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Voronina DV, Shcheblyakov DV, Favorskaya IA, Esmagambetov IB, Dzharullaeva AS, Tukhvatulin AI, Zubkova OV, Popova O, Kan VY, Bandelyuk AS, Shmarov MM, Logunov DY, Naroditskiy BS, Gintsburg AL. Cross-Reactive Fc-Fused Single-Domain Antibodies to Hemagglutinin Stem Region Protect Mice from Group 1 Influenza a Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112485. [PMID: 36366583 PMCID: PMC9698552 DOI: 10.3390/v14112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The continued evolution of influenza viruses reduces the effectiveness of vaccination and antiviral drugs. The identification of novel and universal agents for influenza prophylaxis and treatment is an urgent need. We have previously described two potent single-domain antibodies (VHH), G2.3 and H1.2, which bind to the stem domain of hemagglutinin and efficiently neutralize H1N1 and H5N2 influenza viruses in vivo. In this study, we modified these VHHs with Fc-fragment to enhance their antiviral activity. Reformatting of G2.3 into bivalent Fc-fusion molecule increased its in vitro neutralizing activity against H1N1 and H2N3 viruses up to 80-fold and, moreover, resulted in obtaining the ability to neutralize H5N2 and H9N2 subtypes. We demonstrated that a dose as low as 0.6 mg/kg of G2.3-Fc or H1.2-Fc administered systemically or locally before infection could protect mice from lethal challenges with both H1N1 and H5N2 viruses. Furthermore, G2.3-Fc reduced the lung viral load to an undetectable level. Both VHH-Fc antibodies showed in vivo therapeutic efficacy when delivered via systemic or local route. The findings support G2.3-Fc as a potential therapeutic agent for both prophylaxis and therapy of Group 1 influenza A infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V. Voronina
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Favorskaya
- Medical Microbiology Department, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilias B. Esmagambetov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Dzharullaeva
- Medical Microbiology Department, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Amir I. Tukhvatulin
- Medical Microbiology Department, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Zubkova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Popova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav Y. Kan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Bandelyuk
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim M. Shmarov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Medical Microbiology Department, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S. Naroditskiy
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr L. Gintsburg
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
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Favorskaya IA, Shcheblyakov DV, Esmagambetov IB, Dolzhikova IV, Alekseeva IA, Korobkova AI, Voronina DV, Ryabova EI, Derkaev AA, Kovyrshina AV, Iliukhina AA, Botikov AG, Voronina OL, Egorova DA, Zubkova OV, Ryzhova NN, Aksenova EI, Kunda MS, Logunov DY, Naroditsky BS, Gintsburg AL. Single-Domain Antibodies Efficiently Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822159. [PMID: 35281053 PMCID: PMC8907979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-neutralizing antibodies are one of the few treatment options for COVID-19. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the emergence of virus variants with reduced sensitivity to some antibody-based therapies. The development of potent antibodies with a broad spectrum of neutralizing activity is urgently needed. Here we isolated a panel of single-domain antibodies that specifically bind to the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein. Three of the selected antibodies exhibiting most robust neutralization potency were used to generate dimeric molecules. We observed that these modifications resulted in up to a 200-fold increase in neutralizing activity. The most potent heterodimeric molecule efficiently neutralized each of SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants. This heterodimeric molecule could be a promising drug candidate for a treatment for COVID-19 caused by virus variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Favorskaya
- Medical Microbiology Department, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Shcheblyakov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilias B Esmagambetov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V Dolzhikova
- Department of the National Virus Collection, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Alekseeva
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia I Korobkova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Voronina
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Ryabova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem A Derkaev
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Kovyrshina
- Department of the National Virus Collection, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Iliukhina
- Department of the National Virus Collection, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Botikov
- Department of the National Virus Collection, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga L Voronina
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Egorova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Zubkova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia N Ryzhova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Aksenova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S Kunda
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y Logunov
- Medical Microbiology Department, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Naroditsky
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr L Gintsburg
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Tukhvatulin AI, Dolzhikova IV, Shcheblyakov DV, Zubkova OV, Dzharullaeva AS, Kovyrshina AV, Lubenets NL, Grousova DM, Erokhova AS, Botikov AG, Izhaeva FM, Popova O, Ozharovskaia TA, Esmagambetov IB, Favorskaya IA, Zrelkin DI, Voronina DV, Shcherbinin DN, Semikhin AS, Simakova YV, Tokarskaya EA, Shmarov MM, Nikitenko NA, Gushchin VA, Smolyarchuk EA, Zubkova TG, Zakharov KA, Vasilyuk VB, Borisevich SV, Naroditsky BS, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. An open, non-randomised, phase 1/2 trial on the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of single-dose vaccine "Sputnik Light" for prevention of coronavirus infection in healthy adults. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2021; 11:100241. [PMID: 34746910 PMCID: PMC8562788 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the world is experiencing another wave of COVID-19 pandemic, global vaccination program is hampered by an evident shortage in the supply of licensed vaccines. In an effort to satisfy vaccine demands we developed a new single-dose vaccine based on recombinant adenovirus type 26 (rAd26) vector carrying the gene for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) glycoprotein - "Sputnik Light". METHODS We conducted an open label, prospective, non-randomised phase 1/2 trial aimed to assess safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of "Sputnik Light" vaccine in a single center in Russia. Primary outcome measures were antigen-specific humoral immunity (Anti-RBD-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies measured by ELISA on days 1, 10, 28, and 42) and safety (number of participants with adverse events monitored throughout the study). Secondary outcome measures were antigen-specific cellular immunity (measured by antigen-dependent CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation, number of antigen-specific interferon-γ-producing cells as well as interferon-γ concentration upon antigen restimulation) and change in neutralizing antibodies (measured in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay). FINDINGS Most of the solicited adverse reactions were mild (66·4% from all vaccinees), few were moderate (5·5%). No serious adverse events were detected. Assessment of Anti-RBD-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies revealed a group with pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Upon this finding we separated all safety and immunogenicity data based on pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2. There were notable differences in the vaccine effects on immunogenicity by the groups. Vaccination of seropositive (N=14) volunteers rapidly boosted RBD-specific IgGs from reciprocal geometric mean titer (GMT) 594·4 at a baseline up to 26899 comparing to 29·09 in seronegative group (N=96) by day 10. By day 42 seroconversion rate reached 100% (93/93) in seronegative group with GMT 1648. At the same time, in the seropositive group, seroconversion rate by day 42 was 92·9% (13/14) with GMT 19986. Analysis of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 showed 81·7% (76/93) and 92·9% (13/14) seroconversion rates by day 42 with median reciprocal GMT 15·18 and 579·7 in the seronegative and seropositive groups, respectively. Antigen-specific T cell proliferation, formation of IFNy-producing cells, and IFNy secretion were observed in 96·7% (26/27), 96% (24/25), and 96% (24/25) of the seronegative group respectively and in 100% (3/3), 100% (5/5), and 100% (5/5) of the seropositive vaccinees, respectively. INTERPRETATION The single-dose rAd26 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine "Sputnik Light" has a good safety profile and induces a strong humoral and cellular immune responses both in seronegative and seropositive participants. FUNDING Russian Direct Investment Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir I. Tukhvatulin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V. Dolzhikova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Zubkova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Dzharullaeva
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kovyrshina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Lubenets
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria M. Grousova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Erokhova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei G. Botikov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fatima M. Izhaeva
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Popova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Ozharovskaia
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilias B. Esmagambetov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Favorskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis I. Zrelkin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V. Voronina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N. Shcherbinin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Semikhin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana V. Simakova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A. Tokarskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maksim M. Shmarov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Nikitenko
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A. Smolyarchuk
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Sergei V. Borisevich
- «48 Central Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow Region, Sergiev Posad, Russia
| | - Boris S. Naroditsky
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Popova OD, Zubkova OV, Ozharovskaia TA, Zrelkin DI, Voronina DV, Dolzhikova IV, Shcheblyakov DV, Naroditsky BS, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. [Review of candidate vaccines for the prevention of Lassa fever]. Vopr Virusol 2021; 66:91-102. [PMID: 33993679 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Lassa virus one of the main etiological agent of hemorrhagic fevers in the world: according to WHO estimates, it affects 100,000 to 300,000 people annually, which results in up to 10,000 deaths [1]. Although expansion of Lassa fever caused by this pathogen is mostly limited to the West African countries: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria, imported cases have been historically documented in Europe, the United States of America (USA), Canada, Japan, and Israel [2]. In 2017, WHO included the Lassa virus in the list of priority pathogens in need of accelerated research, development of vaccines, therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools regarding infections they cause [3]. This review describes main technological platforms used for the development of vaccines for the prevention of Lassa fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Popova
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - O V Zubkova
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - T A Ozharovskaia
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - D I Zrelkin
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - D V Voronina
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - I V Dolzhikova
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - D V Shcheblyakov
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - B S Naroditsky
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - D Yu Logunov
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A L Gintsburg
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
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5
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Logunov DY, Dolzhikova IV, Shcheblyakov DV, Tukhvatulin AI, Zubkova OV, Dzharullaeva AS, Kovyrshina AV, Lubenets NL, Grousova DM, Erokhova AS, Botikov AG, Izhaeva FM, Popova O, Ozharovskaya TA, Esmagambetov IB, Favorskaya IA, Zrelkin DI, Voronina DV, Shcherbinin DN, Semikhin AS, Simakova YV, Tokarskaya EA, Egorova DA, Shmarov MM, Nikitenko NA, Gushchin VA, Smolyarchuk EA, Zyryanov SK, Borisevich SV, Naroditsky BS, Gintsburg AL. Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia. Lancet 2021; 397:671-681. [PMID: 33545094 PMCID: PMC7852454 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1012] [Impact Index Per Article: 337.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A heterologous recombinant adenovirus (rAd)-based vaccine, Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), showed a good safety profile and induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in participants in phase 1/2 clinical trials. Here, we report preliminary results on the efficacy and safety of Gam-COVID-Vac from the interim analysis of this phase 3 trial. METHODS We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial at 25 hospitals and polyclinics in Moscow, Russia. We included participants aged at least 18 years, with negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR and IgG and IgM tests, no infectious diseases in the 14 days before enrolment, and no other vaccinations in the 30 days before enrolment. Participants were randomly assigned (3:1) to receive vaccine or placebo, with stratification by age group. Investigators, participants, and all study staff were masked to group assignment. The vaccine was administered (0·5 mL/dose) intramuscularly in a prime-boost regimen: a 21-day interval between the first dose (rAd26) and the second dose (rAd5), both vectors carrying the gene for the full-length SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein S. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 from day 21 after receiving the first dose. All analyses excluded participants with protocol violations: the primary outcome was assessed in participants who had received two doses of vaccine or placebo, serious adverse events were assessed in all participants who had received at least one dose at the time of database lock, and rare adverse events were assessed in all participants who had received two doses and for whom all available data were verified in the case report form at the time of database lock. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04530396). FINDINGS Between Sept 7 and Nov 24, 2020, 21 977 adults were randomly assigned to the vaccine group (n=16 501) or the placebo group (n=5476). 19 866 received two doses of vaccine or placebo and were included in the primary outcome analysis. From 21 days after the first dose of vaccine (the day of dose 2), 16 (0·1%) of 14 964 participants in the vaccine group and 62 (1·3%) of 4902 in the placebo group were confirmed to have COVID-19; vaccine efficacy was 91·6% (95% CI 85·6-95·2). Most reported adverse events were grade 1 (7485 [94·0%] of 7966 total events). 45 (0·3%) of 16 427 participants in the vaccine group and 23 (0·4%) of 5435 participants in the placebo group had serious adverse events; none were considered associated with vaccination, with confirmation from the independent data monitoring committee. Four deaths were reported during the study (three [<0·1%] of 16 427 participants in the vaccine group and one [<0·1%] of 5435 participants in the placebo group), none of which were considered related to the vaccine. INTERPRETATION This interim analysis of the phase 3 trial of Gam-COVID-Vac showed 91·6% efficacy against COVID-19 and was well tolerated in a large cohort. FUNDING Moscow City Health Department, Russian Direct Investment Fund, and Sberbank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Y Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Inna V Dolzhikova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Shcheblyakov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amir I Tukhvatulin
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Zubkova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S Dzharullaeva
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Kovyrshina
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L Lubenets
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria M Grousova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S Erokhova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei G Botikov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fatima M Izhaeva
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Popova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Ozharovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilias B Esmagambetov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Favorskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis I Zrelkin
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Voronina
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Shcherbinin
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Semikhin
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana V Simakova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A Tokarskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Egorova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maksim M Shmarov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A Nikitenko
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Smolyarchuk
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey K Zyryanov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei V Borisevich
- 48 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Naroditsky
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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6
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Logunov DY, Dolzhikova IV, Zubkova OV, Tukhvatullin AI, Shcheblyakov DV, Dzharullaeva AS, Grousova DM, Erokhova AS, Kovyrshina AV, Botikov AG, Izhaeva FM, Popova O, Ozharovskaya TA, Esmagambetov IB, Favorskaya IA, Zrelkin DI, Voronina DV, Shcherbinin DN, Semikhin AS, Simakova YV, Tokarskaya EA, Lubenets NL, Egorova DA, Shmarov MM, Nikitenko NA, Morozova LF, Smolyarchuk EA, Kryukov EV, Babira VF, Borisevich SV, Naroditsky BS, Gintsburg AL. Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia. Lancet 2020; 396:887-897. [PMID: 32896291 PMCID: PMC7471804 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a heterologous COVID-19 vaccine consisting of two components, a recombinant adenovirus type 26 (rAd26) vector and a recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) vector, both carrying the gene for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein (rAd26-S and rAd5-S). We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of two formulations (frozen and lyophilised) of this vaccine. METHODS We did two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies at two hospitals in Russia. We enrolled healthy adult volunteers (men and women) aged 18-60 years to both studies. In phase 1 of each study, we administered intramuscularly on day 0 either one dose of rAd26-S or one dose of rAd5-S and assessed the safety of the two components for 28 days. In phase 2 of the study, which began no earlier than 5 days after phase 1 vaccination, we administered intramuscularly a prime-boost vaccination, with rAd26-S given on day 0 and rAd5-S on day 21. Primary outcome measures were antigen-specific humoral immunity (SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies measured by ELISA on days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 42) and safety (number of participants with adverse events monitored throughout the study). Secondary outcome measures were antigen-specific cellular immunity (T-cell responses and interferon-γ concentration) and change in neutralising antibodies (detected with a SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation assay). These trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04436471 and NCT04437875. FINDINGS Between June 18 and Aug 3, 2020, we enrolled 76 participants to the two studies (38 in each study). In each study, nine volunteers received rAd26-S in phase 1, nine received rAd5-S in phase 1, and 20 received rAd26-S and rAd5-S in phase 2. Both vaccine formulations were safe and well tolerated. The most common adverse events were pain at injection site (44 [58%]), hyperthermia (38 [50%]), headache (32 [42%]), asthenia (21 [28%]), and muscle and joint pain (18 [24%]). Most adverse events were mild and no serious adverse events were detected. All participants produced antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein. At day 42, receptor binding domain-specific IgG titres were 14 703 with the frozen formulation and 11 143 with the lyophilised formulation, and neutralising antibodies were 49·25 with the frozen formulation and 45·95 with the lyophilised formulation, with a seroconversion rate of 100%. Cell-mediated responses were detected in all participants at day 28, with median cell proliferation of 2·5% CD4+ and 1·3% CD8+ with the frozen formulation, and a median cell proliferation of 1·3% CD4+ and 1·1% CD8+ with the lyophilised formulation. INTERPRETATION The heterologous rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine has a good safety profile and induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in participants. Further investigation is needed of the effectiveness of this vaccine for prevention of COVID-19. FUNDING Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Y Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Inna V Dolzhikova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Zubkova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amir I Tukhvatullin
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Shcheblyakov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S Dzharullaeva
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria M Grousova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S Erokhova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Kovyrshina
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei G Botikov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fatima M Izhaeva
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Popova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Ozharovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilias B Esmagambetov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Favorskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis I Zrelkin
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Voronina
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Shcherbinin
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Semikhin
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana V Simakova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A Tokarskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L Lubenets
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Egorova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maksim M Shmarov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A Nikitenko
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lola F Morozova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Smolyarchuk
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Kryukov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "The Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N N Burdenko" of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir F Babira
- Branch No 7 of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "The Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N N Burdenko" of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei V Borisevich
- 48 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Naroditsky
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Maerle AV, Voronina DV, Dobrochaeva KL, Galanina OE, Alekseev LP, Bovin NV, Zavriev SK, Ryazantsev DY. Immuno-PCR technology for detection of natural human antibodies against Le c disaccharide. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:199-205. [PMID: 28091939 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of an immuno-PCR assay for quantitation of low amounts of anti-glycan human antibodies is described. The sensitivity of the assay for determination of low-affinity anti-LeC IgM has been found to be 4 ng/ml (~100 pg per sample), thus being two orders of magnitude higher compared to the conventional ELISA with the same antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria V Voronina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kira L Dobrochaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana E Galanina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid P Alekseev
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei K Zavriev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Yu Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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