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Labecka N, Szczepanczyk M, Mojumdar E, Sparr E, Björklund S. Unraveling UVB effects: Catalase activity and molecular alterations in the stratum corneum. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 666:176-188. [PMID: 38593652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can compromise the functionality of the skin barrier through various mechanisms. We hypothesize that UVB induce photochemical alterations in the components of the outermost layer of the skin, known as the stratum corneum (SC), and modulate its antioxidative defense mechanisms. Catalase is a well-known antioxidative enzyme found in the SC where it acts to scavenge reactive oxygen species. However, a detailed characterization of acute UVB exposure on the activity of native catalase in the SC is lacking. Moreover, the effects of UVB irradiation on the molecular dynamics and organization of the SC keratin and lipid components remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this work is to characterize consequences of UVB exposure on the structural and antioxidative properties of catalase, as well as on the molecular and global properties of the SC matrix surrounding the enzyme. EXPERIMENTS The effect of UVB irradiation on the catalase function is investigated by chronoamperometry with a skin covered oxygen electrode, which probes the activity of native catalase in the SC matrix. Circular dichroism is used to explore changes of the catalase secondary structure, and gel electrophoresis is used to detect fragmentation of the enzyme following the UVB exposure. UVB induced alterations of the SC molecular dynamics and structural features of the SC barrier, as well as its water sorption behavior, are investigated by a complementary set of techniques, including natural abundance 13C polarization transfer solid-state NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dynamic vapor sorption microbalance. FINDINGS The findings show that UVB exposure impairs the antioxidative function of catalase by deactivating both native catalase in the SC matrix and lyophilized catalase. However, UVB radiation does not alter the secondary structure of the catalase nor induce any observable enzyme fragmentation, which otherwise could explain deactivation of its function. NMR measurements on SC samples show a subtle increase in the molecular mobility of the terminal segments of the SC lipids, accompanied by a decrease in the mobility of lipid chain trans-gauche conformers after high doses of UVB exposure. At the same time, the NMR data suggest increased rigidity of the polypeptide backbone of the keratin filaments, while the molecular mobility of amino acid residues in random coil domains of keratin remain unaffected by UVB irradiation. The FTIR data show a consistent decrease in absorbance associated with lipid bond vibrations, relative to the main protein bands. Collectively, the NMR and FTIR data suggest a small modification in the composition of fluid and solid phases of the SC lipid and protein components after UVB exposure, unrelated to the hydration capacity of the SC tissue. To conclude, UVB deactivation of catalase is anticipated to elevate oxidative stress of the SC, which, when coupled with subtle changes in the molecular characteristics of the SC, may compromise the overall skin health and elevate the likelihood of developing skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Labecka
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michal Szczepanczyk
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Enamul Mojumdar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; CR Competence AB, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Björklund
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden.
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2
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Limcharoen B, Wanichwecharungruang S, Kröger M, Sansureerungsikul T, Schleusener J, Lena Klein A, Banlunara W, Meinke MC, Darvin ME. Dissolvable microneedles in the skin: Determination the impact of barrier disruption and dry skin on dissolution. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 199:114303. [PMID: 38657740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Dissolvable microneedles (DMNs), fabricated from biocompatible materials that dissolve in both water and skin have gained popularity in dermatology. However, limited research exists on their application in compromised skin conditions. This study compares the hyaluronic acid-based DMNs penetration, formation of microchannels, dissolution, and diffusion kinetics in intact, barrier-disrupted (tape stripped), and dry (acetone-treated) porcine ear skin ex vivo. After DMNs application, comprehensive investigations including dermoscopy, stereomicroscope, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), optical coherence tomography (OCT), reflectance confocal laser scanning microscopy (RCLSM), confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM), two-photon tomography combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging (TPT-FLIM), histology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted. The 400 µm long DMNs successfully penetrated the skin to depths of ≈200 µm for dry skin and ≈200-290 µm for barrier-disrupted skin. Although DMNs fully inserted into all skin conditions, their dissolution rates were high in barrier-disrupted and low in dry skin, as observed through stereomicroscopy and TPT-FLIM. The dissolved polymer exhibited a more significant expansion in barrier-disrupted skin compared to intact skin, with the smallest increase observed in dry skin. Elevated TEWL and reduced skin hydration levels were evident in barrier-disrupted and dry skins compared to intact skin. OCT and RCLSM revealed noticeable skin indentation and pronounced microchannel areas, particularly in barrier-disrupted and dry skin. Additional confirmation of DMN effects on the skin and substance dissolution was obtained through histology, SEM, and CRM techniques. This study highlights the impact of skin condition on DMN effectiveness, emphasizing the importance of considering dissolvability and dissolution rates of needle materials, primarily composed of hyaluronic acid, for optimizing DMN-based drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand
| | - Marius Kröger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Titiporn Sansureerungsikul
- Mineed Technology, 928 Block 28, Building D, Chulalongkorn 7 Alley, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Klein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany.
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3
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Khairnar P, Phatale V, Shukla S, Tijani AO, Hedaoo A, Strauss J, Verana G, Vambhurkar G, Puri A, Srivastava S. Nanocarrier-Integrated Microneedles: Divulging the Potential of Novel Frontiers for Fostering the Management of Skin Ailments. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2118-2147. [PMID: 38660711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The various kinds of nanocarriers (NCs) have been explored for the delivery of therapeutics designed for the management of skin manifestations. The NCs are considered as one of the promising approaches for the skin delivery of therapeutics attributable to sustained release and enhanced skin penetration. Despite the extensive applications of the NCs, the challenges in their delivery via skin barrier (majorly stratum corneum) have persisted. To overcome all the challenges associated with the delivery of NCs, the microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a beacon of hope. Programmable drug release, being painless, and its minimally invasive nature make it an intriguing strategy to circumvent the multiple challenges associated with the various drug delivery systems. The integration of positive traits of NCs and MNs boosts therapeutic effectiveness by evading stratum corneum, facilitating the delivery of NCs through the skin and enhancing their targeted delivery. This review discusses the barrier function of skin, the importance of MNs, the types of MNs, and the superiority of NC-loaded MNs. We highlighted the applications of NC-integrated MNs for the management of various skin ailments, combinational drug delivery, active targeting, in vivo imaging, and as theranostics. The clinical trials, patent portfolio, and marketed products of drug/NC-integrated MNs are covered. Finally, regulatory hurdles toward benchtop-to-bedside translation, along with promising prospects needed to scale up NC-integrated MN technology, have been deliberated. The current review is anticipated to deliver thoughtful visions to researchers, clinicians, and formulation scientists for the successful development of the MN-technology-based product by carefully optimizing all the formulation variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Khairnar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Vivek Phatale
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shalini Shukla
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Akeemat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Aachal Hedaoo
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Jordan Strauss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Gabrielle Verana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
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van den Brink NJM, Pardow F, Meesters LD, van Vlijmen-Willems I, Rodijk-Olthuis D, Niehues H, Jansen PAM, Roelofs SH, Brewer MG, van den Bogaard EH, Smits JPH. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Quantifies Skin Barrier Function in Organotypic In Vitro Epidermis Models. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00293-8. [PMID: 38642800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional human epidermal equivalents (HEEs) are a state-of-the-art organotypic culture model in preclinical investigative dermatology and regulatory toxicology. In this study, we investigated the utility of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for noninvasive measurement of HEE epidermal barrier function. Our setup comprised a custom-made lid fit with 12 electrode pairs aligned on the standard 24-transwell cell culture system. Serial EIS measurements for 7 consecutive days did not impact epidermal morphology, and readouts showed comparable trends with HEEs measured only once. We determined 2 frequency ranges in the resulting impedance spectra: a lower frequency range termed EISdiff correlated with keratinocyte terminal differentiation independent of epidermal thickness and a higher frequency range termed EISSC correlated with stratum corneum thickness. HEEs generated from CRISPR/Cas9-engineered keratinocytes that lack key differentiation genes FLG, TFAP2A, AHR, or CLDN1 confirmed that keratinocyte terminal differentiation is the major parameter defining EISdiff. Exposure to proinflammatory psoriasis- or atopic dermatitis-associated cytokine cocktails lowered the expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers and reduced EISdiff. This cytokine-associated decrease in EISdiff was normalized after stimulation with therapeutic molecules. In conclusion, EIS provides a noninvasive system to consecutively and quantitatively assess HEE barrier function and to sensitively and objectively measure barrier development, defects, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicitas Pardow
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca D Meesters
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Matthew G Brewer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Jos P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Dermatology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Silvestrini AVP, Morais MF, Debiasi BW, Praça FG, Bentley MVLB. Nanotechnology strategies to address challenges in topical and cellular delivery of siRNAs in skin disease therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115198. [PMID: 38341146 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the most advanced therapies in current medicine. In particular, interference RNA-based therapy by small interfering RNA (siRNA) has gained attention in recent years as it is a highly versatile, selective and specific therapy. In dermatological conditions, topical delivery of siRNA offers numerous therapeutic advantages, mainly by inhibiting the expression of target transcripts directly in the skin. However, crossing the stratum corneum and overcoming intracellular barriers is an inherent challenge. Substantial efforts by scientists have moved towards the use of multimodal and multifunctional nanoparticles to overcome these barriers and achieve greater bioavailability in their site of action, the cytoplasm. In this review the most innovative strategies based on nanoparticle and physical methods are presented, as well as the design principles and the main factors that contribute to the performance of these systems. This review also highlights the synergistic contributions of medicine, nanotechnology, and molecular biology to advancing translational research into siRNA-based therapeutics for skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vitoria Pupo Silvestrini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Finazzi Morais
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bryan Wender Debiasi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Garcia Praça
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Huygen L, Thys PM, Wollenberg A, Gutermuth J, Krohn IK. Skin Barrier Function Assessment: Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Is Less Influenced by Daily Routine Activities Than Transepidermal Water Loss. Ann Dermatol 2024; 36:99-111. [PMID: 38576248 PMCID: PMC10995614 DOI: 10.5021/ad.23.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin barrier function assessment is commonly done by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL). An important limitation of this method is the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a lesser-established method for skin barrier function assessment. Some influential factors have been described, but no guidelines exist regarding the standardization of these measurements. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect size of daily routine activities on TEWL and EIS, as well as their correlation with age and anatomical differences. METHODS Healthy participants (n=31) were stratified into three age groups (18-29, 30-49, and ≥50 years). In a climate-controlled room, EIS and TEWL measurements were performed on the left and right volar forearm and abdomen. RESULTS Body cream application decreased TEWL and EIS values after 15 and 90 minutes. Skin washing decreased TEWL for 15 minutes and EIS values for at least 90 minutes. TEWL was increased 5 minutes after moderate to intense exercise. Coffee intake increased TEWL on the abdomen after 60 minutes. TEWL and EIS values did not correlate with participants' age and no anatomical differences were observed. No correlation was observed between TEWL and EIS. CONCLUSION Body cream application and skin washing should be avoided at least 90 minutes prior to measurements of TEWL and EIS. Exercise and coffee intake should also be avoided prior to TEWL measurements. EIS may be a promising tool for skin barrier function assessment as it is less affected by daily routine activities than TEWL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Huygen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pauline Marie Thys
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andreas Wollenberg
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jan Gutermuth
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Kortekaas Krohn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
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7
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van den Brink NJM, Pardow F, Meesters LD, van Vlijmen-Willems I, Rodijk-Olthuis D, Niehues H, Jansen PAM, Roelofs SH, Brewer MG, van den Bogaard EH, Smits JPH. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Quantifies Skin Barrier Function in Organotypic In Vitro Epidermis Models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.18.585587. [PMID: 38562885 PMCID: PMC10983962 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.585587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
3 D human epidermal equivalents (HEEs) are a state-of-the-art organotypic culture model in pre-clinical investigative dermatology and regulatory toxicology. Here, we investigated the utility of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for non-invasive measurement of HEE epidermal barrier function. Our setup comprised a custom-made lid fit with 12 electrode pairs aligned on the standard 24-transwell cell culture system. Serial EIS measurements for seven consecutive days did not impact epidermal morphology and readouts showed comparable trends to HEEs measured only once. We determined two frequency ranges in the resulting impedance spectra: a lower frequency range termed EISdiff correlated with keratinocyte terminal differentiation independent of epidermal thickness and a higher frequency range termed EISSC correlated with stratum corneum thickness. HEEs generated from CRISPR/Cas9 engineered keratinocytes that lack key differentiation genes FLG, TFAP2A, AHR or CLDN1 confirmed that keratinocyte terminal differentiation is the major parameter defining EISdiff. Exposure to pro-inflammatory psoriasis- or atopic dermatitis-associated cytokine cocktails lowered the expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers and reduced EISdiff. This cytokine-associated decrease in EISdiff was normalized after stimulation with therapeutic molecules. In conclusion, EIS provides a non-invasive system to consecutively and quantitatively assess HEE barrier function and to sensitively and objectively measure barrier development, defects and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Pardow
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L D Meesters
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - D Rodijk-Olthuis
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Niehues
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P A M Jansen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M G Brewer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - J P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Yang C, Peng X, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Feng M, Tian Y, Zhang J, Cen S, Li Z, Dai X, Jing Z, Shi X. Umbilical therapy for promoting transdermal delivery of topical formulations: Enhanced effect and underlying mechanism. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123834. [PMID: 38262583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Umbilical paste therapy is a promising method to promote transdermal drug delivery of topical formulations. This work investigated the effect and mechanism of transdermal drug delivery through the umbilical skin. The transdermal permeation studies showed the phenomenon of higher cumulative penetration and faster penetration rates for drug through the umbilical skin compared with non-umbilical skin, namely umbilical pro-permeability. This special transdermal permeability of drugs is influenced by their molecular weight, logP value, ability to form hydrogen bonds, and molecular volume. The underlying mechanism of umbilical pro-permeability was elucidated from unique structure and regulation the effect of drugs on microcirculation in the umbilical skin. Mechanistic studies revealed that this phenomenon was not only associated with the structural and physiological properties of the skin but also to the interactions between drugs and different skin layers. The umbilical pro-permeation is attributed to the thinner stratum corneum layer, differences in stratum corneum lipid composition and keratin structure, and lower levels of intercellular tight junction proteins in the viable epidermis and dermis layer of the skin. Our research indicated that umbilical paste therapy enhanced the transdermal delivery and absorption of drugs by stimulating local blood flow through mast cell activation. Surprisingly, skin temperature modulation and calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P levels did not appear to significantly affect this process. In conclusion, umbilical drug administration, as a straightforward and non-invasive approach to enhance transdermal drug delivery, presents novel concepts for continued investigation and practical implementation of transdermal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xinhui Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanshuang Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - MinFang Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuting Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shuai Cen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhixun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xingxing Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhenlong Jing
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing 102488, China.
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9
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Banov D, Song G, Carvalho M, Bassani AS, Valdez BC. Evaluation of a compounding phospholipid base for the percutaneous absorption of high molecular weight drugs using the Franz finite dose model. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13610. [PMID: 38352988 PMCID: PMC10865068 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Permeation-enhancing compounding bases are aimed to facilitate the penetration of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) across the skin barrier. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the percutaneous absorption of radiolabeled human insulin (14 C-isototpe) when incorporated in a proprietary phospholipid base designed to deliver APIs with high molecular weights (HMW). The aim was not to claim the transdermal delivery of insulin with potential therapeutic applications in diabetes but, instead, to evaluate the ability of the compounding phospholipid base to deliver HMW drugs. METHODS The percutaneous absorption of 14 C-insulin was determined using human torso skin and the Franz skin finite dose model. Two topical test formulations were prepared for in vitro evaluation: insulin 1% in phospholipid base (standard) and insulin 1% in phospholipid base HMW. The rate of percutaneous absorption (mean flux) and the distribution of 14 C-insulin through the skin were evaluated for both topical test formulations. A two-way ANOVA was used to determine statistical differences. RESULTS The 14 C-insulin was distributed into the stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis. Mean flux values showed a rapid penetration upon application and the maximum flux was achieved at 30 min, followed by a slow decline. Subsequently, a slower decline was observed for the topical test formulation including the phospholipid base HMW. CONCLUSION The phospholipid base HMW facilitates the percutaneous absorption of HMW drugs across human cadaver skin and, therefore, it may potentially be a useful option for compounding pharmacists and practitioners when considering the skin for the percutaneous delivery of large drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Banov
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
| | - Guiyun Song
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
| | - Maria Carvalho
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Benigno C. Valdez
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular TherapyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
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10
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Lee WH, Kim W. Self-assembled hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for the topical treatment of inflammatory skin diseases: Beyond drug carriers. J Control Release 2024; 366:114-127. [PMID: 38145664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases represent a significant health concern, affecting approximately 20-25% of the global population. These conditions not only reduce an individual's quality of life but also impose a huge burden on both humanity and society. However, addressing these challenges is hindered by their chronic nature, insufficient therapeutic effectiveness, and the propensity for recurrence and adverse side effects. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as a potential solution to these barriers, owing to its excellent attributes such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and targeted drug delivery. However, its practical application has been limited because endogenous hyaluronidase (HYAL) rapidly degrades HA in inflamed skin thus reducing its ability to penetrate deep into the skin. Interestingly, recent research has expanded the role of self-assembled HA-nanoparticles (HA-NPs) beyond drug carriers; they are resistant to HYAL, thereby enabling deep skin penetration, and possess inherent anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, these abilities can be fine-tuned depending on the conditions during particle synthesis. Additionally, their role as a drug delivery system holds potential for use as a multi-target drug or hybrid drug. In conclusion, this review aims to specifically introduce and highlight the emerging potential of HA-NPs as a topical treatment for inflammatory skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kim CH, Hong SM, Kim S, Yu JI, Jung SH, Bang CH, Lee JH, Kim TG. Skin repair and immunoregulatory effects of myeloid suppressor cells from human cord blood in atopic dermatitis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1263646. [PMID: 38264643 PMCID: PMC10803405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1263646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previously, we achieved large-scale expansion of bone marrow-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) derived from cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ cells cultured in human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) and demonstrated their immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of hUCB-MDSCs in atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods Dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-induced NC/Nga mice (clinical score of 7) were treated with hUCB-MDSCs or a control drug. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of hUCB-MDSCs were evaluated. Results and discussion hUCB-MDSCs demonstrated immunosuppressive effects in both human and mouse CD4+ T cells. hUCB-MDSCs significantly reduced the clinical severity scores, which were associated with histopathological changes, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, epidermal hyperplasia, and fibrosis. Furthermore, hUCB-MDSCs decreased the serum levels of immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, thymus- and activation-regulated chemokines, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Additionally, they altered the expression of the skin barrier function-related proteins filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, cytokeratin 10, and cytokeratin 14 and suppressed the activation of Df-restimulated T-cells via cell-cell interactions. hUCB-MDSCs promoted skin recovery and maintained their therapeutic effect even after recurrence. Consequently, hUCB-MDSC administration improved Df-induced AD-like skin lesions and restored skin barrier function. Our findings support the potential of hUCB-MDSCs as a novel treatment strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hyun Kim
- ViMedier Platform Group, ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Hong
- ViMedier Platform Group, ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sueon Kim
- ViMedier Platform Group, ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ik Yu
- ViMedier Platform Group, ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Jung
- ViMedier Platform Group, ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hwan Bang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- ViMedier Platform Group, ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Tai M, Chen J, Chen J, Shen X, Ni J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in skin aging induced by UVB. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14956. [PMID: 37846942 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a normal and complex biological process. Skin is located in the most superficial layer of the body, and its degree of aging directly reflects the aging level of the body. Endoplasmic reticulum stress refers to the aggregation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and the disruption of the calcium ion balance when cells are stimulated by external stimuli. Mild endoplasmic reticulum stress can cause a series of protective mechanisms, including the unfolded protein response, while sustained high intensity stimulation leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and eventually apoptosis. Photoaging caused by ultraviolet radiation is an important stimulus in skin aging. Many studies have focused on oxidative stress, but increasing evidence shows that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays an important role in photoaging. This paper reviews the development and mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in skin photoaging, and provides research directions for targeting the ERS pathway to slow aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Tai
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Ferrara F, Pecorelli A, Pambianchi E, White S, Choudhary H, Casoni A, Valacchi G. Vitamin C compounds mixture prevents skin barrier alterations and inflammatory responses upon real life multi pollutant exposure. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15000. [PMID: 38284201 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous tissues is among the main target of outdoor stressors such as ozone (O3 ), particulate matter (PM), and ultraviolet radiation (UV) all involved in inducing extrinsic skin aging. Only a few reports have studied the multipollutant interaction and its effect on skin damage. In the present work, we intended to evaluate the ability of pollutants such as O3 and PM to further aggravate cutaneous UV damage. In addition, the preventive properties of a cosmeceutical formulation mixture (AOX mix) containing 15% vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid), 1% vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and 0.5% ferulic acid was also investigated. Skin explants obtained from three different subjects were exposed to 200 mJ UV light, 0.25 ppm O3 for 2 h, and 30 min of diesel engine exhaust (DEE), alone or in combination for 4 days (time point D1 and D4). The results showed a clear additive effect of O3 and DEE in combination with UV in terms of keratin 10, Desmocollin and Claudin loss. In addition, the multipollutant exposure significantly induced the inflammatory response measured as NLRP1/ASC co-localization suggesting the activation of the inflammasome machinery. Finally, the loss of Aquaporin3 was also affected by the combined outdoor stressors. Furthermore, daily topical pre-treatment with the AOX Mix significantly prevented the cutaneous changes induced by the multipollutants. In conclusion, this study is among the first to investigate the combined effects of three of the most harmful outdoor stressors on human skin and confirms that daily topical of an antioxidant application may prevent pollution-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Pambianchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Alice Casoni
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Wu HH, Chen MQ, Liu JH, Song LL, Luo DQ, Lu JF, Zhao YK. Combination of fractional carbon dioxide laser with recombinant human collagen in periocular skin rejuvenation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:124-133. [PMID: 37526257 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most visible sign of facial aging is often seen in the periocular area. However, periocular rejuvenation remains challenging due to the particularity of periocular anatomic locations. AIMS We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the fractional-ablative CO2 laser-facilitated recombinant human collagen permeation in periocular rejuvenation. PATIENTS/METHODS This 3-month prospective single-blinded and self-controlled trial enrolled 26 patients with periocular aging who underwent the treatments of fractional-ablative CO2 laser along with laser-facilitated recombinant human collagen permeation. Following the treatments, the patients were quantitatively assessed by various periocular skin aging indices before and after the treatment and monitored for any related adverse events. RESULTS The patients showed significant improvements with the periocular skin aging indices 3 months after the treatments, which were detailed with a 47.3% decrease in lower eyelid skin rhytids, a 41.4% decrease in the lower eyelid skin texture, a 35.0% decrease in the static crow's feet, a 29.3% decrease in the amount of upper eyelid laxity, and a 20.2% increase in the MRD1 as compared with baseline (p < 0.05). Moreover, total skin thickness under ultrasound was increased in both upper and lower eyelids (5.6% and 3.3%, p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, six patients (23.1%, 6/26) had erythema for 2 weeks, and two (2/26, 7.7%) had mild hyperpigmentation for 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Fractional-ablative CO2 laser combined with laser-facilitated recombinant human collagen permeation can be a safe and effective treatment for periocular rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The East Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Qing Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The East Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan-Hua Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The East Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Li Song
- Department of Dermatology, The East Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di-Qing Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The East Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Fa Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yu-Kun Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The East Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Choe C, Pak GJ, Ascencio SM, Darvin ME. Quantification of skin penetration of caffeine and propylene glycol applied topically in a mixture by tailored multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares of depth-resolved Raman spectra. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300146. [PMID: 37556739 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative determination of topically applied substances in the skin is severely limited and represents a challenging task. The porcine skin ex vivo was topically treated with a gel containing caffeine (CF) and propylene glycol (PG), and depth-resolved Raman spectra were recorded with two confocal Raman microscopes. We applied a novel tailored multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares method to the selected spectral regions (512-604 and 778-1148 cm-1 ) of gel-treated skin and quantitatively determined the concentrations of CF and PG in the stratum corneum (SC). The highest concentration of CF (181 mg/cm3 ) was found at the surface, while PG (384 mg/cm3 ) was found at 10% SC depth, indicating the formation of a reservoir at the superficial SC. The concentrations of CF and PG decreased monotonically and reached the detection limit at ≈60% and ≈80% SC depth, respectively, indicating that neither permeate the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunSik Choe
- Biomedical Materials Division, Faculty of Material Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Gyong Jin Pak
- Biomedical Materials Division, Faculty of Material Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Saul Mujica Ascencio
- Photonic Engineering, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (ESIME Zacatenco) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Szabó K, Bolla BS, Erdei L, Balogh F, Kemény L. Are the Cutaneous Microbiota a Guardian of the Skin's Physical Barrier? The Intricate Relationship between Skin Microbes and Barrier Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15962. [PMID: 37958945 PMCID: PMC10647730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is a tightly regulated, balanced interface that maintains our integrity through a complex barrier comprising physical or mechanical, chemical, microbiological, and immunological components. The skin's microbiota affect various properties, one of which is the establishment and maintenance of the physical barrier. This is achieved by influencing multiple processes, including keratinocyte differentiation, stratum corneum formation, and regulation of intercellular contacts. In this review, we summarize the potential contribution of Cutibacterium acnes to these events and outline the contribution of bacterially induced barrier defects to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. With the combined effects of a Westernized lifestyle, microbial dysbiosis, epithelial barrier defects, and inflammation, the development of acne is very similar to that of several other multifactorial diseases of barrier organs (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis). Therefore, the management of acne requires a complex approach, which should be taken into account when designing novel treatments that address not only the inflammatory and microbial components but also the maintenance and strengthening of the cutaneous physical barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Szabó
- HUN-REN-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.B.)
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beáta Szilvia Bolla
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.B.)
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lilla Erdei
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.B.)
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fanni Balogh
- HUN-REN-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.B.)
| | - Lajos Kemény
- HUN-REN-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.S.B.)
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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17
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He X, Gao X, Xie W. Research Progress in Skin Aging, Metabolism, and Related Products. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15930. [PMID: 37958920 PMCID: PMC10647560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, skin aging has received increasing attention. Many factors affect skin aging, and research has shown that metabolism plays a vital role in skin aging, but there needs to be a more systematic review. This article reviews the interaction between skin metabolism and aging from the perspectives of glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism and explores relevant strategies for skin metabolism regulation. We found that skin aging affects the metabolism of three major substances, which are glucose, protein, and lipids, and the metabolism of the three major substances in the skin also affects the process of skin aging. Some drugs or compounds can regulate the metabolic disorders mentioned above to exert anti-aging effects. Currently, there are a variety of products, but most of them focus on improving skin collagen levels. Skin aging is closely related to metabolism, and they interact with each other. Regulating specific metabolic disorders in the skin is an important anti-aging strategy. Research and development have focused on improving collagen levels, while the regulation of other skin glycosylation and lipid disorders including key membrane or cytoskeleton proteins is relatively rare. Further research and development are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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18
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de Boer FL, van der Molen HF, Kezic S. Epidermal biomarkers of the skin barrier in atopic and contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 89:221-229. [PMID: 37571977 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the skin barrier plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. Epidermal biomarkers can aid in evaluating the functionality of the skin barrier and understanding the mechanisms that underlay its impairment. This narrative review provides an overview of recent studies on epidermal biomarkers associated with the function and integrity of the skin barrier, and their application in research on atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. The reviewed studies encompass a wide spectrum of molecular, morphological and biophysical biomarkers, mainly obtained from stratum corneum tape strips and biopsies. Lipids, natural moisturizing factors, and structural proteins are the most frequently reported molecular biomarkers. Additionally, corneocyte surface topography and elasticity show potential as biomarkers for assessing the physical barrier of the skin. In contact dermatitis studies, biomarkers are commonly employed to evaluate skin irritation and differentiate between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. In atopic dermatitis, biomarkers are primarily utilized to identify differences between atopic and healthy skin, for predictive purposes, and monitoring response to therapies. While this overview identifies potential biomarkers for the skin barrier, their validation as epidermal biomarkers for atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis has yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L de Boer
- Public and Occupational Health Department, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H F van der Molen
- Public and Occupational Health Department, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Kezic
- Public and Occupational Health Department, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Ahn M, Cho WW, Lee H, Park W, Lee SH, Back JW, Gao Q, Gao G, Cho DW, Kim BS. Engineering of Uniform Epidermal Layers via Sacrificial Gelatin Bioink-Assisted 3D Extrusion Bioprinting of Skin. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301015. [PMID: 37537366 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
To reconstruct an ideal full-thickness skin model, basal keratinocytes must be distributed as a confluent monolayer on the dermis. However, the currently available extrusion bioprinting method for the skin is limited when producing an air-exposed cellular monolayer because the cells are encapsulated within a bioink. This is the first study to use sacrificial gelatin-assisted extrusion bioprinting to reproduce a uniform and stratified epidermal layer. Experimental analyses of the rheological properties, printability, cell viability, and initial keratinocyte adhesion shows that the optimal gelatin bioink concentration is 4 wt.%. The appropriate thickness of the bioprinted gelatin structure for achieving a confluent keratinocyte layer is determined to be 400 µm. The suggested strategy generates a uniform keratinocyte monolayer with tight junctions throughout the central and peripheral regions, whereas manual seeding generates non-uniform cellular aggregates and vacancies. These results influence gene expression, exhibiting a propensity for epidermal differentiation. Finally, the gelatin-assisted keratinocytes are bioprinted onto a dermis composed of gelatin methacryloyl and dermis-derived decellularized extracellular matrix to establish a full-thickness skin model. Thus, this strategy leads to significant improvements in epidermal differentiation/stratification. The findings demonstrate that the gelatin-assisted approach is advantageous for recreating reliable full-thickness skin models with significant consistency for mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Ahn
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanju Lee
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonbin Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Lee
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Back
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626841, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiqi Gao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ge Gao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626841, Republic of Korea
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20
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Rajkumar J, Chandan N, Lio P, Shi V. The Skin Barrier and Moisturization: Function, Disruption, and Mechanisms of Repair. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 36:174-185. [PMID: 37717558 DOI: 10.1159/000534136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anatomic layers of the skin are well-defined, and a functional model of the skin barrier has recently been described. Barrier disruption plays a key role in several skin conditions, and moisturization is recommended as an initial treatment in conditions such as atopic dermatitis. This review aimed to analyze the skin barrier in the context of the function model, with a focus on the mechanisms by which moisturizers support each of the functional layers of the skin barrier to promote homeostasis and repair. SUMMARY The skin barrier is comprised of four interdependent layers - physical, chemical, microbiologic, and immunologic - which maintain barrier structure and function. Moisturizers target disruption affecting each of these four layers through several mechanisms and were shown to improve transepidermal water loss in several studies. Occlusives, humectants, and emollients occlude the surface of the stratum corneum (SC), draw water from the dermis into the epidermis, and assimilate into the SC, respectively, in order to strengthen the physical skin barrier. Acidic moisturizers bolster the chemical skin barrier by supporting optimal enzymatic function, increasing ceramide production, and facilitating ideal conditions for commensal microorganisms. Regular moisturization may strengthen the immunologic skin barrier by reducing permeability and subsequent allergen penetration and sensitization. KEY MESSAGES The physical, chemical, microbiologic, and immunologic layers of the skin barrier are each uniquely impacted in states of skin barrier disruption. Moisturizers target each of the layers of the skin barrier to maintain homeostasis and facilitate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Rajkumar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Neha Chandan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Lio
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vivian Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Alaska, USA
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Darvin ME. Optical Methods for Non-Invasive Determination of Skin Penetration: Current Trends, Advances, Possibilities, Prospects, and Translation into In Vivo Human Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2272. [PMID: 37765241 PMCID: PMC10538180 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on the penetration depth, pathways, metabolization, storage of vehicles, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and functional cosmetic ingredients (FCIs) of topically applied formulations or contaminants (substances) in skin is of great importance for understanding their interaction with skin targets, treatment efficacy, and risk assessment-a challenging task in dermatology, cosmetology, and pharmacy. Non-invasive methods for the qualitative and quantitative visualization of substances in skin in vivo are favored and limited to optical imaging and spectroscopic methods such as fluorescence/reflectance confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); two-photon tomography (2PT) combined with autofluorescence (2PT-AF), fluorescence lifetime imaging (2PT-FLIM), second-harmonic generation (SHG), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and reflectance confocal microscopy (2PT-RCM); three-photon tomography (3PT); confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM); surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) micro-spectroscopy; stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy; and optical coherence tomography (OCT). This review summarizes the state of the art in the use of the CLSM, 2PT, 3PT, CRM, SERS, SRS, and OCT optical methods to study skin penetration in vivo non-invasively (302 references). The advantages, limitations, possibilities, and prospects of the reviewed optical methods are comprehensively discussed. The ex vivo studies discussed are potentially translatable into in vivo measurements. The requirements for the optical properties of substances to determine their penetration into skin by certain methods are highlighted.
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22
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Çetinarslan T, Kümper L, Fölster-Holst R. The immunological and structural epidermal barrier dysfunction and skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis-an update. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1159404. [PMID: 37654796 PMCID: PMC10467310 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1159404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease with various clinical presentations and combinations of symptoms. The pathophysiology of AD is complex and multifactorial. There are several factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of AD including structural and immunological epidermal barrier defect, imbalance of the skin microbiome, genetic background and environmental factors. Alterations in structural proteins, lipids, proteases, and their inhibitors, lead to the impairment of the stratum corneum which is associated with the increased skin penetration and transepidermal water loss. The elevated serum immunoglobulin E levels and blood eosinophilia have been shown in the majority of AD patients. Type 2 T-helper cell immune pathway with increased expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, has an important role in the etiopathogenesis of AD. Both T cells and keratinocytes contribute to epidermal barrier impairment in AD via a dynamic interaction of cytokines and chemokines. The skin microbiome is another factor of relevance in the etiopathogenesis of AD. It has been shown that during AD flares, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization increased, while Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) decreased. On the contrary, S. epidermidis and species of Streptococcus, Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium increased during the remision phases. However, it is not clear whether skin dysbiosis is one of the symptoms or one of the causes of AD. There are several therapeutic options, targeting these pathways which play a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of AD. Although topical steroids are the mainstay of the treatment of AD, new biological therapies including IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31 inhibitors, as well as Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), increasingly gain more importance with new advances in the therapy of AD. In this review, we summarize the role of immunological and structural epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune abnormalities, impairment of lipids, filaggrin mutation and skin microbiome in the etiopathogenesis of AD, as well as the therapeutic options for AD and their effects on these abnormalities in AD skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tubanur Çetinarslan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye
| | - Lisa Kümper
- MEDICE Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH and Co. KG, Iserlohn, Germany
| | - Regina Fölster-Holst
- Department of Dermatology-Venereology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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23
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Lu W, Luo D, Chen D, Zhang S, Chen X, Zhou H, Liu Q, Chen S, Liu W. Systematic Study of Paeonol/Madecassoside Co-Delivery Nanoemulsion Transdermal Delivery System for Enhancing Barrier Repair and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy. Molecules 2023; 28:5275. [PMID: 37446936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitive skin is defined as skin with low tolerance and high reactivity. Natural products, such as paeoniflorin and madecassoside, have unique skin care functionality. However, because they are hampered by the skin barrier, paeoniflorin and madecassoside have difficulty penetrating the stratum corneum, resulting in weakened skin barrier repair and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, there is a lack of detailed studies on the efficacy of paeonol and madecassic in human skin, especially in 3D skin models and clinical trials. To overcome the low transdermal delivery issue, we developed nanoemulsions (PM-NEs) loaded with paeonol and madecassoside to improve their delivery efficiency and promote sensitive skin repair and anti-inflammation effects. Furthermore, systematic evaluations of the efficacy in cell line models, 3D skin models, and clinical trials were conducted. The PM-NEs effectively improved the efficacy of paeonol and madecassoside glucoside transdermal penetration and retention and enhanced cellular uptake. Cellular assays and 3D epidermal models showed that the PM-NEs significantly promoted the secretion of filamentous protein, aquaporin 3, Claudin-1, and hyaluronic acid, and considerably inhibited the secretion of interleukin 1α, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2 compared to free components. Notably, clinical trial data showed that the PM-NEs significantly reduced transepidermal water loss, a* values, erythropoietin, the amount of non-inflammatory acne, and the amount of inflammatory acne in the facial skin. Three levels of systematic studies suggest that co-delivery of paeoniflorin and madecassoside via nanoemulsions is a promising strategy to improve topical delivery efficiency and anti-inflammatory repair efficacy in sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Lu
- Guangzhou Jiyan Cosmetics Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dan Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Dan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangzhou Jiyan Cosmetics Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Sung JH, Kim JJ. Recent advances in in vitro skin-on-a-chip models for drug testing. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37379024 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2227379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The skin is an organ that has the largest surface area and provides a barrier against external environment. While providing protection, it also interacts with other organs in the body and has implications in various diseases. Development of physiologically realistic in vitro models of the skin in the context of the whole body is important for studying these diseases, and will be a valuable tool for pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industry. AREA COVERED This article covers the basic background in skin structure, physiology, as well as drug metabolism in the skin, and dermatological diseases. We summarize various in vitro skin models currently available, and novel in vitro models based on organ-on-a-chip technology. We also explain the concept of multi-organ-on-a-chip and describe recent developments in this field aimed at recapitulating the interaction of the skin with other organs in the body. EXPERT OPINION Recent development in the organ-on-a-chip field has enabled the development of in vitro model systems that resemble human skin more closely than conventional models. In near future, we will be seeing various model systems that allow researchers to study complex diseases in a more mechanistic manner, which will help the development of new pharmaceuticals for such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Ling J, Du Y, Sheng Y, Wang W, Wu H, Chen G, Lv H. Influence of cryopreservation methods of ex vivo rat and pig skin on the results of in vitro permeation test. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00157-1. [PMID: 37327914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro permeation test (IVPT) is a frequently used method for in vitro assessment of topical preparations and transdermal drug delivery systems. However, the storage of ex vivo skin for IVPT remains a challenge. Here, two cryopreservation media were chosen to preserve rat and pig skin at -20 °C and -80 °C for further IVPT, namely, 10% DMSO and 10% GLY. The skin viability test confirmed that the skin protective capacity of 10% DMSO and 10% GLY was almost equal. The results of skin viability and IVPT showed that the skin viability and permeability of rat skin in 10%DMSO or 10% GLY were maintained for at least 7 and 30 days at -20 °C and -80 °C compared to fresh skin, respectively; in contrast, those of porcine skin were just maintained for less than 7 days at -20 °C and -80 °C. These results indicated that ex vivo skin for IVPT preserved at -80 °C in 10% DMSO or 10% GLY was optimal. Furthermore, skin permeability was independent of skin barrier integrity. Our study provides reference conditions for preserving IVPT skin, and skin viability can be a potential indicator of IVPT skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ling
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuze Sheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weiqin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hangyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Huixia Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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26
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Singpanna K, Pornpitchanarong C, Patrojanasophon P, Rojanarata T, Ngawhirunpat T, Kevin Li S, Opanasopit P. Chitosan capped-gold nanoparticles as skin penetration enhancer for small molecules: A study in porcine skin. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123034. [PMID: 37172630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Skin is considered one of the most convenient sites for drug administration. The present study evaluated the effect of gold nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan (CS-AuNPs) and citrate ions (Ci-AuNPs) on skin permeation of sodium fluorescein (NaFI) and rhodamine b base (RhB) as small model hydrophilic and lipophilic permeants, respectively. CS-AuNPs and Ci-AuNPs were characterized by transmitted electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Skin permeation was investigated using porcine skin with diffusion cells and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The CS-AuNPs and Ci-AuNPs were spherical-shaped nanosized particles (38.4±0.7 and 32.2±0.7 nm, respectively). The zeta potential of CS-AuNPs was positive (+30.7±1.2 mV) whereas that of Ci-AuNPs was negative (-60.2±0.4 mV). The skin permeation study revealed that CS-AuNPs could enhance the permeation of NaFI with enhancement ratio (ER) of 38.2±7.5, and the effect was superior to that of Ci-AuNPs. CLSM visualization suggested that skin permeation was enhanced by improving the delivery through the transepidermal pathway. However, the permeability of RhB, a lipophilic molecule, was not significantly affected by CS-AuNPs and Ci-AuNPs. Moreover, CS-AuNPs had no cytotoxic toward human skin fibroblast cells. Therefore, CS-AuNPs are a promising skin permeation enhancer of small polar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Singpanna
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Chaiyakarn Pornpitchanarong
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Prasopchai Patrojanasophon
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Theerasak Rojanarata
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - S Kevin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand.
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27
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Wang C, Shang H, Zhang S, Wang X, Liu D, Shen M, Li N, Jiang Y, Wei K, Zhu R. Hexavalent chromium disrupts the skin barrier by targeting ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway apoptosis in keratinocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 379:110523. [PMID: 37146930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a toxic heavy metal, is ubiquitous in daily life. Exposure to this toxic substance in occupational settings can cause dermatitis and cancer. As the body's largest organ, the skin plays a crucial role in protecting the organism against external aggressions. While previous studies have focused on the effects of Cr(VI) on skin inflammation, this study investigates the potential toxicity of Cr(VI) from the skin barrier and integrity perspective. The in vivo results of this study showed that mice exposed to Cr(VI) experienced skin deterioration and hemorrhaging, as well as a reduction in the thickness of the collagen fiber layer. TUNEL and Occludin staining results revealed that Cr(VI)'s toxicity primarily targeted keratinocytes. Experiments in vitro demonstrated that Cr(VI) treatment decreased the activity of HaCaT cells, altered cell morphology, and increased LDH secretion. Further research revealed that Cr(VI) could modify membrane permeability, impair membrane integrity, and reduce the protein expression of ZO-1 and Occludin. In addition, it was discovered that Cr(VI) promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited AKT activation. However, the addition of a caspase inhibitor and an AKT activator prevented Cr(VI)-induced injury to the cell membrane barrier, indicating that apoptosis plays a crucial role in this process. The addition of three apoptotic pathway inhibitors, confirmed that Cr(VI) damaged the cell barrier through ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway apoptosis. Moreover, the use of a ROS inhibitor significantly reduced Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis and cell barrier injury. In conclusion, this study provides an experimental foundation for the treatment of skin injury caused by Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Hongqi Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ning Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yunxuan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
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Wang Z, Wang Q, Zhong W, Liang F, Guo Y, Wang Y, Wang Z. Moisturizing and Antioxidant Effects of Artemisia argyi Essence Liquid in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076809. [PMID: 37047782 PMCID: PMC10095007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia argyi essence liquid (AL) is an aqueous solution extracted from A. argyi using CO2 supercritical fluid extraction. There have been few investigations on the aqueous solution of A. argyi extracted via CO2 supercritical fluid extraction. This study aimed to explore the moisturizing and antioxidant effects of AL and to clarify the potential mechanism underlying those effects. Expression levels of skin moisture-related components and the H2O2-induced oxidative stress responses in human keratinocyte cells were measured via quantitative RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Our results showed that AL enhanced the expression of AQP3 and HAS2 by activating the EGFR-mediated STAT3 and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, AL can play an antioxidant role by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, consequently increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes (GPX1, SOD2) and decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study revealed that AL could be used as a potential moisturizing and antioxidant cosmetic ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenshen Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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29
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Kim WH, Kim JE, Kim S, Na Y, Hong YD, Choi J, Park WS, Shim SM. Bioconversion of BIOGF1K, a compound-K-rich fraction from ginseng root and its effect on epidermal barrier function. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14803. [PMID: 37025761 PMCID: PMC10070716 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BIOGF1K, the ginseng root-based and hydrolyzed ginsenoside-rich fraction, is known to improve skin damage, but there are rare studies on the kinetic of ginsenosides in the epidermis and their effects on epidermal barrier function. The current study investigated the effect of BIOGF1K on epidermal barrier function and its kinetics on epidermal transport. HPLC and LC/MS were used to verify the ginsenosides and the metabolites of BIOGF1K. Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and epidermis-dermis artificial skin were treated with BIOGF1K and their metabolites were analyzed by HPLC and LC/MS. The epidermal barrier function was evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). In BIOGF1K, ginsenoside Rg1, Rd, F1, F2, compound Mc, compound Y (CY), and compound K (CK) were detected and CK and CY were the most and second abundant ginsenosides. TEER of HaCaT with 100 and 200 μg/mL BIOGF1K treatment was significantly higher than the control during 600 min of incubation. CK was permeated to the epidermis in a time-dependent manner and its maximum transported rate was observed at 600 min. In the case of artificial skin, CY and CK were permeated to the epidermis-dermis skin as time-dependent. Also, 24 h after treatment of CY, CK was detected as 19.59% of CY. It was proposed that CY was hydrolyzed into CK while permeating the epidermis. Results from the current study suggest that bioconversion of BIOGF1K rich in CK effectively enhances epidermal barrier function and it could be a useful cosmeceutical to exhibit its functionality to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Sehyun Kim
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yongjoo Na
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Hong
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Joonho Choi
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Won-Seok Park
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Corresponding author.
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 05006, South Korea
- Corresponding author.
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Suzuki K, Yamaga K, Tokumasu R, Katsuno T, Tanaka H, Chiba S, Yagi T, Katayama I, Tamura A, Murota H, Tsukita S. Double mutation of claudin‐1 and claudin‐3 causes alopecia in infant mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1523:51-61. [PMID: 37002535 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles (HFs) undergo cyclic phases of growth, regression, and rest in association with hair shafts to maintain the hair coat. Nonsense mutations in the tight junction protein claudin (CLDN)-1 cause hair loss in humans. Therefore, we evaluated the roles of CLDNs in hair retention. Among the 27 CLDN family members, CLDN1, CLDN3, CLDN4, CLDN6, and CLDN7 were expressed in the inner bulge layer, isthmus, and sebaceous gland of murine HFs. Hair phenotypes were observed in Cldn1 weaker knockdown and Cldn3-knockout (Cldn1Δ/Δ Cldn3-/- ) mice. Although hair growth was normal, Cldn1Δ/Δ Cldn3-/- mice showed striking hair loss in the first telogen. Simultaneous deficiencies in CLDN1 and CLDN3 caused abnormalities in telogen HFs, such as an aberrantly layered architecture of epithelial cell sheets in bulges with multiple cell layers, mislocalization of bulges adjacent to sebaceous glands, and dilated hair canals. Along with the telogen HF abnormalities, which shortened the hair retention period, there was an enhanced proliferation of the epithelium surrounding HFs in Cldn1Δ/Δ Cldn3-/- mice, causing accelerated hair regrowth in adults. Our findings suggested that CLDN1 and CLDN3 may regulate hair retention in infant mice by maintaining the appropriate layered architecture of HFs, a deficiency of which can lead to alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Suzuki
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization Teikyo University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamaga
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Osaka Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Reitaro Tokumasu
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization Teikyo University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsuno
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Osaka Japan
- Center for Anatomical, Pathological and Forensic Medical Researches Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
- KOKORO‐Biology Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroo Tanaka
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization Teikyo University Tokyo Japan
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Osaka Japan
- Department of Pharmacology Teikyo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Shuhei Chiba
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Osaka Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- KOKORO‐Biology Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan
- Department of Pigmentation Research and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization Teikyo University Tokyo Japan
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Osaka Japan
- Department of Pharmacology Teikyo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan
- Department of Dermatology Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization Teikyo University Tokyo Japan
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Osaka Japan
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Nguyen HLT, Peng G, Trujillo-Paez JV, Yue H, Ikutama R, Takahashi M, Umehara Y, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ikeda S, Niyonsaba F. The Antimicrobial Peptide AMP-IBP5 Suppresses Dermatitis-like Lesions in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis through the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065200. [PMID: 36982275 PMCID: PMC10049508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide derived from insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (AMP-IBP5) exhibits antimicrobial activities and immunomodulatory functions in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. However, its role in regulating skin barrier function remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of AMP-IBP5 on the skin barrier and its role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene was used to induce AD-like skin inflammation. Transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability assays were used to investigate tight junction (TJ) barrier function in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and mice. AMP-IBP5 increased the expression of TJ-related proteins and their distribution along the intercellular borders. AMP-IBP5 also improved TJ barrier function through activation of the atypical protein kinase C and Rac1 pathways. In AD mice, AMP-IBP5 ameliorated dermatitis-like symptoms restored the expression of TJ-related proteins, suppressed the expression of inflammatory and pruritic cytokines, and improved skin barrier function. Interestingly, the ability of AMP-IBP5 to alleviate inflammation and improve skin barrier function in AD mice was abolished in mice treated with an antagonist of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) receptor. Collectively, these findings indicate that AMP-IBP5 may ameliorate AD-like inflammation and enhance skin barrier function through LRP1, suggesting a possible role for AMP-IBP5 in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le Thanh Nguyen
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ge Peng
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Juan Valentin Trujillo-Paez
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hainan Yue
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Risa Ikutama
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miho Takahashi
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshie Umehara
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591; Fax: +81-3-3813-5512
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de Dios Andres P, Städler B. Micromotor-Assisted Keratinocytes Migration in a Floating Paper Chip. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2201251. [PMID: 35694770 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In vitro epidermis models are important to evaluate and study disease progression and possible dermal drug delivery. An in vitro epidermis model using floating paper chips as a scaffold for proliferation and differentiation of primary human keratinocytes is reported. The formation of the four main layers of the epidermis (i.e., basal, spinosum, granulose, and cornified layers) is confirmed. The development of a cornified layer and the tight junction formation are evaluated as well as the alterations of organelles during the differentiation process. Further, this in vitro model is used to assess keratinocyte migration. Finally, magnetic micromotors are assembled, and their ability to aid cell migration on paper chips is confirmed when a static magnetic field is present. Taken together, this attempt to combine bottom-up synthetic biology with dermatology offers interesting opportunities for studying skin disease pathologies and evaluate possible treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula de Dios Andres
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
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Th2 Cytokines Affect the Innate Immune Barrier without Impairing the Physical Barrier in a 3D Model of Normal Human Skin. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051941. [PMID: 36902728 PMCID: PMC10003590 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases characterized by T helper (Th) 2 and Th22 cells producing interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 and IL-22, respectively. The specific contribution of each cytokine to the impairment of the physical and the immune barrier via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is poorly addressed concerning the epidermal compartment of the skin. (2) Methods: The effect of IL-4, IL-13, IL-22, and the master cytokine IL-23 is evaluated in a 3D model of normal human skin biopsies (n = 7) at the air-liquid interface for 24 and 48 h. We investigated by immunofluorescence the expressions of (i) claudin-1, zonula occludens (ZO)-1 filaggrin, involucrin for the physical barrier and (ii) TLR2, 4, 7, 9, human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2) for the immune barrier. (3) Results: Th2 cytokines induce spongiosis and fail in impairing tight junction composition, while IL-22 reduces and IL-23 induces claudin-1 expression. IL-4 and IL-13 affect the TLR-mediated barrier largely than IL-22 and IL-23. IL-4 early inhibits hBD-2 expression, while IL-22 and IL-23 induce its distribution. (4) Conclusions: This experimental approach looks to the pathogenesis of AD through molecular epidermal proteins rather than cytokines only and paves the way for tailored patient therapy.
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Katsarou S, Makris M, Vakirlis E, Gregoriou S. The Role of Tight Junctions in Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041538. [PMID: 36836073 PMCID: PMC9967084 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tight junctions are transmembrane proteins that regulate the permeability of water, solutes including ions, and water-soluble molecules. The objective of this systematic review is to focus on the current knowledge regarding the role of tight junctions in atopic dermatitis and the possible impact on their therapeutic potential. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library between 2009 and 2022. After evaluation of the literature and taking into consideration their content, 55 articles were finally included. RESULTS TJs' role in atopic dermatitis extends from a microscopic scale to having macroscopic effects, such as increased susceptibility to pathogens and infections and worsening of atopic dermatitis features. Impaired TJ barrier function and skin permeability in AD lesions is correlated with cldn-1 levels. Th2 inflammation inhibits the expression of cldn-1 and cldn-23. Scratching has also been reported to decrease cldn-1 expression. Dysfunctional TJs' interaction with Langerhans cells could increase allergen penetration. Susceptibility to cutaneous infections in AD patients could also be affected by TJ cohesion. CONCLUSIONS Dysfunction of TJs and their components, especially claudins, have a significant role in the pathogenesis and vicious circle of inflammation in AD. Discovering more basic science data regarding TJ functionality may be the key for the use of specific/targeted therapies in order to improve epidermal barrier function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula Katsarou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Syggros Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael Makris
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Allergy Unit, 12461 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Vakirlis
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Gregoriou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Syggros Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Zhang B, Luo P, Sun J, Li D, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhao H, Li Z, Xie X, Yang J, Shen C. The Epidermal Barrier Structure and Function of Re-Harvested Skin from Non-Scalp Donor Sites. J INVEST SURG 2023; 36:1-7. [DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2146318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxing Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhu Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqing Zhao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhisheng Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Xie
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiu Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan’an Shen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lee WH, Rho JG, Yang Y, Lee S, Kweon S, Kim HM, Yoon J, Choi H, Lee E, Kim SH, You S, Song Y, Oh YS, Kim H, Han HS, Han JH, Jung M, Park YH, Choi YS, Han S, Lee J, Choi S, Kim JW, Park JH, Lee EK, Song WK, Kim E, Kim W. Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles as a Topical Agent for Treating Psoriasis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20057-20074. [PMID: 36373736 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although conventional topical approaches for treating psoriasis have been offered as an alternative, there are still unmet medical needs such as low skin-penetrating efficacy and off-target adverse effects. A hyaluronic acid nanoparticle (HA-NP) formed by self-assembly of HA-hydrophobic moiety conjugates has been broadly studied as a nanocarrier for long-term and target-specific delivery of drugs, owing to their excellent physicochemical and biological characteristics. Here, we identify HA-NPs as topical therapeutics for treating psoriasis using in vivo skin penetration studies and psoriasis animal models. Transcutaneously administered HA-NPs were found to be accumulated and associated with pro-inflammatory macrophages in the inflamed dermis of a psoriasis mouse model. Importantly, HA-NP exerted potent therapeutic efficacy against psoriasis-like skin dermatitis in a size-dependent manner by suppressing innate immune responses and restoring skin barrier function without overt toxicity signs. The therapeutic efficacy of HA-NPs on psoriasis-like skin dermatitis was due to the outermost hydrophilic HA shell layer of HA-NPs, independent of the molecular weight of HA and hydrophobic moiety, and comparable with that of other conventional psoriasis therapeutics widely used in the clinical settings. Overall, HA-NPs have the potential as a topical nanomedicine for treating psoriasis effectively and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Gi Rho
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
- Pharmaceutical Institute, FromBIO, Suwon16681, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeyoung Yang
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulbi Lee
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohui Kweon
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Mo Kim
- KIURI Research Center, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseo Choi
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ha Kim
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee You
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Song
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Oh
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Kim
- GIST Central Research Facilities, Bio Imaging Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Seung Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Han
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongwoo Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Park
- KIURI Research Center, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Seon Choi
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyoung Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Pharmaceutical Institute, FromBIO, Suwon16681, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Keun Song
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Kim
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
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Comparative Analysis of mRNA and miRNA Expression between Dermal Papilla Cells and Hair Matrix Cells of Hair Follicles in Yak. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243985. [PMID: 36552749 PMCID: PMC9776824 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and epidermal hair matrix cells (HMCs) of hair follicles (HFs) is crucial for the growth and development of HFs, but the molecular mechanism is complex and remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the key signaling molecules for cellular communication. In this study, the DPCs and HMCs of yak were isolated and cultured, and the differentially expressed mRNA and miRNA were characterized to analyze the molecular basis of the interaction between DPCs and HMCs during hair follicle (HF) development in yak. The mRNA differential expression and functional enrichment analysis revealed that there were significant differences between DPCs and HMCs, and they showed the molecular functional characteristics of dermal cells and epidermal cells, respectively. Multiple KEGG pathways related to HF development were enriched in the highly expressed genes in DPCs, while the pathways associated with microbiota and immunity were significantly enriched in the highly expressed genes in HMCs. By combining analysis with our previous 10× genomics single-cell transcriptome data, 39 marker genes of DPCs of yak were identified. A total of 123 relatively specifically expressed miRNAs were screened; among these, the miRNAs associated with HF development such as miR-143, miR-214, miR-125b, miR-31, and miR-200 were presented. In conclusion, the large changes in yak DPCs and HMCs for both mRNA and miRNA expression were revealed, and numerous specifically expressed mRNAs and miRNAs in DPCs or HMCs were identified, which may contribute to the interaction and cellular communication between DPCs and HMCs during HF development in yak.
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Kim N, Lee S, Lee S, Kang J, Choi Y, Park J, Park C, Khang D, Kim S. Portable Cold Atmospheric Plasma Patch-Mediated Skin Anti-Inflammatory Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202800. [PMID: 36180414 PMCID: PMC9731685 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Although plasma is a promising technology in various fields, its clinical application is restricted by several limitations. A cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) patch is fabricated to help overcome hurdles, especially when treating skin diseases. This patch has surface dielectric barrier discharge, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) on a flexible polymer film surface on which the embedded electrode induces a locally strong electric field. The effect of the CAP patch on psoriasis is also evaluated. The distinct characteristics of psoriasis between the lesion and non-lesion area allow the CAP patch to be suitable for only lesion area for its treatment. The CAP patch induces the opening of calcium channels in keratinocytes, thereby restoring abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and the collapse of the tight junction; thus, alleviating psoriatic symptoms. In addition, the favorable effect is due to the induction of ROS/RNS by the CAP patch, not the electric field generated during plasma generation. The findings indicate that the proposed portable CAP patch can help treat inflammatory skin disorders, especially psoriasis. As this can be used easily as a combination therapy with existing drugs, it may help reduce side effects caused by existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namkyung Kim
- Cell & Matrix Research InstituteDepartment of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41944South Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Department of Nano‐Bio ConvergenceNano Surface Materials DivisionKorea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon51508South Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyJeongeup56212South Korea
| | - Jinjoo Kang
- Cell & Matrix Research InstituteDepartment of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41944South Korea
| | - Young‐Ae Choi
- Cell & Matrix Research InstituteDepartment of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41944South Korea
| | - Jeongsu Park
- Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGachon UniversityIncheon21999South Korea
| | - Chul‐Kyu Park
- Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGachon UniversityIncheon21999South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGachon UniversityIncheon21999South Korea
| | - Sang‐Hyun Kim
- Cell & Matrix Research InstituteDepartment of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41944South Korea
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Fujikawa M, Sugimoto H, Tamura R, Fujikawa K, Yamagishi A, Ueda Y. Effects of mucopolysaccharide polysulphate on tight junction barrier in human epidermal keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1676-1684. [PMID: 35770317 PMCID: PMC9796026 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) play important roles in epidermal barrier function and their dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). Mucopolysaccharide polysulphate (MPS) is the active ingredient of a moisturizing agent used to treat xerosis in patients with AD; however, its mechanism of action on TJ barrier function remains unclear. To elucidate the effects of MPS on TJs, adult human epidermal keratinocyte (HEKa) cells were exposed to MPS, subjected to Western blotting and quantitative PCR analyses for the investigation of TJ-related factors. MPS treatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1 (CLDN1) and zonula occludens-1, and significantly increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), which indicates TJ integrity. Conversely, the sulphated and non-sulphated glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid, respectively, had little effect on TEER or the expression of mRNAs or TJ-related proteins. Interestingly, MPS treatment also inactivated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling pathway, which is known to negatively regulate CLDN1 expression. Furthermore, MPS notably improved the reduction in CLDN1 expression and TEER caused by histamine, which is upregulated in the skin of patients with AD and is known to disrupt the TJ barrier function. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that treatment with the moisturizing agent, MPS, can repair TJ dysfunction and could therefore represent a new therapeutic option for treating patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rie Tamura
- Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd.KyotoJapan
| | | | | | - Yuhki Ueda
- Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd.KyotoJapan
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Kim YK, Lee J, Kim HY, Kim SH, Hwang JH, Suh HN. Key factors to establish the ovalbumin-induced atopic dermatitis minipig model: age and body weight. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:32. [PMID: 36266672 PMCID: PMC9585725 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given its similar structure and immune response to the human skin, porcine is a good model for dermal studies. Here, we sensitized ovalbumin (Ova) on minipig back skin for 2–4 weeks to induce chronic atopic dermatitis (AD). Results Gross observation, serum cytokine level, epidermal thickness, and epidermal integrity did not change after 4 weeks of Ova induction compared with the control, indicating AD modeling failure. Only the neutrophils in the blood and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid changed slightly until 3 or 2 weeks after Ova sensitization, respectively. The successful and failed Ova-induced AD minipig models only differ in age and body weight of the minipigs. The minipigs, 12 months old with a 30-kg median weight, had a two-fold thicker dermis than minipigs 8–10 months old, with an 18.97-kg median weight, resulting in impaired Ova permeability and immune response. Conclusion Age and body weight are key factors that should be considered when developing an Ova-induced AD minipig model. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42826-022-00141-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kyu Kim
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-gil, 56212, Jeongeup, Jellabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - JuKyung Lee
- Department of Medical IT Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 39177, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Young Kim
- Human Health Risk Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-gil, 56212, Jeongeup, Jellabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Human Health Risk Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-gil, 56212, Jeongeup, Jellabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-gil, 56212, Jeongeup, Jellabuk-do, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-gil, 56212, Jeongeup, Jellabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Na Suh
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-gil, 56212, Jeongeup, Jellabuk-do, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-gil, 56212, Jeongeup, Jellabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Mohamad J, Samuelov L, Assaf S, Malki L, Malovitski K, Meijers O, Adir N, Granot E, Pavlovsky M, Sarig O, Sprecher E. Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis caused by a pathogenic missense variant in CLDN1. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2879-2887. [PMID: 35920354 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) refers to a large and genetically heterogenous group of non-syndromic disorders of cornification featuring diffuse scaling. Ichthyosis, leukocyte vacuoles, alopecia, and sclerosing cholangitis (ILVASC) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive syndromic form of ichthyosis. The disease usually results from premature termination codon-causing pathogenic variants in CLDN1 encoding CLAUDIN-1 (CLDN1). We used whole exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, 3D protein modeling, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy to delineate the genetic basis of ichthyosis in two siblings with ichthyosis but no other ectodermal abnormalities. One of the two siblings underwent liver transplantation in early childhood due to biliary atresia. Both patients were found to carry a homozygous missense pathogenic variant, c.242G>A (p.Arg81His), in CLDN1. The variant resulted in decreased CLDN1 expression in patient skin. 3D protein modeling predicted that p.Arg81His induces deleterious conformational changes. Accordingly, HaCaT cells transfected with a construct expressing the mutant CLDN1 cDNA featured decreased levels and mislocation of CLDN1 as compared with cells expressing the wildtype cDNA. In conclusion, we describe the first pathogenic missense variant in CLDN1 shown to result in ARCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janan Mohamad
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Samuelov
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sari Assaf
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Malki
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kiril Malovitski
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Odile Meijers
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Adir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Mor Pavlovsky
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Phatale V, Vaiphei KK, Jha S, Patil D, Agrawal M, Alexander A. Overcoming skin barriers through advanced transdermal drug delivery approaches. J Control Release 2022; 351:361-380. [PMID: 36169040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Upon exhaustive research, the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has appeared as a potential, well-accepted, and popular approach to a novel drug delivery system. Ease of administration, easy handling, minimum systemic exposure, least discomfort, broad flexibility and tunability, controlled release, prolonged therapeutic effect, and many more perks make it a promising approach for effective drug delivery. Although, the primary challenge associated is poor skin permeability. Skin is an intact barrier that serves as a primary defense mechanism to preclude any foreign particle's entry into the body. Owing to the unique anatomical framework, i.e., compact packing of stratum corneum with tight junction and fast anti-inflammatory responses, etc., emerged as a critical physiological barrier for TDDS. Fusion with other novel approaches like nanocarriers, specially designed transdermal delivery devices, permeation enhancers, etc., can overcome the limitations. Utilizing such strategies, some of the products are under clinical trials, and many are under investigation. This review explores all dimensions that overcome poor permeability and allows the drug to attain maximum potential. The article initially compiles fundamental features, components, and design of TDDS, followed by critical aspects and various methods, including in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo methods of assessing skin permeability. The work primarily aimed to highlight the recent advancement in novel strategies for effective transdermal drug delivery utilizing active methods like iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, microneedle, needleless jet injection, etc., and passive methods such as the use of liposomes, SLN, NLC, micro/nanoemulsions, dendrimers, transferosomes, and many more nanocarriers. In all, this compilation will provide a recent insight on the novel updates along with basic concepts, the current status of clinical development, and challenges for the clinical translation of TDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Phatale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Changsari, Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Klaudi K Vaiphei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Changsari, Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Shikha Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Changsari, Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Changsari, Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Hyderabad 509301, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Changsari, Guwahati 781101, India.
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Siemiradzka W, Bułaś L, Dolińska B. Permeation of albumin through the skin depending on its concentration and the substrate used in simulated conditions in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113722. [PMID: 36152412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many drugs applied to the skin with a systemic effect do not have a therapeutic effect, due to the barrier posed by the complex structure of the skin. To counteract this, absorption promoters are often added to the drug formulation. The use of albumin as an effective drug carrier is increasingly being addressed. Albumin, a natural, non-toxic polymer, can target drugs to specific cells and extend their biological half-life. This study was designed to trace the permeation of albumin after topical administration to the skin as a potential carrier of therapeutic substances. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four dermal formulations based on different polymers were prepared: methyl cellulose, sodium alginate, hypromellose and chitosan with methyl cellulose, obtaining final concentrations of albumin of 2%, 1.5% and 1%. The permeation of albumin through the skin was examined under simulated in vivo conditions. RESULTS Most albumin permeated from the methylcellulose-based hydrogel. Depending on the concentration of albumin, permeation profiles were plotted and permeation rate constant and AUC(0-24 h) were calculated. CONCLUSION Methylcellulose was the optimal polymer for albumin release, whereas hypromellose was the least favorable. The concentration of albumin influences the amount and rate of permeation of this protein. The optimal concentration was 10 mg/g, from which the most albumin penetrated and the fastest. Human skin appeared to be more permeable to albumin than pig skin. However, the similar permeation profile through both membranes successfully allows the use of pig skin to track and evaluate the permeation of therapeutic substances with systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Siemiradzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Lucyna Bułaś
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Barbara Dolińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Zhang T, Huang S, Qiu J, Wu X, Yuan H, Park S. Beneficial Effect of Gastrodia elata Blume and Poria cocos Wolf Administration on Acute UVB Irradiation by Alleviating Inflammation through Promoting the Gut-Skin Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810833. [PMID: 36142744 PMCID: PMC9504230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds in some herbs can, directly and indirectly, protect against photoaging. We evaluated the effects of Gastrodia elata Blume (GE) and Poria cocos Wolf (PC) water extracts on ultraviolet (UV) B-induced skin lesions by acute UVB exposure in ICR mice and explored their mechanism of action. After removing the hair on the back of the mice, UVB (280–310 nm) was exposed to the back for 30 min to induce skin damage. Four UVB exposure groups were divided into the following according to the local application (1,3-butanediol extract) on the dorsal skin and oral intake (0.3 g water extract/kg body weight/day): 1,3-butanediol and cellulose(control; UV-Con), retinoic acid (positive-control; UV-Positive), PC extracts (UV-PC), and GE extracts (UV-GE). The fifth group had no UVB exposure with the same treatment as the UV-Con (Normal-control). The erythema, burns, erosion, and wounds of the UV-PC and UV-PC groups were alleviated, and the most significant improvements occurred in the UV-PC group. PC and GE reduced the thickness of the dorsal skin tissue, the penetration of mast cells, and malondialdehyde contents. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-13, and IL-4, inflammatory factors, were also reduced significantly in the dorsal skin of the UV-PC and UV-GE groups. UV-PC, UV-GE, and UV-Positive showed improvements in UV-induced intestinal tissue inflammation. UV-Con deteriorated the intestinal morphology, and PC and GE alleviated it. The α-diversity of the fecal microbiota decreased in the UV-control, and UV-PC and UV-GE prevented the decrease. Fecal metagenome analysis revealed increased propionate biosynthesis in the UV-PC group but decreased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in the UV-PC and UV-GE groups compared to UV-Con. In conclusion, the local application and intake of PC and GE had significant therapeutic effects on acute UV-induced skin damage by reducing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, potentially promoting the gut-microbiota-gut-skin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Shaokai Huang
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Jingyi Qiu
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Heng Yuan
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5345; Fax: +82-41-548-0670
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Man M, Wakefield JS, Mauro TM, Elias PM. Alterations in epidermal function in type 2 diabetes: Implications for the management of this disease. J Diabetes 2022; 14:586-595. [PMID: 36043448 PMCID: PMC9512766 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal function is regulated by numerous exogenous and endogenous factors, including age, psychological stress, certain skin disorders, ultraviolet irradiation and pollution, and epidermal function itself can regulate cutaneous and extracutaneous functions. The biophysical properties of the stratum corneum reflect the status of both epidermal function and systemic conditions. Type 2 diabetes in both murine models and humans displays alterations in epidermal functions, including reduced levels of stratum corneum hydration and increased epidermal permeability as well as delayed permeability barrier recovery, which can all provoke and exacerbate cutaneous inflammation. Because inflammation plays a pathogenic role in type 2 diabetes, a therapy that improves epidermal functions could be an alternative approach to mitigating type 2 diabetes and its associated cutaneous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao‐Qiang Man
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Dermatology ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joan S. Wakefield
- Dermatology ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Theodora M. Mauro
- Dermatology ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Dermatology ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Choi JK, Park JY, Lee S, Choi YA, Kwon S, Shin MJ, Yun HS, Jang YH, Kang J, Kim N, Khang D, Kim SH. Greater Plasma Protein Adsorption on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Aggravates Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4599-4617. [PMID: 36199478 PMCID: PMC9528962 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s383324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The protein corona surrounding nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention as it induces subsequent inflammatory responses. Although mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are commonly used in medicines, cosmetics, and packaging, the inflammatory effects of the MSN protein corona on the cutaneous system have not been investigated till date. Methods We examined the greater plasma protein adsorption on MSN leads to serious inflammatory reactions in Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)-induced mouse atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin inflammation because of increased uptake by keratinocytes. Results We compare the AD lesions induced by MSN and colloidal (non-porous) silica nanoparticles (CSN), which exhibit different pore architectures but similar dimensions and surface chemistry. MSN-corona treatment of severe skin inflammation in a DFE-induced in vivo AD model greatly increases mouse ear epidermal thickness and infiltration of immune cells compared with the CSN-corona treatment. Moreover, MSN-corona significantly increase AD-specific immunoglobulins, serum histamine, and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in the ear and lymph nodes. MSN-corona induce more severe cutaneous inflammation than CSN by significantly decreasing claudin-1 expression. Conclusion This study demonstrates the novel impact of the MSN protein corona in inducing inflammatory responses through claudin-1 downregulation and suggests useful clinical guidelines for MSN application in cosmetics and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyeong Choi
- Department of Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ae Choi
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Kwon
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jun Shin
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Suk Yun
- Powder & Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Kang
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkyung Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Dongwoo Khang, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 32 899 6515, Email
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Sang-Hyun Kim, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 53 420 4838, Email
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Sun W, Liu Z, Xu J, Cheng Y, Yin R, Ma L, Li H, Qian X, Zhang H. 3D skin models along with skin-on-a-chip systems: A critical review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Camilion JV, Khanna S, Anasseri S, Laney C, Mayrovitz HN. Physiological, Pathological, and Circadian Factors Impacting Skin Hydration. Cureus 2022; 14:e27666. [PMID: 36072192 PMCID: PMC9440333 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thismanuscript focuses on the physiological, environmental, nutritional, circadian, and aging factors affecting skin tissue water and hydration parameters. The literature findings indicate a multiplicity of interacting processes among these parameters, ultimately impacting skin hydration in normal skin and playing a role in conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The maintenance of adequate skin hydration, aided by the proper functioning of the skin’s protective barrier, is facilitated by stratum corneum integrity with the presence of tight junctions and lipids such as ceramides, each of which is impacted by changes in most of the evaluated parameters. Abnormalities in aquaporin 3 (AQP3) expression and associated deficits in skin hydration appear to have a role in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. AQP3 hydration-related aspects are influenced by circadian rhythms via modulations associated with CLOCK genes that alter AQP3 protein expression. Ultraviolet exposure, aging, and low temperatures are among those factors that affect skin ceramide composition, potentially leading to increased transepidermal water loss and negatively impacting skin hydration. Vitamin C, collagen, and probiotics may increase ceramide production and improve skin hydration. The extent to which each of the different evaluated factors affects skin hydration varies but is usually large enough to consider their potential effects when investigating skin in research and clinical settings.
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Novel Pharmaceutical Strategies for Enhancing Skin Penetration of Biomacromolecules. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070877. [PMID: 35890174 PMCID: PMC9317023 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin delivery of biomacromolecules holds great advantages in the systemic and local treatment of multiple diseases. However, the densely packed stratum corneum and the tight junctions between keratinocytes stand as formidable skin barriers against the penetration of most drug molecules. The large molecular weight, high hydrophilicity, and lability nature of biomacromolecules pose further challenges to their skin penetration. Recently, novel penetration enhancers, nano vesicles, and microneedles have emerged as efficient strategies to deliver biomacromolecules deep into the skin to exert their therapeutic action. This paper reviews the potential application and mechanisms of novel skin delivery strategies with emphasis on the pharmaceutical formulations.
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50
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Combined Toxicological Effects of Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and UV-B Irradiation through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Tight Junction Disruption in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147860. [PMID: 35887207 PMCID: PMC9318540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer, and human exposure to DEHP is widespread and frequent. However, information about the combined effect of DEHP and ultraviolet (UV)-B on the skin are still limited. We investigated the cytotoxic effects of DEHP and UV-B on HaCaT keratinocytes and evaluated the related underlying mechanisms involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signals and the disruption of junction complexes as an effective target for skin inflammation. Our results revealed that co-treatment with DEHP and UV-B irradiation alleviated the cell cytotoxicity and markedly decreased X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha (Ero1α), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) whereas a single dose of 40 mJ/cm2 UV-B generated mild ER stress to slightly less or similar levels as that seen with DEHP. DEHP was also shown to inhibit tight junctions (TJs) after UV-B irradiation, increased apoptosis by altering apoptotic gene Bax and stress kinases, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Furthermore, exposure of HaCaT cells to DEHP and UV-B irradiation resulted in the marked suppression of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p65 signaling pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that nontoxic DEHP and UV-B irradiation regulated ER stress and epidermal TJ disruption with the induction of apoptosis activation and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 in human keratinocytes. Further investigation is needed to confirm the mechanisms implicated in its toxicity and determine the effects of exposure to DEHP and UV-B irradiation on markers involved in this study.
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