1
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Lu M, Chen K, Wu T, Cai H. Metal-Free Electrochemistry-Driven Decarboxylative Primary Alkyl-Alkoxylation of Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025:e202506639. [PMID: 40355387 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202506639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2025] [Revised: 05/11/2025] [Accepted: 05/12/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Here, a primary alkylative difunctionalization of olefins based on the decarboxylation of carboxylate ions to obtain alkyl radicals by electrochemical anodic oxidation is reported. The reaction employs quaternary ammonium carboxylates as the source of alkyl radicals and does not require additional oxidizing agents or electrolytes. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate range and functional group compatibility. It gently converts mono- or disubstituted styrene substrates and alkyl carboxylate anions of various carbon chain lengths and substituents to products under the reaction conditions. Furthermore, it is important to note that not only alcohols but carboxylic acids and water can also serve as nucleophilic reagents to participate in the reaction and yield the corresponding products. Preliminary mechanistic studies have demonstrated that the reaction is enabled by the lower oxidation potential of the carboxylate anion compared to that of the olefin. The anodic oxidation of the carboxylate anion occurs prior to the oxidation of the olefin, followed by decarboxylation to obtain alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqun Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Kailun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Hu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
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2
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Chen X, Xu Y, Zhao W, Wang X, Shi Q, Zhang S, Li F. 2D Aza-COF-Supported Ruthenium Complex: A Recyclable Auto-Tandem Catalyst for the Preparation of Quinazolinones from Allylic Alcohols and o-Aminobenzamides. Org Lett 2025; 27:3858-3864. [PMID: 40202910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2025]
Abstract
Ruthenium complex Ru(p-cymene)@Aza-COF was synthesized by the immobilization of [Ru(p-cymene)Cl][Cl] on a 2D Aza-COF. Then, this complex was utilized as an auto-tandem catalyst for the preparation of quinazolinones from allylic alcohols and o-aminobenzamides via redox isomerization/acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling. More importantly, its catalytic activity is well maintained during six runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Qixun Shi
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Shouhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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3
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Chen X, Dong B, Zhao G, Xu J, Li F. Auto-Tandem Catalyst: From Allylic Alcohols to Secondary Alcohols via Redox Isomerization/Atmospheric Hydrogenation in Water Catalyzed by a Water-Soluble Iridium Complex Bearing a Functional Ligand. Inorg Chem 2025; 64:3203-3212. [PMID: 39945470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c04283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
A water-soluble iridium complex [Cp*Ir(6,6'-(OH)2-2,2'-bpy)(H2O)][OTf]2 was found to be an efficient autotandem catalyst for the synthesis of secondary alcohols via redox isomerization/atmospheric hydrogenation in water. The OH groups in the bpy ligand are a key factor for the activity of the catalyst. Then, the mechanistic experiments and the practical utilization of the catalytic system were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Beixuan Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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4
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He Y, Shi L, Dong B, Zhao G, Li F. β-Methylation of Primary Alcohols with Methanol Catalyzed by a Metal-Ligand Bifunctional Iridium Catalyst. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12392-12400. [PMID: 39087433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient methods for the direct introduction of a methyl group into molecules is becoming increasingly important. Herein, the β-methylation of primary alcohols with methanol has been accomplished under environmentally benign conditions using [Cp*Ir(2,2'-bpyO)(H2O)] as a catalyst. It was found that functional groups in the ligand are crucially important for the activity of the iridium complex. Furthermore, the mechanistic research and application potential of our catalytic system are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lili Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Beixuan Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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5
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Dong B, Wu X, Shen L, He Y, Chen X, Zhang S, Li F. Poly(2,2'-Bibenzimidazole)-Supported Iridium Complex: A Recyclable Metal-Polymer Ligand Bifunctional Catalyst for the N-Methylation of Amines with Methanol. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:15072-15080. [PMID: 39066706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The design and development of new types of catalysts is one of the most important topics for modern chemistry. Herein, a polymer-supported iridium complex Cp*Ir@Poly(2,2'-BiBzIm) was designed and synthesized by the coordinative immobilization of [Cp*IrCl2]2 on 2,2'-bibenzimidazoles. In the presence of the catalyst (0.5 mol % Ir) and Cs2CO3 (0.3 equiv), a variety of N-methylated amines were obtained in high yields with complete selectivity. More importantly, the catalyst could be recycled without an obvious loss of activity for six cycles. Apparently, the designed catalyst combines the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beixuan Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Xingliang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Lu Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Yiqian He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Xiaozhong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Shouhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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6
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Xu X, You H, Dong B, He Y, Li F. Selective Conversion of Glycerol to Lactic Acid in Water via Acceptorless Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by a Water-Soluble Metal-Ligand Bifunctional Iridium Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12929-12934. [PMID: 38954498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
An efficient method for the selective conversion of glycerol, the major byproduct of the biodiesel manufacturing process, to lactic acid in water via acceptorless dehydrogenation has been developed. In the presence of a water-soluble [Cp*Ir(6,6'-(OH)2-2,2'-bpy)(H2O)][OTf]2 (0.1 mol %) and KOH (1.1 equiv), the reaction proceeded at 120 °C for 24 h to afford the desired product in >99% yield with >99% selectivity. It was confirmed that OH functional groups in the ligand were crucial for the activity of the iridium complex. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations and mechanistic experiments were also undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Heng You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Beixuan Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yiqian He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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7
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Shen L, Wu X, Shi L, Xu X, Zhang J, Li F. Selective N-Alkylation of Aminobenzenesulfonamides with Alcohols for the Synthesis of Amino-( N-alkyl)benzenesulfonamides Catalyzed by a Metal-Ligand Bifunctional Ruthenium Catalyst. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8397-8406. [PMID: 38825774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
[(p-Cymene)Ru(2,2'-bpyO)(H2O)] was proven to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of amino-(N-alkyl)benzenesulfonamides via selective N-alkylation of aminobenzenesulfonamides with alcohols. It was confirmed that functional groups in the bpy ligand are crucial for the activity of catalysts. Furthermore, the utilization of this catalytic system for the preparation of a biologically active compound was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xingliang Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lili Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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8
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Templ J, Schnürch M. A Guide for Mono-Selective N-Methylation, N-Ethylation, and N-n-Propylation of Primary Amines, Amides, and Sulfonamides and Their Applicability in Late-Stage Modification. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304205. [PMID: 38353032 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of mono-alkylation methodologies targeting crucial nitrogen moieties - amines, amides, and sulfonamides - found in organic building blocks and pharmaceuticals. Emphasizing the intersection of chemical precision with drug discovery, the central challenge addressed is achieving one-pot mono-selective short-chain N-alkylations (methylations, ethylations, and n-propylations), preventing undesired overalkylation. Additionally, sustainable, safe, and benign alternatives to traditional alkylating agents, including alcohols, carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids, nitriles, alkyl phosphates, quaternary ammonium salts, and alkyl carbonates, are explored. This review, categorized by the nature of the alkylating agent, aids researchers in selecting suitable methods for mono-selective N-alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Templ
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Bera S, Kabadwal LM, Banerjee D. Harnessing alcohols as sustainable reagents for late-stage functionalisation: synthesis of drugs and bio-inspired compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4607-4647. [PMID: 38525675 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol is ubiquitous with unparalleled structural diversity and thus has wide applications as a native functional group in organic synthesis. It is highly prevalent among biomolecules and offers promising opportunities for the development of chemical libraries. Over the last decade, alcohol has been extensively used as an environmentally friendly chemical for numerous organic transformations. In this review, we collectively discuss the utilisation of alcohol from 2015 to 2023 in various organic transformations and their application toward intermediates of drugs, drug derivatives and natural product-like molecules. Notable features discussed are as follows: (i) sustainable approaches for C-X alkylation (X = C, N, or O) including O-phosphorylation of alcohols, (ii) newer strategies using methanol as a methylating reagent, (iii) allylation of alkenes and alkynes including allylic trifluoromethylations, (iv) alkenylation of N-heterocycles, ketones, sulfones, and ylides towards the synthesis of drug-like molecules, (v) cyclisation and annulation to pharmaceutically active molecules, and (vi) coupling of alcohols with aryl halides or triflates, aryl cyanide and olefins to access drug-like molecules. We summarise the synthesis of over 100 drugs via several approaches, where alcohol was used as one of the potential coupling partners. Additionally, a library of molecules consisting over 60 fatty acids or steroid motifs is documented for late-stage functionalisation including the challenges and opportunities for harnessing alcohols as renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Lalit Mohan Kabadwal
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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10
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Ji J, Huo Y, Dai Z, Chen Z, Tu T. Manganese-Catalyzed Mono-N-Methylation of Aliphatic Primary Amines without the Requirement of External High-Hydrogen Pressure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318763. [PMID: 38300154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of mono-N-methylated aliphatic primary amines has traditionally been challenging, requiring noble metal catalysts and high-pressure H2 for achieving satisfactory yields and selectivity. Herein, we developed an approach for the selective coupling of methanol and aliphatic primary amines, without high-pressure hydrogen, using a manganese-based catalyst. Remarkably, up to 98 % yields with broad substrate scope were achieved at low catalyst loadings. Notably, due to the weak base-catalyzed alcoholysis of formamide intermediates, our novel protocol not only obviates the addition of high-pressure H2 but also prevents side secondary N-methylation, supported by control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yinghao Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhaowen Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhening Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tao Tu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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11
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Zhang J, Xu X, Zhao G, You H, Wang R, Li F. Hydrogenation of Quinones to Hydroquinones under Atmospheric Pressure Catalyzed by a Metal-Ligand Bifunctional Iridium Catalyst. Org Lett 2024; 26:1857-1862. [PMID: 38407095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A general method for the hydrogenation of quinones to hydroquinones under atmospheric pressure has been developed. In the presence of [Cp*Ir(2,2'-bpyO)(H2O)] (0.5-1 mol %), a range of products were obtained in high yields. Furthemore, the expansion of this catalytic system to the hydrogenation of 1,4-benzoquinone diimines was also presented. Functional groups in the bpy ligand were found to be crucial for the catalytic activity of iridium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Heng You
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Rongzhou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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12
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Xu X, Zhang J, Dong B, Li F. Upgrading Ethanol to n-Butanol in the Presence of Carbonate Catalyzed by a Cp*Ir Complex Bearing a Functional 2,2'-Carbonylbibenzimidazole Ligand. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3843-3849. [PMID: 38355102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Upgrading ethanol to n-butanol as biofuels is an important topic for sustainable chemistry. Herein, a Cp*Ir complex bearing a functional 2,2'-carbonylbibenzimidazole ligand [Cp*Ir(2,2'-COBiBzImH2)Cl][Cl] was designed and synthesized. In the presence of a catalyst (0.1 mol %) and Cs2CO3 (6 mol %), the highest yield of updated n-butanol is up to 37% with 80% selectivity. NH units in the ligand are crucially important for the catalytic activity of the iridium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Beixuan Dong
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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13
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Karak P, Sreelakshmi PA, Chakraborty B, Pal M, Khatua B, Lal Koner A, Choudhury J. Annulation-Induced Hidden Reactivity of the 1,2,4-Triazole Backbone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310603. [PMID: 37610555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Triazoles are an important class of compounds with widespread applications. Functionalization of the triazole backbone is thus of significant interest. In comparison to 1,2,3-triazoles, C-H activation-functionalization of the congeners 1,2,4-triazoles is surprisingly underdeveloped. Indeed, no such C-H activation-functionalization has been reported for 4-substituted 1,2,4-triazole cores. Furthermore, although denitrogenative ring-opening of 1,2,3-triazoles is well-explored, 1,2,4-triazole/triazolium substrates have not been known to exhibit N-N bond-cleaving ring-opening reactivity so far. In this work, we unveiled an unusual hidden reactivity of the 1,2,4-triazole backbone involving the elusive N-N bond-cleaving ring-opening reaction. This new reactivity was induced by a Satoh-Miura-type C-H activation-annulation at the 1,2,4-triazole motif appended with a pyridine directing group. This unique reaction allowed ready access to a novel class of unsymmetrically substituted 2,2'-dipyridylamines, with one pyridine ring fully-substituted with alkyl groups. The unsymmetrical 2,2'-dipyridylamines were utilized to access unsymmetrical boron-aza-dipyridylmethene fluorescent dyes. Empowered with desirable optical/physical properties such as large Stokes shifts and suitable hydrophobicity arising from optimal alkyl chain length at the fully-substituted pyridine-ring, these dyes were used for intracellular lipid droplet-selective imaging studies, which provided useful information toward designing suitable lipid droplet-selective imaging probes for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirudhan Karak
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - P A Sreelakshmi
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - Barsha Chakraborty
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - Manisha Pal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - Bitasik Khatua
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
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14
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Guo F, Shan S, Gong X, Dai C, Quan Z, Cheng X, Fan X. Deuteration Degree-Controllable Methylation via a Cascade Assembly Strategy using Methylamine-Water as Methyl Source. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301458. [PMID: 37222652 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel and effective photocatalytic method for the methylation of β-diketones with controllable degrees of deuterium incorporation via development of new methyl sources. By utilizing a methylamine-water system as the methyl precursor and a cascade assembly strategy for deuteration degree control, we synthesized methylated compounds with varying degrees of deuterium incorporation, showcasing the versatility of this approach. We examined a range of β-diketone substrates and synthesized key intermediates for drug and bioactive compounds with varying degrees of deuterium incorporation, ranging from 0 to 3. We also investigated and discussed the postulated reaction pathway. This work demonstrates the utility of readily available reagents, methylamines and water, as a new methyl source, and provides a simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of degree-controllable deuterium-labelled compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhu Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiquan Shan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xu Gong
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Cancan Dai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhengjun Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xiamin Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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15
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Chen X, Liu D, Yang C, Shi L, Li F. Hexaazatrinaphthalene-Based Covalent Triazine Framework-Supported Rhodium(III) Complex: A Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Reductive Amination of Ketones to Primary Amines. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37285321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts is an important topic. Herein, a rhodium(III) complex Cp*Rh@HATN-CTF was synthesized by the coordinative immobilization of [Cp*RhCl2]2 on a hexaazatrinaphthalene-based covalent triazine framework. In the presence of Cp*Rh@HATN-CTF (1 mo l% Rh), a series of primary amines could be obtained via the reductive amination of ketones in high yields. Moreover, catalytic activity of Cp*Rh@HATN-CTF is well maintained during six runs. The present catalytic system was also applied for the large scale preparation of a biologically active compound. It would facilitate the development of CTF-supported transition metal catalysts for sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Deyun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lili Shi
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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16
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Recent advances in the catalytic N-methylation and N-trideuteromethylation reactions using methanol and deuterated methanol. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Mondal A, Karattil Suresh A, Sivakumar G, Balaraman E. Sustainable and Affordable Synthesis of (Deuterated) N-Methyl/Ethyl Amines from Nitroarenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:8990-8995. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Abhijith Karattil Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Ganesan Sivakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
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18
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Luo S, Xu X, Zhang P, Shi Q, Yang X, Li F. Autotandem Catalyst: From Acylhydrazones to N′, N′-Methylaliphatic Acylhydrazides via Transfer Hydrogenation/ N-Methylation with Methanol Catalyzed by a Cp* Iridium Complex Bearing a Functional Ligand. Org Lett 2022; 24:9081-9085. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Qixun Shi
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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19
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Direct couplings of secondary alcohols with primary alkenyl alcohols to α-alkylated ketones via a tandem transfer hydrogenation/hydrogen autotransfer process catalyzed by a metal-ligand bifunctional iridium catalyst. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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