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Ullah A, Shin G, Lim SI. Human serum albumin binders: A piggyback ride for long-acting therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103738. [PMID: 37591409 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in the blood and has desirable properties as a drug carrier. One of the most promising ways to exploit HSA as a carrier is to append an albumin-binding moiety (ABM) to a drug for in situ HSA binding upon administration. Nature- and library-derived ABMs vary in size, affinity, and epitope, differentially improving the pharmacokinetics of an appended drug. In this review, we evaluate the current state of knowledge regarding various aspects of ABMs and the unique advantages of ABM-mediated drug delivery. Furthermore, we discuss how ABMs can be specifically modulated to maximize potential benefits in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Goeun Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Nbios Inc, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine BioResource Co., Ltd., 365, Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48548, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Jumapili NA, Zivalj M, Barthelmess RM, Raes G, De Groof TWM, Devoogdt N, Stijlemans B, Vincke C, Van Ginderachter JA. A few good reasons to use nanobodies for cancer treatment. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250024. [PMID: 37366246 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
mAbs have been instrumental for targeted cancer therapies. However, their relatively large size and physicochemical properties result in a heterogenous distribution in the tumor microenvironment, usually restricted to the first cell layers surrounding blood vessels, and a limited ability to penetrate the brain. Nanobodies are tenfold smaller, resulting in a deeper tumor penetration and the ability to reach cells in poorly perfused tumor areas. Nanobodies are rapidly cleared from the circulation, which generates a fast target-to-background contrast that is ideally suited for molecular imaging purposes but may be less optimal for therapy. To circumvent this problem, nanobodies have been formatted to noncovalently bind albumin, increasing their serum half-life without majorly increasing their size. Finally, nanobodies have shown superior qualities to infiltrate brain tumors as compared to mAbs. In this review, we discuss why these features make nanobodies prime candidates for targeted therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Ahishakiye Jumapili
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maida Zivalj
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romina Mora Barthelmess
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Stijlemans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cécile Vincke
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Song W, Wei W, Lan X, Cai W. Albumin binding improves nanobody pharmacokinetics for dual-modality PET/NIRF imaging of CEACAM5 in colorectal cancer models. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2591-2594. [PMID: 37191678 PMCID: PMC10330897 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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André AS, Moutinho I, Dias JNR, Aires-da-Silva F. In vivo Phage Display: A promising selection strategy for the improvement of antibody targeting and drug delivery properties. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:962124. [PMID: 36225354 PMCID: PMC9549074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.962124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of hybridoma technology, described by Kohler and Milstein in 1975, and the resulting ability to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) initiated a new era in antibody research and clinical development. However, limitations of the hybridoma technology as a routine antibody generation method in conjunction with high immunogenicity responses have led to the development of alternative approaches for the streamlined identification of most effective antibodies. Within this context, display selection technologies such as phage display, ribosome display, yeast display, bacterial display, and mammalian cell surface display have been widely promoted over the past three decades as ideal alternatives to traditional hybridoma methods. The display of antibodies on phages is probably the most widespread and powerful of these methods and, since its invention in late 1980s, significant technological advancements in the design, construction, and selection of antibody libraries have been made, and several fully human antibodies generated by phage display are currently approved or in various clinical development stages. With evolving novel disease targets and the emerging of a new generation of therapeutic antibodies, such as bispecific antibodies, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies, it is clear that phage display is expected to continue to play a central role in antibody development. Nevertheless, for non-standard and more demanding cases aiming to generate best-in-class therapeutic antibodies against challenging targets and unmet medical needs, in vivo phage display selections by which phage libraries are directly injected into animals or humans for isolating and identifying the phages bound to specific tissues offer an advantage over conventional in vitro phage display screening procedures. Thus, in the present review, we will first summarize a general overview of the antibody therapeutic market, the different types of antibody fragments, and novel engineered variants that have already been explored. Then, we will discuss the state-of-the-art of in vivo phage display methodologies as a promising emerging selection strategy for improvement antibody targeting and drug delivery properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. André
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isa Moutinho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana N. R. Dias
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Aires-da-Silva
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Frederico Aires-da-Silva,
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Yuan X, Qin Y, Tian Q, Liu C, Meng X, Qie B, Gao F, Huang Y, Xu G, Yang G, Zhu Y. Smart delivery of poly-peptide composite for effective cancer therapy. Biomed Mater 2022; 17:024103. [PMID: 34996052 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac494c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, multifunctional peptides have attracted increasing attention in the biomedical field. Peptides possess many impressive advantages, such as high penetration ability, low cost, and etc. However, the short half-life and instability of peptides limit their application. In this study, a poly-peptide drug loading system (called HKMA composite) was designed based on the different functionalities of four peptides. The peptide compositions of HKMA composite from N-terminal to C-terminal were HCBP1, KLA, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)-cleavable peptide and albumin-binding domain. The targeting and lethality of HKMA to NSCLC cell line H460 sphere cells and the half-life of the system were measuredin vivo. The results showed that the HKMA composite had a long half-life and specific killing effect on H460 sphere cellsin vitroandin vivo. Our result proposed smart peptide drug loading system and provided a potential methodology for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhou Qin
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuijuan Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhou Meng
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Qie
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Highly Specific Blood-Brain Barrier Transmigrating Single-Domain Antibodies Selected by an In Vivo Phage Display Screening. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101598. [PMID: 34683891 PMCID: PMC8540410 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A major bottleneck in the successful development of central nervous system (CNS) drugs is the discovery and design of molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nano-delivery strategies are a promising approach that take advantage of natural portals of entry into the brain such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting endogenous BBB receptors. However, the main selected mAbs rely on targeting broadly expressed receptors, such as the transferrin and insulin receptors, and in selection processes that do not fully mimic the native receptor conformation, leading to mistargeting and a low fraction of the administered dose effectively reaching the brain. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify new BBB receptors and explore novel antibody selection approaches that can allow a more selective delivery into the brain. Considering that in vitro models fail to completely mimic brain structure complexity, we explored an in vivo cell immunization approach to construct a rabbit derived single-domain antibody (sdAb) library towards BBB endothelial cell receptors. The sdAb antibody library was used in an in vivo phage display screening as a functional selection of novel BBB targeting antibodies. Following three rounds of selections, next generation sequencing analysis, in vitro brain endothelial barrier (BEB) model screenings and in vivo biodistribution studies, five potential sdAbs were identified, three of which reaching >0.6% ID/g in the brain. To validate the brain drug delivery proof-of-concept, the most promising sdAb, namely RG3, was conjugated at the surface of liposomes encapsulated with a model drug, the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (PAN). The translocation efficiency and activity of the conjugate liposome was determined in a dual functional in vitro BEB-glioblastoma model. The RG3 conjugated PAN liposomes enabled an efficient BEB translocation and presented a potent antitumoral activity against LN229 glioblastoma cells without influencing BEB integrity. In conclusion, our in vivo screening approach allowed the selection of highly specific nano-antibody scaffolds with promising properties for brain targeting and drug delivery.
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Xenaki KT, Dorresteijn B, Muns JA, Adamzek K, Doulkeridou S, Houthoff H, Oliveira S, van Bergen en Henegouwen PMP. Homogeneous tumor targeting with a single dose of HER2-targeted albumin-binding domain-fused nanobody-drug conjugates results in long-lasting tumor remission in mice. Theranostics 2021; 11:5525-5538. [PMID: 33859761 PMCID: PMC8039960 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The non-homogenous distribution of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) within solid tumors is a major limiting factor for their wide clinical application. Nanobodies have been shown to rapidly penetrate into xenografts, achieving more homogeneous tumor targeting. However, their rapid renal clearance can hamper their application as nanobody drug conjugates (NDCs). Here, we evaluate whether half-life extension via non-covalent interaction with albumin can benefit the efficacy of a HER2-targeted NDC. Methods: HER2-targeted nanobody 11A4 and the irrelevant nanobody R2 were genetically fused to an albumin-binding domain (ABD) at their C-terminus. Binding to both albumin and tumor cells was determined by ELISA-based assays. The internalization potential as well as the in vitro efficacy of NDCs were tested on HER2 expressing cells. Serum half-life of iodinated R2 and R2-ABD was studied in tumor-free mice. The distribution of fluorescently labelled 11A4 and 11A4-ABD was assessed in vitro in 3D spheroids. Subsequently, the in vivo distribution was evaluated by optical molecular imaging and ex vivo by tissue biodistribution and tumor immunohistochemical analysis after intravenous injection of IRDye800-conjugated nanobodies in mice bearing HER2-positive subcutaneous xenografts. Finally, efficacy studies were performed in HER2-positive NCI-N87 xenograft-bearing mice intravenously injected with a single dose (250 nmol/kg) of nanobodies conjugated to auristatin F (AF) either via a maleimide or the organic Pt(II)‑based linker, coined Lx®. Results: 11A4-ABD was able to bind albumin and HER2 and was internalized by HER2 expressing cells, irrespective of albumin presence. Interaction with albumin did not alter its distribution through 3D spheroids. Fusion to ABD resulted in a 14.8-fold increase in the serum half-life, as illustrated with the irrelevant nanobody. Furthermore, ABD fusion prolonged the accumulation of 11A4-ABD in HER2-expressing xenografts without affecting the expected homogenous intratumoral distribution. Next to that, reduced kidney retention of ABD-fused nanobodies was observed. Finally, a single dose administration of either 11A4-ABD-maleimide-AF or 11A4-ABD-Lx-AF led to long-lasting tumor remission in HER2-positive NCI-N87 xenograft-bearing mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that genetic fusion of a nanobody to ABD can significantly extend serum half-life, resulting in prolonged and homogenous tumor accumulation. Most importantly, as supported by the impressive anti-tumor efficacy observed after a single dose administration of 11A4-ABD-AF, our data reveal that monovalent internalizing ABD-fused nanobodies have potential for the development of highly effective NDCs.
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8
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Optimizing the anti-tumor efficacy of protein-drug conjugates by engineering the molecular size and half-life. J Control Release 2020; 327:186-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sheng W, Geng J, Li L, Shang Y, Jiang M, Zhen Y. An albumin‑binding domain and targeting peptide‑based recombinant protein and its enediyne‑integrated analogue exhibit directional delivery and potent inhibitory activity on pancreatic cancer with K‑ras mutation. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:851-863. [PMID: 32020213 PMCID: PMC7041235 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient enrichment and transmembrane transport of cytotoxic reagents are considered to be effective strategies to increase the efficiency and selectivity of antitumor drugs targeting solid tumors. In the present study, a recombinant protein ABD‑LDP‑Ec consisting of the albumin‑binding domain (ABD), the apoprotein (LDP) of lidamycin (LDM) and an EGFR‑targeting oligopeptide (Ec) was prepared by DNA recombination and bacterial fermentation, and was integrated with the enediyne chromophore (AE) of lidamycin to generate its enediyne‑integrated analogue ABD‑LDP‑Ec‑AE. ABD‑LDP‑Ec exhibited high binding capacity to both albumin and EGFR‑positive pancreatic cancer cells, and was internalized into the cytoplasm through receptor‑mediated endocytosis and albumin‑driven macropinocytosis of K‑ras mutant cells. In animal experiments, ABD‑LDP‑Ec demonstrated notable selective distribution in pancreatic carcinoma xenografts by passive targeting of albumin captured in the blood and was retained in the tumor for 48 h. ABD‑LDP‑Ec and ABD‑LDP‑Ec‑AE exhibited inhibitory activity in cell proliferation and AsPC‑1 xenograft growth, and ABD‑LDP‑Ec‑AE increased the tumor growth inhibition rate by 20% compared with natural LDM. The results indicated that the introduction of ABD‑based multi‑functional drug delivery may be an effective approach to improve the efficacy of antitumor drugs, especially for K‑ras mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Sheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jing Geng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yue Shang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yongsu Zhen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Mackness BC, Jaworski JA, Boudanova E, Park A, Valente D, Mauriac C, Pasquier O, Schmidt T, Kabiri M, Kandira A, Radošević K, Qiu H. Antibody Fc engineering for enhanced neonatal Fc receptor binding and prolonged circulation half-life. MAbs 2019; 11:1276-1288. [PMID: 31216930 PMCID: PMC6748615 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1633883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) promotes antibody recycling through rescue from normal lysosomal degradation. The binding interaction is pH-dependent with high affinity at low pH, but not under physiological pH conditions. Here, we combined rational design and saturation mutagenesis to generate novel antibody variants with prolonged half-life and acceptable development profiles. First, a panel of saturation point mutations was created at 11 key FcRn-interacting sites on the Fc region of an antibody. Multiple variants with slower FcRn dissociation kinetics than the wildtype (WT) antibody at pH 6.0 were successfully identified. The mutations were further combined and characterized for pH-dependent FcRn binding properties, thermal stability and the FcγRIIIa and rheumatoid factor binding. The most promising variants, YD (M252Y/T256D), DQ (T256D/T307Q) and DW (T256D/T307W), exhibited significantly improved binding to FcRn at pH 6.0 and retained similar binding properties as WT at pH 7.4. The pharmacokinetics in human FcRn transgenic mice and cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated that these properties translated to significantly prolonged plasma elimination half-life compared to the WT control. The novel variants exhibited thermal stability and binding to FcγRIIIa in the range comparable to clinically validated YTE and LS variants, and showed no enhanced binding to rheumatoid factor compared to the WT control. These engineered Fc mutants are promising new variants that are widely applicable to therapeutic antibodies, to extend their circulation half-life with obvious benefits of increased efficacy, and reduced dose and administration frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Park
- Biologics Research, Sanofi , Framingham , MA , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huawei Qiu
- Biologics Research, Sanofi , Framingham , MA , USA
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Brandl F, Merten H, Zimmermann M, Béhé M, Zangemeister-Wittke U, Plückthun A. Influence of size and charge of unstructured polypeptides on pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of targeted fusion proteins. J Control Release 2019; 307:379-392. [PMID: 31252038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alternative non-IgG binding proteins developed for therapy are small in size and, thus, are rapidly cleared from the circulation by renal filtration. To avoid repeated injection or continuous infusion for the maintenance of therapeutic serum concentrations, extensions of unfolded polypeptides have been developed to prolong serum half-life, but systematic, comparative studies investigating the influence of their size and charge on serum half-life, extravasation, tumor localization and excretion mechanisms have so far been lacking. Here we used a high-affinity Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein (DARPin) targeting the tumor marker epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in a preclinical tumor xenograft model in mice, and fused it with a series of defined unstructured polypeptides. We used three different sizes of two previously described polypeptides, an uncharged one consisting of only Pro, Ala and Ser (termed PAS) and a charged one consisting of Pro, Ala, Ser, Thr, Gly, Glu (termed XTEN) and performed for the first time a precise comparative localization, distribution and extravasation study. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a clear linear relationship between hydrodynamic radius and serum half-life across both polypeptides, reaching a half-life of up to 21 h in mice. Tumor uptake was EpCAM-dependent and directly proportional to half-life and size, showing an even tumor penetration for all fusion proteins without unspecific accumulation in non-target tissue. Unexpectedly, charge had no influence on any parameter, neither tumor nor tissue accumulation nor kidney elimination kinetics. Thus, both polypeptide types have a very similar potential for precise half-life modification and tumor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Brandl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Merten
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Zimmermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Béhé
- Center of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Zangemeister-Wittke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Iezzi ME, Policastro L, Werbajh S, Podhajcer O, Canziani GA. Single-Domain Antibodies and the Promise of Modular Targeting in Cancer Imaging and Treatment. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29520274 PMCID: PMC5827546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and their fragments have significantly changed the outcome of cancer in the clinic, effectively inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, triggering antibody-dependent immune effector cell activation and complement mediated cell death. Along with a continued expansion in number, diversity, and complexity of validated tumor targets there is an increasing focus on engineering recombinant antibody fragments for lead development. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), in particular those engineered from the variable heavy-chain fragment (VHH gene) found in Camelidae heavy-chain antibodies (or IgG2 and IgG3), are the smallest fragments that retain the full antigen-binding capacity of the antibody with advantageous properties as drugs. For similar reasons, growing attention is being paid to the yet smaller variable heavy chain new antigen receptor (VNAR) fragments found in Squalidae. sdAbs have been selected, mostly from immune VHH libraries, to inhibit or modulate enzyme activity, bind soluble factors, internalize cell membrane receptors, or block cytoplasmic targets. This succinct review is a compilation of recent data documenting the application of engineered, recombinant sdAb in the clinic as epitope recognition “modules” to build monomeric, dimeric and multimeric ligands that target, tag and stall solid tumor growth in vivo. Size, affinity, specificity, and the development profile of sdAbs drugs are seemingly consistent with desirable clinical efficacy and safety requirements. But the hepatotoxicity of the tetrameric anti-DR5-VHH drug in patients with pre-existing anti-drug antibodies halted the phase I clinical trial and called for a thorough pre-screening of the immune and poly-specific reactivities of the sdAb leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Iezzi
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Policastro
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio Nanomedicina, Gerencia de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Proyectos Especiales, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Werbajh
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Podhajcer
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Alicia Canziani
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhang Y, Sun T, Jiang C. Biomacromolecules as carriers in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:34-50. [PMID: 29872621 PMCID: PMC5985630 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural biomacromolecules have attracted increased attention as carriers in biomedicine in recent years because of their inherent biochemical and biophysical properties including renewability, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, long blood circulation time and targeting ability. Recent advances in our understanding of the biological functions of natural-origin biomacromolecules and the progress in the study of biological drug carriers indicate that such carriers may have advantages over synthetic material-based carriers in terms of half-life, stability, safety and ease of manufacture. In this review, we give a brief introduction to the biochemical properties of the widely used biomacromolecule-based carriers such as albumin, lipoproteins and polysaccharides. Then examples from the clinic and in recent laboratory development are summarized. Finally the current challenges and future prospects of present biological carriers are discussed.
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Key Words
- ABD, albumin binding domain
- ACM, aclacinomycin
- ACS, absorbable collagen sponge
- ADH, adipic dihydrazide
- ART, artemisinin
- ASF, Antheraea mylitta silk fibroin
- ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid
- ATS, artesunate
- BCEC, brain capillary endothelial cells
- BMP-2, bone morphogenetic protein-2
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- BSF, Bombyx mori silk fibroin
- Biomacromolecule
- CC-HAM, core-crosslinked polymeric micelle based hyaluronic acid
- CD, cyclodextrin
- CD-NPs, amphiphilic MMA–tBA β-CD star copolymers that are capable of forming nanoparticles
- CD-g-CS, chitosan grafted with β-cyclodextrin
- CD/BP, cyclodextrin–bisphosphonate complexes
- CIA, collagen-induced arthritis
- CM, collagen matrices
- CMD-ChNP, carboxylmethyl dextran chitosan nanoparticle
- DHA, dihydroartesunate
- DOXO-EMCH, (6-maleimidocaproyl)hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin
- DOX–TRF, doxorubincin–transferrin conjugate
- DTX-HPLGA, HA coated PLGA nanoparticulate docetaxel
- Drug delivery
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial mesenchymal transition
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FcRn, neonatal Fc receptor
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- GC-DOX, glycol–chitosan–doxorubicin conjugate
- GDNF, glial-derived neurotrophic factor
- GO, grapheme oxide
- GSH, glutathione
- Gd, gadolinium
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HA-CA, catechol-modified hyaluronic acid
- HCF, heparin-conjugated fibrin
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HEK, human embryonic kidney
- HSA, human serum albumin
- IDL, intermediate density lipoprotein
- INF, interferon
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LDLR, low density lipoprotein receptor
- LDV, leucine–aspartic acid–valine
- LMWH, low molecular weight heparin
- MSA, mouse serum albumin
- MTX–HSA, methotrexate–albumin conjugate
- NIR, near-infrared
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- OP-Gel-NS, oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosliver
- PEC, polyelectrolyte
- PTX, paclitaxel
- Polysaccharide
- Protein
- RES, reticuloendothelial system
- RGD, Arg–Gly–Asp peptide
- SF, silk fibroin
- SF-CSNP, silk fibroin modified chitosan nanoparticle
- SFNP, silk fibroin nanoparticle
- SPARC, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine
- TRAIL, tumor-necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- Tf, transferrin
- TfR, transferrin receptor
- Tissue engineering
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- pDNA, plasmid DNA
- rHDL, recombinant HDL
- rhEGF-2/HA, recombinant human fibroblast growth factor type 2 in a hyaluronic acid carrier
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Xenaki KT, Oliveira S, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP. Antibody or Antibody Fragments: Implications for Molecular Imaging and Targeted Therapy of Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1287. [PMID: 29075266 PMCID: PMC5643388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibody-based therapeutics has proven very promising for clinical applications in cancer patients, with multiple examples of antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates successfully applied for the treatment of solid tumors and lymphomas. Given reported recurrence rates, improvements are clearly still necessary. A major factor limiting the efficacy of antibody-targeted cancer therapies may be the incomplete penetration of the antibody or antibody–drug conjugate into the tumor. Incomplete tumor penetration also affects the outcome of molecular imaging, when using such targeting agents. From the injection site until they arrive inside the tumor, targeting molecules are faced with several barriers that impact intratumoral distribution. The primary means of antibody transport inside tumors is based on diffusion. The diffusive penetration inside the tumor is influenced by both antibody properties, such as size and binding affinity, as well as tumor properties, such as microenvironment, vascularization, and targeted antigen availability. Engineering smaller antibody fragments has shown to improve the rate of tumor uptake and intratumoral distribution. However, it is often accompanied by more rapid clearance from the body and in several cases also by inherent destabilization and reduction of the binding affinity of the antibody. In this perspective, we discuss different cancer targeting approaches based on antibodies or their fragments. We carefully consider how their size and binding properties influence their intratumoral uptake and distribution, and how this may affect cancer imaging and therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina T Xenaki
- Division of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Division of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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