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Gräfenhahn M, Beyrer M. Plant-Based Meat Analogues in the Human Diet: What Are the Hazards? Foods 2024; 13:1541. [PMID: 38790841 PMCID: PMC11121679 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Research regarding meat analogues is mostly based on formulation and process development. Information concerning their safety, shelf life, and long-term nutritional and health effects is limited. This article reviews the existing literature and analyzes potential hazards introduced or modified throughout the processing chain of plant-based meat analogues via extrusion processing, encompassing nutritional, microbiological, chemical, and allergen aspects. It was found that the nutritional value of plant-based raw materials and proteins extracted thereof increases along the processing chain. However, the nutritional value of plant-based meat analogues is lower than that of e.g., animal-based products. Consequently, higher quantities of these products might be needed to achieve a nutritional profile similar to e.g., meat. This could lead to an increased ingestion of undigestible proteins and dietary fiber. Although dietary fibers are known to have many positive health benefits, they present a hazard since their consumption at high concentrations might lead to gastrointestinal reactions. Even though there is plenty of ongoing research on this topic, it is still not clear how the sole absorption of metabolites derived from plant-based products compared with animal-based products ultimately affects human health. Allergens were identified as a hazard since plant-based proteins can induce an allergic reaction, are known to have cross-reactivities with other allergens and cannot be eliminated during the processing of meat analogues. Microbiological hazards, especially the occurrence of spore- and non-spore-forming bacteria, do not represent a particular case if requirements and regulations are met. Lastly, it was concluded that there are still many unknown variables and open questions regarding potential hazards possibly present in meat analogues, including processing-related compounds such as n-nitrosamines, acrylamide, and heterocyclic aromatic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gräfenhahn
- Institute of Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis (HES-SO VS), 1950 Sion, Switzerland
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2
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Zhou Y, Zhai S, Yao G, Li J, Li Z, Ma Z, Ma Q. Formation and prediction of heterocyclic amines and N-nitrosamines in smoked sausages using back propagation artificial neural network. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4083-4096. [PMID: 38323696 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterocyclic amines (HAs) and N-nitrosamines (NAs) are formed easily during the thermal processing of food, and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that consuming HAs and NAs increases the risk of cancer. However, there are few studies on the application of back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) models to simultaneously predict the content of HAs and NAs in sausages. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cooking time and temperature, smoking time and temperature, and fat-to-lean ratio on the formation of HAs and NAs in smoked sausages, and to predict their total content based on the BP-ANN model. RESULTS With an increase in processing time, processing temperature and fat ratio, the content of HAs and NAs in smoked sausages increased significantly, while the content of HA precursors and nitrite residues decreased significantly. The optimal network topology of the BP-ANN model was 5-11-2, the correlation coefficient values for training, validation, testing and all datasets were 0.99228, 0.99785, 0.99520 and 0.99369, respectively, and the mean squared error value of the best validation performance was 0.11326. The bias factor and the accuracy factor were within acceptable limits, and the predicted values approximated the true values, indicating that the model has good predictive performance. CONCLUSION The contents of HAs and NAs in smoked sausages were significantly influenced by the cooking conditions, smoking conditions and fat ratio. The BP-ANN model has high application value in predicting the contents of HAs and NAs in sausages, which provides a theoretical basis for the suppression of carcinogen formation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shimin Zhai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangming Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jihong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zongping Li
- National Drinking Water Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- High-tech Industry Promotion Center, Jilin, China
| | - Qingshu Ma
- National Drinking Water Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Jilin, China
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3
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Lenski M, Zarcone G, Maallem S, Garçon G, Lo-Guidice JM, Allorge D, Anthérieu S. Metabolomics Provides Novel Insights into the Potential Toxicity Associated with Heated Tobacco Products, Electronic Cigarettes, and Tobacco Cigarettes on Human Bronchial Epithelial BEAS-2B Cells. TOXICS 2024; 12:128. [PMID: 38393223 PMCID: PMC10893046 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Smoking is an established risk factor for various pathologies including lung cancer. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) have appeared on the market in recent years, but their safety or, conversely, their toxicity has not yet been demonstrated. This study aimed to compare the metabolome of human lung epithelial cells exposed to emissions of e-cigs, HTPs, or 3R4F cigarettes in order to highlight potential early markers of toxicity. BEAS-2B cells were cultured at the air-liquid interface and exposed to short-term emissions from e-cigs set up at low or medium power, HTPs, or 3R4F cigarettes. Untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Compared to unexposed cells, both 3R4F cigarette and HTP emissions affected the profiles of exogenous compounds, one of which is carcinogenic, as well as those of endogenous metabolites from various pathways including oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism. However, these effects were observed at lower doses for cigarettes (2 and 4 puffs) than for HTPs (60 and 120 puffs). No difference was observed after e-cig exposure, regardless of the power conditions. These results suggest a lower acute toxicity of e-cig emissions compared to cigarettes and HTPs in BEAS-2B cells. The pathways deregulated by HTP emissions are also described to be altered in respiratory diseases, emphasizing that the toxicity of HTPs should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lenski
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS—IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (S.M.); (G.G.); (J.-M.L.-G.); (D.A.)
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, F-59037 Lille, France
| | - Gianni Zarcone
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS—IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (S.M.); (G.G.); (J.-M.L.-G.); (D.A.)
| | - Saïd Maallem
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS—IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (S.M.); (G.G.); (J.-M.L.-G.); (D.A.)
| | - Guillaume Garçon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS—IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (S.M.); (G.G.); (J.-M.L.-G.); (D.A.)
| | - Jean-Marc Lo-Guidice
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS—IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (S.M.); (G.G.); (J.-M.L.-G.); (D.A.)
| | - Delphine Allorge
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS—IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (S.M.); (G.G.); (J.-M.L.-G.); (D.A.)
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, F-59037 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Anthérieu
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS—IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (S.M.); (G.G.); (J.-M.L.-G.); (D.A.)
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Tshikhudo PP, Mabhaudhi T, Koorbanally NA, Mudau FN, Avendaño Caceres EO, Popa D, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Anticancer Potential of β-Carboline Alkaloids: An Updated Mechanistic Overview. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301263. [PMID: 38108650 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
his comprehensive review is designed to evaluate the anticancer properties of β-carbolines derived from medicinal plants, with the ultimate goal of assessing their suitability and potential in cancer treatment, management, and prevention. An exhaustive literature survey was conducted on a wide array of β-carbolines including, but not limited to, harmaline, harmine, harmicine, harman, harmol, harmalol, pinoline, tetrahydroharmine, tryptoline, cordysinin C, cordysinin D, norharmane, and perlolyrine. Various analytical techniques were employed to identify and screen these compounds, followed by a detailed analysis of their anticancer mechanisms. Natural β-carbolines such as harmaline and harmine have shown promising inhibitory effects on the growth of cancer cells, as evidenced by multiple in vitro and in vivo studies. Synthetically derived β-carbolines also displayed noteworthy anticancer, neuroprotective, and cognitive-enhancing effects. The current body of research emphasizes the potential of β-carbolines as a unique source of bioactive compounds for cancer treatment. The diverse range of β-carbolines derived from medicinal plants can offer valuable insights into the development of new therapeutic strategies for cancer management and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phumudzo P Tshikhudo
- Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Directorate Plant Health, Division Pest Risk Analysis, Arcadia, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Fhatuwani N Mudau
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Edgardo Oscar Avendaño Caceres
- Departamento de quimica e ingenieria Quimica, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann. Avenida Miraflores s/n, Tacna, 23001, Perú
| | - Dragos Popa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
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Lai YW, Inbaraj BS, Chen BH. Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons via GC-MS/MS and Heterocyclic Amines via UPLC-MS/MS in Crispy Pork Spareribs for Studying Their Formation during Frying. Foods 2024; 13:185. [PMID: 38254486 PMCID: PMC10814522 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of frying conditions on the formation of HAs and PAHs in crispy pork spareribs, a popular meat commodity sold on Taiwan's market. Raw pork spareribs were marinated, coated with sweet potato powder, and fried in soybean oil and palm oil at 190 °C/6 min or 150 °C/12 min, followed by an analysis of HAs and PAHs via QuEChERS coupled with UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, respectively. Both HAs and PAHs in pork spareribs during frying followed a temperature- and time-dependent rise. A total of 7 HAs (20.34-25.97 μg/kg) and 12 PAHs (67.69-85.10 μg/kg) were detected in pork spareribs fried in soybean oil and palm oil at 150 °C/12 min or 190 °C/6 min, with palm oil producing a higher level of total HAs and a lower level of total PAHs than soybean oil. The content changes of amino acid, reducing sugar, and creatinine played a vital role in affecting HA formation, while the degree of oil unsaturation and the contents of precursors including benzaldehyde, 2-cyclohexene-1-one, and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal showed a crucial role in affecting PAH formation. The principal component analysis revealed that HAs and PAHs were formed by different mechanisms, with the latter being more liable to formation in pork spareribs during frying, while the two-factorial analysis indicated that the interaction between oil type and frying condition was insignificant for HAs and PAHs generated in crispy pork spareribs. Both CcdP (22.67-32.78 μg/kg) and Pyr (16.70-22.36 μg/kg) dominated in PAH formation, while Harman (14.46-17.91 μg/kg) and Norharman (3.41-4.55 μg/kg) dominated in HA formation in crispy pork spareribs during frying. The outcome of this study forms a basis for learning both the variety and content of HAs and PAHs generated during the frying of pork spareribs and the optimum frying condition to minimize their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Lai
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (Y.-W.L.); (B.S.I.)
| | - Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (Y.-W.L.); (B.S.I.)
| | - Bing-Huei Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
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6
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Abdelazim AH, Algarni MA, Almalki AH. Innovative spectrofluorometric method for determination of harmaline and harmine in different matrices. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19951. [PMID: 37968310 PMCID: PMC10652015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmaline and harmine are naturally occurring closely related β-carboline alkaloids found in Peganum and Banisteriopsis plants. They have historical significance in traditional practices due to their potential psychoactive and therapeutic properties. Herein, a highly sensitive spectrofluorometric method was developed for the quantifying of harmaline and harmine in diverse matrices, including pure forms, seed samples, and spiked plasma. The procedures lie in addressing the challenge of overlapping fluorescence spectra exhibited by harmaline and harmine through the incorporation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, altering their chemical properties and fluorescence characteristics. Synchronous fluorescence measurements coupled with first derivative mathematical technique make it possible to distinguish between the harmaline and harmine at 419 and 456 nm, respectively. The method effectiveness is demonstrated through spectral analysis, optimization of the measurement conditions, adopting validation parameters and application to the pure form, seed samples and spiked human plasma. This methodology facilitates accurate determination of these alkaloids over the concentration range of 10─200 ng/mL. Thus, the developed approach provides a robust mean for the precise determination of harmaline and harmine, contributing to analytical chemistry's ongoing efforts to address complex challenges in quantification across diverse matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
| | - Majed A Algarni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Bellamri M, Brandt K, Cammerrer K, Syeda T, Turesky RJ, Cannon JR. Nuclear DNA and Mitochondrial Damage of the Cooked Meat Carcinogen 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5- b]pyridine in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1361-1373. [PMID: 37421305 PMCID: PMC10626466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Animal fat and iron-rich diets are risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). The heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) harman and norharman are neurotoxicants formed in many foods and beverages, including cooked meats, suggesting a role for red meat in PD. The structurally related carcinogenic HAAs 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylmidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC) also form in cooked meats. We investigated the cytotoxicity, DNA-damaging potential, and mitochondrial damage of HAAs and their genotoxic HONH-HAA metabolites in galactose-dependent SH-SY5Y cells, a human neuroblastoma cell line relevant for PD-related neurotoxicity. All HAAs and HONH-HAAs induced weak toxicity except HONH-PhIP, which was 1000-fold more potent than the other chemicals. HONH-PhIP DNA adduct formation occurred at 300-fold higher levels than adducts formed with HONH-MeIQx and HONH-AαC, assuming similar cellular uptake rates. PhIP-DNA adduct levels occurred at concentrations as low as 1 nM and were threefold or higher and more persistent in mitochondrial DNA than nuclear DNA. N-Acetyltransferases (NATs), sulfotransferases, and kinases catalyzed PhIP-DNA binding and converted HONH-PhIP to highly reactive ester intermediates. DNA binding assays with cytosolic, mitochondrial, and nuclear fractions of SH-SY5Y fortified with cofactors revealed that cytosolic AcCoA-dependent enzymes, including NAT1, mainly carried out HONH-PhIP bioactivation to form N-acetoxy-PhIP, which binds to DNA. Furthermore, HONH-PHIP and N-acetoxy-PhIP inhibited mitochondrial complex-I, -II, and -III activities in isolated SH-SY5Y mitochondria. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex dysfunction and DNA damage are major mechanisms in PD pathogenesis. Our data support the possible role of PhIP in PD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kyle Brandt
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kari Cammerrer
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Li X, Yang Z, Deng J, Chen C, Xu B, Li P. Effect of quercetin and oil water separation system on formation of β-carboline heterocyclic amines during frying process of braised chicken drumsticks. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 6:100406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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9
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Inhibitory effects of hydrocolloids on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in smoked chicken drumsticks and the underlying mechanism. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Wang K, Wang H, Shan Y, Yang X, Niu S, Li J, Wang H. Inhibitory effects of 25 spices on heterocyclic aromatic amines formation in cooked pork patties. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Endogenous Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives from Dietary Factors: Neurotoxicity Assessment on a 3D Neurosphere Culture. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217443. [PMID: 36364268 PMCID: PMC9656915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) alkaloids and their derivatives have a structural similarity to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a well-known neurotoxin. THIQs seem to present a broad range of actions in the brain, critically dependent on their catechol moieties and metabolism. These properties make it reasonable to assume that an acute or chronic exposure to some THIQs might lead to neurodegenerative diseases including essential tremor (ET). We developed a method to search for precursor carbonyl compounds produced during the Maillard reaction in overcooked meats to study their reactivity with endogenous amines and identify the reaction products. Then, we predicted in silico their pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties toward the central nervous system. Finally, their possible neurological effects on a novel in vitro 3D neurosphere model were assessed. The obtained data indicate that meat is an alkaloid precursor, and we identified the alkaloid 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol (1-benz-6,7-diol THIQ) as the condensation product of phenylacetaldehyde with dopamine; in silico study of 1-benz-6,7-diol-THIQ reveals modulation of dopamine receptor D1 and D2; and in vitro study of 1-benz-6,7-diol-THIQ for cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induction does not show any difference after 24 h contact for all tested concentrations. To conclude, our in vitro data do not support an eventual neurotoxic effect for 1-benz-6,7-diol-THIQ.
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Application of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection for Non-Polar Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Acridine Derivatives Determination in Pork Loin Roasted in a Roasting Bag. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213385. [DOI: 10.3390/foods11213385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat treatment of meat can lead to the formation of carcinogenic organic compounds. The influence of dried fruits on the formation of non-polar heterocyclic aromatic amines (carbolines) and nitrogen derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (azaarenes) in roasted pork loin was elucidated. Two hundred grams of fruit per 1 kg of meat were used as stuffing. Carbolines, derivatives of pyridoimidazole and pyridoindole, and azaarenes (benzoacridines and dibenzoacridines) were determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The total concentration of six δ-, γ- and α-carbolines in roasted pork loin was 1.3 ng/g. This content decreased by 64%, 58%, and 54% in pork loin stuffed with prunes, apricots, and cranberries, respectively. Concentrations of β-carbolines (harmane and norharmane) increased under the influence of added fruits. The norharmane content increased the most, from 2.2 ng/g in the control sample to 12.3 ng/g in meat prepared with cranberries. The harmane content increased from 1.0 ng/g to 3.6 ng/g in meat with prunes. The total concentration of azaarenes (two benzoacridines and dibenzo[a,c]acridine), which was close to 0.1 ng/g, decreased in dishes with prunes and apricots by 54% and 12%, respectively. Azaarenes were not found in samples of meat stuffed with cranberries.
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13
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Chen J, Lu Y, Ye F, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Li J, Wu Q, Xu X, Wu Q, Wei B, Zhang H, Wang H. A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the Anthranilyl-CoA Synthetase PqsA for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0276421. [PMID: 35856709 PMCID: PMC9430567 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02764-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges associated with the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections is the high prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR). Since conventional antibiotics are ineffective at treating such bacterial infections, innovative antibiotics acting upon novel targets or via mechanisms are urgently required. In this study, we identified a quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI), norharmane, that uniquely shows weak antibacterial activity but strongly inhibits pyocyanin production and biofilm formation of MDR P. aeruginosa. Biophysical experiments and molecular docking studies showed that norharmane competes with anthraniloyl-AMP for anthranilyl-CoA synthetase PqsA of P. aeruginosa at the ligand-binding pocket, which is not exploited by current inhibitors, thereby altering transcription regulatory activity. Moreover, norharmane exhibits synergy with polymyxin B. This synergism exhibits a high killing rate, low probability of resistance selection, and minimal cytotoxicity. Notably, norharmane can effectively boost polymyxin B activity against MDR P. aeruginosa-associated infections in animal models. Together, our findings provide novel insight critical to the design of improved PqsA inhibitors, and an effective combination strategy to overcome multiantibiotic bacterial resistance using conventional antibiotics and QSIs. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dominant hospital-acquired bacterial pathogen typically found in immunocompromised individuals. It is particularly dangerous for patients with chronic lung diseases and was identified as a serious threat for patients in the 2019 Antimicrobial Resistance Threats report (https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest-threats.html). In this study, we used activity-based high-throughput screening to identify norharmane, a potent and selective inhibitor of P. aeruginosa PqsA, which is a well-conserved master quorum sensing (QS) regulator in multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa. This compound competitively binds anthranilyl-CoA synthetase PqsA at the anthraniloyl-AMP binding domain, which has not been exploited by known inhibitors. Remarkably, norharmane can significantly block the production of the virulence factor, pyocyanin (87%), and biofilm formation (80%) in MDR P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, norharmane is capable of augmenting polymyxin B activity against MDR P. aeruginosa in cell cultures and animal models. Taken together, these results suggest that norharmane may be an effective adjuvant for combating multiantibiotic bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaojia Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xuewei Xu
- Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qihao Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Zorrilla JG, Evidente A. Structures and Biological Activities of Alkaloids Produced by Mushrooms, a Fungal Subgroup. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081025. [PMID: 35892335 PMCID: PMC9332295 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a wide family of basic N-containing natural products, whose research has revealed bioactive compounds of pharmacological interest. Studies on these compounds have focused more attention on those produced by plants, although other types of organisms have also been proven to synthesize bioactive alkaloids, such as animals, marine organisms, bacteria, and fungi. This review covers the findings of the last 20 years (2002–2022) related to the isolation, structures, and biological activities of the alkaloids produced by mushrooms, a fungal subgroup, and their potential to develop drugs and agrochemicals. In some cases, the synthesis of the reviewed compounds and structure−activity relationship studies have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús G. Zorrilla
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/Republica Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
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15
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Wallraff JP, Ungeheuer F, Dombrowski A, Oehlmann J, Vogel AL. Occurrence and in vitro toxicity of organic compounds in urban background PM 2.5. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152779. [PMID: 35007573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the chemical composition and in vitro toxicity of the organic fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at an urban background site, which receives emissions either from Frankfurt international airport or the city centre, respectively. We analysed the chemical composition of filter extracts (PM2.5) using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer, followed by a non-target analysis. In parallel, we applied the bulk of the filter extracts to a Microtox and acetylcholinesterase-inhibition assay for in vitro toxicity testing. We find that both the chemical composition and toxicity depend on the prevailing wind directions, and the airport operating condition, respectively. The occurrence of the airport marker compounds tricresyl phosphate and pentaerythritol esters depends on the time of the day, reflecting the night flight ban as well as an airport strike event during November 2019. We compared the organic aerosol composition and toxicity from the airport wind-sector against the city centre wind-sector. We find that urban background aerosol shows a higher baseline toxicity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition compared to rural PM2.5 that is advected over the airport. Our results indicate that the concentration and individual composition of PM2.5 influence the toxicity. Suspected drivers of the acetylcholinesterase inhibition are i.e. organophosphorus esters like triphenyl phosphate and cresyldiphenyl phosphate, and the non-ionic surfactant 4-tert-octylphenol ethoxylate. However, further research is necessary to unambiguously identify harmful organic air pollutants and their sources and quantify concentration levels at which adverse effects in humans and the environment can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas P Wallraff
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Ungeheuer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Dombrowski
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander L Vogel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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16
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Nardin T, Larcher R, Barnaba C, Bertoldi D, Pasut D, Romanzin A, Piasentier E. Alkaloid profiling of Italian alpine herbs using high resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap-MS). Nat Prod Res 2022:1-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2050908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Nardin
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Chiara Barnaba
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Daniela Bertoldi
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Romanzin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Edi Piasentier
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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17
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Jibrin MO, Liu Q, Guingab-Cagmat J, Jones JB, Garrett TJ, Zhang S. Metabolomics Insights into Chemical Convergence in Xanthomonas perforans and Metabolic Changes Following Treatment with the Small Molecule Carvacrol. Metabolites 2021; 11:879. [PMID: 34940636 PMCID: PMC8706651 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes are natural chemical factories and their metabolome comprise diverse arrays of chemicals. The genus Xanthomonas comprises some of the most important plant pathogens causing devastating yield losses globally and previous studies suggested that species in the genus are untapped chemical minefields. In this study, we applied an untargeted metabolomics approach to study the metabolome of a globally spread important xanthomonad, X. perforans. The pathogen is difficult to manage, but recent studies suggest that the small molecule carvacrol was efficient in disease control. Bacterial strains were treated with carvacrol, and samples were taken at time intervals (1 and 6 h). An untreated control was also included. There were five replicates for each sample and samples were prepared for metabolomics profiling using the standard procedure. Metabolomics profiling was carried out using a thermo Q-Exactive orbitrap mass spectrometer with Dionex ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and an autosampler. Annotation of significant metabolites using the Metabolomics Standards Initiative level 2 identified an array of novel metabolites that were previously not reported in Xanthomonas perforans. These metabolites include methoxybrassinin and cyclobrassinone, which are known metabolites of brassicas; sarmentosin, a metabolite of the Passiflora-heliconiine butterfly system; and monatin, a naturally occurring sweetener found in Sclerochiton ilicifolius. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these metabolites in a microbial system. Other significant metabolites previously identified in non-Xanthomonas systems but reported in this study include maculosin; piperidine; β-carboline alkaloids, such as harman and derivatives; and several important medically relevant metabolites, such as valsartan, metharbital, pirbuterol, and ozagrel. This finding is consistent with convergent evolution found in reported biological systems. Analyses of the effect of carvacrol in time-series and associated pathways suggest that carvacrol has a global effect on the metabolome of X. perforans, showing marked changes in metabolites that are critical in energy biosynthesis and degradation pathways, amino acid pathways, nucleic acid pathways, as well as the newly identified metabolites whose pathways are unknown. This study provides the first insight into the X. perforans metabolome and additionally lays a metabolomics-guided foundation for characterization of novel metabolites and pathways in xanthomonad systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ojonuba Jibrin
- Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (M.O.J.); (Q.L.)
- Department of Crop Protection, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810103, Nigeria
| | - Qingchun Liu
- Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (M.O.J.); (Q.L.)
| | - Joy Guingab-Cagmat
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.G.-C.); (T.J.G.)
| | - Jeffrey B. Jones
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.G.-C.); (T.J.G.)
| | - Shouan Zhang
- Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (M.O.J.); (Q.L.)
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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18
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Cao Y, Li B, Ismail N, Smith K, Li T, Dai R, Deng Y. Neurotoxicity and Underlying Mechanisms of Endogenous Neurotoxins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12805. [PMID: 34884606 PMCID: PMC8657695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous neurotoxins are important factors leading to neurodegenerative diseases. In the 1980s, the discovery that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) contributes to Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms led to new research investigations on neurotoxins. An abnormal metabolism of endogenous substances, such as condensation of bioamines with endogenous aldehydes, dopamine (DA) oxidation, and kynurenine pathway, can produce endogenous neurotoxins. Neurotoxins may damage the nervous system by inhibiting mitochondrial activity, increasing oxidative stress, increasing neuroinflammation, and up-regulating proteins related to cell death. This paper reviews the biological synthesis of various known endogenous neurotoxins and their toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Bo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.D.)
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- Neuroimmunology, Stress and Endocrinology (NISE) Lab, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.I.); (K.S.)
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kevin Smith
- Neuroimmunology, Stress and Endocrinology (NISE) Lab, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Tianmei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.D.)
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongji Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yulin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.D.)
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19
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Śnieżek E, Szumska M, Nowak A, Janoszka B. The effect of onion and garlic on non-polar heterocyclic aromatic amines (α-, β-, γ- and δ-carbolines) formation in pan-fried meat and gravy. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 39:35-51. [PMID: 34732105 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1994155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermal treatment of protein-rich food can lead to the formation of biologically active heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). One of the methods to learn how to reduce the content as well as the influence of these compounds on heath is the study of factors inhibiting their synthesis. In the current investigation, the effect of onion and garlic on the formation of six possibly carcinogenic non-polar HAAs (α-, γ- and δ-carbolines) and two co-mutagenic β-carbolines (harmane and norharmane) was evaluated by comparing their contents in meat and gravy samples obtained from pan-fried pork dishes prepared in the presence and absence of these vegetables. Carbolines were isolated from food samples by solid phase extraction. The quantitative analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The concentrations of individual compounds in dishes prepared without added vegetables ranged from 0.02 ng g-1 (3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5 H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole; Trp-P-1) to 10.1 ng g-1 of meat (2-amino-9 H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole; AαC). Onion (30 g/100 g of meat) and garlic (15 g/100 g of meat) lowered the total content (in meat and gravy) of the α-, δ- and γ-carbolines in the range from 52% to 87%. In contrast, onion caused an increase in the norharmane concentration both in meat and gravy. The percentage of carbolines in the gravies (assuming that their total content in meat and gravy is 100%) was higher in dishes prepared with onion and garlic than in dishes without these seasonings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Śnieżek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szumska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nowak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Janoszka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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20
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Olalekan Adeyeye SA, Ashaolu TJ. Heterocyclic Amine Formation and Mitigation in Processed Meat and Meat Products: A Mini-Review. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1868-1877. [PMID: 33956955 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This review provides an assessment of heterocyclic amine (HCA) formation and mitigation in processed meat and meat products. HCAs are formed when amino acids react with creatine during thermal processing of meat and meat products. The formation of HCAs depends on various factors, including the temperature, cooking time, fat contents, and presence of HCA precursors such as water, lipids, and marinades. Additional factors that could affect HCA formation are pH, meat type, and ingredients added during cooking such as antioxidants, amino acids, ions, fat, and sugars, which promote production of HCAs. 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline, and 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline are HCAs of importance because of their link to cancer in humans. More than 25 HCAs have been identified in processed foods. Of these, nine HCAs are possible human carcinogens (group 2B) and one is a probable human carcinogen (group 2A). To mitigate HCA generation during heat processing, various techniques have been used, including recipe variations, adjustments of thermal processing conditions, addition of flavorings, pretreatments such as microwave heating, and addition of naturally occurring and artificial antioxidants. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ayofemi Olalekan Adeyeye
- Department for Management of Science & Technology Development and Faculty of Environment and Labor Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development and Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
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21
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Wang Q, Li J, Li K, Li C. Effects of turmeric on reducing heterocyclic aromatic amines in Chinese tradition braised meat products and the underlying mechanism. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5575-5582. [PMID: 34646527 PMCID: PMC8498065 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Braised meat products are kinds of popular traditional meat food in China. However, current data on the formation of Amino-carboline congeners Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) and the inhibitory methods in braised meat products are limited. In the present study, the inhibition effect of turmeric and curcumin on the formation of β-carboline heterocyclic aromatic amines in braised meat were investigated. And the preliminary mechanism of curcumin inhibiting the formation of β-carboline heterocyclic amines was also explored in the chemical model. The results indicated that 5% of turmeric could significantly inhibit the formation of harman (94.8%) and norharman (49.56%) in braised meat, and curcumin was one of the key active compound accounting for this effect. In the tryptophan model, 0.05 mmol of curcumin significantly inhibited the formation of norharman and harman by over 70% (p < .05). Further investigation indicated that curcumin inhibited the formation of β-carboline heterocyclic amines mainly by inhibiting the formation of carbonyl compounds and 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid and scavenging β-carboline HAAs. These results could provide a natural spice-based method for reducing heterocyclic aromatic amines in Chinese tradition braised meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jin Li
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food ScienceMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food ScienceMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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22
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Key Aspects of Amadori Rearrangement Products as Future Food Additives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144314. [PMID: 34299589 PMCID: PMC8303902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavor is one of the most important factors in attracting consumers and maximizing food quality, and the Maillard reaction (MR) is highly-involved in flavor formation. However, Maillard reaction products have a big drawback in their relatively low stability in thermal treatment and storage. Amadori rearrangement products (ARPs), MR intermediates, can alternatively act as potential flavor additives for their better stability and fresh flavor formation ability. This review aims to elucidate key aspects of ARPs’ future application as flavorings. The development of current analytical technologies enables the precise characterization of ARPs, while advanced preparation methods such as synthesis, separation and drying processes can increase the yield of ARPs to up to 95%. The stability of ARPs is influenced by their chemical nature, pH value, temperature, water activity and food matrix. ARPs are associated with umami and kokumi taste enhancing effects, and the flavor formation is related to amino acids/peptides of the ARPs. Peptide-ARPs can generate peptide-specific flavors, such as: 1,6-dimethy-2(1H)-pyrazinone, 1,5-dimethy-2(1H)-pyrazinone, and 1,5,6-trimethy-2(1H)-pyrazinone. However, further research on systematic stability and toxicology are needed.
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23
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Jaka O, Iturria I, van der Toorn M, Hurtado de Mendoza J, Latino DARS, Alzualde A, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Koshibu K. Effects of Natural Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Zebrafish. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669370. [PMID: 34079463 PMCID: PMC8165606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are a valuable class of mitochondrial enzymes with a critical role in neuromodulation. In this study, we investigated the effect of natural MAO inhibitors on novel environment-induced anxiety by using the zebrafish novel tank test (NTT). Because zebrafish spend more time at the bottom of the tank when they are anxious, anxiolytic compounds increase the time zebrafish spend at the top of the tank and vice versa. Using this paradigm, we found that harmane, norharmane, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) induce anxiolytic-like effects in zebrafish, causing them to spend more time at the top of the test tank and less time at the bottom. 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-naphtoquinone (TMN) induced an interesting mix of both anxiolytic- and anxiogenic-like effects during the first and second halves of the test, respectively. TIQ was unique in having no observable effect on general movement. Similarly, a reference MAO inhibitor clorgyline—but not pargyline—increased the time spent at the top in a concentration-dependent manner. We also demonstrated that the brain bioavailability of these compounds are high based on the ex vivo bioavailability assay and in silico prediction models, which support the notion that the observed effects on anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish were most likely due to the direct effect of these compounds in the brain. This study is the first investigation to demonstrate the anxiolytic-like effects of MAO inhibitors on novel environment-induced anxiety in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Jaka
- Biobide, Gipuzkoa Scientific and Technological Park, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Iñaki Iturria
- Biobide, Gipuzkoa Scientific and Technological Park, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marco van der Toorn
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Diogo A R S Latino
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ainhoa Alzualde
- Biobide, Gipuzkoa Scientific and Technological Park, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kyoko Koshibu
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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β-Carbolines as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113321. [PMID: 33684825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
β-Carbolines are indole alkaloids having a tricyclic pyrido[3,4-b]indole ring in their structure. Since the isolation of first β-carboline from Peganum harmala in 1841, the isolation and synthesis of various β-carboline derivatives surged in the following centuries. β-Carboline derivatives due to their widespread availability from natural sources, structural flexibility, quick reactivity and interaction with varied anticancer targets such as DNA (intercalation, groove binding, etc.), enzymes (GPX4, topoisomerases, kinases, etc.) and proteins (tubulin, ABCG2/BRCP1, etc.) have established themselves as promising lead compounds for the synthesis of various anticancer active agents. The current review covers the synthesis and isolation, anticancer activity, mechanism of action and SAR of various β-carboline containing molecules, its derivatives and congeners.
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Mosaffa S, Ahmadi H, Khakpai F, Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Zarrindast MR. Synergistic antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of harmaline along with cinanserin in acute restraint stress-treated mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:259-269. [PMID: 33190164 PMCID: PMC7666640 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute restraint stress (ARS) is an experimental paradigm used for the induction of rodent models of stress-produced neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. β-carbolines and serotonin (5-HT) systems are involved in the modulation of depression and anxiety behaviors. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of cinanserin (5-HT2 receptor antagonist) on harmaline-induced responses on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in the ARS mice. METHODS For i.c.v. infusion, guide cannula was surgically implanted in the left lateral ventricle of mice. The ARS model was conducted via movement restraint at a period of 4 h. Depression- and anxiety-related behaviors were evaluated by forced swim test (FST) and elevated plus maze (EPM), respectively. RESULTS The results displayed that the ARS mice showed depressive- and anxiety-like responses. I.p. administration of different doses of harmaline (0.31, 0.625 and 1.25 mg/kg) or i.c.v. microinjection of cinanserin (1, 2.5, and 5 μg/mouse) blocked depression- and anxiogenic-like behaviors in the ARS mice. Furthermore, co-administration of harmaline (1.25 mg/kg; i.p.) and cinanserin (5 μg/mouse; i.c.v.) prevented the depression- and anxiogenic-like effects in the ARS mice. We found a synergistic antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of harmaline and cinanserin in the ARS mice. CONCLUSIONS These results propose an interaction between harmaline and cinanserin to prevent depressive- and anxiogenic-like behaviors in the ARS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Mosaffa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khakpai
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran. .,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ayipo YO, Mordi MN, Mustapha M, Damodaran T. Neuropharmacological potentials of β-carboline alkaloids for neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173837. [PMID: 33359647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) which are characterised by complex pathomechanisms that including homeostatic failure, malfunction, atrophy, pathology remodelling and reactivity anomaly of the neuronal system where treatment options remain challenging. β-Carboline (βC) alkaloids are scaffolds of structurally diverse tricyclic pyrido[3,4-b]indole alkaloid with vast occurrence in nature. Their unique structural features which favour interactions with enzymes and protein receptor targets account for their potent neuropharmacological properties. However, our current understanding of their biological mechanisms for these beneficial effects, especially for neuropsychiatric disorders is sparse. Therefore, we present a comprehensive review of the scientific progress in the last two decades on the prospective pharmacology and physiology of the βC alkaloids in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain tumour, essential tremor, epilepsy and seizure, licking behaviour, dystonia, agnosia, spasm, positive ingestive response as demonstrated in non-clinical models. The current evidence supports that βC alkaloids offer potential therapeutic agents against most of these disorders and amenable for further drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Chemical, Geological and Physical Sciences, Kwara State University, P. M. B., 1530, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Nizam Mordi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thenmoly Damodaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Odutayo OE, Omonigbehin EA, Olawole TD, Ogunlana OO, Afolabi IS. Fermentation Enhanced Biotransformation of Compounds in the Kernel of Chrysophyllum albidum. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246021. [PMID: 33352625 PMCID: PMC7768532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysophyllum albidum Linn (African star apple) is a fruit with extensive nutritional and medicinal benefits. The fruit and kernel in the seed are both edible. Strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented seeds and assessed for probiotic characteristics. The extracts in both the unfermented and the fermented aqueous extracts from the kernels obtained from the seeds of C. albidum were subjected to analysis using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. This analysis identified the bioactive compounds present as possible substrate(s) for the associated organisms inducing the fermentation and the resultant biotransformed products formed. Three potential probiotic LAB strains identified as Lactococcus raffinolactis (ProbtA1), Lactococcus lactis (ProbtA2a), and Pediococcus pentosaceus (ProbtA2b) were isolated from the fermented C. albidum seeds. All strains were non hemolytic, which indicated their safety, Probt (A1, A2a, and A2b) grew in an acidic environment (pH 3.5) during the 48-h incubation time, and all three strains grew in 1% bile, and exhibited good hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation properties. Mucin binding proteins was not detected in any strain, and bile salt hydrolase was detected in all the strains. l-lactic acid (28.57%), norharman (5.07%), formyl 7E-hexadecenoate (1.73%), and indole (1.51%) were the four major constituents of the fermented kernel of the C. albidum, while 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (C1, 1.27%), 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one (C2, 2.90%), indole (C3, 1.31%), norharman (C4, 3.01%), and methyl petroselinate (C5, 4.33%) were the five major constituents of the unfermented kernels. The isolated LAB are safe for consumption. The fermenting process metabolized C1, C2, and C5, which are possible starter cultures for the growth of probiotics. Fermentation is an essential tool for bioengineering molecules in foods into safe and health beneficial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatofunmi E. Odutayo
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota 100122, Nigeria; (O.E.O.); (T.D.O.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Emmanuel A. Omonigbehin
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota 100122, Nigeria;
| | - Tolulope D. Olawole
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota 100122, Nigeria; (O.E.O.); (T.D.O.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Olubanke O. Ogunlana
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota 100122, Nigeria; (O.E.O.); (T.D.O.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Israel S. Afolabi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota 100122, Nigeria; (O.E.O.); (T.D.O.); (O.O.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +234-803-392-3264
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Bousquet P, Hudson A, García-Sevilla JA, Li JX. Imidazoline Receptor System: The Past, the Present, and the Future. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:50-79. [PMID: 31819014 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.016311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazoline receptors historically referred to a family of nonadrenergic binding sites that recognize compounds with an imidazoline moiety, although this has proven to be an oversimplification. For example, none of the proposed endogenous ligands for imidazoline receptors contain an imidazoline moiety but they are diverse in their chemical structure. Three receptor subtypes (I1, I2, and I3) have been proposed and the understanding of each has seen differing progress over the decades. I1 receptors partially mediate the central hypotensive effects of clonidine-like drugs. Moxonidine and rilmenidine have better therapeutic profiles (fewer side effects) than clonidine as antihypertensive drugs, thought to be due to their higher I1/α 2-adrenoceptor selectivity. Newer I1 receptor agonists such as LNP599 [3-chloro-2-methyl-phenyl)-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-2-yl)-amine hydrochloride] have little to no activity on α 2-adrenoceptors and demonstrate promising therapeutic potential for hypertension and metabolic syndrome. I2 receptors associate with several distinct proteins, but the identities of these proteins remain elusive. I2 receptor agonists have demonstrated various centrally mediated effects including antinociception and neuroprotection. A new I2 receptor agonist, CR4056 [2-phenyl-6-(1H-imidazol-1yl) quinazoline], demonstrated clear analgesic activity in a recently completed phase II clinical trial and holds great promise as a novel I2 receptor-based first-in-class nonopioid analgesic. The understanding of I3 receptors is relatively limited. Existing data suggest that I3 receptors may represent a binding site at the Kir6.2-subtype ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β-cells and may be involved in insulin secretion. Despite the elusive nature of their molecular identities, recent progress on drug discovery targeting imidazoline receptors (I1 and I2) demonstrates the exciting potential of these compounds to elicit neuroprotection and to treat various disorders such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bousquet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
| | - Alan Hudson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
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Zhang CX, Xi J, Zhao TP, Ma YX, Wang XD. β-carbolines norharman and harman in vegetable oils in China. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2020; 13:193-199. [PMID: 32364007 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2020.1759701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The beta-carbolines norharman and harman, two heterocyclic aromatic amines with potential mutagenicity, have been determined in vegetable oils. Identification and analysis were carried out by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). In 88 samples analysed, the concentrations of norharman and harman were < LOD to 336.22 ng/g and < LOD to 505.14 ng/g, respectively. A high variability of norharman and harman levels among different oil types was observed. Sesame-, flaxseed-, sunflower seed-, peanut- and rapeseed oils were most contaminated. Both β-carbolines were most likely formed during roasting of the oilseeds. Oil consumption, especially of oils obtained after roasting of the seeds, was a major dietary source of the β-carbolines norharman and harman. Under existing oil risk factors, this investigation contributes to the unprecedented and essential information for dietary assessments associated with oil consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Xi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian-Pei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, China
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Exploring the relationship between potato components and Maillard reaction derivative harmful products using multivariate statistical analysis. Food Chem 2020; 339:127853. [PMID: 32829247 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The correlation between potato components and Maillard reaction derivative harmful products (MRDHPs) formation during heat-processing was assessed in nine commercial potato varieties in China. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with canonical correlation analysis (CCA) approach was performed to explore their relationships. The variables contributing most to the PCA results were extracted for CCA, and the results indicated that several amino acids, including lysine, tryptophan, alanine, phenylalanine, aspartate, and glutamate, have significant impacts on acrylamide and β-carboline heterocyclic amine formation. Moreover, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, α-solanine, and α-chaconine were also important factors associated with acrylamide and β-carboline heterocyclic amine formation. Optimally using raw potato varieties based on the impacts of these factors can help control MRDHP formation during thermal processing. For the first time, such approach was applied, which may be a useful tool for discovering the correlation of food components and MRDHPs.
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Ferrer M, Eliasen EH, Petersen MS, Jiang W, Zheng W, Louis ED. Meat Consumption and Meat Cooking Practices in Essential Tremor: A Population-Based Study in the Faroe Islands. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2020; 10:30. [PMID: 32864189 PMCID: PMC7427676 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated tissue levels of the tremor-producing neurotoxin, harmane, have been detected in patients with essential tremor (ET) in the USA and Spain. Recently, a study in the Faroe Islands similarly noted an elevation in blood harmane concentrations in probable and definite ET cases. The underlying mechanism is not understood. Possible mechanisms include increased dietary consumption (esp. through cooked meats), impaired metabolism, or increased endogenous production of harmane. To investigate this issue further, we conducted a population-based study in the Faroe Islands to examine meat consumption and meat cooking practices in ET cases and controls. Methods 1,328 Faroese adults were screened for tremor and 27 ET cases were identified. Meat consumption and meat cooking practices were compared to 200 controls. Detailed data were collected via questionnaires regarding current meat consumption for 14 meat types and meat cooking doneness for 8 meat types. Data were also available on blood harmane concentrations. Results Current meat consumption was similar in ET cases and controls in 12 out of 14 meat types, with no differences observed after a Bonferroni correction in any meat type; no difference was observed when stratified by gender. No difference was observed in meat doneness between ET cases and controls. Blood harmane concentrations were not correlated with dietary data. Discussion This is the first population-based study of harmane-linked dietary factors in ET. The study suggests the observed difference in blood harmane in ET is not driven by dietary differences and is likely due to other mechanisms (e.g., impaired metabolism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ferrer
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Eina H. Eliasen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, FO
| | - Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, FO
- Centre for Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, FO
| | - Wendy Jiang
- Purdue University School of Health Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, US
| | - Wei Zheng
- Purdue University School of Health Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, US
| | - Elan D. Louis
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, US
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Zawirska-Wojtasiak R, Fedoruk-Wyszomirska A, Piechowska P, Mildner-Szkudlarz S, Bajerska J, Wojtowicz E, Przygoński K, Gurda D, Kubicka W, Wyszko E. β-Carbolines in Experiments on Laboratory Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5245. [PMID: 32722000 PMCID: PMC7432475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies have ascribed a protective effect against neurodegenerative diseases to the β-carbolines harman (H) and norharman (NH), which occur mostly in coffee and coffee substitutes. We determined the concentrations of β-carbolines and undesirable compounds (such as acrylamide) in roasted coffee substitute ingredients and found that chicory coffee was optimal. Two in vivo experiments were conducted with seventeen-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats fed a diet with the addition of pure carboline standards in the first stage, and chicory in the second. We observed an increase in the level of H and NH in blood plasma, as well as higher activity of animals in the battery behavioral test, particularly in the second stage. The results of in vitro studies-particularly the level of the expression in brain tissue of genes associated with aging processes and neurodegenerative diseases-clearly show the benefits of a diet rich in β-carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Zawirska-Wojtasiak
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (P.P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Fedoruk-Wyszomirska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-794 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.-W.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
| | - Paulina Piechowska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (P.P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.B.)
| | - Sylwia Mildner-Szkudlarz
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (P.P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.B.)
| | - Joanna Bajerska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (P.P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.B.)
| | - Elżbieta Wojtowicz
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Starołęcka 40, 61-361 Poznań, Poland; (E.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Starołęcka 40, 61-361 Poznań, Poland; (E.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Dorota Gurda
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-794 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.-W.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
| | - Wiktoria Kubicka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-794 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.-W.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
| | - Eliza Wyszko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-794 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.-W.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
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Preventive potential and mechanism of dietary polyphenols on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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López-González D, Costas-Gil A, Reigosa MJ, Araniti F, Sánchez-Moreiras AM. A natural indole alkaloid, norharmane, affects PIN expression patterns and compromises root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:378-390. [PMID: 32278957 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Norharmane is an indole alkaloid that can be found in several terrestrial plants, as well as in some dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. The aim of this study was to focus on the way this metabolite impacts the plant metabolism of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. This metabolite caused increase of secondary and adventitious roots, as well as torsion, toxic effects, and a decrease in root length. Moreover, norharmane altered the cellular arrangement, resulting in unfinished cell walls, decreased auxin content and inhibited PIN proteins activity. All the alterations suggest that norharmane alters polar auxin transport by inhibiting PIN2, PIN3 and PIN7 transport proteins, thus causing a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of A. thaliana seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David López-González
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain; CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Aitana Costas-Gil
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain; CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Manuel J Reigosa
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain; CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Dipartimento di AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, I-89124, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Adela M Sánchez-Moreiras
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain; CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
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Predictive Correlation between Apparent Sensory Properties and the Formation of Heterocyclic Amines in Chicken Breast as a Function of Grilling Temperature and Time. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040412. [PMID: 32252238 PMCID: PMC7230315 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present set of experiments, we studied the correlation between the heterocyclic amine (HCA) concentration and the color changes of the chicken breast with or without skin during grilling under open or closed conditions as a function of the applied temperature and time. The concentration of the HCAs formed during grilling was measured by a validated LC–MS/MS method, whereas the color changes were determined either instrumentally or by visual observation. In general, higher temperatures and longer heat treatment times resulted in a more substantial HCA formation, especially on the surface of the samples and in the skin, where the total levels reached 746 ng/g. Results of regression analysis demonstrate a strong correlation (r > 0.7) between the HCA content of the grilled chicken breast and the L* and a* values indicating the significance of brightness and the red parameter of the color scale, respectively. In the case of open grilling, the skinless breast samples showed correlation (r > 0.7) between the HCA content and the color analysis results in both the full sample and the crust, respectively. Breast samples with skin exhibited the same level of correlation when they were grilled closed. In the case of open grilling the breast with skin, and closed-grilling the skinless breast, the linear regression analysis yielded a weaker correlation (0.7 > r > 0.4 or less) between the HCA concentrations and the color. Our results demonstrate that there is a predictive correlation between the color changes perceptible for the consumers and the HCA formation during grilling of chicken breast as a function of time and temperature depending on the type of grilling and the presence of skin.
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Dong H, Xian Y, Li H, Bai W, Zeng X. Potential carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in foodstuffs: Formation, extraction, analytical methods, and mitigation strategies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:365-404. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food SciencesZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China
| | - Yanping Xian
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Haixia Li
- College of Light Industry and Food SciencesZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food SciencesZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food SciencesZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China
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Cuparencu C, Praticó G, Hemeryck LY, Sri Harsha PSC, Noerman S, Rombouts C, Xi M, Vanhaecke L, Hanhineva K, Brennan L, Dragsted LO. Biomarkers of meat and seafood intake: an extensive literature review. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:35. [PMID: 31908682 PMCID: PMC6937850 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Meat, including fish and shellfish, represents a valuable constituent of most balanced diets. Consumption of different types of meat and fish has been associated with both beneficial and adverse health effects. While white meats and fish are generally associated with positive health outcomes, red and especially processed meats have been associated with colorectal cancer and other diseases. The contribution of these foods to the development or prevention of chronic diseases is still not fully elucidated. One of the main problems is the difficulty in properly evaluating meat intake, as the existing self-reporting tools for dietary assessment may be imprecise and therefore affected by systematic and random errors. Dietary biomarkers measured in biological fluids have been proposed as possible objective measurements of the actual intake of specific foods and as a support for classical assessment methods. Good biomarkers for meat intake should reflect total dietary intake of meat, independent of source or processing and should be able to differentiate meat consumption from that of other protein-rich foods; alternatively, meat intake biomarkers should be specific to each of the different meat sources (e.g., red vs. white; fish, bird, or mammal) and/or cooking methods. In this paper, we present a systematic investigation of the scientific literature while providing a comprehensive overview of the possible biomarker(s) for the intake of different types of meat, including fish and shellfish, and processed and heated meats according to published guidelines for biomarker reviews (BFIrev). The most promising biomarkers are further validated for their usefulness for dietary assessment by published validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Cuparencu
- 1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Giulia Praticó
- 1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lieselot Y Hemeryck
- 2Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pedapati S C Sri Harsha
- 3School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefania Noerman
- 4Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caroline Rombouts
- 2Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Muyao Xi
- 1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- 2Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- 4Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- 3School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- 1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Chen X, Jia W, Zhu L, Mao L, Zhang Y. Recent advances in heterocyclic aromatic amines: An update on food safety and hazardous control from food processing to dietary intake. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 19:124-148. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Wei Jia
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Li Zhu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
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Gibis M, Loeffler M. Effect of Creatine and Glucose on Formation of Heterocyclic Amines in Grilled Chicken Breasts. Foods 2019; 8:E616. [PMID: 31775266 PMCID: PMC6963491 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of heterocyclic amines (HAs) in grilled chicken breasts was investigated. All samples contained HAs, including MeIQx, PhIP, and the β-carbolines harman and norharman. In particular, PhIP was found in concentrations of 1.5-9.1 ng/g, and MeIQx was detected at very low concentrations (n.d.-1.1 ng/g). The concentrations of two co-mutagenic β-carbolines, harman and norharman, ranged from 0.8 to 2.3 ng/g when the content of the precursor glucose was varied from 100 to 620 mg/kg. In contrast, the content of the precursor creatine in non-grilled chicken breasts varied by only 8.6%. A significant linear correlation existed between the molar concentration of PhIP and the molar ratio of creatine/glucose (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). We, thus, conclude that the formation of PhIP may be inhibited with increasing concentrations of glucose in chicken breast. Chicken patties coated with ribose or glucose-containing water in oil emulsions confirmed that both reducing sugars decreased PhIP formation with the preferred concentrations (sensory analysis) of 0.5-1% for ribose and 1% for glucose leading to a reduction of PhIP formation by 28-34% and 39%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gibis
- Department of Food Physics and Meat Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
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Gaikwad SV, Nadimetla DN, Kobaisi MA, Devkate M, Joshi R, Shinde RG, Gaikwad MV, Nikalje MD, Bhosale SV, Lokhande PD. Iodine‐DMSO‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Biomimetic Aromatization of Tetrahydro‐
β
‐carbolines‐3‐carboxylic Acid: Mechanism Study with DFT‐Calculation. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil V. Gaikwad
- Centre for advance studiesDepartment of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Dinesh N. Nadimetla
- School of Chemical ScienceGoa University, Taleigao Plateau Goa 403 206 India
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyFSETSwinburne University of Technology Hawthorn VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Manisha Devkate
- Centre for advance studiesDepartment of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Rekha Joshi
- Centre for advance studiesDepartment of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Rohit G. Shinde
- Centre for advance studiesDepartment of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Milind V. Gaikwad
- Department of ChemistryDr. D.Y. Patil A. C. S. College, Pimpri Pune 411018 India
| | - Milind D. Nikalje
- Centre for advance studiesDepartment of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | | | - Pradeep D. Lokhande
- Centre for advance studiesDepartment of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
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Xu L, Lao F, Xu Z, Wang X, Chen F, Liao X, Chen A, Yang S. Use of liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and metabolomic approach to discriminate coffee brewed by different methods. Food Chem 2019; 286:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Chattopadhyay M, Chowdhury AR, Feng T, Assenmacher CA, Radaelli E, Guengerich FP, Avadhani NG. Mitochondrially targeted cytochrome P450 2D6 is involved in monomethylamine-induced neuronal damage in mouse models. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10336-10348. [PMID: 31113867 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major human disease associated with degeneration of the central nervous system. Evidence suggests that several endogenously formed 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-mimicking chemicals that are metabolic conversion products, especially β-carbolines and isoquinolines, act as neurotoxins that induce PD or enhance progression of the disease. We have demonstrated previously that mitochondrially targeted human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), supported by mitochondrial adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase, can efficiently catalyze the conversion of MPTP to the toxic 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion. In this study, we show that the mitochondrially targeted CYP2D6 can efficiently catalyze MPTP-mimicking compounds, i.e. 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline, and 9-methyl-norharmon, suspected to induce PD in humans. Our results reveal that activity and respiration in mouse brain mitochondrial complex I are significantly affected by these toxins in WT mice but remain unchanged in Cyp2d6 locus knockout mice, indicating a possible role of CYP2D6 in the metabolism of these compounds both in vivo and in vitro These metabolic effects were minimized in the presence of two CYP2D6 inhibitors, quinidine and ajmalicine. Neuro-2a cells stably expressing predominantly mitochondrially targeted CYP2D6 were more sensitive to toxin-mediated respiratory dysfunction and complex I inhibition than cells expressing predominantly endoplasmic reticulum-targeted CYP2D6. Exposure to these toxins also induced the autophagic marker Parkin and the mitochondrial fission marker Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in differentiated neurons expressing mitochondrial CYP2D6. Our results show that monomethylamines are converted to their toxic cationic form by mitochondrially directed CYP2D6 and result in neuronal degradation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrittika Chattopadhyay
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Anindya Roy Chowdhury
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ting Feng
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- the Department of Pathobiology, MJR-VHUP, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- the Department of Pathobiology, MJR-VHUP, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- the Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,
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43
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Cheng Y, Yao M, Zhu Z, Dong X, Ali Khan I, Huang J, Zhou X, Huang M, Zhou G. Content, causes and analysis of heterocyclic amines in Chinese traditional braised chicken. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1032-1041. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1615136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Cheng
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Functional Food, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Yao
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongshuai Zhu
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Iftikhar Ali Khan
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jichao Huang
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinghu Zhou
- Nanjing Huangjiaoshou Food Technology Co., Ltd., National R&D Center for Poultry Processing Technology, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Huang
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Ong YL, Deng X, Tan EK. Etiologic links between environmental and lifestyle factors and Essential tremor. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:979-989. [PMID: 31139697 PMCID: PMC6529929 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common adult movement disorders, characterized by clinical tremor and other nonmotor symptoms. It is a progressive disease that shares features with other neurodegenerative diseases. ET is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental underpinnings. While genetic forms of ET are well recognized, the role of environmental and lifestyle factors in ET has been debated. Studies suggest that exposure to neurotoxic compounds such as β‐carboline alkaloids and ethanol are potential risk factors for ET, while antioxidant intake may be protective. In addition, smoking acts as a protective factor in ET, parallel to its effects in other neurological diseases. New evidence points to pesticide and lead exposure as potential risk factors. There is growing evidence to suggest that environmental and lifestyle factors play a role in ET but additional research is needed in order to completely understand their cause and effect association. There is also a need for larger case‐control and prospective cohort studies across different populations to further evaluate the etiological importance of these factors in ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Ong
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore.,National Neuroscience Institute Singapore Singapore
| | - Xiao Deng
- National Neuroscience Institute Singapore Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore.,National Neuroscience Institute Singapore Singapore
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Piechowska P, Zawirska-Wojtasiak R, Mildner-Szkudlarz S. Bioactive β-Carbolines in Food: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E814. [PMID: 30978920 PMCID: PMC6520841 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Harman and norharman, two neuroactive β-carbolines, are present in several plants and in thermally processed foods. They exhibited a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this article, we review the progress of recent research on the presence of these compounds in food, as well as their various biological and neuroactive properties. Our findings strongly suggest that some foods, especially coffee, can act as a rich source of β-carbolines, which may possibly be associated with a reduced risk for serious neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Piechowska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Renata Zawirska-Wojtasiak
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Mildner-Szkudlarz
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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46
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Hövelmann Y, Lewin L, Hübner F, Humpf HU. Large-Scale Screening of Foods for Glucose-Derived β-Carboline Alkaloids by Stable Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3890-3899. [PMID: 30875225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of glucose-derived β-carboline alkaloids tangutorid E (Tan E) and tangutorid F (Tan F) as well as their dehydroxy-derivatives (DH-Tan E/F) was investigated in a broad variety of foodstuffs by LC-MS/MS-based stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA). For that purpose, the target compounds and their 13C6-stable isotope-labeled analogues were synthesized from l-tryptophan and (13C6-)d-glucose and used to develop a rapid LC-MS/MS-SIDA method. After validation for several food matrices, the method was applied to the analysis of these β-carbolines in 80 food items. Quantitative amounts were detected in 46.3, 50.0, and 42.5% of the samples regarding Tan E, Tan F, and DH-Tan E/F, respectively, with corresponding ranges of 0.01-6.75, 0.01-5.07, and 0.01-0.75 mg/kg; the highest amounts were found in processed tomato products. A combination of the obtained occurrence data in foods with average food consumption data led to the calculation of rough estimates for the chronic daily intake of those alkaloids, yielding values of 0.44, 0.36, and 0.13 μg/kg body weight/day for Tan E, Tan F, and DH-Tan E/F, respectively. Evidently, the consumption of processed tomato-based products accounts for the majority of the total daily intake of the investigated β-carbolines; the potential bioactivities of Tan E, Tan F, and DH-Tan E/F have yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Hövelmann
- Institute of Food Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Lea Lewin
- Institute of Food Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Florian Hübner
- Institute of Food Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , 48149 Münster , Germany
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Harman and norharman, metabolites of the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales), affect the serotonin levels and phagocytic activity of hemocytes, insect immunocompetent cells, in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera). Cell Biosci 2019; 9:29. [PMID: 30962871 PMCID: PMC6434831 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the β-carboline alkaloids harman and norharman are considered as plant metabolites, they can also be secreted by fungi such as the entomopathogen Conidiobolus coronatus. Norharman and harman are also known to be reversible competitive monamine oxidase inhibitors, which increase serotonin concentrations in tissues. In addition, these alkaloids are able to bind to serotonin receptors, an important immune regulatory molecule in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In insects, serotonin modulates hemocyte phagocytosis, nodule formation and the populations of hemocyte classes. The present study examines whether harman and norharman may influence the phagocytic activity of insect hemocytes by regulating serotonin levels. Results Significantly greater serotonin levels and hemocyte phagocytic activity were observed after 24 h of exposure to food contaminated with harman and norharman. Similar responses were noticed 1 h after topical application or addition to in vitro hemocyte cultures. Observations and measurements performed 24 h later revealed decreased responses, suggesting decomposition and/or exertion of alkaloids and/or serotonin. Harman and norharman influenced the activity of Galleria mellonella plasmatocytes and the granulocyte cytoskeleton. Disturbances in hemocyte network formation, abnormal cell shape, naked nuclei, cell aggregates, fragments of disintegrated cells, interrupted cell membrane continuity and actin condensation in cells were observed. Conclusion Our findings may have a considerable impact on research concerning insect physiology, parasitology, immunology and biocontrol of pests. They confirm for the first time that harman and norharman (metabolites of the entomopathogenic fungus C. coronatus) elevate serotonin levels in G. mellonella hemocytes, thus potentially stimulating their phagocytic activity. Our studies shed light on the mechanisms underlying the interaction between innate insect immune responses and entomopathogen metabolites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13578-019-0291-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Khan MR, Busquets R, Naushad M, Puignou L. Cooking with elaborate recipes can reduce the formation of mutagenic heterocyclic amines and promote co-mutagenic amines. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:385-395. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1571286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Busquets
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lluís Puignou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Khan IA, Yiqun C, Zongshuai Z, Ijaz MU, Brohi SA, Ahmad MI, Shi C, Hussain M, Huang J, Huang M. Occurrence of Heterocyclic Amines in Commercial Fast-Food Meat Products Available on the Chinese Market and Assessment of Human Exposure to these Compounds. J Food Sci 2018; 84:192-200. [PMID: 30561018 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) have been identified as highly mutagenic and are risk factors for human cancer. In recent years, the intake of fast-food meat products has increased exponentially due to their convenience. Therefore, it is important to assess the health risks of HCAs and provide useful public dietary guidelines. Eight fast-food meat products were selected from the Chinese market, including chicken, beef, and fish, to evaluate their health risk in conjunction with HCAs. Crispy chicken drumsticks contained the maximum level of total HCAs (24.18 ± 3.57 ng/g), followed by crispy fried chicken burgers (19.99 ± 1.41 ng/g) and traditional Chinese nuggets (19.17 ± 1.23 ng/g), whereas shrimp cake burgers had the lowest levels (13.17 ± 1.77 ng/g). Crispy chicken drumsticks (men: 169.12 ng/day, women: 108.70 ng/day), hot chicken wings (men: 126.32 ng/day, women: 142.11 ng/day), and crispy fried chicken burgers (men: 129.78 ng/day, women: 59.91 ng/day) were found to provide the highest dietary intake of HCAs in both genders, which may lead to an increase in colorectal and breast cancers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The rapid expansion of the Chinese fast-food industry has promoted serious health problems, such as colorectal cancer and some cardiovascular diseases. Several epidemiological studies revealed that a high intake of processed meats may increase the risk of cancer in humans because cooking food proteins, such as meat, at high temperatures could produce high levels of carcinogenic compounds, such as HCAs. Because of the vast variation in eating habits, preparation methods and the frequency of meat consumption, it is important to evaluate the accurate level of HCAs in commercially available fast-food meat products with the aim to clarify the association between processed meats and the health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali Khan
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Cheng Yiqun
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Inst. of Functional Food, Anhui Normal Univ., Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, PR China.,Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhu Zongshuai
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Muhammad Umair Ijaz
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmed Brohi
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ijaz Ahmad
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Caiyue Shi
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Muzahir Hussain
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Jichao Huang
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Ming Huang
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
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Zawirska-Wojtasiak R, Piechowska P, Wojtowicz E, Przygoński K, Mildner-Szkudlarz S. Bioactivity of selected materials for coffee substitute. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206762. [PMID: 30439984 PMCID: PMC6237330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that coffee consumption is negatively correlated with the incidence of Parkinson's disease. Coffee contains relatively high levels of β-carbolines, which have been ascribed neuroactive effects in humans however the positive or negative effect has not been confirmed yet. Two ingredients with applications as coffee substitutes-chicory, which is traditionally used in this way, and artichoke-were considered in this study both from the neuroactive point of view but also in relation to the other bioactive compounds that result from their thermal processing. These thermal products are of concern because of their possible toxic properties. The estimated concentration of β-carbolines was high in both materials (1.8 μg/g and 2.5 μg/g harman and 2.9 μg/g and 3.1 μg/g norharman in chicory and artichoke, respectively). Artichoke had more β-carbolines than chicory, and also more all the toxic compounds examined here-acrylamide, carboxymethyllysine, and furans, which were detected in significantly higher concentrations in artichoke, particularly acrylamide. Chicory and artichoke also contain phenolic compounds that possess high antioxidant activity, on a similar level. Artichoke, a new proposed ingredient in coffee substitutes, appears to be a richer source of β-carbolines than the traditionally chicory. Both materials contained high level of undesirable components, such as furan and its derivatives, carboxymethyllysine and particularly acrylamide, much higher in artichoke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Piechowska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wojtowicz
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Poznań, Poland
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