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Stepanov AV, Kalinin RS, Shipunova VO, Zhang D, Xie J, Rubtsov YP, Ukrainskaya VM, Schulga A, Konovalova EV, Volkov DV, Yaroshevich IA, Moysenovich AM, Belogurov AA, Zhang H, Telegin GB, Chernov AS, Maschan MA, Terekhov SS, Wu P, Deyev SM, Lerner RA, Gabibov AG, Altman S. Switchable targeting of solid tumors by BsCAR T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210562119. [PMID: 36343224 PMCID: PMC9674235 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210562119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has become a critical milestone in modern oncotherapy. Despite the remarkable in vitro effectiveness, the problem of safety and efficacy of CAR T cell therapy against solid tumors is challenged by the lack of tumor-specific antigens required to avoid on-target off-tumor effects. Spatially separating the cytotoxic function of CAR T cells from tumor antigen recognition provided by protein mediators allows for the precise control of CAR T cell cytotoxicity. Here, the high affinity and capability of the bacterial toxin-antitoxin barnase-barstar system were adopted to guide CAR T cells to solid tumors. The complementary modules based on (1) ankyrin repeat (DARPin)-barnase proteins and (2) barstar-based CAR (BsCAR) were designed to provide switchable targeting to tumor cells. The alteration of the DARPin-barnase switches enabled the targeting of different tumor antigens with a single BsCAR. A gradual increase in cytokine release and tunable BsCAR T cell cytotoxicity was achieved by varying DARPin-barnase loads. Switchable BsCAR T cell therapy was able to eradicate the HER2+ ductal carcinoma in vivo. Guiding BsCAR T cells by DARPin-barnase switches provides a universal approach for a controlled multitargeted adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Stepanov
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Roman S. Kalinin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Victoria O. Shipunova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Yuri P. Rubtsov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Valeria M. Ukrainskaya
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey Schulga
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elena V. Konovalova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Volkov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Igor A. Yaroshevich
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasiia M. Moysenovich
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Belogurov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Georgij B. Telegin
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alexandr S. Chernov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Maschan
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Stanislav S. Terekhov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sergey M. Deyev
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Richard A. Lerner
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Alexander G. Gabibov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sidney Altman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
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Molodtsov IA, Kegeles E, Mitin AN, Mityaeva O, Musatova OE, Panova AE, Pashenkov MV, Peshkova IO, Alsalloum A, Asaad W, Budikhina AS, Deryabin AS, Dolzhikova IV, Filimonova IN, Gracheva AN, Ivanova OI, Kizilova A, Komogorova VV, Komova A, Kompantseva NI, Kucheryavykh E, Lagutkin DA, Lomakin YA, Maleeva AV, Maryukhnich EV, Mohammad A, Murugin VV, Murugina NE, Navoikova A, Nikonova MF, Ovchinnikova LA, Panarina Y, Pinegina NV, Potashnikova DM, Romanova EV, Saidova AA, Sakr N, Samoilova AG, Serdyuk Y, Shakirova NT, Sharova NI, Sheetikov SA, Shemetova AF, Shevkova LV, Shpektor AV, Trufanova A, Tvorogova AV, Ukrainskaya VM, Vinokurov AS, Vorobyeva DA, Zornikova KV, Efimov GA, Khaitov MR, Kofiadi IA, Komissarov AA, Logunov DY, Naigovzina NB, Rubtsov YP, Vasilyeva IA, Volchkov P, Vasilieva E. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and antibodies in COVID-19 protection: a prospective study. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:e1-e9. [PMID: 35435222 PMCID: PMC9047235 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many individuals were infected with and have cleared the virus, developing virus-specific antibodies and effector/memory T cells. An important unanswered question is what levels of T-cell and antibody responses are sufficient to protect from the infection. Methods In 5340 Moscow residents, we evaluated anti–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin M (IgM)/immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers and frequencies of the T cells specific to the membrane, nucleocapsid, and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2, using interferon gamma (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay. Additionally, we evaluated the fractions of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells using intracellular staining of IFN-γ and interleukin 2 followed by flow cytometry. We analyzed the COVID-19 rates as a function of the assessed antibody and T-cell responses, using the Kaplan–Meier estimator method, for up to 300 days postinclusion. Results We showed that T-cell and antibody responses are closely interconnected and are commonly induced concurrently. Magnitudes of both responses inversely correlated with infection probability. Individuals positive for both responses demonstrated the highest levels of protectivity against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. A comparable level of protection was found in individuals with antibody response only, whereas the T-cell response by itself granted only intermediate protection. Conclusions We found that the contribution of the virus-specific antibodies to protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection is more pronounced than that of the T cells. The data on the virus-specific IgG titers may be instructive for making decisions in personalized healthcare and public anti–COVID-19 policies. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04898140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Molodtsov
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240, 11/6 Yauzskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenii Kegeles
- Genome Engineering lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Alexander N Mitin
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Mityaeva
- Genome Engineering lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Oksana E Musatova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna E Panova
- National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127473, 4 Dostoevsky str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Pashenkov
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iuliia O Peshkova
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167, 4a Novy Zykovsky proezd, Moscow, Russia
| | - Almaqdad Alsalloum
- Genome Engineering lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Walaa Asaad
- Genome Engineering lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Anna S Budikhina
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Deryabin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V Dolzhikova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, 18 Gamaleya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Ioanna N Filimonova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra N Gracheva
- National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127473, 4 Dostoevsky str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana I Ivanova
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240, 11/6 Yauzskaya str., Moscow, Russia.,A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473, 20 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Kizilova
- Genome Engineering lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Viktoria V Komogorova
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Komova
- Genome Engineering lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudniy, Russia.,Research Institute of Personalized Medicine, National Center for Personalized Medicine of Endocrine Diseases, The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, 117036, 11 Dmitry Ulyanov str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia I Kompantseva
- National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127473, 4 Dostoevsky str., Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Denis A Lagutkin
- National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127473, 4 Dostoevsky str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Yakov A Lomakin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Maleeva
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167, 4a Novy Zykovsky proezd, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Maryukhnich
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240, 11/6 Yauzskaya str., Moscow, Russia.,A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473, 20 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Afraa Mohammad
- Genome Engineering lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Murugin
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina E Murugina
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Navoikova
- Genome Engineering lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Margarita F Nikonova
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leyla A Ovchinnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana Panarina
- The Government of Moscow, 125032, 13 Tverskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Pinegina
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240, 11/6 Yauzskaya str., Moscow, Russia.,A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473, 20 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria M Potashnikova
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240, 11/6 Yauzskaya str., Moscow, Russia.,A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473, 20 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Romanova
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240, 11/6 Yauzskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleena A Saidova
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240, 11/6 Yauzskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Nawar Sakr
- Genome Engineering lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Anastasia G Samoilova
- National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127473, 4 Dostoevsky str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana Serdyuk
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167, 4a Novy Zykovsky proezd, Moscow, Russia
| | - Naina T Shakirova
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167, 4a Novy Zykovsky proezd, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina I Sharova
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - Saveliy A Sheetikov
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167, 4a Novy Zykovsky proezd, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia F Shemetova
- National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127473, 4 Dostoevsky str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila V Shevkova
- Genome Engineering lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudniy, Russia.,Research Institute of Personalized Medicine, National Center for Personalized Medicine of Endocrine Diseases, The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, 117036, 11 Dmitry Ulyanov str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Shpektor
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240, 11/6 Yauzskaya str., Moscow, Russia.,A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473, 20 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Trufanova
- Genome Engineering lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Anna V Tvorogova
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240, 11/6 Yauzskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria M Ukrainskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoliy S Vinokurov
- National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127473, 4 Dostoevsky str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Vorobyeva
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240, 11/6 Yauzskaya str., Moscow, Russia.,A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473, 20 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia V Zornikova
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167, 4a Novy Zykovsky proezd, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigory A Efimov
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167, 4a Novy Zykovsky proezd, Moscow, Russia
| | - Musa R Khaitov
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 119997, 1 Ostrovityanov str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya A Kofiadi
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 119997, 1 Ostrovityanov str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Komissarov
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240, 11/6 Yauzskaya str., Moscow, Russia.,A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473, 20 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, 18 Gamaleya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Nelli B Naigovzina
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473, 20 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury P Rubtsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Vasilyeva
- National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127473, 4 Dostoevsky str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Volchkov
- Genome Engineering lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudniy, Russia.,Research Institute of Personalized Medicine, National Center for Personalized Medicine of Endocrine Diseases, The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, 117036, 11 Dmitry Ulyanov str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240, 11/6 Yauzskaya str., Moscow, Russia.,A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473, 20 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, Russia
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