents. Trans-complementation of lolB mutant with intact lolB gene reverted these altered phenotypes to the wild-type levels. From subsequent reporter assay and reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, the expression of genes that encode the major extracellular enzymes and the stress-related proteins was reduced after lolB mutation. CONCLUSIONS The results in this work contribute to the functional understanding of lolB in Xanthomonas for the first time, and provide new insights into the function of lolB in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Tsai Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-En Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chuan Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
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26
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Su Q, Wang X, Leng M, Qi Y, Pang F, Tang J, Lu G. A HU-like protein is required for full virulence in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1574-1586. [PMID: 34424610 PMCID: PMC8578834 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria harbour several abundant small DNA-binding proteins known as nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) that contribute to the structure of the bacterial nucleoid as well as to gene regulation. Although the function of NAPs as global transcriptional regulators has been comprehensively studied in the model organism Escherichia coli, their regulatory functions in other bacteria remain relatively poorly understood. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a gram-negative bacterium that causes black rot disease in almost all members of the crucifer family. In previous work, we demonstrated that a Fis homologue protein, which we named Fis-like protein (Flp), contributes to the regulation of virulence, type III secretion, and a series of other phenotypes in Xcc. Here we have examined the role of XC_1355, which is predicted to encode a DNA-binding protein belonging to the HU family herein named HU-like protein (Hlp). We show that mutation of XC_1355 in Xcc reduces the virulence, extracellular polysaccharide production, and cell motility, but has no effect on the production of extracellular enzymes and induction of the hypersensitive response. These data together with transcriptome analysis indicate that hlp is a previously uncharacterized gene involved in virulence that has partially overlapping and complementary functions with flp in Xcc, although the two regulators have opposite effects on the expression of genes involved in type III secretion. The findings add to our understanding of the complex regulatory pathways that act to regulate virulence in Xcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Xin‐Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Ming Leng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Yan‐Hua Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Fu‐Yuan Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Ji‐Liang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Guang‐Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
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27
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Mohsin A, Akyliyaevna KA, Zaman WQ, Hussain MH, Mohsin MZ, Al-Rashed S, Tan X, Tian X, Aida K, Tariq M, Haider MS, Khan IM, Niazi S, Zhuang Y, Guo M. Kinetically modelled approach of xanthan production using different carbon sources: A study on molecular weight and rheological properties of xanthan. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1226-1236. [PMID: 34743029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study emphasizes improving the overall yield, productivity and quality of xanthan by Xanthomonas campestris using different carbon sources via optimizing the fermentation media and kinetic modelling work. After optimization, six carbon sources and one nitrogen source were selected for xanthan production in 5 L bioreactor. Kinetic modelling was applied to assess the experimental fermentation data and to check its influence on scale-up production. In this work, xanthan production reached 40.65 g/L with a growth-associated rate constant (α) of 2.831, and highest specific growth rate (μm) of 0.37/h while using maltose as the sole carbon source. Furthermore, rheological properties were determined, and Herschel-Bulkley model was employed to assess the experimental data. Interestingly, xanthan obtained from sucrose and glucose showed the highest yield stress (τ0) of 12.50 ± 0.31 and 7.17 ± 0.21. Moreover, the highest xanthan molecular weight of 3.53 × 107 and 3.25 × 107 g/mol were also found with sucrose and glucose. At last, the proposed mechanism of sugar metabolism and xanthan biosynthesis pathway were described. Conclusively, maltose appeared as the best carbon source for maximum xanthan production: while sucrose and glucose gave qualitatively best results. In short, this systematically modelled approach maximizes the potential output and provides a solid base for continuous cultivation of xanthan at large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Kanagat Akbota Akyliyaevna
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Waqas Qamar Zaman
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hammad Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Muhammad Zubair Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Sarah Al-Rashed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xiwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Kistaubayeva Aida
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Muhammad Salman Haider
- Applied Science Research Institute, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, HH Campus, 50700 Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Imran Mahmood Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sobia Niazi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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Revin VV, Liyas’kina EV, Pokidko BV, Pimenov NV, Mardanov AV, Ravin NV. Characteristics of the New Xanthan-Producing Strain Xanthomonas campestris М 28: Study of the Genome, Cultivation Conditions, and Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of the Polysaccharide. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Fernandes C, Martins L, Teixeira M, Blom J, Pothier JF, Fonseca NA, Tavares F. Comparative Genomics of Xanthomonas euroxanthea and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis Strains Isolated from a Single Walnut Host Tree. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030624. [PMID: 33803052 PMCID: PMC8003016 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent report of distinct Xanthomonas lineages of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis and Xanthomonas euroxanthea within the same walnut tree revealed that this consortium of walnut-associated Xanthomonas includes both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. As the implications of this co-colonization are still poorly understood, in order to unveil niche-specific adaptations, the genomes of three X. euroxanthea strains (CPBF 367, CPBF 424T, and CPBF 426) and of an X. arboricola pv. juglandis strain (CPBF 427) isolated from a single walnut tree in Loures (Portugal) were sequenced with two different technologies, Illumina and Nanopore, to provide consistent single scaffold chromosomal sequences. General genomic features showed that CPBF 427 has a genome similar to other X. arboricola pv. juglandis strains, regarding its size, number, and content of CDSs, while X. euroxanthea strains show a reduction regarding these features comparatively to X. arboricola pv. juglandis strains. Whole genome comparisons revealed remarkable genomic differences between X. arboricola pv. juglandis and X. euroxanthea strains, which translates into different pathogenicity and virulence features, namely regarding type 3 secretion system and its effectors and other secretory systems, chemotaxis-related proteins, and extracellular enzymes. Altogether, the distinct genomic repertoire of X. euroxanthea may be particularly useful to address pathogenicity emergence and evolution in walnut-associated Xanthomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fernandes
- CIBIO—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO-Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; (L.M.); (M.T.); (N.A.F.)
- FCUP—Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços de Sistemas Agrários e Florestais e Sanidade Vegetal, INIAV, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (F.T.)
| | - Leonor Martins
- CIBIO—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO-Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; (L.M.); (M.T.); (N.A.F.)
- FCUP—Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Teixeira
- CIBIO—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO-Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; (L.M.); (M.T.); (N.A.F.)
- FCUP—Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstraße 23, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Joël F. Pothier
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute for Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;
| | - Nuno A. Fonseca
- CIBIO—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO-Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; (L.M.); (M.T.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Fernando Tavares
- CIBIO—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO-Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; (L.M.); (M.T.); (N.A.F.)
- FCUP—Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (F.T.)
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30
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Acetan and Acetan-Like Polysaccharides: Genetics, Biosynthesis, Structure, and Viscoelasticity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050815. [PMID: 33799945 PMCID: PMC7961339 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria produce a variety of multifunctional polysaccharides, including structural, intracellular, and extracellular polysaccharides. They are attractive for the industrial sector due to their natural origin, sustainability, biodegradability, low toxicity, stability, unique viscoelastic properties, stable cost, and supply. When incorporated into different matrices, they may control emulsification, stabilization, crystallization, water release, and encapsulation. Acetan is an important extracellular water-soluble polysaccharide produced mainly by bacterial species of the genera Komagataeibacter and Acetobacter. Since its original description in Komagataeibacter xylinus, acetan-like polysaccharides have also been described in other species of acetic acid bacteria. Our knowledge on chemical composition of different acetan-like polysaccharides, their viscoelasticity, and the genetic basis for their production has expanded during the last years. Here, we review data on acetan biosynthesis, its molecular structure, genetic organization, and mechanical properties. In addition, we have performed an extended bioinformatic analysis on acetan-like polysaccharide genetic clusters in the genomes of Komagataeibacter and Acetobacter species. The analysis revealed for the first time a second acetan-like polysaccharide genetic cluster, that is widespread in both genera. All species of the Komagataeibacter possess at least one acetan genetic cluster, while it is present in only one third of the Acetobacter species surveyed.
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31
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Sun X, Zhang J. Bacterial exopolysaccharides: Chemical structures, gene clusters and genetic engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:481-490. [PMID: 33493567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the composition, structure, biosynthesis, and function of bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have been extensively studied. EPS are synthesized through different biosynthetic pathways. The genes responsible for EPS synthesis are usually clustered on the genome or large plasmids of bacteria. Generally, different EPS synthesis gene clusters direct the synthesis of EPS with different chemical structures and biological activities. A better understanding of the gene functions involved in EPS biosynthesis is critical for the production of EPS with special biological activities. Genetic engineering methods are usually used to study EPS synthesis related genes. This review organizes the available information on EPS, including their structures, synthesis of related genes, and highlights the research progress of modifying EPS gene clusters through gene-editing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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32
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Afrin KS, Rahim MA, Rubel MH, Park JI, Jung HJ, Kim HT, Nou IS. Development of PCR-Based Molecular Marker for Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Race 6, the Causative Agent of Black Rot of Brassicas. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:418-427. [PMID: 33082726 PMCID: PMC7542024 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2020.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the pathogen of black rot which is the most destructive disease of Brassica vegetables throughout the world. Here, we reported two novel sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers (i.e., XccR6-60 and XccR6-67) for the detection of Xcc race 6 via re-alignment of the complete genome sequences of Xcc races/strains/pathovars. The specificity of SCAR primer sets was verified by mean of PCR amplification using the genomic DNA template of Xcc races/strains/pathovars and two other plant infecting bacterial strains. The PCR result revealed that the XccR6-60 and XccR6-67 primer sets amplified 692-bp and 917-bp DNA fragments, respectively, specifically from race 6, while no visible amplification was detected in other samples. In addition, the SCAR primers were highly sensitive and can detect from a very low concentration of genomic DNA of Xcc race 6. However, the complete genome sequence of Xcc race 6 is not yet publicly available. Therefore, the cloning and sequencing of XccR6-60 and XccR6-67 fragments from race 6 provide more evidence of the specificity of these markers. These results indicated that the newly developed SCAR markers can successfully, effectively and rapidly detect Xcc race 6 from other Xcc races/strains/pathovars as well as other plant pathogenic bacteria. This is the first report for race-specific molecular markers for Xcc race 6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Abdur Rahim
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-107, Bangladesh
| | - Mehede Hassan Rubel
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Jung
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Hoy-Taek Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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33
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An SQ, Potnis N, Dow M, Vorhölter FJ, He YQ, Becker A, Teper D, Li Y, Wang N, Bleris L, Tang JL. Mechanistic insights into host adaptation, virulence and epidemiology of the phytopathogen Xanthomonas. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:1-32. [PMID: 31578554 PMCID: PMC8042644 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas is a well-studied genus of bacterial plant pathogens whose members cause a variety of diseases in economically important crops worldwide. Genomic and functional studies of these phytopathogens have provided significant understanding of microbial-host interactions, bacterial virulence and host adaptation mechanisms including microbial ecology and epidemiology. In addition, several strains of Xanthomonas are important as producers of the extracellular polysaccharide, xanthan, used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This polymer has also been implicated in several phases of the bacterial disease cycle. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the infection strategies and regulatory networks controlling virulence and adaptation mechanisms from Xanthomonas species and discuss the novel opportunities that this body of work has provided for disease control and plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi An
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre (NBIC), Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Neha Potnis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn University, Auburn AL36849, USA
| | - Max Dow
- School of Microbiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | | | - Yong-Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Anke Becker
- Loewe Center for Synthetic Microbiology and Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Doron Teper
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred 33850, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 2851 Rutford Ave, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.,Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Nian Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred 33850, USA
| | - Leonidas Bleris
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 2851 Rutford Ave, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.,Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Road, Richardson, TX75080, USA
| | - Ji-Liang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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Botero D, Monk J, Rodríguez Cubillos MJ, Rodríguez Cubillos A, Restrepo M, Bernal-Galeano V, Reyes A, González Barrios A, Palsson BØ, Restrepo S, Bernal A. Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis: An Approach to Elucidate Pathogenicity at the Metabolic Level. Front Genet 2020; 11:837. [PMID: 32849823 PMCID: PMC7432306 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm) is the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight, the most important bacterial disease in this crop. There is a paucity of knowledge about the metabolism of Xanthomonas and its relevance in the pathogenic process, with the exception of the elucidation of the xanthan biosynthesis route. Here we report the reconstruction of the genome-scale model of Xpm metabolism and the insights it provides into plant-pathogen interactions. The model, iXpm1556, displayed 1,556 reactions, 1,527 compounds, and 890 genes. Metabolic maps of central amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as xanthan biosynthesis of Xpm, were reconstructed using Escher (https://escher.github.io/) to guide the curation process and for further analyses. The model was constrained using the RNA-seq data of a mutant of Xpm for quorum sensing (QS), and these data were used to construct context-specific models (CSMs) of the metabolism of the two strains (wild type and QS mutant). The CSMs and flux balance analysis were used to get insights into pathogenicity, xanthan biosynthesis, and QS mechanisms. Between the CSMs, 653 reactions were shared; unique reactions belong to purine, pyrimidine, and amino acid metabolism. Alternative objective functions were used to demonstrate a trade-off between xanthan biosynthesis and growth and the re-allocation of resources in the process of biosynthesis. Important features altered by QS included carbohydrate metabolism, NAD(P)+ balance, and fatty acid elongation. In this work, we modeled the xanthan biosynthesis and the QS process and their impact on the metabolism of the bacterium. This model will be useful for researchers studying host-pathogen interactions and will provide insights into the mechanisms of infection used by this and other Xanthomonas species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Botero
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology (LAMFU), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Biología Computacional y Ecología Microbiana, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jonathan Monk
- Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - María Juliana Rodríguez Cubillos
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology (LAMFU), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Mariana Restrepo
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology (LAMFU), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Vivian Bernal-Galeano
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology (LAMFU), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Reyes
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Biología Computacional y Ecología Microbiana, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés González Barrios
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Bernhard Ø. Palsson
- Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Silvia Restrepo
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology (LAMFU), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Bernal
- Laboratory of Molecular Interactions of Agricultural Microbes, LIMMA, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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He YW, Cao XQ, Poplawsky AR. Chemical Structure, Biological Roles, Biosynthesis and Regulation of the Yellow Xanthomonadin Pigments in the Phytopathogenic Genus Xanthomonas. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:705-714. [PMID: 32027580 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-19-0326-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonadins are membrane-bound yellow pigments that are typically produced by phytopathogenic bacterial Xanthomonas spp., Xylella fastidiosa, and Pseudoxanthomonas spp. They are also produced by a diversity of environmental bacterial species. Considerable research has revealed that they are a unique group of halogenated, aryl-polyene, water-insoluble pigments. Xanthomonadins have been shown to play important roles in epiphytic survival and host-pathogen interactions in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, which is the causal agent of black rot in crucifers. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of xanthomonadin chemical structures, physiological roles, biosynthetic pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and crosstalk with other signaling pathways. The aim of the present review is to provide clues for further in-depth research on xanthomonadins from Xanthomonas and other related bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Alan R Poplawsky
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, U.S.A
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Li R, Wang X, Wu L, Huang L, Qin Q, Yao J, Lu G, Tang J. Xanthomonas campestris sensor kinase HpaS co-opts the orphan response regulator VemR to form a branched two-component system that regulates motility. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:360-375. [PMID: 31919999 PMCID: PMC7036368 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) controls virulence and plant infection mechanisms via the activity of the sensor kinase and response regulator pair HpaS/hypersensitive response and pathogenicity G (HrpG). Detailed analysis of the regulatory role of HpaS has suggested the occurrence of further regulators besides HrpG. Here we used in vitro and in vivo approaches to identify the orphan response regulator VemR as another partner of HpaS and to characterize relevant interactions between components of this signalling system. Bacterial two-hybrid and protein pull-down assays revealed that HpaS physically interacts with VemR. Phos-tag SDS-PAGE analysis showed that mutation in hpaS reduced markedly the phosphorylation of VemR in vivo. Mutation analysis reveals that HpaS and VemR contribute to the regulation of motility and this relationship appears to be epistatic. Additionally, we show that VemR control of Xcc motility is due in part to its ability to interact and bind to the flagellum rotor protein FliM. Taken together, the findings describe the unrecognized regulatory role of sensor kinase HpaS and orphan response regulator VemR in the control of motility in Xcc and contribute to the understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms used by Xcc during plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect PestsPlant Protection Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Xin‐Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Liu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Qi‐Jian Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Jia‐Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Guang‐Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Ji‐Liang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
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Transcriptome analysis of polysaccharide-based microbial flocculant MBFA9 biosynthesis regulated by nitrogen source. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2918. [PMID: 32075995 PMCID: PMC7031244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial flocculant (MBF), an environmentally friendly water treatment agent, can be widely used in various water treatments. However, its use is limited by low yield and high cost. This problem can be solved by clarifying its biosynthesis mechanism and regulating it. Paenibacillus shenyangensis A9, a flocculant-producing bacterium, was used to produce polysaccharide-type MBFA9 by regulating the nitrogen source (nitrogen adequacy/nitrogen deficiency). In this study, RNA-Seq high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatic approaches were used to investigate the fermentation and biosynthesis of polysaccharide-type MBFA9 by regulating the nitrogen source (high nitrogen/low nitrogen) in the flocculant-producing bacteria Paenibacillus shenyangensis A9. Differentially expressed genes, functional clustering, and functional annotation of key genes were assessed. Then the MBFA9 biosynthesis and metabolic pathway were reconstructed. Our results showed that when cultured under different nitrogen conditions, bacterial strain A9 had a greater ability to synthesize polysaccharide-type MBFA9 under low nitrogen compared to high nitrogen conditions, with the yield of MBFA9 reaching 4.2 g/L at 36 h of cultivation. The quality of transcriptome sequencing data was reliable, with a matching rate of 85.38% and 85.48% when L36/H36 was mapped to the reference genome. The total expressed genes detected were 4719 and 4730, with 265 differentially expressed genes. The differentially expressed genes were classified into 3 categories: molecular function (MF), cell component (CC), and biological process (BP), and can be further divided into 22 subcategories. There were 192 upregulated genes and 73 downregulated genes, with upregulation being predominant under low nitrogen. UDP-Gal, UDP-Glc, UDP-GlcA, and UDP-GlcNAc, which are in the polysaccharide metabolic pathway, could all be used as precursors for MBFA9 biosynthesis, and murA, wecB, pgm, galU/galF, fcl, gmd, and glgC were the main functional genes capable of affecting the growth of bacteria and the biosynthesis of MBF. Results from this study provide evidence that high-level expression of key genes in MBFA9 biosynthesis, regulation, and control can achieve MBFA9 directional synthesis for large-scale applications.
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Wang FF, Qian W. The roles of histidine kinases in sensing host plant and cell-cell communication signal in a phytopathogenic bacterium. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180311. [PMID: 30967026 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that phytopathogenic bacteria react to plant-specific stimuli or environmental factors. However, how bacterial cells sense these environmental cues remains incompletely studied. Recently, three kinds of histidine kinases (HKs) were identified as receptors to perceive plant-associated or quorum-sensing signals. Among these kinases, HK VgrS detects iron depletion by binding to ferric iron via an ExxE motif, RpfC binds diffusible signal factor (DSF) by its N-terminal peptide and activates its autokinase activity through relaxation of autoinhibition, and PcrK specifically senses plant hormone-cytokinin and elicits bacterial responses to oxidative stress. These HKs are critical sensors that regulate the virulence of a Gram-negative bacterium, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Research progress on the signal perception of phytopathogenic bacterial HKs suggests that inter-kingdom signalling between host plants and pathogens controls pathogenesis and can be used as a potential molecular target to protect plants from bacterial diseases. This article is part of the theme issue 'Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , People's Republic of China
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Kong C, Horta de Passo V, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhuang M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Vicente JG, Lv H. Complete Genome Sequence of Strain WHRI 3811 Race 1 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the Causal Agent of Black Rot of Cruciferous Vegetables. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1571-1573. [PMID: 31389749 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-19-0177-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is an important bacterial pathogen that causes black rot and brings about enormous production loss for cruciferous vegetables worldwide. Currently, genome sequences for only a few X. campestris pv. campestris isolates are available, most of which are draft sequences. Based on the next-generation sequencing and single-molecule sequencing in real time technologies, we present here the complete genome sequence of strain WHRI 3811 race 1 of X. campestris pv. campestris, which is a type strain that has been extensively used. The genome data will contribute to our understanding of X. campestris pv. campestris genomic features and pave the way for research on X. campestris pv. campestris-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Kong
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Vânia Horta de Passo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne Campus, Warwick CV35 9EF, U.K
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Joana G Vicente
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne Campus, Warwick CV35 9EF, U.K
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
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40
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Hager FF, Sützl L, Stefanović C, Blaukopf M, Schäffer C. Pyruvate Substitutions on Glycoconjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4929. [PMID: 31590345 PMCID: PMC6801904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are the most diverse biomolecules of life. Mostly located at the cell surface, they translate into cell-specific "barcodes" and offer a vast repertoire of functions, including support of cellular physiology, lifestyle, and pathogenicity. Functions can be fine-tuned by non-carbohydrate modifications on the constituting monosaccharides. Among these modifications is pyruvylation, which is present either in enol or ketal form. The most commonly best-understood example of pyruvylation is enol-pyruvylation of N-acetylglucosamine, which occurs at an early stage in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall component peptidoglycan. Ketal-pyruvylation, in contrast, is present in diverse classes of glycoconjugates, from bacteria to algae to yeast-but not in humans. Mild purification strategies preventing the loss of the acid-labile ketal-pyruvyl group have led to a collection of elucidated pyruvylated glycan structures. However, knowledge of involved pyruvyltransferases creating a ring structure on various monosaccharides is scarce, mainly due to the lack of knowledge of fingerprint motifs of these enzymes and the unavailability of genome sequences of the organisms undergoing pyruvylation. This review compiles the current information on the widespread but under-investigated ketal-pyruvylation of monosaccharides, starting with different classes of pyruvylated glycoconjugates and associated functions, leading to pyruvyltransferases, their specificity and sequence space, and insight into pyruvate analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona F Hager
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Leander Sützl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Muthgasse 11, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cordula Stefanović
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Schulte F, Leßmeier L, Voss J, Ortseifen V, Vorhölter FJ, Niehaus K. Regulatory associations between the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids and xanthan biosynthesis in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris B100. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5289864. [PMID: 30649298 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The γ-proteobacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) B100 synthesizes the exopolysaccharide xanthan, a commercially relevant thickening agent produced commonly by industrial scale fermentation. This work was inspired by the observation that methionine is an inhibitor of xanthan formation in growth experiments. Therefore, the global effects of methionine supplementation were characterized through cultivation experiments, genome-wide microarray hybridizations and qRT-PCR. Specific pull down of DNA-binding proteins by using the intergenic regions upstream of xanA, gumB and gumD led to the identification of six transcriptional regulators, among them the LysR-family transcriptional regulator CysB. An insertion mutant of this gene was analyzed by growth experiments, microarray experiments and qRT-PCR. Based on our experimental data, we developed a model that describes the methionine-dependent co-regulation of xanthan and sulfur-containing compounds in Xanthomonas. These data substantially contribute to better understand the impact of methionine as a compound in xanthan production media used in industrial fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schulte
- Department of Proteome and Metabolome Research - Bio27, Faculty of Biology, Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lennart Leßmeier
- Chair of Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julia Voss
- Department of Proteome and Metabolome Research - Bio27, Faculty of Biology, Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Vera Ortseifen
- Department of Proteome and Metabolome Research - Bio27, Faculty of Biology, Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frank-Jörg Vorhölter
- Department of Proteome and Metabolome Research - Bio27, Faculty of Biology, Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Department of Proteome and Metabolome Research - Bio27, Faculty of Biology, Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Morinière L, Lecomte S, Gueguen E, Bertolla F. In vitro exploration of the Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians genome using transposon insertion sequencing and comparative genomics to discriminate between core and contextual essential genes. Microb Genom 2019; 7. [PMID: 33760724 PMCID: PMC8627662 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential genome of a bacterium encompasses core genes associated with basic cellular processes and conditionally essential genes dependent upon environmental conditions or the genetic context. Comprehensive knowledge of those gene sets allows for a better understanding of fundamental bacterial biology and offers new perspectives for antimicrobial drug research against detrimental bacteria such as pathogens. We investigated the essential genome of Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians, a gammaproteobacterial plant pathogen of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) which belongs to the plant-pathogen reservoir genus Xanthomonas and is affiliated to the family Xanthomonadaceae. No practical means of disease control or prevention against this pathogen is currently available, and its molecular biology is virtually unknown. To reach a comprehensive overview of the essential genome of X. hortorum pv. vitians LM16734, we developed a mixed approach combining high-quality full genome sequencing, saturated transposon insertion sequencing (Tn-Seq) in optimal growth conditions, and coupled computational analyses such as comparative genomics, synteny assessment and phylogenomics. Among the 370 essential loci identified by Tn-Seq, a majority was bound to critical cell processes conserved across bacteria. The remaining genes were either related to specific ecological features of Xanthomonas or Xanthomonadaceae species, or acquired through horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements and associated with ancestral parasitic gene behaviour and bacterial defence systems. Our study sheds new light on our usual concepts about gene essentiality and is pioneering in the molecular and genomic study of X. hortorum pv. vitians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Morinière
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Solène Lecomte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Erwan Gueguen
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA, CNRS, UMR Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, F 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Bertolla
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Garita-Cambronero J, Sena-Vélez M, Ferragud E, Sabuquillo P, Redondo C, Cubero J. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Comparative analysis of two pathogens producing similar symptoms in different host plants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219797. [PMID: 31318915 PMCID: PMC6639005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative studies in Xanthomonas have provided a vast amount of data that enabled to deepen in the knowledge of those factors associated with virulence and Xanthomonas plant interaction. The species of this genus present a wide range of host plants and a large number of studies have been focused to elucidate which mechanism are involved in this characteristic. In this study, comparative genomic and phenotypic analysis were performed between X. citri subsp. citri (Xcc), one of the most studied pathogens within Xanthomonas, and X. arboricola pv. pruni (Xap), a pathogen which has aroused great interest in recent time. The work was aimed to find those elements that contribute to their host divergence despite the convergence in the symptoms that each species cause on Citrus spp. and Prunus spp., respectively. This study reveals a set of genes that could be putatively associated with the adaptation of these pathogens to their hosts, being the most remarkable those involved in environmental sensing systems such as the case of the TonB-dependent transporters, the sensors of the two-component system and the methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins. Other important variants were found in processes related to the decomposition of the cell wall as could be appreciated by their dissimilar set of cell-wall degrading enzymes. Type three effectors, as one of the most important factors in delineating the host specificity in Xanthomonas, also showed a different array when comparing both species, being some of them unique to each pathogen. On the other hand, only small variations could be connected to other features such as the motility appendages and surface adhesion proteins, but these differences were accompanied by a dissimilar capacity to attach on host and non-host leaf surface. The molecular factors found in this work provide the basis to perform a more in-depth functional analyses that unveil those actual factors associated with pathogenesis and host specificity in Xcc and Xap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerson Garita-Cambronero
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación de Biocombustibles y Bioproductos, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Villarejo de Órbigo, Leon, Spain
| | - Marta Sena-Vélez
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elisa Ferragud
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sabuquillo
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Redondo
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Cubero
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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45
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In-depth rheological characterization of genetically modified xanthan-variants. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 213:236-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Sgro GG, Oka GU, Souza DP, Cenens W, Bayer-Santos E, Matsuyama BY, Bueno NF, dos Santos TR, Alvarez-Martinez CE, Salinas RK, Farah CS. Bacteria-Killing Type IV Secretion Systems. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1078. [PMID: 31164878 PMCID: PMC6536674 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have been constantly competing for nutrients and space for billions of years. During this time, they have evolved many different molecular mechanisms by which to secrete proteinaceous effectors in order to manipulate and often kill rival bacterial and eukaryotic cells. These processes often employ large multimeric transmembrane nanomachines that have been classified as types I-IX secretion systems. One of the most evolutionarily versatile are the Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs), which have been shown to be able to secrete macromolecules directly into both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Until recently, examples of T4SS-mediated macromolecule transfer from one bacterium to another was restricted to protein-DNA complexes during bacterial conjugation. This view changed when it was shown by our group that many Xanthomonas species carry a T4SS that is specialized to transfer toxic bacterial effectors into rival bacterial cells, resulting in cell death. This review will focus on this special subtype of T4SS by describing its distinguishing features, similar systems in other proteobacterial genomes, and the nature of the effectors secreted by these systems and their cognate inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán G. Sgro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel U. Oka
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diorge P. Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Cenens
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ethel Bayer-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Y. Matsuyama
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia F. Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina E. Alvarez-Martinez
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Roberto K. Salinas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chuck S. Farah
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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47
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Távora FTPK, Santos C, Maximiano MR, Murad AM, Oliveira-Neto OB, Megias E, Reis Junior FB, Franco OL, Mehta A. Pan Proteome of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Isolates Contrasting in Virulence. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900082. [PMID: 31050381 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fully sequenced genomes of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) strains are reported. However, intra-pathovar differences are still intriguing and far from clear. In this work, the contrasting virulence between two isolates of Xcc - Xcc51 (more virulent) and XccY21 (less virulent) is evaluated by determining their pan proteome profiles. The bacteria are grown in NYG and XVM1 (optimal for induction of hrp regulon) broths and collected at the max-exponential growth phase. Shotgun proteomics reveals a total of 329 proteins when Xcc isolates are grown in XVM1. A comparison of both profiles reveals 47 proteins with significant abundance fluctuations, out of which, 39 show an increased abundance in Xcc51 and are mainly involved in virulence/adaptation mechanisms, genetic information processing, and membrane receptor/iron transport systems, such as BfeA, BtuB, Cap, Clp, Dcp, FyuA, GroEs, HpaG, Tig, and OmpP6. Several differential proteins are further analyzed by qRT-PCR, which reveals a similar expression pattern to the protein abundance. The data shed light on the complex Xcc pathogenicity mechanisms and point out a set of proteins related to the higher virulence of Xcc51. This information is essential for the development of more efficient strategies aiming at the control of black rot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano T P K Távora
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CEP 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Santos
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CEP 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Maximiano
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CEP 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - André M Murad
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Osmundo Brilhante Oliveira-Neto
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Escola de Medicina, FACIPLAC, Brasília, CEP 72460-000, DF, Brazil
| | - Esaú Megias
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Octávio L Franco
- Departamento de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CEP 36036-900, MG, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, CEP 70790-160, DF, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, CEP 79117-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil
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48
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Ismail M, Frese M, Patschkowski T, Ortseifen V, Niehaus K, Sewald N. Flavin-Dependent Halogenases fromXanthomonas campestrispv. campestris B100 Prefer Bromination over Chlorination. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ismail
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätstaße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science; Helwan University; Ain Helwan, Helwan Cairo 11795 Egypt
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätstaße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Thomas Patschkowski
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Department of Biology; Bielefeld University; Universitätstaße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Vera Ortseifen
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Department of Biology; Bielefeld University; Universitätstaße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Department of Biology; Bielefeld University; Universitätstaße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätstaße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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49
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Liao CT, Chiang YC, Hsiao YM. Functional characterization and proteomic analysis of lolA in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:20. [PMID: 30665348 PMCID: PMC6341742 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gram-negative Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is the pathogenic bacterium that causes black rot disease in crucifers. The virulence determinants of this bacterium include extracellular enzymes, exopolysaccharides, and biofilm formation. Here, one transposon mutant of X. campestris pv. campestris strain 17 that affects biofilm formation was isolated, and subsequent analyses led to the identification of the lolA gene, which encodes an outer membrane lipoprotein chaperone. Results The lolA mutant exhibited significant reductions in bacterial attachment, extracellular enzyme production, virulence, and tolerance in the presence of myriad membrane-perturbing agents. These phenotypic changes of the mutant could be complemented to the wild-type level through the intact lolA gene. Proteomic analysis revealed that 109 proteins were differentially expressed after lolA mutation. These differentially expressed proteins were categorized in various functional groups and were mainly associated with the membrane component, were involved in transport, and contained receptor activity. Through reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, deletion of lolA was determined to have caused significantly reduced expression of genes that encode the major extracellular enzymes, the biofilm-related proteins, and the virulence-related proteins. The RT-qPCR analysis also indicated that the expression of several genes that encode putative outer membrane lipoproteins and TonB-dependent receptors was reduced after lolA mutation. Conclusions This is the first report to define the lolA gene as a virulence factor and to contribute to the functional understanding of, and provide new information concerning, the role of lolA in Xanthomonas. Furthermore, the results of this study provide and extend new insights into the function of lolA in bacteria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1387-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Tsai Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chuan Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
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50
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Meline V, Delage W, Brin C, Li‐Marchetti C, Sochard D, Arlat M, Rousseau C, Darrasse A, Briand M, Lebreton G, Portier P, Fischer‐Le Saux M, Durand K, Jacques M, Belin E, Boureau T. Role of the acquisition of a type 3 secretion system in the emergence of novel pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:33-50. [PMID: 30076773 PMCID: PMC6430459 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cases of emergence of novel plant-pathogenic strains are regularly reported that reduce the yields of crops and trees. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such emergence are still poorly understood. The acquisition by environmental non-pathogenic strains of novel virulence genes by horizontal gene transfer has been suggested as a driver for the emergence of novel pathogenic strains. In this study, we tested such an hypothesis by transferring a plasmid encoding the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and four associated type 3 secreted proteins (T3SPs) to the non-pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas CFBP 7698 and CFBP 7700, which lack genes encoding T3SS and any previously known T3SPs. The resulting strains were phenotyped on Nicotiana benthamiana using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and image analysis. Wild-type, non-pathogenic strains induced a hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis, whereas strains complemented with T3SS and T3SPs suppressed this response. Such suppression depends on a functional T3SS. Amongst the T3SPs encoded on the plasmid, Hpa2, Hpa1 and, to a lesser extent, XopF1 collectively participate in suppression. Monitoring of the population sizes in planta showed that the sole acquisition of a functional T3SS by non-pathogenic strains impairs growth inside leaf tissues. These results provide functional evidence that the acquisition via horizontal gene transfer of a T3SS and four T3SPs by environmental non-pathogenic strains is not sufficient to make strains pathogenic. In the absence of a canonical effector, the sole acquisition of a T3SS seems to be counter-selective, and further acquisition of type 3 effectors is probably needed to allow the emergence of novel pathogenic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérian Meline
- IRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
| | - Wesley Delage
- IRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
| | - Chrystelle Brin
- IRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
| | - Camille Li‐Marchetti
- IRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
| | - Daniel Sochard
- Platform PHENOTICIRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
| | - Matthieu Arlat
- INRAUMR 441, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)F‐31326Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Céline Rousseau
- Platform PHENOTICIRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
| | - Armelle Darrasse
- IRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
| | - Martial Briand
- IRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
| | - Guillaume Lebreton
- Platform PHENOTICIRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
| | - Perrine Portier
- IRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
- CIRM‐CFBP French Collection for Plant‐associated BacteriaIRHSUMR 1345INRA‐ACO‐UA42 rue Georges Morel49070Beaucouzé CedexFrance
| | - Marion Fischer‐Le Saux
- IRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
- CIRM‐CFBP French Collection for Plant‐associated BacteriaIRHSUMR 1345INRA‐ACO‐UA42 rue Georges Morel49070Beaucouzé CedexFrance
| | - Karine Durand
- IRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
| | - Marie‐Agnès Jacques
- IRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
| | - Etienne Belin
- Platform PHENOTICIRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
- Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS)Université d’AngersF‐49000AngersFrance
| | - Tristan Boureau
- IRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
- Platform PHENOTICIRHSINRA, Université d’AngersAgrocampus‐OuestSFR 4207 QuaSav49071BeaucouzéFrance
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