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Hosseini M, Huang J, Williams MD, Gonzalez GA, Jiang X, Falkinham JO, Ducker WA. Robust and Transparent Silver Oxide Coating Fabricated at Room Temperature Kills Clostridioides difficile Spores, MRSA, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microorganisms 2023; 12:83. [PMID: 38257910 PMCID: PMC10818310 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial coatings can inhibit the transmission of infectious diseases when they provide a quick kill that is achieved long after the coating application. Here, we describe the fabrication and testing of a glass coating containing Ag2O microparticles that was prepared from sodium silicate at room temperature. The half-lives of both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on this coating are only 2-4 min. The half-life of Clostridioides difficile spores is about 9-12 min, which is extremely short for a spore. Additional tests on MRSA demonstrate that the coating retains its antimicrobial activity after abrasion and that an increased loading of Ag2O leads to a shorter half-life. This coating combines the properties of optical transparency, robustness, fast kill, and room temperature preparation that are highly desirable for an antimicrobial coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.H.); (G.A.G.)
| | - Jinge Huang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.)
| | - Myra D. Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.D.W.); (J.O.F.III)
| | - Gerardo Alexander Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.H.); (G.A.G.)
| | - Xiuping Jiang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.)
| | - Joseph O. Falkinham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.D.W.); (J.O.F.III)
| | - William A. Ducker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.H.); (G.A.G.)
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Rani D, Sarkar S. Drying behaviour of nanofluid sessile droplets on self-affine vis-à-vis corrugated nanorough surfaces. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:113. [PMID: 37999793 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, evaporative self-assembly of sessile droplets has gained considerable attention owing to its wide applicability in many areas. While the phenomenon is well studied for smooth and isotropically rough (self-affine) surfaces, investigations comparing the outcomes on self-affine vis-à-vis corrugated surfaces remains to be done. In this experimental work, we compare the wetting and evaporation dynamics of nano-colloidal microlitre droplets on self-affine and corrugated nanorough surfaces having identical roughnesses and interface properties. The coupled influence of particle size, concentration, and surface structuring has been explored. Differences in wettability and evaporation dynamics are observed, which are explained via the interaction between wetting fluid and anisotropic surface roughness. Our findings exhibit different temporal behaviour of contact radius and angle in the evaporation process of the droplets. Further, the corrugated surface exhibits anisotropic wettability with a monotonic change in droplet shape as evaporation proceeds, finally giving rise to irregular dried patterns. The scaled rim width and crack spacing of the particulate deposits are examined. Our results can inspire fabrication of surfaces that can facilitate direction-dependent droplet motion for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Rani
- Surface Modification and Applications Laboratory (SMAL), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Subhendu Sarkar
- Surface Modification and Applications Laboratory (SMAL), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India.
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Ducker WA. Decreasing the Energy of Evaporation Using Interfacial Water: Is This Useful for Solar Evaporation Efficiency? ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19705-19707. [PMID: 37305290 PMCID: PMC10249099 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation of water using solar power is an economical and environmentally friendly method for purification of aqueous solutions. It has been suggested that intermediate states can be used to lower the enthalpy of evaporation of water and therefore to increase the efficiency of evaporation that uses absorption of sunlight. However, the relevant quantity is the enthalpy of evaporation from bulk water to bulk vapor, which is fixed for a given temperature and pressure. The formation of an intermediate state does not alter the enthalpy of the overall process.
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Qi S, Kiratzis I, Adoni P, Tuekprakhon A, Hill HJ, Stamataki Z, Nabi A, Waugh D, Rodriguez JR, Clarke SM, Fryer PJ, Zhang ZJ. Porous Cellulose Thin Films as Sustainable and Effective Antimicrobial Surface Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20638-20648. [PMID: 36988094 PMCID: PMC10165601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we developed an effective antimicrobial surface film based on sustainable microfibrillated cellulose. The resulting porous cellulose thin film is barely noticeable to human eyes due to its submicrometer thickness, of which the surface coverage, porosity, and microstructure can be modulated by the formulations and the coating process. Using goniometers and a quartz crystal microbalance, we observed a threefold reduction in water contact angles and accelerated water evaporation kinetics on the cellulose film (more than 50% faster than that on a flat glass surface). The porous cellulose film exhibits a rapid inactivation effect against SARS-CoV-2 in 5 min, following deposition of virus-loaded droplets, and an exceptional ability to reduce contact transfer of liquid, e.g., respiratory droplets, to surfaces such as an artificial skin by 90% less than that from a planar glass substrate. It also shows excellent antimicrobial performance in inhibiting the growth of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis) due to the intrinsic porosity and hydrophilicity. Additionally, the cellulose film shows nearly 100% resistance to scraping in dry conditions due to its strong affinity to the supporting substrate but with good removability once wetted with water, suggesting its practical suitability for daily use. Importantly, the coating can be formed on solid substrates readily by spraying, which requires solely a simple formulation of a plant-based cellulose material with no chemical additives, rendering it a scalable, affordable, and green solution as antimicrobial surface coating. Implementing such cellulose films could thus play a significant role in controlling future pan- and epidemics, particularly during the initial phase when suitable medical intervention needs to be developed and deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Qi
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Ioannis Kiratzis
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Pavan Adoni
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Aekkachai Tuekprakhon
- Institute
of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Harriet James Hill
- Institute
of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Zania Stamataki
- Institute
of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Aneesa Nabi
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - David Waugh
- School
of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2JH, U.K.
| | | | | | - Peter J. Fryer
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Zhenyu J. Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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Behzadinasab S, Williams MD, Aktuglu M, Falkinham JO, Ducker WA. Porous Antimicrobial Coatings for Killing Microbes within Minutes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15120-15128. [PMID: 36920368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial coatings can be used to reduce the transmission of infectious agents that are spread by contact. An effective coating should kill microbes in the time between users, which is sometimes minutes or less. Fast killing requires fast transport, and our proposed method of fast transport is a porous coating where the contaminated liquid imbibes (infiltrates) into the pores to achieve rapid contact with active material inside the pores. We test the hypothesis that a porous antimicrobial coating will enable faster inactivation of microorganisms than a planar coating of the same material. We use hydrophilic pores with dimensions of 5-100 μm such that liquid droplets imbibe in seconds, and from there transport distances and times are short, defined by the pore size rather than the droplet size. Our coating has two levels of structure: (A) a porous scaffold and (B) an antimicrobial coating within the pore structure containing the active ingredient. Two scaffolds are studied: stainless steel and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The active ingredient is electrolessly deposited copper. To enhance adhesion and growth of copper, a layer of polydopamine (PDA) is deposited on the scaffold prior to deposition of the copper. This porous copper coating kills 99.84% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 3 min, which is equivalent to a half-life of 27 s. In contrast, the same layer of PDA/copper on a nonporous coating kills 79.65% in the same time frame, consistent with the hypothesis that the killing rate is increased by the addition of porosity. Using the porous PMMA scaffold, the porous antimicrobial coating kills >99.99% P. aeruginosa in 5 min, which is equivalent to a half-life of 21 s. The higher rate of kill on the porous antimicrobial solid is appropriate for hindering the spread of infectious agents on common-use objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Behzadinasab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Myra D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mete Aktuglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Joseph O Falkinham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - William A Ducker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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