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Dekempeneer Y, Massa S, Santens F, Navarro L, Berdal M, Lucero MM, Pombo Antunes AR, Lahoutte T, Van Ginderachter JA, Devoogdt N, D'Huyvetter M. Preclinical Evaluation of a Radiotheranostic Single-Domain Antibody Against Fibroblast Activation Protein α. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1941-1948. [PMID: 38040444 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) is highly expressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts of epithelial-derived cancers. Breast, colon, and pancreatic tumors often show strong desmoplastic reactions, which result in a dominant presence of stromal cells. FAP has gained interest as a target for molecular imaging and targeted therapies. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) are the smallest antibody-derived fragments with beneficial pharmacokinetic properties for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. Methods: We describe the generation, selection, and characterization of a sdAb against FAP. In mice, we assessed its imaging and therapeutic potential after radiolabeling with tracer-dose 131I and 68Ga for SPECT and PET imaging, respectively, and with 131I and 225Ac for targeted radionuclide therapy. Results: The lead sdAb, 4AH29, exhibiting picomolar affinity for a distinct FAP epitope, recognized both purified and membrane-bound FAP protein. Radiolabeled versions, including [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-4AH29, [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-4AH29, and [131I]I-guanidinomethyl iodobenzoate (GMIB)-4AH29, displayed radiochemical purities exceeding 95% and effectively bound to recombinant human FAP protein and FAP-positive GM05389 human fibroblasts. These radiolabeled compounds exhibited rapid and specific accumulation in human FAP-positive U87-MG glioblastoma tumors, with low but specific uptake in lymph nodes, uterus, bone, and skin (∼2-3 percentage injected activity per gram of tissue [%IA/g]). Kidney clearance of unbound [131I]I-GMIB-4AH29 was fast (<1 %IA/g after 24 h), whereas [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-4AH29 exhibited slower clearance (8.07 ± 1.39 %IA/g after 24 h and 2.47 ± 0.18 %IA/g after 96 h). Mice treated with [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-4AH29 and [131I]I-GMIB-4AH29 demonstrated prolonged survival compared with those receiving vehicle solution. Conclusion: [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-4AH29 and [131I]I-GMIB-4AH29 enable precise FAP-positive tumor detection in mice. Therapeutic [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-4AH29 and [131I]I-GMIB-4AH29 exhibit strong and sustained tumor targeting, resulting in dose-dependent therapeutic effects in FAP-positive tumor-bearing mice, albeit with kidney toxicity observed later for [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-4AH29. This study confirms the potential of radiolabeled sdAb 4AH29 as a radiotheranostic agent for FAP-positive cancers, warranting clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tony Lahoutte
- Precirix NV/SA, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; and
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Precirix NV/SA, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- Precirix NV/SA, Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Völker LA, Brinkkoetter PT, Cataland SR, Masias C. Five years of caplacizumab - lessons learned and remaining controversies in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2718-2725. [PMID: 37562668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare hematologic disease caused by autoantibodies against ADAMTS-13 that trigger microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Therapeutic plasma exchange and glucocorticoids have been the mainstay of treatment for the past 30 years. In 2019, caplacizumab was approved as an addition to this regimen for the acute treatment of iTTP. Randomized controlled trials and real-world evidence have shown that caplacizumab reduces the time to platelet count normalization, refractoriness, and exacerbations of the disease, with an acceptable safety profile. In the past 5 years, there have been arguments against the upfront use of caplacizumab in all patients with iTTP, particularly related to the perceived lack of clinical benefit, safety concerns related to bleeding risk, and high costs. This perspective aimed to address these concerns in the context of the experience of expert centers that have used the drug for >5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Alexander Völker
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Paul Thomas Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Spero R Cataland
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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3
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Aripov VS, Volkova NV, Taranin AV, Mechetina LV, Chikaev NA, Nayakshin AM, Nesmeyanova VS, Isaeva AA, Merkul'eva YA, Shanshin DV, Belenkaya SV, Ilyichev AA, Shcherbakov DN. The Search for Single-Domain Antibodies Interacting with the Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Surface Protein. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023:10.1007/s10517-023-05839-6. [PMID: 37464199 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We performed a search for nanoantibodies that specifically interact with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 surface protein. The specificity of single-domain antibodies from the blood sera of a llama immunized with RBD of SARS-CoV-2 surface protein S (variant B.1.1.7 (Alpha)) was analyzed by ELISA. Recombinant trimers of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were used as antigens. In this work, a set of single-domain antibodies was obtained that specifically bind to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Aripov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia.
| | - N V Volkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - A V Taranin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L V Mechetina
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N A Chikaev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A M Nayakshin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V S Nesmeyanova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - A A Isaeva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - Yu A Merkul'eva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - D V Shanshin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - S V Belenkaya
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - A A Ilyichev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - D N Shcherbakov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
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4
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Irani M, Habibi-Anbouhi M, Behdani M, Kazemi-Lomedasht F. Targeting of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 by a novel specific nanobody. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 54:307-316. [PMID: 37452673 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2233583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of FGFR2 signaling is promising in targeted therapy of FGFR2-related tumors. In this study, anti-FGFR2 nanobodies (Nbs) were isolated through screening of an immune camelid phage display library. Four rounds of biopanning were carried out with commercial human FGFR2 antigen and enrichment was assessed by ELISA and phage titration. The gene of Nb was sub-cloned into the expression vector, and the recombinant vector was transformed into Escherichia coli WK6 cells. The recombinant protein was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The anti-FGFR2 Nb (C13) was characterized by SDS-PAGE, western blotting, competitive inhibition ELISA, flow cytometry, MTT, and migration assay. C13 Nb recognized FGFR2 with high specificity and no cross-reactivity was observed with other tested antigens. The affinity of C13 Nb was calculated to be 1.5 × 10-9 M. Results of cytotoxicity showed that C13 Nb (10 µg/ml) inhibited 85% of the proliferation of T-47D cells (p < 0.001). In addition, C13 inhibited the migration of 68% of T-47D toward the source of the growth factor (p < 0.01). The flow cytometry showed that C13 Nb bound to the surface of FGFR2+ cells, T-47D cell line (96%). Results indicate the potential of anti-FGFR2 Nb for targeted therapy of FGFR2-overexpressing tumors after complementary investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Irani
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Behdani
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Hurley K, Cao M, Huang H, Wang Y. Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) with Single-Domain Antibodies (Nanobodies). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3493. [PMID: 37444603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent threat of cancer necessitates the development of improved and more efficient therapeutic strategies that limit damage to healthy tissues. Targeted alpha therapy (TαT), a novel form of radioimmuno-therapy (RIT), utilizes a targeting vehicle, commonly antibodies, to deliver high-energy, but short-range, alpha-emitting particles specifically to cancer cells, thereby reducing toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. Although full-length antibodies are often employed as targeting vehicles for TαT, their high molecular weight and the presence of an Fc-region lead to a long blood half-life, increased bone marrow toxicity, and accumulation in other tissues such as the kidney, liver, and spleen. The discovery of single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), or nanobodies, naturally occurring in camelids and sharks, has introduced a novel antigen-specific vehicle for molecular imaging and TαT. Given that nanobodies are the smallest naturally occurring antigen-binding fragments, they exhibit shorter relative blood half-lives, enhanced tumor uptake, and equivalent or superior binding affinity and specificity. Nanobody technology could provide a viable solution for the off-target toxicity observed with full-length antibody-based TαT. Notably, the pharmacokinetic properties of nanobodies align better with the decay characteristics of many short-lived α-emitting radionuclides. This review aims to encapsulate recent advancements in the use of nanobodies as a vehicle for TαT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hurley
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Meiyun Cao
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Haiming Huang
- Research Center, Forlong Biotechnology Inc., Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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6
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Petersson M, Thrane SW, Gram L, Muyldermans S, Laustsen AH. Orally delivered single-domain antibodies against gastrointestinal pathogens. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:875-886. [PMID: 36774206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) are exceptionally stable fragments derived from the antigen-binding domains of immunoglobulins. They can withstand extreme pH, high temperature, and proteolysis, making them suitable for controlling gastrointestinal (GI) infections in humans and animals. sdAbs may function in their native soluble form, although different derived protein formats and the use of delivery vehicles can be useful for improved oral delivery. We discuss selected examples of the use of orally delivered sdAbs for protecting humans and animals against GI infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites. We finally provide perspectives on how sdAbs may be applied industrially and what challenges should be overcome for orally delivered sdAbs to reach the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Petersson
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Bactolife A/S, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | | | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andreas H Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Bactolife A/S, Copenhagen East, Denmark.
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7
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Liu C, Yang Q, Lin H, Cao L, Wang K, Sui J. Biopanning, Heterologous Expression, and Characterization of a Shark-Derived Single-Domain Antibody Fusion Protein against Pancreatic Lipase. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37257170 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, obesity severely impacts human health and is the fifth leading risk factor that leads to death globally. Pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors have attracted extensive attention owing to their role in effective prevention and treatment of obesity. Here, a shark-derived single-domain antibody fusion protein was used to inhibit PL for the first time. After biopanning, the heterologous expression system pET28a-SUMO-D2 was constructed using the method of double restriction enzyme digestion and T4 ligase to achieve the soluble expression of the PL-specific antibody gene D2. According to the calculation of protein concentration, the final expression of fusion protein PL-D2S was 1.183 mg per liter of Luria Bertani broth. The binding ability of the soluble fusion protein PL-D2S to PL was identified. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that the fusion protein PL-D2S exhibited a strong binding affinity to PL. The experimental results of PL inhibition of PL-D2S in vitro showed that the fusion protein could significantly inhibit the activity of PL, with an IC50 of 404 μg/mL. Our study shows that the fusion protein PL-D2S is a potential PL inhibitor to prevent and treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, #1399 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, #1399 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, #1399 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Limin Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, #1399 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, #1399 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, #1399 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
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8
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Delfin-Riela T, Rossotti MA, Mattiuzzo G, Echaides C, González-Sapienza G. Nanobody-Based Blocking of Binding ELISA for the Detection of Anti-NS1 Zika-Virus-Specific Antibodies in Convalescent Patients. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8010055. [PMID: 36668962 PMCID: PMC9862682 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus has spread around the world with rapid pace in the last five years. Although symptoms are typically mild and unspecific, Zika's major impact occurs during pregnancy, generating a congenital syndrome. Serology plays a key role in its diagnosis. However, its use is limited due to the uncertainty caused by the cross-reaction of antibodies elicited in response to other flavivirus infections when tested in direct immunoassays. Using a panel of previously generated anti-Zika non-structural protein 1 (NS1) nanobodies, a set was selected that only recognizes epitopes present in Zika and is immunogenic to humans. A proper arrangement of these nanobodies was made and conditions were optimized in order to develop a novel serology assay. This new ELISA relies on the inhibition of the binding of a set of selected nanobodies to Zika-immobilized NS1 when previously incubated with Zika convalescent sera. Using the developed blocking of binding assay, it was possible to discriminate between Zika-specific and cross-reactive antibodies in serum samples from infections with Zika and other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triana Delfin-Riela
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Martín A. Rossotti
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Giada Mattiuzzo
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC)-MHRA, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | | | - Gualberto González-Sapienza
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +598-24874334
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9
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Swofford CA, Nordeen SA, Chen L, Desai MM, Chen J, Springs SL, Schwartz TU, Sinskey AJ. Structure and Specificity of an Anti-Chloramphenicol Single Domain Antibody for Detection of Amphenicol Residues. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4457. [PMID: 36153664 PMCID: PMC9601811 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics in aquaculture prevent bacterial infection of fish, but their misuse is a public health risk and contributes to the unintentional creation of multiresistant pathogens. Regulatory agencies cannot do the rigorous, expensive testing required to keep up with the volume of seafood shipments. Current rapid test kits for these drugs enable the increase in testing needed for adequate monitoring of food supply chains, but they lack a high degree of accuracy. To combat this, we set out to discover and engineer single‐domain antibodies (VHHs) that bind to small molecule antibiotics, and that can be used in rapid test kits. The small size, solubility, and stability of VHHs are useful properties that can improve the reliability and shelf‐life of test kits for these adulterants. Here, we report a novel anti‐chloramphenicol VHH (Chl‐VHH) with a disassociation constant of 57 nM. This was achieved by immunizing a llama against a chloramphenicol‐keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate and screening for high affinity binders through phage display. The crystal structure of the bound‐VHH to chloramphenicol was key to identifying a mutation in the binding pocket that resulted in a 16‐fold improvement in binding affinity. In addition, the structure provides new insights into VHH‐hapten interactions that can guide future engineering of VHHs against additional targets. PDB Code(s): 7TJC;
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Swofford
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.,Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sarah A Nordeen
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lu Chen
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mahaam M Desai
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Joanna Chen
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Stacy L Springs
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Thomas U Schwartz
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Anthony J Sinskey
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.,Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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10
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Sedzro JC, Adam F, Auditeau C, Bianchini E, De Carvalho A, Peyron I, Daramé S, Gandrille S, Thomassen S, Hackeng TM, Christophe OD, Lenting PJ, Denis CV, Borgel D, Saller F. Antithrombotic potential of a single-domain antibody enhancing the activated protein C-cofactor activity of protein S. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1653-1664. [PMID: 35445541 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein S (PS) is a natural anticoagulant acting as a cofactor for activated protein C (APC) in the proteolytic inactivation of activated factors V (FVa) and VIII (FVIIIa), but also for tissue factor pathway inhibitor α (TFPIα) in the inhibition of activated factor X (FXa). OBJECTIVE For therapeutic purposes, we aimed at generating single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) that could specifically modulate the APC-cofactor activity of PS in vivo. METHODS A llama-derived immune library of sdAbs was generated and screened on recombinant human PS by phage display. PS binders were tested in a global activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)-based APC-cofactor activity assay. RESULTS A PS-specific sdAb (PS003) was found to enhance the APC-cofactor activity of PS in our APTT-based assay, and this enhancing effect was greater for a bivalent form of PS003 (PS003biv). Further characterization of PS003biv demonstrated that PS003biv also enhanced the APC-cofactor activity of PS in a tissue factor (TF)-induced thrombin generation assay and stimulated APC in the inactivation of FVa, but not FVIIIa, in plasma-based assays. Furthermore, PS003biv was directed against the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-like domain but did not inhibit the binding of PS to C4b-binding protein (C4BP) and did not interfere with the TFPIα-cofactor activity of PS. In mice, PS003biv exerted an antithrombotic effect in a FeCl3 -induced thrombosis model, while not affecting physiological hemostasis in a tail-clip bleeding model. DISCUSSION Altogether, these results showed that pharmacological enhancement of the APC-cofactor activity of PS through an original anti-PS sdAb might constitute a promising and safe antithrombotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josepha C Sedzro
- Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose (HITh), UMR-S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Adam
- Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose (HITh), UMR-S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Claire Auditeau
- Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose (HITh), UMR-S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Elsa Bianchini
- Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose (HITh), UMR-S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Allan De Carvalho
- Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose (HITh), UMR-S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ivan Peyron
- Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose (HITh), UMR-S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sadyo Daramé
- Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose (HITh), UMR-S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sophie Gandrille
- Innovations Thérapeutiques en Hémostase, UMR-S1140, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Stella Thomassen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier D Christophe
- Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose (HITh), UMR-S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter J Lenting
- Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose (HITh), UMR-S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cécile V Denis
- Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose (HITh), UMR-S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Delphine Borgel
- Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose (HITh), UMR-S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - François Saller
- Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose (HITh), UMR-S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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11
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Hansmeier NR, Büschlen IS, Behncke RY, Ulferts S, Bisoendial R, Hägerling R. 3D Visualization of Human Blood Vascular Networks Using Single-Domain Antibodies Directed against Endothelial Cell-Selective Adhesion Molecule (ESAM). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084369. [PMID: 35457187 PMCID: PMC9028812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality three-dimensional (3D) microscopy allows detailed, unrestricted and non-destructive imaging of entire volumetric tissue specimens and can therefore increase the diagnostic accuracy of histopathological tissue analysis. However, commonly used IgG antibodies are oftentimes not applicable to 3D imaging, due to their relatively large size and consequently inadequate tissue penetration and penetration speed. The lack of suitable reagents for 3D histopathology can be overcome by an emerging class of single-domain antibodies, referred to as nanobodies (Nbs), which can facilitate rapid and superior 2D and 3D histological stainings. Here, we report the generation and experimental validation of Nbs directed against the human endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (hESAM), which enables spatial visualization of blood vascular networks in whole-mount 3D imaging. After analysis of Nb binding properties and quality, selected Nb clones were validated in 2D and 3D imaging approaches, demonstrating comparable staining qualities to commercially available hESAM antibodies in 2D, as well as rapid and complete staining of entire specimens in 3D. We propose that the presented hESAM-Nbs can serve as novel blood vessel markers in academic research and can potentially improve 3D histopathological diagnostics of entire human tissue specimens, leading to improved treatment and superior patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rouven Hansmeier
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Research Group ‘Development and Disease’, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Sophie Büschlen
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rose Yinghan Behncke
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Ulferts
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Radjesh Bisoendial
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Maasstad Hospital, Maasstadweg 21, 3079 DZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Hägerling
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Research Group ‘Development and Disease’, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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12
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Favorskaya IA, Shcheblyakov DV, Esmagambetov IB, Dolzhikova IV, Alekseeva IA, Korobkova AI, Voronina DV, Ryabova EI, Derkaev AA, Kovyrshina AV, Iliukhina AA, Botikov AG, Voronina OL, Egorova DA, Zubkova OV, Ryzhova NN, Aksenova EI, Kunda MS, Logunov DY, Naroditsky BS, Gintsburg AL. Single-Domain Antibodies Efficiently Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822159. [PMID: 35281053 PMCID: PMC8907979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-neutralizing antibodies are one of the few treatment options for COVID-19. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the emergence of virus variants with reduced sensitivity to some antibody-based therapies. The development of potent antibodies with a broad spectrum of neutralizing activity is urgently needed. Here we isolated a panel of single-domain antibodies that specifically bind to the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein. Three of the selected antibodies exhibiting most robust neutralization potency were used to generate dimeric molecules. We observed that these modifications resulted in up to a 200-fold increase in neutralizing activity. The most potent heterodimeric molecule efficiently neutralized each of SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants. This heterodimeric molecule could be a promising drug candidate for a treatment for COVID-19 caused by virus variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Favorskaya
- Medical Microbiology Department, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Shcheblyakov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilias B Esmagambetov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V Dolzhikova
- Department of the National Virus Collection, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Alekseeva
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia I Korobkova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Voronina
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Ryabova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem A Derkaev
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Kovyrshina
- Department of the National Virus Collection, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Iliukhina
- Department of the National Virus Collection, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Botikov
- Department of the National Virus Collection, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga L Voronina
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Egorova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Zubkova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia N Ryzhova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Aksenova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S Kunda
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y Logunov
- Medical Microbiology Department, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Naroditsky
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr L Gintsburg
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Mast FD, Fridy PC, Ketaren NE, Wang J, Jacobs EY, Olivier JP, Sanyal T, Molloy KR, Schmidt F, Rutkowska M, Weisblum Y, Rich LM, Vanderwall ER, Dambrauskas N, Vigdorovich V, Keegan S, Jiler JB, Stein ME, Olinares PDB, Herlands L, Hatziioannou T, Sather DN, Debley JS, Fenyö D, Sali A, Bieniasz PD, Aitchison JD, Chait BT, Rout MP. Highly synergistic combinations of nanobodies that target SARS-CoV-2 and are resistant to escape. eLife 2021; 10:73027. [PMID: 34874007 PMCID: PMC8651292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants threatens current vaccines and therapeutic antibodies and urgently demands powerful new therapeutics that can resist viral escape. We therefore generated a large nanobody repertoire to saturate the distinct and highly conserved available epitope space of SARS-CoV-2 spike, including the S1 receptor binding domain, N-terminal domain, and the S2 subunit, to identify new nanobody binding sites that may reflect novel mechanisms of viral neutralization. Structural mapping and functional assays show that indeed these highly stable monovalent nanobodies potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, display numerous neutralization mechanisms, are effective against emerging variants of concern, and are resistant to mutational escape. Rational combinations of these nanobodies that bind to distinct sites within and between spike subunits exhibit extraordinary synergy and suggest multiple tailored therapeutic and prophylactic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred D Mast
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Peter C Fridy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Natalia E Ketaren
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Junjie Wang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Erica Y Jacobs
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.,Department of Chemistry, St. John's University, Queens, United States
| | - Jean Paul Olivier
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Tanmoy Sanyal
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kelly R Molloy
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Fabian Schmidt
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Magdalena Rutkowska
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Yiska Weisblum
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Lucille M Rich
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Vanderwall
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Nicholas Dambrauskas
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Vladimir Vigdorovich
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Sarah Keegan
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Jacob B Jiler
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Milana E Stein
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Paul Dominic B Olinares
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | | | | | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, United States
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Andrej Sali
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Paul D Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - John D Aitchison
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Brian T Chait
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Michael P Rout
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
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14
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Aguiar SI, Dias JNR, André AS, Silva ML, Martins D, Carrapiço B, Castanho M, Carriço J, Cavaco M, Gaspar MM, Nobre RJ, Pereira de Almeida L, Oliveira S, Gano L, Correia JDG, Barbas C 3rd, Gonçalves J, Neves V, Aires-da-Silva F. Highly Specific Blood-Brain Barrier Transmigrating Single-Domain Antibodies Selected by an In Vivo Phage Display Screening. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1598. [PMID: 34683891 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A major bottleneck in the successful development of central nervous system (CNS) drugs is the discovery and design of molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nano-delivery strategies are a promising approach that take advantage of natural portals of entry into the brain such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting endogenous BBB receptors. However, the main selected mAbs rely on targeting broadly expressed receptors, such as the transferrin and insulin receptors, and in selection processes that do not fully mimic the native receptor conformation, leading to mistargeting and a low fraction of the administered dose effectively reaching the brain. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify new BBB receptors and explore novel antibody selection approaches that can allow a more selective delivery into the brain. Considering that in vitro models fail to completely mimic brain structure complexity, we explored an in vivo cell immunization approach to construct a rabbit derived single-domain antibody (sdAb) library towards BBB endothelial cell receptors. The sdAb antibody library was used in an in vivo phage display screening as a functional selection of novel BBB targeting antibodies. Following three rounds of selections, next generation sequencing analysis, in vitro brain endothelial barrier (BEB) model screenings and in vivo biodistribution studies, five potential sdAbs were identified, three of which reaching >0.6% ID/g in the brain. To validate the brain drug delivery proof-of-concept, the most promising sdAb, namely RG3, was conjugated at the surface of liposomes encapsulated with a model drug, the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (PAN). The translocation efficiency and activity of the conjugate liposome was determined in a dual functional in vitro BEB-glioblastoma model. The RG3 conjugated PAN liposomes enabled an efficient BEB translocation and presented a potent antitumoral activity against LN229 glioblastoma cells without influencing BEB integrity. In conclusion, our in vivo screening approach allowed the selection of highly specific nano-antibody scaffolds with promising properties for brain targeting and drug delivery.
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15
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Eliseev IE, Ukrainskaya VM, Yudenko AN, Mikushina AD, Shmakov SV, Afremova AI, Ekimova VM, Vronskaia AA, Knyazev NA, Shamova OV. Targeting ErbB3 Receptor in Cancer with Inhibitory Antibodies from Llama. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091106. [PMID: 34572289 PMCID: PMC8467012 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ErbB3 receptor confers resistance to the pharmacological inhibition of EGFR and HER2 receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer, which makes it an important therapeutic target. Several anti-ErbB3 monoclonal antibodies that are currently being developed are all classical immunoglobulins. We took a different approach and discovered a group of novel heavy-chain antibodies targeting the extracellular domain of ErbB3 via a phage display of an antibody library from immunized llamas. We first produced three selected single-domain antibodies, named BCD090-P1, BCD090-M2, and BCD090-M456, in E. coli, as SUMO fusions that yielded up to 180 mg of recombinant protein per liter of culture. Then, we studied folding, aggregation, and disulfide bond formation, and showed their ultimate stability with half-denaturation of the strongest candidate, BCD090-P1, occurring in 8 M of urea. In surface plasmon resonance experiments, two most potent antibodies, BCD090-P1 and BCD090-M2, bound the extracellular domain of ErbB3 with 1.6 nM and 15 nM affinities for the monovalent interaction, respectively. The receptor binding was demonstrated by immunofluorescent confocal microscopy on four different ErbB3+ cancer cell lines. We observed that BCD090-P1 and BCD090-M2 bind noncompetitively to two distinct epitopes on the receptor. Both antibodies inhibited the ErbB3-driven proliferation of MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells and HER2-overexpressing SK-BR-3 cells, with the EC50 in the range of 0.1–25 μg/mL. BCD090-M2 directly blocks ligand binding, whereas BCD090-P1 does not compete with the ligand and presumably acts through a distinct allosteric mechanism. We anticipate that these llama antibodies can be used to engineer new biparatopic anti-ErbB3 or bispecific anti-ErbB2/3 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor E. Eliseev
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, Alferov University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia; (A.D.M.); (S.V.S.); (A.A.V.)
- Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia;
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria M. Ukrainskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia;
| | - Anna N. Yudenko
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia;
| | - Anna D. Mikushina
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, Alferov University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia; (A.D.M.); (S.V.S.); (A.A.V.)
| | - Stanislav V. Shmakov
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, Alferov University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia; (A.D.M.); (S.V.S.); (A.A.V.)
| | | | | | - Anna A. Vronskaia
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, Alferov University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia; (A.D.M.); (S.V.S.); (A.A.V.)
| | - Nickolay A. Knyazev
- Saint-Petersburg Clinical Scientific and Practical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care (Oncological), St. Petersburg 197758, Russia;
| | - Olga V. Shamova
- Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia;
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16
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Ruiz-López E, Schuhmacher AJ. Transportation of Single-Domain Antibodies through the Blood-Brain Barrier. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081131. [PMID: 34439797 PMCID: PMC8394617 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-domain antibodies derive from the heavy-chain-only antibodies of Camelidae (camel, dromedary, llama, alpaca, vicuñas, and guananos; i.e., nanobodies) and cartilaginous fishes (i.e., VNARs). Their small size, antigen specificity, plasticity, and potential to recognize unique conformational epitopes represent a diagnostic and therapeutic opportunity for many central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. However, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) poses a challenge for their delivery into the brain parenchyma. Nevertheless, numerous neurological diseases and brain pathologies, including cancer, result in BBB leakiness favoring single-domain antibodies uptake into the CNS. Some single-domain antibodies have been reported to naturally cross the BBB. In addition, different strategies and methods to deliver both nanobodies and VNARs into the brain parenchyma can be exploited when the BBB is intact. These include device-based and physicochemical disruption of the BBB, receptor and adsorptive-mediated transcytosis, somatic gene transfer, and the use of carriers/shuttles such as cell-penetrating peptides, liposomes, extracellular vesicles, and nanoparticles. Approaches based on single-domain antibodies are reaching the clinic for other diseases. Several tailoring methods can be followed to favor the transport of nanobodies and VNARs to the CNS, avoiding the limitations imposed by the BBB to fulfill their therapeutic, diagnostic, and theragnostic promises for the benefit of patients suffering from CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ruiz-López
- Molecular Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Alberto J. Schuhmacher
- Molecular Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Fundación Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 500018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
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17
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Crowell LE, Goodwine C, Holt CS, Rocha L, Vega C, Rodriguez SA, Dalvie NC, Tracey MK, Puntel M, Wigdorovitz A, Parreño V, Love KR, Cramer SM, Love JC. Development of a platform process for the production and purification of single-domain antibodies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3348-3358. [PMID: 33624832 PMCID: PMC8451865 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Single‐domain antibodies (sdAbs) offer the affinity and therapeutic value of conventional antibodies, with increased stability and solubility. Unlike conventional antibodies, however, sdAbs do not benefit from a platform manufacturing process. While successful production of a variety of sdAbs has been shown in numerous hosts, purification methods are often molecule specific or require affinity tags, which generally cannot be used in clinical manufacturing due to regulatory concerns. Here, we have developed a broadly applicable production and purification process for sdAbs in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) and demonstrated the production of eight different sdAbs at a quality appropriate for nonclinical studies. We developed a two‐step, integrated purification process without the use of affinity resins and showed that modification of a single process parameter, pH of the bridging buffer, was required for the successful purification of a variety of sdAbs. Further, we determined that this parameter can be predicted based only on the biophysical characteristics of the target molecule. Using these methods, we produced nonclinical quality sdAbs as few as 5 weeks after identifying the product sequence. Nonclinical studies of three different sdAbs showed that molecules produced using our platform process conferred protection against viral shedding of rotavirus or H1N1 influenza and were equivalent to similar molecules produced in Escherichia coli and purified using affinity tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Crowell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chaz Goodwine
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Carla S Holt
- Instituto de Virología, Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucia Rocha
- Instituto de Virología, Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Vega
- Instituto de Virología, Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio A Rodriguez
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil C Dalvie
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary K Tracey
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariana Puntel
- Instituto de Virología, Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- Instituto de Virología, Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kerry R Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven M Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Xenaki KT, Dorresteijn B, Muns JA, Adamzek K, Doulkeridou S, Houthoff H, Oliveira S, van Bergen en Henegouwen PMP. Homogeneous tumor targeting with a single dose of HER2-targeted albumin-binding domain-fused nanobody-drug conjugates results in long-lasting tumor remission in mice. Theranostics 2021; 11:5525-5538. [PMID: 33859761 PMCID: PMC8039960 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The non-homogenous distribution of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) within solid tumors is a major limiting factor for their wide clinical application. Nanobodies have been shown to rapidly penetrate into xenografts, achieving more homogeneous tumor targeting. However, their rapid renal clearance can hamper their application as nanobody drug conjugates (NDCs). Here, we evaluate whether half-life extension via non-covalent interaction with albumin can benefit the efficacy of a HER2-targeted NDC. Methods: HER2-targeted nanobody 11A4 and the irrelevant nanobody R2 were genetically fused to an albumin-binding domain (ABD) at their C-terminus. Binding to both albumin and tumor cells was determined by ELISA-based assays. The internalization potential as well as the in vitro efficacy of NDCs were tested on HER2 expressing cells. Serum half-life of iodinated R2 and R2-ABD was studied in tumor-free mice. The distribution of fluorescently labelled 11A4 and 11A4-ABD was assessed in vitro in 3D spheroids. Subsequently, the in vivo distribution was evaluated by optical molecular imaging and ex vivo by tissue biodistribution and tumor immunohistochemical analysis after intravenous injection of IRDye800-conjugated nanobodies in mice bearing HER2-positive subcutaneous xenografts. Finally, efficacy studies were performed in HER2-positive NCI-N87 xenograft-bearing mice intravenously injected with a single dose (250 nmol/kg) of nanobodies conjugated to auristatin F (AF) either via a maleimide or the organic Pt(II)‑based linker, coined Lx®. Results: 11A4-ABD was able to bind albumin and HER2 and was internalized by HER2 expressing cells, irrespective of albumin presence. Interaction with albumin did not alter its distribution through 3D spheroids. Fusion to ABD resulted in a 14.8-fold increase in the serum half-life, as illustrated with the irrelevant nanobody. Furthermore, ABD fusion prolonged the accumulation of 11A4-ABD in HER2-expressing xenografts without affecting the expected homogenous intratumoral distribution. Next to that, reduced kidney retention of ABD-fused nanobodies was observed. Finally, a single dose administration of either 11A4-ABD-maleimide-AF or 11A4-ABD-Lx-AF led to long-lasting tumor remission in HER2-positive NCI-N87 xenograft-bearing mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that genetic fusion of a nanobody to ABD can significantly extend serum half-life, resulting in prolonged and homogenous tumor accumulation. Most importantly, as supported by the impressive anti-tumor efficacy observed after a single dose administration of 11A4-ABD-AF, our data reveal that monovalent internalizing ABD-fused nanobodies have potential for the development of highly effective NDCs.
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19
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Debie P, Declerck NB, van Willigen D, Huygen CM, De Sloovere B, Mateusiak L, Bridoux J, Puttemans J, Devoogdt N, van Leeuwen FWB, Hernot S. The Design and Preclinical Evaluation of a Single-Label Bimodal Nanobody Tracer for Image-Guided Surgery. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030360. [PMID: 33652977 PMCID: PMC7996797 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative guidance using targeted fluorescent tracers can potentially provide surgeons with real-time feedback on the presence of tumor tissue in resection margins. To overcome the limited depth penetration of fluorescent light, combining fluorescence with SPECT/CT imaging and/or gamma-ray tracing has been proposed. Here, we describe the design and preclinical validation of a novel bimodal nanobody-tracer, labeled using a “multifunctional single attachment point” (MSAP) label, integrating a Cy5 fluorophore and a diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) chelator into a single structure. After conjugation of the bimodal MSAP to primary amines of the anti-HER2 nanobody 2Rs15d and 111In-labeling of DTPA, the tracer’s characteristics were evaluated in vitro. Subsequently, its biodistribution and tumor targeting were assessed by SPECT/CT and fluorescence imaging over 24 h. Finally, the tracer’s ability to identify small, disseminated tumor lesions was investigated in mice bearing HER2-overexpressing SKOV3.IP1 peritoneal lesions. [111In]In-MSAP.2Rs15d retained its affinity following conjugation and remained stable for 24 h. In vivo SPECT/CT and fluorescence images showed specific uptake in HER2-overexpressing tumors with low background. High tumor-to-muscle ratios were obtained at 1h p.i. and remained 19-fold on SPECT/CT and 3-fold on fluorescence images over 24 h. In the intraperitoneally disseminated model, the tracer allowed detection of larger lesions via nuclear imaging, while fluorescence enabled accurate removal of submillimeter lesions. Bimodal nuclear/fluorescent nanobody-tracers can thus be conveniently designed by conjugation of a single-molecule MSAP-reagent carrying a fluorophore and chelator for radioactive labeling. Such tracers hold promise for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan Debie
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Noemi B. Declerck
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Danny van Willigen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University, 2311 Leiden, The Netherlands; (D.v.W.); (F.W.B.v.L.)
| | - Celine M. Huygen
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Bieke De Sloovere
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Lukasz Mateusiak
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Jessica Bridoux
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Janik Puttemans
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University, 2311 Leiden, The Netherlands; (D.v.W.); (F.W.B.v.L.)
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2477-4991
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20
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Abstract
A nanobody (Nb) is a registered trademark of Ablynx, referring to the single antigen-binding domain of heavy chain-only antibodies (HCAbs) that are circulating in Camelidae. Nbs are produced recombinantly in micro-organisms and employed as research tools or for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. They were - and still are - also named single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) or variable domain of the heavy chain of HCAbs (VHH). A variety of methods are currently in use for the fast and efficient generation of target-specific Nbs. Such Nbs are produced at low cost and associate with high affinity to their cognate antigen. They are robust, strictly monomeric and easy to tailor into more complex entities to meet the requirements of their application. Here, we review the various sources and different strategies that have been developed to identify rapidly, target-specific Nbs. We further discuss a variety of engineering technologies that have been explored to broaden the application range of Nbs and summarise those applications where designed Nbs might offer a marked advantage over other affinity reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, China
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21
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Sillen M, Weeks SD, Strelkov SV, Declerck PJ. Structural Insights into the Mechanism of a Nanobody That Stabilizes PAI-1 and Modulates Its Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165859. [PMID: 32824134 PMCID: PMC7461574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the main physiological inhibitor of tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase-type (uPA) plasminogen activators (PAs). Apart from being critically involved in fibrinolysis and wound healing, emerging evidence indicates that PAI-1 plays an important role in many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, tissue fibrosis, and cancer. Targeting PAI-1 is therefore a promising therapeutic strategy in PAI-1 related pathologies. Despite ongoing efforts no PAI-1 inhibitors were approved to date for therapeutic use in humans. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PAI-1 inhibition is therefore necessary to guide the rational design of PAI-1 modulators. Here, we present a 1.9 Å crystal structure of PAI-1 in complex with an inhibitory nanobody VHH-s-a93 (Nb93). Structural analysis in combination with biochemical characterization reveals that Nb93 directly interferes with PAI-1/PA complex formation and stabilizes the active conformation of the PAI-1 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machteld Sillen
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Stephen D. Weeks
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.D.W); (S.V.S.)
| | - Sergei V. Strelkov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.D.W); (S.V.S.)
| | - Paul J. Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Barbon E, Ayme G, Mohamadi A, Ottavi J, Kawecki C, Casari C, Verhenne S, Marmier S, van Wittenberghe L, Charles S, Collaud F, Denis CV, Christophe OD, Mingozzi F, Lenting PJ. Single-domain antibodies targeting antithrombin reduce bleeding in hemophilic mice with or without inhibitors. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11298. [PMID: 32159286 PMCID: PMC7136963 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapies for hemophilia, including non-factor replacement and in vivo gene therapy, are showing promising results in the clinic, including for patients having a history of inhibitor development. Here, we propose a novel therapeutic approach for hemophilia based on llama-derived single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) able to restore hemostasis by inhibiting the antithrombin (AT) anticoagulant pathway. We demonstrated that sdAbs engineered in multivalent conformations were able to block efficiently AT activity in vitro, restoring the thrombin generation potential in FVIII-deficient plasma. When delivered as a protein to hemophilia A mice, a selected bi-paratopic sdAb significantly reduced the blood loss in a model of acute bleeding injury. We then packaged this sdAb in a hepatotropic AAV8 vector and tested its safety and efficacy profile in hemophilic mouse models. We show that the long-term expression of the bi-paratopic sdAb in the liver is safe and poorly immunogenic, and results in sustained correction of the bleeding phenotype in hemophilia A and B mice, even in the presence of inhibitory antibodies to the therapeutic clotting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Barbon
- Genethon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U951 IntegrareUniversité Paris‐SaclayUniversity of EvryEvryFrance
| | - Gabriel Ayme
- HITh, UMR_S1176Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUniversité Paris‐SaclayLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Amel Mohamadi
- HITh, UMR_S1176Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUniversité Paris‐SaclayLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | | | - Charlotte Kawecki
- HITh, UMR_S1176Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUniversité Paris‐SaclayLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Caterina Casari
- HITh, UMR_S1176Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUniversité Paris‐SaclayLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Sebastien Verhenne
- HITh, UMR_S1176Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUniversité Paris‐SaclayLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Solenne Marmier
- Genethon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U951 IntegrareUniversité Paris‐SaclayUniversity of EvryEvryFrance
| | - Laetitia van Wittenberghe
- Genethon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U951 IntegrareUniversité Paris‐SaclayUniversity of EvryEvryFrance
| | - Severine Charles
- Genethon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U951 IntegrareUniversité Paris‐SaclayUniversity of EvryEvryFrance
| | - Fanny Collaud
- Genethon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U951 IntegrareUniversité Paris‐SaclayUniversity of EvryEvryFrance
| | - Cecile V Denis
- HITh, UMR_S1176Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUniversité Paris‐SaclayLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Olivier D Christophe
- HITh, UMR_S1176Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUniversité Paris‐SaclayLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Genethon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U951 IntegrareUniversité Paris‐SaclayUniversity of EvryEvryFrance
| | - Peter J Lenting
- HITh, UMR_S1176Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUniversité Paris‐SaclayLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
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23
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Sillen M, Weeks SD, Zhou X, Komissarov AA, Florova G, Idell S, Strelkov SV, Declerck PJ. Molecular mechanism of two nanobodies that inhibit PAI-1 activity reveals a modulation at distinct stages of the PAI-1/plasminogen activator interaction. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:681-692. [PMID: 31858714 PMCID: PMC8855783 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a key inhibitor of plasminogen activators (PAs) tissue-type PA (tPA) and urokinase-type PA (uPA) plays a crucial role in many (patho)physiological processes (e.g., cardiovascular disease, tissue fibrosis) as well as in many age-related pathologies. Therefore, much effort has been put into the development of small molecule or antibody-based PAI-1 inhibitors. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the molecular mechanism of nanobody-induced PAI-1 inhibition. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we present the first crystal structures of PAI-1 in complex with two neutralizing nanobodies (Nbs). These structures, together with biochemical and biophysical characterization, reveal that Nb VHH-2g-42 (Nb42) interferes with the initial PAI-1/PA complex formation, whereas VHH-2w-64 (Nb64) redirects the PAI-1/PA interaction to PAI-1 deactivation and regeneration of active PA. Furthermore, whereas vitronectin does not have an impact on the inhibitory effect of Nb42, it strongly potentiates the inhibitory effect of Nb64, which may contribute to a strong inhibitory potential of Nb64 in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These findings illuminate the molecular mechanisms of PAI-1 inhibition. Nb42 and Nb64 can be used as starting points to engineer further improved antibody-based PAI-1 inhibitors or guide the rational design of small molecule inhibitors to treat a wide range of PAI-1-related pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machteld Sillen
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen D. Weeks
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrey A. Komissarov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Galina Florova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Sergei V. Strelkov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul J. Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Pant K, Neuber C, Zarschler K, Wodtke J, Meister S, Haag R, Pietzsch J, Stephan H. Active Targeting of Dendritic Polyglycerols for Diagnostic Cancer Imaging. Small 2020; 16:e1905013. [PMID: 31880080 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Active tumor targeting involves the decoration of nanomaterials (NMs) with oncotropic vector biomolecules that selectively recognize certain antigens on malignant cells or in the tumor microenvironment. This strategy can facilitate intracellular uptake of NM through specific interactions such as receptor-mediated endocytosis and can lead to prolonged retention in the malignant tissues by preventing rapid efflux from the tumor. Here, the design of actively targeting, renally excretible bimodal dendritic polyglycerols (dPGs) for diagnostic cancer imaging is described. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) specifically binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are employed herein as targeting warheads owing to their small size and high affinity for their corresponding antigen. The dPGs equipped with EGFR-targeting feature are compared head-to-head with their nontargeting counterparts in terms of interaction with EGFR-overexpressing cells in vitro as well as accumulation at receptor-positive tumors in vivo. Experimental results reveal a higher specificity and preferential tumor accumulation for the α-EGFR dPGs, resulting from the introduction of active targeting capabilities on their backbone. These results highlight the potential for improving the tumor uptake properties of dPGs by strategic use of sdAb functionalization, which can ultimately prove useful to the development of ultrasmall NM with highly specific tumor accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritee Pant
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Wodtke
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Meister
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Organische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
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25
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Bélanger K, Iqbal U, Tanha J, MacKenzie R, Moreno M, Stanimirovic D. Single-Domain Antibodies as Therapeutic and Imaging Agents for the Treatment of CNS Diseases. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8020027. [PMID: 31544833 PMCID: PMC6640712 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have become one of the most successful therapeutics for a number of oncology and inflammatory diseases. So far, central nervous system (CNS) indications have missed out on the antibody revolution, while they remain 'hidden' behind several hard to breach barriers. Among the various antibody modalities, single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) may hold the 'key' to unlocking the access of antibody therapies to CNS diseases. The unique structural features of sdAbs make them the smallest monomeric antibody fragments suitable for molecular targeting. These features are of particular importance when developing antibodies as modular building blocks for engineering CNS-targeting therapeutics and imaging agents. In this review, we first introduce the characteristic properties of sdAbs compared to traditional antibodies. We then present recent advances in the development of sdAbs as potential therapeutics across brain barriers, including their use for the delivery of biologics across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barriers, treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and molecular imaging of brain targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasandra Bélanger
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Umar Iqbal
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Jamshid Tanha
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Roger MacKenzie
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Maria Moreno
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Danica Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
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Rossotti MA, Henry KA, van Faassen H, Tanha J, Callaghan D, Hussack G, Arbabi-Ghahroudi M, MacKenzie CR. Camelid single-domain antibodies raised by DNA immunization are potent inhibitors of EGFR signaling. Biochem J 2019; 476:39-50. [PMID: 30455372 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20180795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a hallmark of many solid tumors, and inhibition of EGFR signaling by small molecules and antibodies has clear clinical benefit. Here, we report the isolation and functional characterization of novel camelid single-domain antibodies (sdAbs or VHHs) directed against human EGFR. The source of these VHHs was a llama immunized with cDNA encoding human EGFR ectodomain alone (no protein or cell boost), which is notable in that genetic immunization of large, outbred animals is generally poorly effective. The VHHs targeted multiple sites on the receptor's surface with high affinity (K D range: 1-40 nM), including one epitope overlapping that of cetuximab, several epitopes conserved in the cynomolgus EGFR orthologue, and at least one epitope conserved in the mouse EGFR orthologue. Interestingly, despite their generation against human EGFR expressed from cDNA by llama cells in vivo (presumably in native conformation), the VHHs exhibited wide and epitope-dependent variation in their apparent affinities for native EGFR displayed on tumor cell lines. As fusions to human IgG1 Fc, one of the VHH-Fcs inhibited EGFR signaling induced by EGF binding with a potency similar to that of cetuximab (IC50: ∼30 nM). Thus, DNA immunization elicited high-affinity, functional sdAbs that were vastly superior to those previously isolated by our group through protein immunization.
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Zhang M, Zheng J, Nussinov R, Ma B. Molecular Recognition between Aβ-Specific Single-Domain Antibody and Aβ Misfolded Aggregates. Antibodies (Basel) 2018; 7:antib7030025. [PMID: 31544877 PMCID: PMC6640678 DOI: 10.3390/antib7030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ is the toxic amyloid polypeptide responsible for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prevention and elimination of the Aβ misfolded aggregates are the promising therapeutic strategies for the AD treatments. Gammabody, the Aβ-Specific Single-domain (VH) antibody, recognizes Aβ aggregates with high affinity and specificity and reduces their toxicities. Employing the molecular dynamics simulations, we studied diverse gammabody-Aβ recognition complexes to get insights into their structural and dynamic properties and gammabody-Aβ recognitions. Among many heterogeneous binding modes, we focused on two gammabody-Aβ recognition scenarios: recognition through Aβ β-sheet backbone and on sidechain surface. We found that the gammabody primarily uses the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) loop with the grafted Aβ sequence to interact with the Aβ fibril, while CDR1/CDR2 loops have very little contact. The gammabody-Aβ complexes with backbone binding mode are more stable, explaining the gammabody's specificity towards the C-terminal Aβ sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Buyong Ma
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Xenaki KT, Oliveira S, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP. Antibody or Antibody Fragments: Implications for Molecular Imaging and Targeted Therapy of Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1287. [PMID: 29075266 PMCID: PMC5643388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibody-based therapeutics has proven very promising for clinical applications in cancer patients, with multiple examples of antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates successfully applied for the treatment of solid tumors and lymphomas. Given reported recurrence rates, improvements are clearly still necessary. A major factor limiting the efficacy of antibody-targeted cancer therapies may be the incomplete penetration of the antibody or antibody–drug conjugate into the tumor. Incomplete tumor penetration also affects the outcome of molecular imaging, when using such targeting agents. From the injection site until they arrive inside the tumor, targeting molecules are faced with several barriers that impact intratumoral distribution. The primary means of antibody transport inside tumors is based on diffusion. The diffusive penetration inside the tumor is influenced by both antibody properties, such as size and binding affinity, as well as tumor properties, such as microenvironment, vascularization, and targeted antigen availability. Engineering smaller antibody fragments has shown to improve the rate of tumor uptake and intratumoral distribution. However, it is often accompanied by more rapid clearance from the body and in several cases also by inherent destabilization and reduction of the binding affinity of the antibody. In this perspective, we discuss different cancer targeting approaches based on antibodies or their fragments. We carefully consider how their size and binding properties influence their intratumoral uptake and distribution, and how this may affect cancer imaging and therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina T Xenaki
- Division of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Division of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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29
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Darling TL, Sherwood LJ, Hayhurst A. Intracellular Crosslinking of Filoviral Nucleoproteins with Xintrabodies Restricts Viral Packaging. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1197. [PMID: 29021793 PMCID: PMC5623874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses assemble large macromolecular repeat structures that become part of the infectious particles or virions. Ribonucleocapsids (RNCs) of negative strand RNA viruses are a prime example where repetition of nucleoprotein (NP) along the genome creates a core polymeric helical scaffold that accommodates other nucleocapsid proteins including viral polymerase. The RNCs are transported through the cytosol for packaging into virions through association with viral matrix proteins at cell membranes. We hypothesized that RNC would be ideal targets for crosslinkers engineered to promote aberrant protein–protein interactions, thereby blocking their orderly transport and packaging. Previously, we had generated single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) against Filoviruses that have all targeted highly conserved C-terminal regions of NP known to be repetitively exposed along the length of the RNCs of Marburgvirus (MARV) and Ebolavirus (EBOV). Our crosslinker design consisted of dimeric sdAb expressed intracellularly, which we call Xintrabodies (X- for crosslinking). Electron microscopy of purified NP polymers incubated with purified sdAb constructs showed NP aggregation occurred in a genus-specific manner with dimeric and not monomeric sdAb. A virus-like particle (VLP) assay was used for initial evaluation where we found that dimeric sdAb inhibited NP incorporation into VP40-based VLPs whereas monomeric sdAb did not. Inhibition of NP packaging was genus specific. Confocal microscopy revealed dimeric sdAb was diffuse when expressed alone but focused on pools of NP when the two were coexpressed, while monomeric sdAb showed ambivalent partition. Infection of stable Vero cell lines expressing dimeric sdAb specific for either MARV or EBOV NP resulted in smaller plaques and reduced progeny of cognate virus relative to wild-type Vero cells. Though the impact was marginal at later time-points, the collective data suggest that viral replication can be reduced by crosslinking intracellular NP using relatively small amounts of dimeric sdAb to restrict NP packaging. The stoichiometry and ease of application of the approach would likely benefit from transitioning away from intracellular expression of crosslinking sdAb to exogenous delivery of antibody. By retuning sdAb specificity, the approach of crosslinking highly conserved regions of assembly critical proteins may well be applicable to inhibiting replication processes of a broad spectrum of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamarand Lee Darling
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Laura Jo Sherwood
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Andrew Hayhurst
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Strauss M, Schotte L, Karunatilaka KS, Filman DJ, Hogle JM. Cryo-electron Microscopy Structures of Expanded Poliovirus with VHHs Sample the Conformational Repertoire of the Expanded State. J Virol 2017; 91:e01443-16. [PMID: 27852863 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01443-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
By using cryo-electron microscopy, expanded 80S-like poliovirus virions (poliovirions) were visualized in complexes with four 80S-specific camelid VHHs (Nanobodies). In all four complexes, the VHHs bind to a site on the top surface of the capsid protein VP3, which is hidden in the native virus. Interestingly, although the four VHHs bind to the same site, the structures of the expanded virus differ in detail in each complex, suggesting that each of the Nanobodies has sampled a range of low-energy structures available to the expanded virion. By stabilizing unique structures of expanded virions, VHH binding permitted a more detailed view of the virus structure than was previously possible, leading to a better understanding of the expansion process that is a critical step in infection. It is now clear which polypeptide chains become disordered and which become rearranged. The higher resolution of these structures also revealed well-ordered conformations for the EF loop of VP2, the GH loop of VP3, and the N-terminal extensions of VP1 and VP2, which, in retrospect, were present in lower-resolution structures but not recognized. These structural observations help to explain preexisting mutational data and provide insights into several other stages of the poliovirus life cycle, including the mechanism of receptor-triggered virus expansion. IMPORTANCE When poliovirus infects a cell, it undergoes a change in its structure in order to pass RNA through its protein coat, but this altered state is short-lived and thus poorly understood. The structures of poliovirus bound to single-domain antibodies presented here capture the altered virus in what appear to be intermediate states. A careful analysis of these structures lets us better understand the molecular mechanism of infection and how these changes in the virus lead to productive-infection events.
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Salema V, Mañas C, Cerdán L, Piñero-Lambea C, Marín E, Roovers RC, Van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Fernández LÁ. High affinity nanobodies against human epidermal growth factor receptor selected on cells by E. coli display. MAbs 2016; 8:1286-1301. [PMID: 27472381 PMCID: PMC5058628 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1216742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most therapeutic antibodies (Abs) target cell surface proteins on tumor and immune cells. Cloning of Ab gene libraries in E. coli and their display on bacteriophages is commonly used to select novel therapeutic Abs binding target antigens, either purified or expressed on cells. However, the sticky nature of bacteriophages renders phage display selections on cells challenging. We previously reported an E. coli display system for expression of VHHs (i.e., nanobodies, Nbs) on the surface of bacteria and selection of high-affinity clones by magnetic cell sorting (MACS). Here, we demonstrate that E. coli display is also an attractive method for isolation of Nbs against cell surface antigens, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), upon direct selection and screening of Ab libraries on live cells. We employ a whole cell-based strategy using a VHH library obtained by immunization with human tumor cells over-expressing EGFR (i.e., A431), and selection of bacterial clones bound to murine fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells transfected with human EGFR, after depletion of non-specific clones on untransfected cells. This strategy resulted in the isolation of high-affinity Nbs binding distinct epitopes of EGFR, including Nbs competing with the ligand, EGF, as characterized by flow cytometry of bacteria displaying the Nbs and binding assays with purified Nbs using surface plasmon resonance. Hence, our study demonstrates that E. coli display of VHH libraries and selection on cells enables efficient isolation and characterization of high-affinity Nbs against cell surface antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valencio Salema
- a Department of Microbial Biotechnology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carmen Mañas
- a Department of Microbial Biotechnology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lidia Cerdán
- a Department of Microbial Biotechnology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carlos Piñero-Lambea
- a Department of Microbial Biotechnology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
| | - Elvira Marín
- a Department of Microbial Biotechnology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rob C Roovers
- b Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | | | - Luis Ángel Fernández
- a Department of Microbial Biotechnology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
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Huang R, Kiss MM, Batonick M, Weiner MP, Kay BK. Generating Recombinant Antibodies to Membrane Proteins through Phage Display. Antibodies (Basel) 2016; 5:antib5020011. [PMID: 31557992 PMCID: PMC6698964 DOI: 10.3390/antib5020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important classes of proteins in terms of drug targets is cell surface membrane proteins, and yet it is a challenging set of proteins for generating high-quality affinity reagents. In this review, we focus on the use of phage libraries, which display antibody fragments, for generating recombinant antibodies to membrane proteins. Such affinity reagents generally have high specificity and affinity for their targets. They have been used for cell staining, for promoting protein crystallization to solve three-dimensional structures, for diagnostics, and for treating diseases as therapeutics. We cover publications on this topic from the past 10 years, with a focus on the various formats of membrane proteins for affinity selection and the diverse affinity selection strategies used. Lastly, we discuss the challenges faced in this field and provide possible directions for future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhua Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7060, USA.
| | - Margaret M Kiss
- AxioMx Inc., a subsidiary of Abcam Plc, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | - Melissa Batonick
- AxioMx Inc., a subsidiary of Abcam Plc, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | - Michael P Weiner
- AxioMx Inc., a subsidiary of Abcam Plc, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | - Brian K Kay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7060, USA.
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Rashidian M, Wang L, Edens JG, Jacobsen JT, Hossain I, Wang Q, Victora GD, Vasdev N, Ploegh H, Liang SH. Enzyme-Mediated Modification of Single-Domain Antibodies for Imaging Modalities with Different Characteristics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:528-533. [PMID: 26630549 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are currently the fastest-growing class of therapeutics. Although naked antibodies have proven valuable as pharmaceutical agents, they have some limitations, such as low tissue penetration and a long circulatory half-life. They have been conjugated to toxic payloads, PEGs, or radioisotopes to increase and optimize their therapeutic efficacy. Although nonspecific conjugation is suitable for most in vitro applications, it has become evident that site specifically modified antibodies may have advantages for in vivo applications. Herein we describe a novel approach in which the antibody fragment is tagged with two handles: one for the introduction of a fluorophore or (18)F isotope, and the second for further modification of the fragment with a PEG moiety or a second antibody fragment to tune its circulatory half-life or its avidity. Such constructs, which recognize Class II MHC products and CD11b, showed high avidity and specificity. They were used to image cancers and could detect small tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA)
| | - Jerre G Edens
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142 (USA)
| | | | - Intekhab Hossain
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142 (USA)
| | - Qifan Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA)
| | - Gabriel D Victora
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142 (USA)
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA)
| | - Hidde Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142 (USA)
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA)
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Huh I, Gene R, Kumaran J, MacKenzie CR, Brooks CL. In situ proteolysis, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a VHH that binds listeria internalin B. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:1532-5. [PMID: 25372824 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x1402010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The variable region of camelid heavy-chain antibodies produces the smallest known antibody fragment with antigen-binding capability (a VHH). The VHH R303 binds internalin B (InlB), a virulence factor expressed by the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. InlB is critical for initiation of Listeria infection, as it binds a receptor (c-Met) on epithelial cells, triggering the entry of bacteria into host cells. InlB is surface-exposed and is required for virulence, hence a VHH targeting InlB has potential applications for pathogen detection or therapeutic intervention. Here, the expression, purification, crystallization and X-ray diffraction of R303 are reported. Crystals of R303 were obtained following in situ proteolysis with trypsin. Gel filtration and SDS-PAGE revealed that trypsin removed the C-terminal tag region of R303, facilitating crystal formation. Crystals of R303 diffracted to 1.3 Å resolution and belonged to the monoclinic space group P2₁, with unit-cell parameters a=46.4, b=31.2, c=74.8 Å, β=93.8°. The crystals exhibited a Matthews coefficient of 1.95 Å3 Da(-1) with two molecules in the asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Huh
- Department of Chemistry, California State University Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - Robert Gene
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jyothi Kumaran
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - C Roger MacKenzie
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Cory L Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, California State University Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
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Legler PM, Zabetakis D, Anderson GP, Lam A, Hol WGJ, Goldman ER. Structure of a low-melting-temperature anti-cholera toxin: llama V(H)H domain. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:90-3. [PMID: 23385744 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Variable heavy domains derived from the heavy-chain-only antibodies found in camelids (V(H)H domains) are known for their thermal stability. Here, the structure of A9, an anti-cholera toxin V(H)H domain (K(d) = 77 ± 5 nM) that has an unusually low melting temperature of 319.9 ± 1.6 K, is reported. The CDR3 residues of A9 form a β-hairpin that is directed away from the former V(H)-V(L) interfacial surface, exposing hydrophobic residues to the solvent. A DALI structural similarity search showed that this CDR3 conformation is uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Legler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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