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Eş I, Thakur A, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Foged C, de la Torre LG. Engineering aspects of lipid-based delivery systems: In vivo gene delivery, safety criteria, and translation strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108342. [PMID: 38518964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Defects in the genome cause genetic diseases and can be treated with gene therapy. Due to the limitations encountered in gene delivery, lipid-based supramolecular colloidal materials have emerged as promising gene carrier systems. In their non-functionalized form, lipid nanoparticles often demonstrate lower transgene expression efficiency, leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes, specifically through reduced percentages of cells expressing the transgene. Due to chemically active substituents, the engineering of delivery systems for genetic drugs with specific chemical ligands steps forward as an innovative strategy to tackle the drawbacks and enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Despite intense investigations into functionalization strategies, the clinical outcome of such therapies still needs to be improved. Here, we highlight and comprehensively review engineering aspects for functionalizing lipid-based delivery systems and their therapeutic efficacy for developing novel genetic cargoes to provide a full snapshot of the translation from the bench to the clinics. We outline existing challenges in the delivery and internalization processes and narrate recent advances in the functionalization of lipid-based delivery systems for nucleic acids to enhance their therapeutic efficacy and safety. Moreover, we address clinical trials using these vectors to expand their clinical use and principal safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Eş
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University 191002, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lucimara Gaziola de la Torre
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nucleic acid drug vectors for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:39. [PMID: 36650130 PMCID: PMC9844208 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid drugs have the advantages of rich target selection, simple in design, good and enduring effect. They have been demonstrated to have irreplaceable superiority in brain disease treatment, while vectors are a decisive factor in therapeutic efficacy. Strict physiological barriers, such as degradation and clearance in circulation, blood-brain barrier, cellular uptake, endosome/lysosome barriers, release, obstruct the delivery of nucleic acid drugs to the brain by the vectors. Nucleic acid drugs against a single target are inefficient in treating brain diseases of complex pathogenesis. Differences between individual patients lead to severe uncertainties in brain disease treatment with nucleic acid drugs. In this Review, we briefly summarize the classification of nucleic acid drugs. Next, we discuss physiological barriers during drug delivery and universal coping strategies and introduce the application methods of these universal strategies to nucleic acid drug vectors. Subsequently, we explore nucleic acid drug-based multidrug regimens for the combination treatment of brain diseases and the construction of the corresponding vectors. In the following, we address the feasibility of patient stratification and personalized therapy through diagnostic information from medical imaging and the manner of introducing contrast agents into vectors. Finally, we take a perspective on the future feasibility and remaining challenges of vector-based integrated diagnosis and gene therapy for brain diseases.
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Pandey N, Anastasiadis P, Carney CP, Kanvinde PP, Woodworth GF, Winkles JA, Kim AJ. Nanotherapeutic treatment of the invasive glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114415. [PMID: 35787387 PMCID: PMC10947564 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant adult brain cancer with no curative treatment strategy. A significant hurdle in GBM treatment is effective therapeutic delivery to the brain-invading tumor cells that remain following surgery within functioning brain regions. Developing therapies that can either directly target these brain-invading tumor cells or act on other cell types and molecular processes supporting tumor cell invasion and recurrence are essential steps in advancing new treatments in the clinic. This review highlights some of the drug delivery strategies and nanotherapeutic technologies that are designed to target brain-invading GBM cells or non-neoplastic, invasion-supporting cells residing within the GBM tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Pandey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Pavlos Anastasiadis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Christine P Carney
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Pranjali P Kanvinde
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States.
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Zhao Y, Zhao T, Du Y, Cao Y, Xuan Y, Chen H, Zhi D, Guo S, Zhong F, Zhang S. Interaction kinetics of peptide lipids-mediated gene delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:144. [PMID: 33069258 PMCID: PMC7568367 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the course of gene transfection, the interaction kinetics between liposomes and DNA is speculated to play very important role for blood stability, cellular uptake, DNA release and finally transfection efficiency. RESULTS As cationic peptide liposomes exhibited great gene transfer activities both in vitro and in vivo, two peptide lipids, containing a tri-ornithine head (LOrn3) and a mono-ornithine head (LOrn1), were chosen to further clarify the process of liposome-mediated gene delivery in this study. The results show that the electrostatically-driven binding between DNA and liposomes reached nearly 100% at equilibrium, and high affinity of LOrn3 to DNA led to fast binding rate between them. The binding process between LOrn3 and DNA conformed to the kinetics equation: y = 1.663631 × exp (- 0.003427x) + 6.278163. Compared to liposome LOrn1, the liposome LOrn3/DNA lipoplex exhibited a faster and more uniform uptake in HeLa cells, as LOrn3 with a tri-ornithine peptide headgroup had a stronger interaction with the negatively charged cell membrane than LOrn1. The efficient endosomal escape of DNA from LOrn3 lipoplex was facilitated by the acidity in late endosomes, resulting in broken carbamate bonds, as well as the "proton sponge effect" of the lipid. CONCLUSIONS The interaction kinetics is a key factor for DNA transfection efficiency. This work provided insights into peptide lipid-mediated DNA delivery that could guide the development of the next generation of delivery systems for gene therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanyan Du
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yingnan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yang Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Defu Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Shutao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Fangli Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China.
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China.
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Wang X, Rong G, Yan J, Pan D, Wang L, Xu Y, Yang M, Cheng Y. In Vivo Tracking of Fluorinated Polypeptide Gene Carriers by Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45763-45771. [PMID: 32940028 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated polymers have attracted increasing attention in gene delivery and cytosolic protein delivery in recent years. In vivo tracking of fluorinated polymers will be of great importance to evaluate their biodistribution, clearance, and safety. However, tracking of polymeric carriers without changing their chemical structures remains a huge challenge. Herein, we reported a series of fluorinated poly-l-(lysine) (F-PLL) with high gene transfection efficiency and excellent biodegradation. Radionuclide 18F was radiolabeled on F-PLL by halogen replacement without chemical modification. The radiolabeling of F-PLL offers positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for in vivo tracking of the polymers. The biodistribution of F-PLL and the DNA complexes revealed by micro-PET imaging illustrated the rapid clearance of fluorinated polymers from liver and intestine after intravenous administration. The results demonstrated that the polymer F-PLL will not be accumulated in the liver and spleen when administrated as a gene carrier. This work presents a new strategy for in vivo tracking fluorinated polymers via PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Guangyu Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Min Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Challenges of gene delivery to the central nervous system and the growing use of biomaterial vectors. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:216-230. [PMID: 31173859 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising form of treatment for those suffering from neurological disorders or central nervous system (CNS) injury, however, obstacles remain that limit its translational potential. The CNS is protected by the blood brain barrier, and this barrier blocks genes from traversing into the CNS if administered outside of the CNS. Viral and non-viral gene delivery vehicles, commonly referred to as vectors, are modified to enhance delivery efficiency to target locations in the CNS. Still, there are few gene therapy approaches approved by the FDA for CNS disease or injury treatment. The lack of viable clinical approaches is due, in part, to the unpredictable nature of many vector systems. In particular, safety concerns exist with the use of viral vectors for CNS gene delivery. To seek some alternatives to viral vectors, development of new non-viral, biomaterial vectors is occurring at a rapid rate. This review discusses the challenges of delivering various forms of genetic material to the CNS, the use and limitations of current viral vector delivery systems, and the use of non-viral, biomaterial vectors for CNS applications.
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Rosch JG, Brown AL, DuRoss AN, DuRoss EL, Sahay G, Sun C. Nanoalginates via Inverse-Micelle Synthesis: Doxorubicin-Encapsulation and Breast Cancer Cytotoxicity. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:350. [PMID: 30392055 PMCID: PMC6215536 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Crosslinked-biopolymer nanoparticles provide a convenient platform for therapeutic encapsulation and delivery. Here, we present a robust inverse-micelle process to load water-soluble drugs into a calcium-crosslinked alginate matrix. The utility of the resulting nanoalginate (NALG) carriers was assessed by a doxorubicin (DOX) formulation (NALG-DOX) and evaluating its potency on breast cancer cells (4T1). This facile synthesis process produced doxorubicin-containing particles of ~ 83 nm by hydrodynamic size and zeta potential ~ 7.2 mV. The cyclohexane/dodecylamine microemulsion yielded uniform and spherical nanoparticles as observed by electron microscopy. The uptake of the drug from the NALG-DOX formulation in 4T1 cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy employing doxorubicin's inherent fluorescence. Therapeutic efficacy of the NALG-DOX against 4T1 cells was demonstrated qualitatively through a LIVE/DEAD fluorescence assay and quantitatively via cell viability assay (Alamar Blue). In addition, IC50 values were determined, with encapsulated doxorubicin having a slightly higher value. No toxicity of the empty NALG carrier was observed. Overall, these results demonstrate the utility of this synthesis process for encapsulation of hydrophilic therapeutics and NALG to function as a drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G. Rosch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Anna L. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Allison N. DuRoss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Erin L. DuRoss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Conroy Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201 USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
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8
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Sum CH, Shortall SM, Nicastro JA, Slavcev R. Specific Systems for Imaging. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 110:69-97. [PMID: 30536227 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78259-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microscopy allows for the characterization of small objects invisible to the naked eye, a technique that, since its conception, has played a key role in the development across nearly every field of science and technology. Given the nanometer size of the materials explored in the field of nanotechnology, the contributions of modern microscopes that can visualize these materials are indispensable, and the ever-improving technology is paramount to the future success of the field. This chapter will focus on four fundamental areas of microscopy used in the field of nanotechnology including fluorescence microscopy (Sect. 3.1), particle tracking and photoactivated localization microscopy (Sect. 3.2), quantum dots and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (Sect. 3.3), and cellular MRI and PET labeling (Sect. 3.4). The functionality, as well as the current and recommended usage of each given imaging system, will be discussed.
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Mastorakos P, Zhang C, Song E, Kim YE, Park HW, Berry S, Choi WK, Hanes J, Suk JS. Biodegradable brain-penetrating DNA nanocomplexes and their use to treat malignant brain tumors. J Control Release 2017; 262:37-46. [PMID: 28694032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of powerful genetic targets has spurred clinical development of gene therapy approaches to treat patients with malignant brain tumors. However, lack of success in the clinic has been attributed to the inability of conventional gene vectors to achieve gene transfer throughout highly disseminated primary brain tumors. Here, we demonstrate ex vivo that small nanocomplexes composed of DNA condensed by a blend of biodegradable polymer, poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE), with PBAE conjugated with 5kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules (PBAE-PEG) rapidly penetrate healthy brain parenchyma and orthotopic brain tumor tissues in rats. Rapid diffusion of these DNA-loaded nanocomplexes observed in fresh tissues ex vivo demonstrated that they avoided adhesive trapping in the brain owing to their dense PEG coating, which was critical to achieving widespread transgene expression throughout orthotopic rat brain tumors in vivo following administration by convection enhanced delivery. Transgene expression with the PBAE/PBAE-PEG blended nanocomplexes (DNA-loaded brain-penetrating nanocomplexes, or DNA-BPN) was uniform throughout the tumor core compared to nanocomplexes composed of DNA with PBAE only (DNA-loaded conventional nanocomplexes, or DNA-CN), and transgene expression reached beyond the tumor edge, where infiltrative cancer cells are found, only for the DNA-BPN formulation. Finally, DNA-BPN loaded with anti-cancer plasmid DNA provided significantly enhanced survival compared to the same plasmid DNA loaded in DNA-CN in two aggressive orthotopic brain tumor models in rats. These findings underscore the importance of achieving widespread delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids within brain tumors and provide a promising new delivery platform for localized gene therapy in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mastorakos
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clark Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Biotechnology Education, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hee Won Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sneha Berry
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Biotechnology Education, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Won Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Luo X, Li B, Zhang X, Zhao W, Bratasz A, Deng B, McComb DW, Dong Y. Dual-functional lipid-like nanoparticles for delivery of mRNA and MRI contrast agents. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1575-1579. [PMID: 28067926 PMCID: PMC5316423 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08496f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multi-functional nanomaterials possess unique properties, facilitating both therapeutic and diagnostic applications among others. Herein, we developed dual-functional lipid-like nanoparticles for simultaneous delivery of mRNA and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents in order to express functional proteins and provide real-time visualization. TT3-Gd18 LLNs were identified as a lead formulation, which was able to encapsulate 91% of mRNA and 74% of Gd. This formulation showed a comparable or a slightly higher delivery efficiency of mRNA compared to the initial TT3 LLNs. Moreover, a strong MRI signal was observed in the cell pellets treated with TT3-Gd18 LLNs. More importantly, TT3-Gd18 LLNs demonstrated an efficient delivery of mRNA and Gd contrast agents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Luo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - B Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - X Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - W Zhao
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - A Bratasz
- Small Animal Imaging Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - B Deng
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - D W McComb
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Y Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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Concepts, technologies, and practices for drug delivery past the blood–brain barrier to the central nervous system. J Control Release 2016; 240:251-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Rezaee M, Oskuee RK, Nassirli H, Malaekeh-Nikouei B. Progress in the development of lipopolyplexes as efficient non-viral gene delivery systems. J Control Release 2016; 236:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Mastorakos P, Song E, Zhang C, Berry S, Park HW, Kim YE, Park JS, Lee S, Suk JS, Hanes J. Biodegradable DNA Nanoparticles that Provide Widespread Gene Delivery in the Brain. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:678-85. [PMID: 26680637 PMCID: PMC4913277 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Successful gene therapy of neurological disorders is predicated on achieving widespread and uniform transgene expression throughout the affected disease area in the brain. However, conventional gene vectors preferentially travel through low-resistance perivascular spaces and/or are confined to the administration site even with the aid of a pressure-driven flow provided by convection-enhanced delivery. Biodegradable DNA nanoparticles offer a safe gene delivery platform devoid of adverse effects associated with virus-based or synthetic nonbiodegradable systems. Using a state-of-the-art biodegradable polymer, poly(β-amino ester), colloidally stable sub-100 nm DNA nanoparticles are engineered with a nonadhesive polyethylene glycol corona that are able to avoid the adhesive and steric hindrances imposed by the extracellular matrix. Following convection enhanced delivery, these brain-penetrating nanoparticles are able to homogeneously distribute throughout the rodent striatum and mediate widespread and high-level transgene expression. These nanoparticles provide a biodegradable DNA nanoparticle platform enabling uniform transgene expression patterns in vivo and hold promise for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mastorakos
- Center for Nanomedicine, at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21297, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Center for Nanomedicine, at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Center for Biotechnology Education, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Clark Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine, at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Av., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sneha Berry
- Center for Nanomedicine, at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Center for Biotechnology Education, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hee Won Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jong Sung Park
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Seulki Lee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Fan X, Nelson BD, Ai Y, Stiles DK, Gash DM, Hardy PA, Zhang Z. Continuous intraputamenal convection-enhanced delivery in adult rhesus macaques. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:1569-77. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.1.jns132345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
Assessing the safety and feasibility of chronic delivery of compounds to the brain using convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is important for the further development of this important therapeutic technology. The objective of this study was to follow and model the distribution of a compound delivered by CED into the putamen of rhesus monkeys.
METHODS
The authors sequentially implanted catheters into 4 sites spanning the left and right putamen in each of 6 rhesus monkeys. The catheters were connected to implanted pumps, which were programmed to deliver a 5-mM solution of the MRI contrast agent Gd-DTPA at 0.1 μl/minute for 7 days and 0.3 μl/minute for an additional 7 days. The animals were followed for 28 days per implant cycle during which they were periodically examined with MRI.
RESULTS
All animals survived the 4 surgeries with no deficits in behavior. Compared with acute infusion, the volume of distribution (Vd) increased 2-fold with 7 days of chronic infusion. Increasing the flow rate 3-fold over the next week increased the Vd an additional 3-fold. Following withdrawal of the compound, the half-life of Gd-DTPA in the brain was estimated as 3.1 days based on first-order pharmacokinetics. Histological assessment of the brain showed minimal tissue damage limited to the insertion site.
CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate several important features in the development of a chronically implanted pump and catheter system: 1) the ability to place catheters accurately in a predetermined target; 2) the ability to deliver compounds in a chronic fashion to the putamen; and 3) the use of MRI and MR visible tracers to follow the evolution of the infusion volume over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Fan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- 2Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, College of Medicine,
| | | | - Yi Ai
- 2Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, College of Medicine,
| | | | - Don M. Gash
- 2Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, College of Medicine,
| | - Peter A. Hardy
- 3Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, and
- 5Department of Radiology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- 2Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, College of Medicine,
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Mastorakos P, Zhang C, Berry S, Oh Y, Lee S, Eberhart CG, Woodworth GF, Suk JS, Hanes J. Highly PEGylated DNA Nanoparticles Provide Uniform and Widespread Gene Transfer in the Brain. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1023-33. [PMID: 25761435 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) has potential as a means for treating numerous debilitating neurological diseases. Nonviral gene vector platforms are tailorable and can overcome key limitations intrinsic to virus-mediated delivery; however, lack of clinical efficacy with nonviral systems to date may be attributed to limited gene vector dispersion and transfection in vivo. It is shown that the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) strongly limits penetration of polymer-based gene vector nanoparticles (NP) through the brain parenchyma, even when they are very small (<60 nm) and coated with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) corona of typical density. Following convection enhanced delivery (CED), conventional gene vectors are confined to the injection site, presumably by adhesive interactions with the brain ECM and do not provide gene expression beyond the point of administration. In contrast, it is found that incorporating highly PEGylated polymers allows the production of compacted (≈43 nm) and colloidally stable DNA NP that avoid adhesive trapping within the brain parenchyma. When administered by CED into the rat striatum, highly PEGylated DNA NP distribute throughout and provide broad transgene expression without vector-induced toxicity. The use of these brain-penetrating gene vectors, in conjunction with CED, offers an avenue to improve gene therapy for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mastorakos
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N. Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N. Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21297 USA
| | - Clark Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N. Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Sneha Berry
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N. Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Center for Biotechnology Education; Krieger School of Arts and Sciences; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N. Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Yumin Oh
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N. Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Johns Hopkins University; 601 N. Caroline Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA
| | - Seulki Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N. Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Johns Hopkins University; 601 N. Caroline Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA
| | - Charles G. Eberhart
- Department of Pathology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N. Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA
| | - Graeme F. Woodworth
- Departments of Neurological Surgery Anatomy and Neurobiology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; 22 S. Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N. Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N. Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21297 USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N. Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N. Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21297 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N. Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
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Chittiboina P, Heiss JD, Lonser RR. Accuracy of direct magnetic resonance imaging-guided placement of drug infusion cannulae. J Neurosurg 2015; 122:1173-9. [PMID: 25594325 DOI: 10.3171/2014.11.jns131888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An intraoperative MRI (iMRI)-compatible system has been developed for direct placement of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) cannulae using real-time imaging. To establish the precision and feasibility of this technology, the authors analyzed findings in patients who underwent direct iMRI CED cannula placement. Three consecutive patients underwent iMRI-guided placement of CED infusion cannulae (6 cannulae) for treatment of diffuse intrinsic brainstem glioma (2 patients) or Parkinson's disease (1 patient). Convective infusion cannulae were guided to the target using the ClearPoint iMRI-based navigation platform (MRI Interventions, Inc.). Placement accuracy was analyzed. Real-time iMRI during infusion cannula insertion allowed for monitoring of trajectory accuracy during placement. During cannula insertion, no reinsertions or changes due to errors in targeting were necessary. The mean radial error was 1.0 ± 0.5 mm (± SD). There was no correlation between the total length of the planned trajectory and the radial error (Pearson's coefficient: -0.40; p = 0.5). The mean anteroposterior and lateral errors were 0.9 ± 0.5 and 0.3 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. The mean in-plane distance error was 1.0 ± 0.4 mm. The mean tip error (scalar distance between the planned target and actual tip) was 1.9 ± 0.9 mm. There was no correlation between the length of the planned trajectory and any of the measured errors. No complications were associated with cannula placement. Real-time iMRI-based targeting and monitoring of infusion cannula placement is a safe, effective, and accurate technique that should enable more selective perfusion of brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chittiboina
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
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18
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The role of the helper lipid on the DNA transfection efficiency of lipopolyplex formulations. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7107. [PMID: 25407686 PMCID: PMC4236742 DOI: 10.1038/srep07107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional, lipopolyplex formulations comprising a mixture of cationic liposomes and cationic, receptor-targeting peptides have potential use in gene therapy applications. Lipopolyplex formulations described here are typically far more efficient transfection agents than binary lipoplex or polyplex formulations. It has been shown previously that the peptide component mediates both DNA packaging and targeting of the nanoparticle while in this report we investigate the contribution of the lipid component. We hypothesised that the lipid components synergise with the peptides in the transfection process by promoting endosomal escape after lipid bilayer fusion. Lipopolyplexes were prepared with cationic liposomes comprising DOTAP with either neutral lipid DOPE or DOPC. DOPE promotes fusogenic, inverted hexagonal lipid structures while DOPC promotes more stable laminar structures. Lipopolyplexes containing DOPE showed substantially higher transfection efficiency than those formulated with DOPC, both in vitro and in vivo. DOPE-containing lipopolyplexes showed rapid endosomal trafficking and nuclear accumulation of DNA while DOPC-containing formulations remained within the late endo-lysosomal compartments. These findings are consistent with previous finding for the role of DOPE in lipoplexes and support the hypothesis regarding the function of the lipid components in lipopolyplexes. These findings will help to inform future lipopolyplex design, strategies and clinical development processes.
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Cupaioli FA, Zucca FA, Boraschi D, Zecca L. Engineered nanoparticles. How brain friendly is this new guest? Prog Neurobiol 2014; 119-120:20-38. [PMID: 24820405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last 30 years, the use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has progressively increased in many industrial and medical applications. In therapy, NPs may allow more effective cellular and subcellular targeting of drugs. In diagnostic applications, quantum dots are exploited for their optical characteristics, while superparamagnetic iron oxides NPs are used in magnetic resonance imaging. NPs are used in semiconductors, packaging, textiles, solar cells, batteries and plastic materials. Despite the great progress in nanotechnologies, comparatively little is known to date on the effects that exposure to NPs may have on the human body, in general and specifically on the brain. NPs can enter the human body through skin, digestive tract, airways and blood and they may cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the central nervous system. In addition to the paucity of studies describing NP effects on brain function, some of them also suffer of insufficient NPs characterization, inadequate standardization of conditions and lack of contaminant evaluation, so that results from different studies can hardly be compared. It has been shown in vitro and in vivo in rodents that NPs can impair dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Changes of neuronal morphology and neuronal death were reported in mice treated with NPs. NPs can also affect the respiratory chain of mitochondria and Bax protein levels, thereby causing apoptosis. Changes in expression of genes involved in redox pathways in mouse brain regions were described. NPs can induce autophagy, and accumulate in lysosomes impairing their degradation capacity. Cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking may also be affected. NPs treated animals showed neuroinflammation with microglia activation, which could induce neurodegeneration. Considering the available data, it is important to design adequate models and experimental systems to evaluate in a reliable and controlled fashion the effects of NPs on the brain, and generate data representative of effects on the human brain, thereby useful for developing robust and valid nanosafety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Cupaioli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Unit of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
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Liu Y, Feng L, Liu T, Zhang L, Yao Y, Yu D, Wang L, Zhang N. Multifunctional pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles for theranostics evaluated experimentally in cancer. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3231-3242. [PMID: 24500240 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05647c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticle system was developed for simultaneous tumor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and therapy. The nanoparticles were self-assembled using the multi-block polymer poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lysine)-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (PLA-PEG-PLL-DTPA) and the pH-sensitive material poly(l-histidine)-poly(ethylene glycol)-biotin (PLH-PEG-biotin). The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) drug sorafenib was encapsulated inside the nanoparticles. Gd ions were chelated to the DTPA groups which were distributed on the nanoparticle surface. Biotinylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) antibodies were linked to the surface biotin groups of nanoparticles through the avidin linker to form the target pH-sensitive theranostic nanoparticles (TPTN). TPTN exhibited spherical or ellipsoidal shapes, uniform particle size distribution (181.4 ± 3.4 nm), positive zeta potential (14.95 ± 0.60 mV), high encapsulation efficiency (95.02 ± 1.47%) and drug loading (2.38 ± 0.04%). The pH-sensitive sorafenib release from TPTN was observed under different pH values (47.81% at pH = 7.4 and 99.32% at pH = 5.0, respectively). In cell cytotoxicity studies, TPTN showed similar antitumor effect against HepG2 cells compared to solubilized sorafenib solution after pre-incubation in acid PBS (pH = 5.0) for 1 h in vitro (P > 0.05). In in vivo anti-tumor studies, TPTN showed significantly higher antitumor effect in H22 tumor (VEGFR overexpressed cell line) bearing mice compared to the solubilized sorafenib solution (oral or i.v. administration) group (P < 0.05). In the MRI test, the T1 relaxivity value of TPTN was 17.300 mM(-1) s(-1) which was 3.6 times higher than Magnevist® (r1 = 4.8 mM(-1) s(-1)). As a positive contrast agent, TPTN exhibited higher resolution and longer imaging time (more than 90 min) in the MRI diagnosis of tumor-bearing mice compared to Magnevist® (more than 60 min). Furthermore, histological examination of TBN (blank TPTN, without sorafenib loaded) showed no visible tissue toxicity compared to normal saline. Thus, TPTN possessed dual-loading drugs and imaging agents, active targeting and pH-triggered drug release properties in one platform with good biocompatibility. All of these results indicated that TPTN was a promising theranostic carrier which could be a platform for the development of novel multifunctional theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinnan, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Abstract
Nonviral vectors which offer a safer and versatile alternative to viral vectors have been developed to overcome problems caused by viral carriers. However, their transfection efficacy or level of expression is substantially lower than viral vectors. Among various nonviral gene vectors, lipid nanoparticles are an ideal platform for the incorporation of safety and efficacy into a single delivery system. In this chapter, we highlight current lipidic vectors that have been developed for gene therapy of tumors and other diseases. The pharmacokinetic, toxic behaviors and clinic trials of some successful lipids particles are also presented.
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Legacz M, Roepke K, Giersig M, Pison U. Contrast Agents and Cell Labeling Strategies for <i>in Vivo</i> Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/anp.2014.32007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Kenny GD, Bienemann AS, Tagalakis AD, Pugh JA, Welser K, Campbell F, Tabor AB, Hailes HC, Gill SS, Lythgoe MF, McLeod CW, White EA, Hart SL. Multifunctional receptor-targeted nanocomplexes for the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to the brain. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9190-200. [PMID: 23948162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Convection enhanced delivery (CED) is a method of direct injection to the brain that can achieve widespread dispersal of therapeutics, including gene therapies, from a single dose. Non-viral, nanocomplexes are of interest as vectors for gene therapy in the brain, but it is essential that administration should achieve maximal dispersal to minimise the number of injections required. We hypothesised that anionic nanocomplexes administered by CED should disperse more widely in rat brains than cationics of similar size, which bind electrostatically to cell-surface anionic moieties such as proteoglycans, limiting their spread. Anionic, receptor-targeted nanocomplexes (RTN) containing a neurotensin-targeting peptide were prepared with plasmid DNA and compared with cationic RTNs for dispersal and transfection efficiency. Both RTNs were labelled with gadolinium for localisation in the brain by MRI and in brain sections by LA-ICP-MS, as well as with rhodamine fluorophore for detection by fluorescence microscopy. MRI distribution studies confirmed that the anionic RTNs dispersed more widely than cationic RTNs, particularly in the corpus callosum. Gene expression levels from anionic formulations were similar to those of cationic RTNs. Thus, anionic RTN formulations can achieve both widespread dispersal and effective gene expression in brains after administration of a single dose by CED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Kenny
- Molecular Immunology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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Quinn RW, McFall C. Methods for analyzing the density, distribution, origin, and phenotypes of restored cell populations in vivo and post-explant. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Newland B, Dowd E, Pandit A. Biomaterial approaches to gene therapies for neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:556-576. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60030k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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