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Leung YY, Korotaeva TV, Candia L, Pedersen SJ, Molano WB, Ruderman EM, Bisoendial R, Perez-Alamino R, Olsder W, Möller B, Grazio S, Gudu T, Mody GM, Pineda C, Raffayova H, Rohekar S, Goldenstein-Schainberg C, Gutierrez Urena SR, Casasola Vargas JC, Meghnathi B, Prasad R, Richette P, Miranda JRS, Malliotis N, Lindqvist U, Simon D, Ezeonyeji A, Soriano ER, FitzGerald O. Management of Peripheral Arthritis in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: An Updated Literature Review Informing the 2021 GRAPPA Treatment Recommendations. J Rheumatol Suppl 2023; 50:119-130. [PMID: 36243409 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compile evidence for the efficacy and safety of therapeutic options for the peripheral arthritis domain of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) for the revised 2021 Group in Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) treatment recommendations. METHODS A working group consisting of clinicians and patient research partners was convened. We reviewed the evidence from new randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for PsA treatment from February 19, 2013, to August 28, 2020. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-informed approach to derive evidence for the classes of therapeutic options for 3 patient groups: (1) naïve to treatment, (2) inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), and (3) inadequate response to biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs). Recommendations were derived through consensus meetings. RESULTS The evidence review included 69 RCTs. We derived GRADE evidence for each class of therapeutic options and achieved consensus for the recommendations. For patients naïve to treatment, the working group strongly recommends csDMARDs (methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide) and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, and emphasizes regular assessment and early escalation to achieve treatment target. bDMARDs (tumor necrosis factor inhibitors [TNFi], interleukin 17 inhibitors [IL-17i], IL-12/23i, IL-23i) and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are also strongly recommended. For patients with inadequate response to csDMARDs, we strongly recommend TNFi, IL-17i, IL-12/23i, IL-23i, and JAKi. For those who had prior experience with bDMARDs, we strongly recommend a second TNFi, IL-17i, IL-23i, and JAKi. The evidence supporting nonpharmacological interventions was very low. An expert panel conditionally recommends adequate physical activity, smoking cessation, and diet to control weight gain. CONCLUSION Evidence supporting optimal therapy for the peripheral arthritis domain of PsA was compiled for the revised 2021 GRAPPA treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Leung
- Y.Y. Leung, MBChB, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore;
| | - Tatiana V Korotaeva
- T.V. Korotaeva, PhD, MD, V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liliana Candia
- L. Candia, MD, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Susanne Juhl Pedersen
- S.J. Pedersen, MD, PhD, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wilson Bautista Molano
- W.B. Molano, MD, PhD, University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eric M Ruderman
- E.M. Ruderman, MD, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy Olsder
- W. Olsder, MSc, Eindhoven University of Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Burkhard Möller
- B. Möller, MD, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simeon Grazio
- S. Grazio, MD, PhD, SFEBPRM, Department for Rheumatology, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Clinical Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tania Gudu
- T. Gudu, Rheumatology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS FT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Girish M Mody
- G.M. Mody, MD, MACR, Department of Rheumatology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Carlos Pineda
- C. Pineda, PhD, MD, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helena Raffayova
- H. Raffayova, MD, PhD, National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piešťany, Slovakia
| | - Sherry Rohekar
- S. Rohekar, MD, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia Goldenstein-Schainberg
- C. Goldenstein-Schainberg, MD, PhD, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio R Gutierrez Urena
- S.R. Gutierrez Urena, MD, MSc, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara FAA Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Bhowmik Meghnathi
- B. Meghnathi, DNB-SS, MD, Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, CIMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Roopa Prasad
- R. Prasad, MB BCh, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Pascal Richette
- P. Richette, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Department, Hopital Lariboisière, Université de Paris, INSERM U1132, Paris, France
| | | | - Nikolas Malliotis
- N. Malliotis, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulla Lindqvist
- U. Lindqvist, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Simon
- D. Simon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amara Ezeonyeji
- A. Ezeonyeji, MBBS, MRCP, MDRes, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Enrique R Soriano
- E.R. Soriano, MD, MSc, Rheumatology Unit, and University Institute, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oliver FitzGerald
- O. FitzGerald, MD, FRCP, Conway Institute for Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Hansmeier NR, Büschlen IS, Behncke RY, Ulferts S, Bisoendial R, Hägerling R. 3D Visualization of Human Blood Vascular Networks Using Single-Domain Antibodies Directed against Endothelial Cell-Selective Adhesion Molecule (ESAM). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084369. [PMID: 35457187 PMCID: PMC9028812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality three-dimensional (3D) microscopy allows detailed, unrestricted and non-destructive imaging of entire volumetric tissue specimens and can therefore increase the diagnostic accuracy of histopathological tissue analysis. However, commonly used IgG antibodies are oftentimes not applicable to 3D imaging, due to their relatively large size and consequently inadequate tissue penetration and penetration speed. The lack of suitable reagents for 3D histopathology can be overcome by an emerging class of single-domain antibodies, referred to as nanobodies (Nbs), which can facilitate rapid and superior 2D and 3D histological stainings. Here, we report the generation and experimental validation of Nbs directed against the human endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (hESAM), which enables spatial visualization of blood vascular networks in whole-mount 3D imaging. After analysis of Nb binding properties and quality, selected Nb clones were validated in 2D and 3D imaging approaches, demonstrating comparable staining qualities to commercially available hESAM antibodies in 2D, as well as rapid and complete staining of entire specimens in 3D. We propose that the presented hESAM-Nbs can serve as novel blood vessel markers in academic research and can potentially improve 3D histopathological diagnostics of entire human tissue specimens, leading to improved treatment and superior patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rouven Hansmeier
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Research Group ‘Development and Disease’, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Sophie Büschlen
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rose Yinghan Behncke
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Ulferts
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Radjesh Bisoendial
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Maasstad Hospital, Maasstadweg 21, 3079 DZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Hägerling
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Research Group ‘Development and Disease’, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Bisoendial R, Tabet F, Tak PP, Petrides F, Cuesta Torres LF, Hou L, Cook A, Barter PJ, Weninger W, Rye KA. Apolipoprotein A-I Limits the Negative Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor on Lymphangiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2443-50. [PMID: 26359513 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphatic endothelial dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory disorders. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is known for its role in disrupting the function of the lymphatic vasculature. This study investigates the ability of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, the principal apolipoprotein of high-density lipoproteins, to preserve the normal function of lymphatic endothelial cells treated with TNF. APPROACH AND RESULTS TNF decreased the ability of lymphatic endothelial cells to form tube-like structures. Preincubation of lymphatic endothelial cells with apoA-I attenuated the TNF-mediated inhibition of tube formation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, apoA-I reversed the TNF-mediated suppression of lymphatic endothelial cell migration and lymphatic outgrowth in thoracic duct rings. ApoA-I also abrogated the negative effect of TNF on lymphatic neovascularization in an ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-dependent manner. At the molecular level, this involved downregulation of TNF receptor-1 and the conservation of prospero-related homeobox gene-1 expression, a master regulator of lymphangiogenesis. ApoA-I also re-established the normal phenotype of the lymphatic network in the diaphragms of human TNF transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS ApoA-I restores the neovascularization capacity of the lymphatic system during TNF-mediated inflammation. This study provides a proof-of-concept that high-density lipoprotein-based therapeutic strategies may attenuate chronic inflammation via its action on lymphatic vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radjesh Bisoendial
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Fatiha Tabet
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Paul P Tak
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Francine Petrides
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Luisa F Cuesta Torres
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Liming Hou
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Adam Cook
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Philip J Barter
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.).
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