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Alterations of Cortisol and Melatonin Production by the Theca Interna Cells of Porcine Cystic Ovarian Follicles. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030357. [PMID: 35158681 PMCID: PMC8833480 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The mechanism of follicular cyst formation is largely unknown but changes in follicular composition are known to be involved. In particular, there is abnormal hormone secretion in cystic follicles. Here, we found there was disruption of hormone secretion in the fluid of cystic follicles in sows. The glucocorticoid receptor was highly expressed, and the melatonin receptor was weakly expressed in cystic follicles compared with control follicles. Thus, secretion of steroid hormones in cystic follicles is disrupted and disturbances in signaling via cortisol and melatonin are involved in the development of follicular cysts in sows. Abstract (1) Background: Cortisol and melatonin (MT) act in regulating follicular development. We hypothesized that abnormal levels of cortisol, MT, and steroids in theca interna cells might be involved in the development of follicular cysts in sows. (2) Methods: To test this hypothesis, we measured the mRNA levels of enzymes involved in steroid hormone synthesis, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and melatonin receptors (MTRs) in theca interna cells of cystic and normal porcine follicles. (3) Results: The concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol were greater in cystic follicles than in control ones (p = 0.034, p = 0.020, p = 0.000), but the concentration of MT was significantly lower (p = 0.045). The levels of GR, 11β-HSD1, and 11β-HSD2 were higher in cystic follicles than in control l follicles. MT types 1 and 2 were significantly lower in cystic follicles (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of genes encoding the steroid hormone synthesis enzymes, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), recombinant cytochrome P45011A1 (CYP11A1), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) in theca interna cells of cystic follicles were significantly higher than in control follicles. Thus, there was disruption of hormone secretion in the fluid of cystic follicles in sows. (4) Conclusions: The levels of steroid hormones, cortisol and MT are disrupted in porcine cystic follicles.
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Mendes MH, Pinto MH, Gimeno EJ, Barbeito CG, de Sant'Ana FJ. Lectin histochemical pattern on the normal and cystic ovaries of sows. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1366-1374. [PMID: 31348838 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The lectin histochemical pattern (LHP) was characterized and compared in normal and cystic ovaries of sows. Six biotinylated lectins (PNA, SBA, WGA, RCA-1, DBA and UEA-1) were used on tissue sections. In the normal ovaries, the reaction to UEA-1 and SBA was mild to moderate in mesothelial and endothelial cells. RCA-1 staining was mild to moderate in theca interna of growing follicles, corpora luteum and mesothelium. In addition, this lectin presented strong reaction in endothelial cells, granulosa cells of atretic follicles, zona pellucida of growing follicles and plasma. DBA showed strong intensity in mesothelial and endothelial cells. There was mild to moderate reactivity to WGA in granulosa cells, corpus luteum and theca interna of follicles in development, and moderate in zona pellucida, in granulosa cells of atretic follicles and mesothelium. PNA staining was mild to moderate in oocytes and in the adventitia and media of medullary arteries. Changes in the LHP of the cystic ovaries were noted; however, there were no differences in these findings between the follicular and luteinized cysts. UEA-1 reactivity in the cystic ovaries was moderately reduced in the mesothelial and endothelial cells, whereas there was mild reduction in the DBA staining in the granulosa cells. Reaction to RCA-1 and WGA in the cysts also was decreased in theca interna, zona pellucida and granulosa cells of atretic follicles. Furthermore, endothelium and theca interna in the cystic ovaries presented mild reduction of marcation to SBA, whereas there was decreased reactivity to PNA in the oocytes and adventitia and media layers of the medullary arteries. The results of the current study show that cysts modify the LHP in swine ovaries. These changes of glycoconjugates in many ovarian structures could modify diverse process and may be one of the reasons for decreased fertility in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Haf Mendes
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathologic Diagnosis, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maria Hb Pinto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathologic Diagnosis, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J Gimeno
- School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudio G Barbeito
- School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fabiano Jf de Sant'Ana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathologic Diagnosis, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
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3
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Jia G, Tao H, Xue Y, Xu S, Xue K, Zhu Q, Chen X, Liu X, Xu S, Li Q, Xu P. Analysis of secreted peptidome from omental adipose tissue in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5885-5894. [PMID: 29226956 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders. Prevalence of adiposity and obesity is greater in women suffering from PCOS. Moreover, adipose tissue dysfunction has been demonstrated in PCOS patients, particularly in abdominal adipose tissue. This dysfunction likely aggravates the metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. We used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to compare the peptides secreted from PCOS and non-PCOS abdominal adipose tissue. We detected 298 upregulated peptides and 31 downregulated peptides (absolute fold change ≥ 2 and p < 0.05). Twenty-nine peptides were only detected in the PCOS group, while 18 were only detected in the control group. In addition, we demonstrate that these cleavage products are not degradation products of the proteasome based on previous studies reported. Gene Ontology enrichment and pathway analysis were performed to study differentially secreted peptides through their precursor proteins. We identified 12 peptides from 10 precursor proteins associated with PCOS, and 6 peptide sequences were located in the functional domains of their corresponding precursor proteins. These results provide a deeper understanding of adipose tissue-derived peptides in PCOS for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genmei Jia
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hongjiang Tao
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yunping Xue
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xue
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoying Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Reproduction, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Siliang Xu
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Monastra G, Unfer V, Harrath AH, Bizzarri M. Combining treatment with myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol (40:1) is effective in restoring ovary function and metabolic balance in PCOS patients. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:1-9. [PMID: 27898267 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1247797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a relevant cause of infertility, is a heterogeneous, endocrine disorder affecting up to 10-15% of women in reproductive age. Besides hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance (IR) plays a key role in such syndrome. Insulin-sensitizing drugs, such as Metformin, are effective in treating hyper-insulinemic PCOS patients. Recently, inositols - myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI) - have shown to be an efficient and safe alternative in PCOS management, as both inositol isoforms are able to counteract downstream consequences of insulin resistance. Yet, whereas DCI contributes in mediating insulin activity mainly on non-ovarian tissues, MI displays specific effects on ovary, chiefly by modulating glucose metabolism and FSH-signaling. Moreover, MI may also improve ovarian functions by modulating steroid metabolism through non-insulin-dependent pathways. As DCI and MI activity likely involves different biological mechanisms, both inositol isoforms can be synergistically integrated according to a multitargeted design, by combining MI and DCI in a ratio corresponding to their physiological plasma relative amount (40:1). New experimental and clinical evidence with MI plus DCI evidenced the suitability of such integrated approach, and provided promising results. Further studies need to investigate thoroughly the molecular mechanism and confirm such preliminary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monastra
- a Visiting scientist at the Systems Biology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University la Sapienza , Rome , Italy
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- b Department of Medical Sciences , IPUS - Institute of Higher Education , Chiasso , Switzerland
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- c Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia , and
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- d Department of Experimental Medicine , Systems Biology Group, University la Sapienza , Rome , Italy
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5
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Does myo-inositol effect on PCOS follicles involve cytoskeleton regulation? Med Hypotheses 2016; 91:1-5. [PMID: 27142131 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inositol metabolism is severely impaired in follicles obtained from cystic ovaries, leading to deregulated insulin transduction and steroid synthesis. On the contrary, inositol administration to women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been proven to efficiently counteract most of the clinical hallmarks displayed by PCOS patients, including insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and oligo-amenorrhea. We have recently observed that myo-inositol induces significant changes in cytoskeletal architecture of breast cancer cells, by modulating different biochemical pathways, eventually modulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We hypothesize that inositol and its monophosphate derivatives, besides their effects on insulin transduction, may efficiently revert histological and functional features of cystic ovary by inducing cytoskeleton rearrangements. We propose an experimental model that could address not only whether inositol modulates cytoskeleton dynamics in both normal and cystic ovary cells, but also whether this effect may interfere with ovarian steroidogenesis. A more compelling understanding of the mechanisms of action of inositol (and its derivatives) would greatly improve its therapeutic utilization, by conferring to current treatments a well-grounded scientific rationale.
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Baravalle ME, Stassi AF, Velázquez MML, Belotti EM, Rodríguez FM, Ortega HH, Salvetti NR. Altered Expression of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Ovarian Follicles of Cows with Cystic Ovarian Disease. J Comp Pathol 2015; 153:116-30. [PMID: 26065705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that ovulation shares many of the features of an inflammatory reaction and that cytokines play many diverse and important roles in reproductive biology. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in ovarian cells from cows with cystic ovarian disease (COD) as compared with that in ovarian structures from regularly cycling cows. Expression of genes encoding IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction in follicular cells from ovaries from healthy cows and cows with COD with no significant differences. However, immunohistochemistry showed increased expression of IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α in cystic follicles, suggesting that this expression may be related to the persistence of follicular cysts. The effect of COD was evident for IL-1α and TNF-α, and a follicular structure-disease interaction was observed in the expression of all the cytokines evaluated. Thus, altered expression of these proinflammatory cytokines may be related to ovulation failure and development of follicular cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Baravalle
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A F Stassi
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M M L Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E M Belotti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - F M Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H H Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - N R Salvetti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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7
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Picasso MBJ, Mario R, Barbeito CG. The skin structure of greater rhea (Rheidae, Palaeognathae). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B. J. Picasso
- División Paleontología Vertebrados; Museo de La Plata; Paseo del Bosque s/n La Plata Buenos Aires (1900) Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Calle 60 y 118 s/n La Plata Buenos Aires (1900) Argentina
| | - Rubén Mario
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología e Instituto de Patología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Calle 60 y 118 s/n La Plata Buenos Aires (1900) Argentina
| | - Claudio G. Barbeito
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Calle 60 y 118 s/n La Plata Buenos Aires (1900) Argentina
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología e Instituto de Patología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Calle 60 y 118 s/n La Plata Buenos Aires (1900) Argentina
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8
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Sant'Ana FJF, Reis Junior JL, Blume GR, Gimeno EJ, Rey F, Ortega HH. Immunohistochemical Expression of Growth Factors in the Follicular Wall of Normal and Cystic Ovaries of Sows. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:327-332. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- FJF Sant'Ana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (LPV); University of Brasília (UnB); Brasília Brazil
| | - JL Reis Junior
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (LPV); University of Brasília (UnB); Brasília Brazil
| | - GR Blume
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (LPV); University of Brasília (UnB); Brasília Brazil
| | - EJ Gimeno
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; National University of La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - F Rey
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; National University of Litoral; Esperanza Argentina
| | - HH Ortega
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; National University of Litoral; Esperanza Argentina
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Sant'Ana FJD, Reis Junior JL, Araújo RL, J.Gimeno E, Ortega HH. Cytoskeletal proteins in the follicular wall of normal andcystic ovaries of sows. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The expression of cytoskeletal proteins was evaluated immunohistochemically in 36 normal ovaries sampled from 18 sows and 44 cystic ovaries sampled from of 22 sows, was evaluated. All sows had history of reproductive problems, such as infertility or subfertility. The immunohistochemically stained area (IHCSA) was quantified through image analysis to evaluate the expression of these proteins in the follicular wall of secondary, tertiary, and cystic follicles. Cytokeratins (CK) immunoreactivity was strong in the granulosa cell layer (GC) and mild in the theca interna (TI) and externa (TE) of the normal follicles. There was severe reduction of the reaction to CK in the GC in the cystic follicles, mainly in the luteinized cysts. The immunoreactivity for vimentin was higher in the GC from normal and cystic follicles in contrast with the other follicular structures. In the luteinized cysts, the IHCSA for vimentin was significantly higher in TI and in both observed cysts, the labeling was more accentuated in TE. Immunohistochemical detection of desmin and α-SMA was restricted to the TE, without differences between the normal and cystic follicles. The results of the current study show that the development of ovarian cysts in sows is associated to changes in the expression of the cytoskeletal proteins CK and vimentin.
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Cytoprotective mechanisms in rats lung parenchyma with zinc deprivation. Biometals 2014; 27:305-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Amweg AN, Salvetti NR, Stangaferro ML, Paredes AH, Lara HH, Rodríguez FM, Ortega HH. Ovarian localization of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD): effects of ACTH stimulation and its relationship with bovine cystic ovarian disease. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 45:126-40. [PMID: 23972491 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an important cause of infertility in cattle, and ACTH has been involved in regulatory mechanisms related to ovarian function associated with ovulation, steroidogenesis, and luteal function. Here, we examined the localization of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) and 11βHSD2 proteins in the ovary of healthy cows and animals with spontaneous and ACTH-induced COD and the in vitro response of the follicular wall exposed to ACTH. After stimulation by ACTH, we documented changes in 11βHSD expression and cortisol secretion by the follicular wall of large antral and follicular cysts. Follicular cysts showed a higher constitutive expression of both enzymes, whereas ACTH induced an increase in 11βHSD1 in tertiary follicles and follicular cysts and a decrease in 11βHSD2 in follicular cysts. Moderate expression of 11βHSD1 was observed by immunohistochemistry in granulosa of control animals, with an increase (P < 0.05) from primary to secondary, tertiary, and atretic follicles. The level of immunostaining in theca interna was lower than that in granulosa. The expression of 11βHSD2 was lower in the granulosa of primary follicles than in that of secondary, tertiary, and atretic follicles and was lower in the theca interna than in the granulosa. In ACTH-induced and spontaneously occurring follicular cysts, differences from controls were observed only in the expression of 11βHSD1 in the granulosa, being higher (P < 0.05) than in tertiary follicles. These findings indicate that follicular cysts may be exposed to high local concentrations of active glucocorticoids and indicate a local role for cortisol in COD pathogenesis and in regulatory mechanisms of ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Amweg
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (CONICET), Argentina
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Salvetti NR, Alfaro NS, Velázquez MML, Amweg AN, Matiller V, Díaz PU, Ortega HH. Alteration in localization of steroid hormone receptors and coregulatory proteins in follicles from cows with induced ovarian follicular cysts. Reproduction 2012; 144:723-35. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an important cause of infertility in cattle. The altered follicular dynamics and cellular differentiation observed in COD may be mediated through a disruption of the expression of steroid receptors and their associated transcriptional cofactors. The aim of this study was to determine the protein expression profiles of ESR1, ESR2, PGR, AR, NCOA3, NCOR2, and PHB2 (REA) in ovarian follicles in an experimental model of COD induced by the administration of ACTH. Ovaries were collected and follicles were dissected from heifers during the follicular phase (control) or from heifers treated with ACTH to induce the formation of ovarian follicular cysts. Ovaries were fixed, sectioned, and stained immunohistochemically for steroid receptors and the associated transcription factors. The relative expression of ESR1 was similar in follicular cysts and in tertiary follicles from both control and cystic cows and was significantly higher than in secondary follicles. The expression of ESR2 in the granulosa was higher in cystic follicles. No differences were seen for PGR. The expression of androgen receptor was significantly increased in tertiary follicles with lower immunostaining in cysts. The expression of NCOA3 was observed in the granulosa and theca with a significantly increased expression in the theca interna of cystic follicles. The highest levels of NCOR2 expression in granulosa, theca interna, and theca externa were observed in cysts. In granulosa cells, NCOR2 levels increase progressively as follicles mature and the treatment had no effect. In summary, ovaries from animals with induced COD exhibited altered steroid receptor expression compared with normal animals, as well as changes in the expression of their regulators. It is reasonable to suggest that in conditions characterized by altered ovulation and follicular persistence, such as COD, changes in the intra-ovarian expression of these proteins could play a role in their pathogenesis.
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Wendl J, Ebach K, Rodler D, Kenngott RAM. Immunocytochemical localization of cytoplasmic and nuclear intermediate filaments in the bovine ovary during folliculogenesis. Anat Histol Embryol 2012; 41:190-201. [PMID: 22250786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cellular cytoskeleton is composed of three fibrillar systems, namely actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments (IFs). It not only is a structural system, which mediates functional compartmentalization, but also contributes to many cellular processes such as transport, mitosis, secretion, formation of cell extensions, intercellular communication and apoptosis. In this study, we have examined the distribution of four groups of IFs [cytokeratins (CKs), vimentin, desmin and lamins] in the somatic and germinal cells of the bovine ovary using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical techniques. Using RT-PCR, specific transcripts for all intermediate proteins studied (CK8, CK18, desmin, vimentin, lamin A/C and lamin B1) were detected. A characteristic immunohistochemical staining pattern was observed for the different IFs within the ovary. In this study, we used antibodies against type I CK (acidic CKs: CK14, CK18 and CK19) and type II CK (basic CKs: CK5 and CK8). Among these, only antibodies against CK18 gave a characteristic pattern of immunostaining in the ovary, which included the surface epithelium, the follicle cells, the endothelium of blood vessels and rete ovarii. Antibodies against all other CKs resulted in a weak staining of a limited number of cellular structures (CK5 and CK19) or were completely negative (CK8 and CK14, apart from the surface epithelium). Vimentin antibodies resulted occasionally in a weak staining of the granulosa cells of primary and secondary follicles. In late secondary follicles, the basal and the most apical follicle cells contacting the zona pellucida usually showed a marked immunostaining for vimentin. In antral follicles, three different immunostaining patterns for vimentin were observed. Desmin immunostaining was confined to the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. Although mRNA for lamin A/C and lamin B1 could be demonstrated using RT-PCR, no immunostaining was found for lamins, neither in the follicle cells nor in the oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wendl
- Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU München, Munich, Germany
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14
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Abstract
Suboptimal intake of Zn is one of the most common nutritional problems worldwide. Previously, we have shown that Zn deficiency (ZD) produces oxidative and nitrosative stress in the lung of rats. We analyse the effect of moderate ZD on the expression of several intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton, as well as the effect of restoring Zn during the refeeding period. Adult male rats were divided into three groups: Zn-adequate control (CO) group; ZD group; Zn-refeeding group. CerbB-2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was increased in the ZD group while the other parameters did not change. During the refeeding time, CerbB-2, cytokeratins, vimentin and PCNA immunostaining was higher than that in the CO group. The present findings indicate that the overexpression of some markers could lead to the fibrotic process in the lung. Perhaps ZD implications must be taken into account in health interventions because an inflammation environment is associated with ZD in the lung.
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Virant-Klun I, Skutella T, Stimpfel M, Sinkovec J. Ovarian surface epithelium in patients with severe ovarian infertility: a potential source of cells expressing markers of pluripotent/multipotent stem cells. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:381928. [PMID: 22187524 PMCID: PMC3237017 DOI: 10.1155/2011/381928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of stem cells in the ovarian surface epithelium of patients with premature ovarian failure and no mature follicles and oocytes. In these patients, small round cells of unknown origin expressing SOX-2 marker of pluripotency were observed among the epithelial cells just after the ovarian surface epithelium scraping. These cells were an integral part of the ovarian surface epithelium. When the scraped cells were cultured in a medium with added follicular fluid to provide some ovarian niche, primitive oocyte-like cells and typical round-shaped cell clusters positively stained on alkaline phosphatase, and markers of pluripotency, such as SOX-2 and SSEA-4, were developed. These markers were expressed early and also later in the culture. Single oocyte-like cells expressed genes OCT4A, SOX-2, NANOG, NANOS, STELLA, CD9, LIN28, KLF4, GDF3, and MYC, characteristic for pluripotent stem cells. The results of this study confirmed the presence of putative stem cells in the ovarian surface epithelium of these patients and provided some basis to create a stem cell line in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Virant-Klun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Salvetti NR, Stangaferro ML, Palomar MM, Alfaro NS, Rey F, Gimeno EJ, Ortega HH. Cell proliferation and survival mechanisms underlying the abnormal persistence of follicular cysts in bovines with cystic ovarian disease induced by ACTH. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 122:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zurvarra FM, Salvetti NR, Mason JI, Velazquez MML, Alfaro NS, Ortega HH. Disruption in the expression and immunolocalisation of steroid receptors and steroidogenic enzymes in letrozole-induced polycystic ovaries in rat. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009; 21:827-39. [DOI: 10.1071/rd09026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterise the expression and tissue distribution of steroid receptors (oestrogen receptor-α and –β (ERα, ERβ), androgen receptor (AR) and progesterone receptor (PR)) and steroidogenic enzymes (P450 aromatase (P450arom), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)) in letrozole-induced polycystic ovaries of rats. Changes in serum hormone levels, protein expression in whole ovaries by western blot analysis and protein localisation by immunohistochemistry were determined in female rats treated with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole and compared with controls in proestrous and diestrous rats. Increases in the serum LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations were observed in letrozole-treated rats whereas serum oestradiol and progesterone levels were reduced. Protein expression as analysed by western immunoblot was consistent with the immunohistochemical data. Letrozole treatment induced an increase in the expression of AR, StAR and 3β-HSD and a decrease in ERβ. ERα, PR and P450arom showed partial changes in relation to some cycle stages. These results indicate that cystogenesis in this experimental model is characterised by changes in steroid receptors and steroidogenic enzyme expression that may be essential to proper ovarian functioning and are in agreement with similar changes observed in women with PCOS.
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Salvetti NR, Baravalle C, Mira GA, Gimeno EJ, Dallard BE, Rey F, Ortega HH. Heat shock protein 70 and sex steroid receptors in the follicular structures of induced ovarian cysts. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 44:805-14. [PMID: 18992127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the expression and relative amounts of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and their isoforms as well as heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in ovaries of rats with induced cystic ovarian disease (COD). Primary, secondary, tertiary, atretic and cystic follicles were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and total ovarian proteins were analyzed by Western blot. In the granulosa layer, growing and cystic follicles in the treated group have a higher expression of ERalpha than growing follicles of control individuals. In the theca interna layer, tertiary follicles presented a significantly higher expression of ERalpha in the treated group. An increase in total ERalpha protein was detected in the treated group. Granulosa cells of all growing, atretic and cystic follicles show a lower expression of ERbeta in animals with COD, and the total protein expression of ERbeta was lower in this group. The expression of PR was lower in the granulosa cell layer of tertiary and cystic follicles in treated animals, and theca interna layer had less intense immunostaining in this group. Although there were no differences in the expression of PR-B by Western blotting, the expression of PR-A was higher and the expression of PR-C was smaller in the treated group. An intense HSP70 immunostaining was observed in the cells of cystic follicles. By Western blotting, higher protein expression of HSP70 was detected in the ovarian samples of the control group than those of the treated ones. Ovaries of animals with COD exhibited an altered steroid receptor expression and subtype balance as compared with control animals, and an increase in HSP70 immunoexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Salvetti
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Center for Experimental Biology and Laboratory Animals Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, Argentina
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