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Zhou H, Wan F, Jian Y, Guo F, Zhang M, Shi S, Yang L, Li S, Liu Y, Ding W. Chitosan/dsRNA polyplex nanoparticles advance environmental RNA interference efficiency through activating clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127021. [PMID: 37741481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, as a promising gene nanocarrier for enhancing RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency, displays tremendous application prospects in addressing dsRNA delivery concerns. However, the molecular mechanism of chitosan/dsRNA polyplex nanoparticles (PNs) for advancing dsRNA delivery efficiency remains largely unknown. Here, chitosan/dsRNA PNs were prepared by an electrostatic attraction method. The results showed that the chitosan/dsRNA PNs significantly advance stability, and cellular uptake efficiency of dsRNA, and RNAi efficiency. RNA-Seq and qPCR assays further revealed that chitosan/dsRNA PNs upregulated the key clathrin heavy chain (CHC) gene for activating clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) pathway. Additionally, inhibition of CDE hindered the robust RNAi responses of chitosan/dsRNA PNs using an inhibitor (chlorpromazine) and an RNAi-of-RNAi strategy. Ultimately, microscale thermophoresis assay confirmed that chitosan/dsRNA PNs directly bound to CHC protein, which was a core component in CDE, to advance RNAi efficiency. To our knowledge, our findings firstly illuminate the molecular mechanism how chitosan nanoparticles-based RNAi deliver dsRNA for enhancing RNAi efficiency. Above mechanism will advance the extensive utilization of nanocarrier-based RNAi in pest management and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Fenglin Wan
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yufan Jian
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shiyao Shi
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shili Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Wei Ding
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Sandal S, Singh S, Bansal G, Kaur R, Mogilicherla K, Pandher S, Roy A, Kaur G, Rathore P, Kalia A. Nanoparticle-Shielded dsRNA Delivery for Enhancing RNAi Efficiency in Cotton Spotted Bollworm Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Nolidae). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119161. [PMID: 37298113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The spotted bollworm Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) is a polyphagous pest with enormous economic significance, primarily affecting cotton and okra. However, the lack of gene sequence information on this pest has a significant constraint on molecular investigations and the formulation of superior pest management strategies. An RNA-seq-based transcriptome study was conducted to alleviate such limitations, and de novo assembly was performed to obtain transcript sequences of this pest. Reference gene identification across E. vittella developmental stages and RNAi treatments were conducted using its sequence information, which resulted in identifying transcription elongation factor (TEF), V-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase), and Glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as the most suitable reference genes for normalization in RT-qPCR-based gene expression studies. The present study also identified important developmental, RNAi pathway, and RNAi target genes and performed life-stage developmental expression analysis using RT-qPCR to select the optimal targets for RNAi. We found that naked dsRNA degradation in the E. vittella hemolymph is the primary reason for poor RNAi. A total of six genes including Juvenile hormone methyl transferase (JHAMT), Chitin synthase (CHS), Aminopeptidase (AMN), Cadherin (CAD), Alpha-amylase (AMY), and V-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase) were selected and knocked down significantly with three different nanoparticles encapsulated dsRNA conjugates, i.e., Chitosan-dsRNA, carbon quantum dots-dsRNA (CQD-dsRNA), and Lipofectamine-dsRNA conjugate. These results demonstrate that feeding nanoparticle-shielded dsRNA silences target genes and suggests that nanoparticle-based RNAi can efficiently manage this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelja Sandal
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 140072, Punjab, India
| | - Satnam Singh
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 140072, Punjab, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Suneet Pandher
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Roy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Gurmeet Kaur
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Rathore
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Anu Kalia
- Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
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Lyu Z, Xiong M, Mao J, Li W, Jiang G, Zhang W. A dsRNA delivery system based on the rosin-modified polyethylene glycol and chitosan induces gene silencing and mortality in Nilaparvata lugens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1518-1527. [PMID: 36519402 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been considered as a promising pest control strategy due to its species selectivity. One of the popular RNAs is exogenous double strand RNA (dsRNA). However, dsRNA is easily degraded by nucleases and is difficult to pass through the insect body walls, and these factors restrict the application of RNAi technology in pest management. Here, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), a major hemipteran pest of rice in Asia countries was used as a model insect, and a dsRNA topical delivery system was constructed. RESULTS The carrier part of the delivery system was composed of rosin-modified polyethylene glycol and chitosan, termed ROPE@C. When the N/P ratio was greater than 1:1.25, the dsRNA/ROPE@C complex encouraged full binding of the dsRNA. The gel electrophoresis results showed that ROPE@C improved the stability of dsRNA in the presence of nucleases in gut and lumen contents for at least 6 h and in the temperature range from 4 °C to 37 °C. The dsNlCHSA/ROPE@C/alkyl polyglycoside (APG) nano-formulation directly penetrated the body walls reaching hemocoel within 6 h, and consequently, the relative expression of chitin synthetase A (CHSA) in BPH was reduced by 54.3% and the mortality rate was 65.8%. CONCLUSION We developed an appropriate delivery method for dsRNA application in BPH, which is helpful for a large-scale application of RNAi pesticides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Lyu
- School of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingxin Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gangbiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- School of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Lu Q, Cui H, Li W, Liu T, Chen Q, Yang Q. Synthetic Nanoscale RNAi Constructs as Pesticides for the Control of Locust Migratoria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10762-10770. [PMID: 36000580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The low efficiency of RNA interference (RNAi) in insects via the oral administration of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a considerable obstacle preventing its application in insect pest control. The instability of dsRNA and insufficient dsRNA uptake are known to limit the RNAi efficiency. To overcome these limitations, the block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-polylysine(thiol) [PEG-PLys(SH)] was designed in this study to form well-defined, core-shell nanoparticles to protect dsRNA from premature degradation and to facilitate its movement through various physiological barriers. The developed material had excellent structural stability and dsRNA-protecting capacity, thereby enabling the prolonged survival of dsRNA in the digestive tract for endocytosis into the midgut cells of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. After encapsulation of a dsLmCHS2 payload (a midgut gene), a 60% down-regulation of LmCHS2, accompanied with observations of amorphous and discontinuous linings of the peritrophic matrix and abnormal phenotypes, was observed. In addition, the elaborated nanoscale dsRNA condensates appeared to readily extravasate through the narrow fenestrations in the linings of midgut epithelial cells into the hemolymph and be distributed throughout the body. After encapsulation of a dsLmCHS1 payload (a cuticle gene), a distinctive lethal phenotype with molting failure was observed as a result of a 50% down-regulation in LmCHS1. The persistent leaf adherence of these dsRNA constructs was also capable of resisting continuous rinsing. Therefore, these dsRNA constructs represent a robust type of RNAi pesticide, which has potential as a versatile pesticide against a variety of molecular targets for the control of destructive insects and insects resistant to conventional pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenda Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tian Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qixian Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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5
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Delgado-Martín J, Delgado-Olidén A, Velasco L. Carbon Dots Boost dsRNA Delivery in Plants and Increase Local and Systemic siRNA Production. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105338. [PMID: 35628147 PMCID: PMC9141514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we obtained carbon dots from glucose or saccharose as the nucleation source and passivated them with branched polyethylenimines for developing dsRNA nanocomposites. The CDs were fully characterized using hydrodynamic analyses, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ζ potential determined that the CDs had positive charges, good electrophoretic mobility and conductivity, and were suitable for obtaining dsRNA nanocomposites. DsRNA naked or coated with the CDs were delivered to leaves of cucumber plants by spraying. Quantitation of the dsRNA that entered the leaves showed that when coated with the CDs, 50-fold more dsRNA was detected than when naked dsRNA. Moreover, specific siRNAs derived from the sprayed dsRNAs were 13 times more abundant when the dsRNA was coated with the CDs. Systemic dsRNAs were determined in distal leaves and showed a dramatic increase in concentration when delivered as a nanocomposite. Similarly, systemic siRNAs were significantly more abundant in distal leaves when spraying with the CD-dsRNA nanocomposite. Furthermore, FITC-labeled dsRNA was shown to accumulate in the apoplast and increase its entry into the plant when coated with CDs. These results indicate that CDs obtained by hydrothermal synthesis are suitable for dsRNA foliar delivery in RNAi plant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josemaría Delgado-Martín
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria (IFAPA), Churriana, 290140 Malaga, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (A.D.-O.)
- Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Alejo Delgado-Olidén
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria (IFAPA), Churriana, 290140 Malaga, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Leonardo Velasco
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria (IFAPA), Churriana, 290140 Malaga, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (A.D.-O.)
- Correspondence:
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de Oliveira Filho JG, Silva GDC, Cipriano L, Gomes M, Egea MB. Control of postharvest fungal diseases in fruits using external application of RNAi. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3341-3348. [PMID: 34272735 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Contamination with a variety of filamentous fungi can cause deterioration of food and agricultural products. Fungal contaminations reduce the quality and the shelf life of fresh fruits and are one of the main causes of economic loss in the global fresh fruit industry. Although chemical fungicides are effective and traditionally used to control postharvest fungal diseases, they are harmful to human health. In this context, use of RNA interference (RNAi)-based fungicides is a promising alternative strategy. Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) is an innovative RNAi-based approach for silencing target genes in phytopathogens. This review aims to discuss the recent findings on the use of RNAi-based fungicides to control the postharvest spoilage of fresh fruits. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Control of postharvest fungal diseases is one of the most important strategies to make food available to consumers longer. In this sense, the external application of RNAi seems to be technologically advantageous and efficient as it helps to maintain the characteristics of plant products. In this sense, this review discussed what is possible to find in the literature regarding this new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme da Cruz Silva
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Cipriano
- Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gomes
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
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Boroumand H, Badie F, Mazaheri S, Seyedi ZS, Nahand JS, Nejati M, Baghi HB, Abbasi-Kolli M, Badehnoosh B, Ghandali M, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Against Viral Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:643953. [PMID: 33816349 PMCID: PMC8011499 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.643953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections, in addition to damaging host cells, can compromise the host immune system, leading to frequent relapse or long-term persistence. Viruses have the capacity to destroy the host cell while liberating their own RNA or DNA in order to replicate within additional host cells. The viral life cycle makes it challenging to develop anti-viral drugs. Nanotechnology-based approaches have been suggested to deal effectively with viral diseases, and overcome some limitations of anti-viral drugs. Nanotechnology has enabled scientists to overcome the challenges of solubility and toxicity of anti-viral drugs, and can enhance their selectivity towards viruses and virally infected cells, while preserving healthy host cells. Chitosan is a naturally occurring polymer that has been used to construct nanoparticles (NPs), which are biocompatible, biodegradable, less toxic, easy to prepare, and can function as effective drug delivery systems (DDSs). Furthermore, chitosan is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA). Chitosan NPs have been used in drug delivery by the oral, ocular, pulmonary, nasal, mucosal, buccal, or vaginal routes. They have also been studied for gene delivery, vaccine delivery, and advanced cancer therapy. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that chitosan NPs could be used as new therapeutic tools against viral infections. In this review we summarize reports concerning the therapeutic potential of chitosan NPs against various viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Boroumand
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Badie
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mazaheri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zeynab Sadat Seyedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Badehnoosh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghandali
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Gurusamy D, Mogilicherla K, Shukla JN, Palli SR. Lipids help double-stranded RNA in endosomal escape and improve RNA interference in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21678. [PMID: 32297364 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a valuable method for understanding the gene function and holds great potential for insect pest management. While RNAi is efficient and systemic in coleopteran insects, RNAi is inefficient in lepidopteran insects. In this study, we explored the possibility of improving RNAi in the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda cells by formulating dsRNA with Cellfectin II (CFII) transfection reagent. The CFII formulated dsRNA was protected from degradation by endonucleases present in Sf9 cells conditioned medium, hemolymph and midgut lumen contents collected from the FAW larvae. Lipid formulated dsRNA also showed reduced accumulation in the endosomes of Sf9 cells and FAW tissues. Exposing Sf9 cells and tissues to CFII formulated dsRNA caused a significant knockdown of endogenous genes. CFII formulated dsIAP fed to FAW larvae induced knockdown of iap gene, growth retardation and mortality. Processing of dsRNA into siRNA was detected in Sf9 cells and Spodoptera frugiperda larvae treated with CFII conjugated 32 P-UTP labeled dsGFP. Overall, the present study concluded that delivering dsRNA formulated with CFII transfection reagent helps dsRNA escapes from the endosomal accumulation and improved RNAi efficiency in the FAW cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhandapani Gurusamy
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546, USA
| | | | - Jayendra Nath Shukla
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546, USA
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546, USA
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Effective suppression of yellow head virus replication in Penaeus monodon hemocytes using constitutive expression vector for long-hairpin RNA (lhRNA). J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 175:107442. [PMID: 32663545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is employed to down-regulate the expression of specific genes of shrimp viral pathogens through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. The administration of dsRNA into shrimp has been shown to be an effective strategy to block yellow head virus (YHV) progression. In this study, a vector (pLVX-AcGFP1-N1) was developed to introduce a long-hairpin RNA (lhRNA) silencing cassette under a CMV promoter, so-called "pLVX-lhRdRp", against the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of YHV. A primary culture of hemocytes isolated from Penaeus monodon was transfected with the pLVX-lhRdRp vector, generating transcripts of lhRNAs as early as 12 h post transfection. Twelve hours prior to YHV challenge, the primary hemocyte cell culture was transfected with pLVX-lhRdRp, whereas control groups were transfected with pLVX-AcGFP1-N1 or no transfection. The group treated with pLVX-lhRdRp significantly suppressed YHV replication at 24-72 h after YHV challenge. The results from RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed that both mRNA and protein expression of YHV were effectively inhibited by the pLVX-lhRdRp vector. Thus, our hemocyte culture and dsRNA expression plasmid with constitutive promoter have potential as a platform to test DNA constructs expressing long-hairpin RNA against pathogenic viral infection and as a RNAi-based DNA vaccine in shrimp.
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10
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Sun Y, Wang P, Abouzaid M, Zhou H, Liu H, Yang P, Lin Y, Hull JJ, Ma W. Nanomaterial-wrapped dsCYP15C1, a potential RNAi-based strategy for pest control against Chilo suppressalis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2483-2489. [PMID: 32061016 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the utility of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated knockdown as an environmentally friendly pest management strategy has gained traction in recent years, its overall efficacy has been limited by poor stability and limited cellular uptake. Encapsulation of dsRNAs with various nanomaterials, however, has shown promise in overcoming these limitations. This study sought to investigate the biological efficacy of an oral dsRNA nanomaterial mixture targeting the CYP15C1 gene product in the economically important rice pest, Chilo suppressalis. RESULTS A putative CYP15C1 ortholog was cloned from C. suppressalis midguts. The transcript is downregulated in fifth-instar larvae and is most highly expressed in heads. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of CsCYP15C1 was associated with significantly increased mortality. More importantly, feeding a dsRNA-nanomaterial mixture significantly increased larval mortality compared with feeding dsRNA alone. CONCLUSION A critical role for CsCYP15C1 function in molting is supported by sequence similarity with known juvenile hormone epoxidases, its expression profile, and abnormal molting phenotypes associated with RNA-mediated knockdown. CsCYP15C1 is thus a prime target for controlling C. suppressalis. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated characterization of candidate gene function can be enhanced by incorporating an enveloping nanomaterial. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mostafa Abouzaid
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
| | - J Joe Hull
- U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Sinnuengnong R, Attasart P, Smith DR, Panyim S, Assavalapsakul W. Administration of co-expressed Penaeus stylirostris densovirus-like particles and dsRNA-YHV-Pro provide protection against yellow head virus in shrimp. J Biotechnol 2018; 267:63-70. [PMID: 29307838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the innate RNA interference pathway through double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) is one of the approaches to protecting shrimp from viruses. Previous studies have shown that injection of specific dsRNAs can successfully inhibit viral infection in shrimp. However, inhibition requires high levels of dsRNA and dsRNA stability in shrimp is limited. Virus-like particles (VLPs) have been applied to deliver nucleic acids into host cells because of the protection of dsRNAs from host endonucleases as well as the target specificity provided by VLPs. Therefore, this study aimed to develop Penaeus stylirostris densovirus (PstDNV) VLPs for dsRNA deliver to shrimp. The PstDNV capsid protein was expressed and can be self-assembled to form PstDNV VLPs. Co-expression of dsRNA-YHV-Pro and PstDNV capsid protein was achieved in the same bacterial cells, whose structure was displayed as the aggregation of VLPs by TEM. Tested for their inhibiting yellow head virus (YHV) from infecting shrimp, the dsRNA-YHV-Pro-PstDNV VLPs gave higher levels of YHV suppression and a greater reduction in shrimp mortality than the delivery of naked dsRNA-YHV-Pro. Therefore, PstDNV-VLPs are a promising vehicle for dsRNA delivery that maintains the anti-virus activity of dsRNA in shrimp over a longer period of time as compared to native dsRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapee Sinnuengnong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pongsopee Attasart
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sakol Panyim
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, 272 Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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12
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Wongwanakul R, Jianmongkol S, Gonil P, Sajomsang W, Maniratanachote R, Aueviriyavit S. Biocompatibility study of quaternized chitosan on the proliferation and differentiation of Caco-2 cells as an in vitro model of the intestinal barrier. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911516658780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of different chitosan derivatives for medical applications has increased recently. Among these chitosan derivatives, quaternized chitosan was designed to improve the solubility of chitosan in biological fluids for oral drug delivery while retaining the cationic character for mucoadhesion. However, the biocompatibility of quaternized chitosan on the human intestine is unknown. In this study, we aimed to examine the potential biological effects of quaternized chitosan on the intestinal barrier, in terms of cell proliferation and cell differentiation, using the Caco-2 cell line as an in vitro model. The lower the degree of substitution of quaternized chitosan, the lower the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effect on Caco-2 cells. In addition, the anti-proliferative effect of quaternized chitosan might induce a cell cycle disturbance and differentiation delay. Long-term continuous exposure (9 days) to quaternized chitosan caused a delay in differentiation of the Caco-2 cells even at non-cytotoxic quaternized chitosan doses (0.005% (w/v)), as shown by the low level of alkaline phosphatase in the quaternized chitosan–treated group compared to the control cells. In contrast, short-term discontinuous exposure to quaternized chitosan (0.005% (w/v) for 4 h/day over 9 days) that more realistically mimics the daily intestinal exposure did not inhibit the intestinal differentiation of Caco-2 cells. Thus, the use of a low degree of substitution and a low concentration of quaternized chitosan resulted in a good biocompatibility to the intestinal barrier supporting the potential usefulness of quaternized chitosan in the application of an oral drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratjika Wongwanakul
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suree Jianmongkol
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattarapond Gonil
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Warayuth Sajomsang
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Maniratanachote
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Aueviriyavit
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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13
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Shukla JN, Kalsi M, Sethi A, Narva KE, Fishilevich E, Singh S, Mogilicherla K, Palli SR. Reduced stability and intracellular transport of dsRNA contribute to poor RNAi response in lepidopteran insects. RNA Biol 2016; 13:656-69. [PMID: 27245473 PMCID: PMC4962799 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1191728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used reverse genetic tool to study gene function in eukaryotic organisms and is being developed as a technology for insect pest management. The efficiency of RNAi varies among organisms. Insects from different orders also display differential efficiency of RNAi, ranging from highly efficient (coleopterans) to very low efficient (lepidopterans). We investigated the reasons for varying RNAi efficiency between lepidopteran and coleopteran cell lines and also between the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens. The dsRNA either injected or fed was degraded faster in H. virescens than in L. decemlineata. Both lepidopteran and coleopteran cell lines and tissues efficiently took up the dsRNA. Interestingly, the dsRNA administered to coleopteran cell lines and tissues was taken up and processed to siRNA whereas the dsRNA was taken up by lepidopteran cell lines and tissues but no siRNA was detected in the total RNA isolated from these cell lines and tissues. The data included in this paper showed that the degradation and intracellular transport of dsRNA are the major factors responsible for reduced RNAi efficiency in lepidopteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayendra Nath Shukla
- a Department of Entomology , College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Megha Kalsi
- a Department of Entomology , College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Amit Sethi
- b Agricultural Biotechnology Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer , Johnston , IA , USA
| | | | | | - Satnam Singh
- a Department of Entomology , College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- a Department of Entomology , College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- a Department of Entomology , College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
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Ramesh Kumar D, Saravana Kumar P, Gandhi MR, Al-Dhabi NA, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Delivery of chitosan/dsRNA nanoparticles for silencing of wing development vestigial (vg) gene in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:89-95. [PMID: 26794313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has been used as a gene silencing strategy by the introduction of long double stranded RNA (dsRNA) for the control of pest insects. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the expression of vg gene which is responsible for wing development, can be repressed by chitosan/dsRNA based nanoparticles in Aedes aegypti. The vestigial gene (vg) was amplified from adult mosquito and cloned in pLitmus28i vector. Genetically engineered recombinant plasmid was transformed into RNase III deficient strain for synthesis of bacterially expressed dsRNA. Nanoparticles were prepared via electrostatic interaction between cationic polymer chitosan and anionic nucleic acids (dsRNA). The formation of chitosan/dsRNAnanoparticles and their size were confirmed by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Chitosan/dsRNA mediated knockdown of Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein (EGFP) was demonstrated in Sf21 cells. Further, we tested whether such an approach could be used to target vg gene in Ae. aegypti. The results showed that chitosan/dsRNA caused significant mortality, delayed growth development and caused adult wing-malformation. A qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the chitosan/dsRNA mediated transcriptional level was downregulated. Our findings suggest that vg gene intervention strategies through RNAi can emerge as viable option for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ramesh Kumar
- Aquatic animal health and environment division, Central institute of brackishwater aquaculture, Chennai 600028, India; Division of Microbiology and Molecular biology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, India
| | - P Saravana Kumar
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular biology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, India
| | - M Rajiv Gandhi
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, India
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Gabriel Paulraj
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, India
| | - S Ignacimuthu
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, India; Visiting Professor Program, Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Cowley J. Nidoviruses of Fish and Crustaceans. AQUACULTURE VIROLOGY 2016. [PMCID: PMC7150020 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801573-5.00032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Viruses with diverse virion architectures demarcated into four families in the order Nidovirales have been discovered in vertebrate mammalian and fish species, as well as in invertebrate crustacean and mosquito species. The order is unified by nidoviruses sharing intermediate (12.7 kb) to very long (31.7 kb) (+) ssRNA genomes, each possessing a long 5′-terminal gene encoding overlapping ORF1a and ORF1b reading frames that contain a diversity of functionally related enzymes and that are translated in toto using a −1 ribosomal frameshift mechanism, as well as by semiconserved strategies for transcribing a nested set of 3′-coterminal subgenomic mRNAs that translate the viral proteins. The nidovirus that is most important to an aquaculture species is yellow head virus (YHV), which causes disease in shrimp farmed throughout the Eastern Hemisphere and is classified in the genus Okavirus, family Roniviridae. Fathead minnow nidovirus, genus Bafinivirus, subfamily Torovirinae, family Coronaviridae, also causes disease in minnows grown for the baitfish industry in the United States. Virions similar in morphology to okaviruses and bafiniviruses have also been detected in several crab species. Of these, however, only Eriocheir sinensis ronivirus, which causes disease in the Chinese mitten crab, an important freshwater aquaculture species in China, has been shown to possess a ~22 kb ssRNA genome that supports its being a nidovirus, but its taxonomic classification awaits genome sequence analysis. This chapter provides an overview of the structure, replication and biology of these viruses with a particular focus on YHV disease characteristics, diagnostic methods and disease prevention strategies.
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16
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Thammasorn T, Sangsuriya P, Meemetta W, Senapin S, Jitrakorn S, Rattanarojpong T, Saksmerprome V. Large-scale production and antiviral efficacy of multi-target double-stranded RNA for the prevention of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:110. [PMID: 26626024 PMCID: PMC4667486 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA interference (RNAi) is a specific and effective approach for inhibiting viral replication by introducing double-stranded (ds)RNA targeting the viral gene. In this study, we employed a combinatorial approach to interfere multiple gene functions of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the most lethal shrimp virus, using a single-batch of dsRNA, so-called "multi-WSSV dsRNA." A co-cultivation of RNase-deficient E. coli was developed to produce dsRNA targeting a major structural protein (VP28) and a hub protein (WSSV051) with high number of interacting protein partners. RESULTS For a co-cultivation of transformed E. coli, use of Terrific broth (TB) medium was shown to improve the growth of the E. coli and multi-WSSV dsRNA yields as compared to the use of Luria Bertani (LB) broth. Co-culture expression was conducted under glycerol feeding fed-batch fermentation. Estimated yield of multi-WSSV dsRNA (μg/mL culture) from the fed-batch process was 30 times higher than that obtained under a lab-scale culture with LB broth. Oral delivery of the resulting multi-WSSV dsRNA reduced % cumulative mortality and delayed average time to death compared to the non-treated group after WSSV challenge. CONCLUSION The present study suggests a co-cultivation technique for production of antiviral dsRNA with multiple viral targets. The optimal multi-WSSV dsRNA production was achieved by the use of glycerol feeding fed-batch cultivation with controlled pH and dissolved oxygen. The cultivation technique developed herein should be feasible for industrial-scale RNAi applications in shrimp aquaculture. Interference of multiple viral protein functions by a single-batch dsRNA should also be an ideal approach for RNAi-mediated fighting against viruses, especially the large and complicated WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiporn Thammasorn
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Watcharachai Meemetta
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. .,National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Sarocha Jitrakorn
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. .,National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Triwit Rattanarojpong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
| | - Vanvimon Saksmerprome
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. .,National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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17
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Miryala B, Feng Y, Omer A, Potta T, Rege K. Quaternization enhances the transgene expression efficacy of aminoglycoside-derived polymers. Int J Pharm 2015; 489:18-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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Kolliopoulou A, Swevers L. Recent progress in RNAi research in Lepidoptera: intracellular machinery, antiviral immune response and prospects for insect pest control. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2014; 6:28-34. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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19
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Mi X, Vijayaragavan KS, Heldt CL. Virus adsorption of water-stable quaternized chitosan nanofibers. Carbohydr Res 2014; 387:24-9. [PMID: 24561959 PMCID: PMC7124237 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The burden of unsafe drinking water is responsible for millions of deaths each year. To relieve this burden, we are in search of an inexpensive material that can adsorb pathogens from drinking water. In this pursuit, we have studied the natural carbohydrate, chitosan. To impart virus removal features, chitosan has been functionalized with a quaternary amine to form quaternized chitosan N-[(2-hydroxyl-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan (HTCC). HTCC can be electrospun into nanofibers with the non-ionogenic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), creating a high surface area mat. High surface area is a major requirement for effective adsorption processes. HTCC is antiviral and antimicrobial, making it a good material for water purification. However, HTCC dissolves in water. We have explored the parameters to crosslink the nanofibers with glutaraldehyde. We have imparted water stability so there is a maximum of 30% swelling of the fibers after 6h in water. The water stable fibers retain their ability to adsorb virus, as shown for an enveloped and nonenveloped virus. HTCC now has the potential to be incorporated into a microfiltration membrane that can remove viruses. This could create an inexpensive, low pressure filtration membrane for drinking water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Mi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI, USA
| | - K Saagar Vijayaragavan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Caryn L Heldt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI, USA.
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20
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Thammasorn T, Somchai P, Laosutthipong C, Jitrakorn S, Wongtripop S, Thitamadee S, Withyachumnarnkul B, Saksmerprome V. Therapeutic effect of Artemia enriched with Escherichia coli expressing double-stranded RNA in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Antiviral Res 2013; 100:202-6. [PMID: 23962772 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We exploited Artemia as a double-stranded (ds)RNA-delivery system to combat viral diseases in shrimp. First, the transformed Escherichia coli (E. coli) expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) was tested in the Artemia enrichment process. RFP signals detectable in the gut of Artemia under confocal microscope were evident for the successful encapsulation. Second, the Artemia enrichment process was performed using E. coli producing Laem-Singh virus (LSNV)-specific dsRNA, which has been previously shown to inhibit the viral infection in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon by intramuscular injection and oral administration. The enriched Artemia nauplii were confirmed to contain dsRNA-LSNV by RT-PCR, and were subjected to the feeding test with P. monodon postlarvae. Quantitative RT-PCR indicated that a number of LSNV copies in most of the treated shrimp were, at least, 1000-fold lower than the untreated controls. During 11-17weeks after feeding, average body weight of the treated group was markedly increased relative to the control group. A smaller differential growth rate of the treated group as compared to the control was also noticed. These results suggested that feeding shrimp with the dsRNA-enriched Artemia can eliminate LSNV infection, which is the cause of retarded growth in P. monodon. The present study reveals for the first time the therapeutic effect of dsRNA-enriched Artemia for shrimp disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiporn Thammasorn
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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21
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Xu J, Nagata Y, Mon H, Li Z, Zhu L, Iiyama K, Kusakabe T, Lee JM. Soaking RNAi-mediated modification of Sf9 cells for baculovirus expression system by ectopic expression of Caenorhabditis elegans SID-1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5921-31. [PMID: 23467826 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological phenomenon that silences the expression of genes of interest. Passive double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) uptake has been uniquely observed in Caenorhabditis elegans due to the expression of systemic RNAi defective-1 (SID-1). We report that ectopic expression of CeSID-1 endows the Sf9 cells with a capacity for soaking RNAi. Soaking the Sf9-SID1 with dsRNA corresponding to either exogenous or endogenous target genes induced a significant decrease in the amount of mRNA or protein. These results enabled us to modify the target proteins of baculovirus expression vector system in both quantities and posttranslational modifications. The current low-cost and high-efficiency RNAi system is useful for high-throughput gene function analysis and mass production of recombinant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Silkworm Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 6-10-1 Hakozaki Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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