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Oba M, Obinata S, Takemae H, Kazama K, Oguro M, Ito K, Kakinuma S, Ishida H, Murakami H, Sakaguchi S, Mizutani T, Nagai M. Prevalence and genetic diversity in bovine parechovirus infecting Japanese cattle. Arch Virol 2023; 168:91. [PMID: 36786868 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The first bovine parechovirus (Bo_ParV) was reported in 2021, and currently, only two nearly complete genome sequences of Bo_ParV are available. In this study, we detected Bo_ParVs in 10 out of 158 bovine fecal samples tested using real-time RT-PCR, and Bo_ParVs were isolated from three of these samples using MA104 cells. Analysis of the P1 region revealed that Bo_ParVs shared high pairwise amino acid sequence similarity (≥ 95.7% identity), suggesting antigenic similarity among Bo_ParVs, whereas nucleotide sequence identity values (≥ 84.8%) indicated more variability. A recombination breakpoint was identified in the 2B region, which may influence the evolution of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Oba
- Center for infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 183-8509, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 252-5201, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiho Obinata
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 252-5201, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- Center for infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 183-8509, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kazama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 252-5201, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Ito
- Veterinary Clinic, Saitama Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 360-0843, Kumagaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kakinuma
- Kakinuma Veterinary Hospital, Kodama-chou, 367-0212, Kodama, Honjou, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroho Ishida
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 252-5201, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hironobu Murakami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 252-5201, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 569-8686, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Center for infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 183-8509, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Center for infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 183-8509, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan. .,School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 252-5201, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Sridhar A, Karelehto E, Brouwer L, Pajkrt D, Wolthers KC. Parechovirus A Pathogenesis and the Enigma of Genotype A-3. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111062. [PMID: 31739613 PMCID: PMC6893760 DOI: 10.3390/v11111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parechovirus A is a species in the Parechovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family that can cause severe disease in children. Relatively little is known on Parechovirus A epidemiology and pathogenesis. This review aims to explore the Parechovirus A literature and highlight the differences between Parechovirus A genotypes from a pathogenesis standpoint. In particular, the curious case of Parechovirus-A3 and the genotype-specific disease association will be discussed. Finally, a brief outlook on Parechovirus A research is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Sridhar
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.K.); (L.B.); (K.C.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eveliina Karelehto
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.K.); (L.B.); (K.C.W.)
| | - Lieke Brouwer
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.K.); (L.B.); (K.C.W.)
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Katja C. Wolthers
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.K.); (L.B.); (K.C.W.)
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Identification of Norovirus and Human Parechovirus in Patients With Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:1079-1084. [PMID: 31568248 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is caused mostly by enteroviruses. However, other viral agents also can cause similar syndromes, and hence, the infections they cause are often misdiagnosed clinically. To determine non-enterovirus etiologic agents in HFMD-like cases, we screened enterovirus-negative samples collected from the patients who were clinically diagnosed as HFMD in China. METHODS Two hundred enterovirus-negative samples were collected previously in Wenzhou city of Zhejiang province, China. Both high throughput sequencing and RT-PCR were used to screen viral agents. In addition, their clinical features were analyzed. RESULTS Norovirus (NoV) and human parechovirus (HPeV) were identified from 22 (11.00%) and 9 (4.50%) samples, respectively. In addition, the complete genome sequences were recovered from 4 NoV-positive samples, and the VP1/3Dpol gene sequences were recovered from 5 HPeV-positive samples. Phylogenetic analyses of the NoV sequences revealed that they were closely related to those circulated in other regions of China. Notably, 4 genotypes of HPeVs, including HPeV-1, HPeV-4, HPeV-5 and HPeV-14, were found, indicating high genetic diversity of the virus. Frequent recombination between various genotypes was also observed in the HPeVs. Although most of the patients presented with the clinical features of HFMD, 4 patients infected with NoV GII.4 and 3 patients infected with HPeV-1 (1) and HPeV-4 (2) were characterized with diarrhea. Finally, tonsillitis, convulsion and granulocytopenia were observed in 1 NoV GII.4 patient, while liver dysfunction was found in 1 NoV GII.17 patient. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal the variety of agents in the cases clinically diagnosed as HFMD.
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An Emerging Human Parechovirus Type 5 Causing Sepsis-Like Illness in Infants in Australia. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100913. [PMID: 31623340 PMCID: PMC6832754 DOI: 10.3390/v11100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human parechovirus (HPeV), particularly type 3 (HPeV3), is an important cause of sepsis-/meningitis-like illness in young infants. Laboratory records identified a total of ten HPeV-positive cases in Southeastern Australia between January and July 2019. The HPeV present in these cases were typed by Sanger sequencing of the partial viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) region and selected cases were further characterised by additional Sanger or Ion Torrent near-full length virus sequencing. In seven of the ten cases, an HPeV type 5 (HPeV5) was identified, and in the remaining three cases, an HPeV type 1 was identified. The HPeV5-positive cases were infants under the age of 3 months admitted to hospital with fever, rash, lethargy and/or sepsis-like clinical signs. Near full-length virus sequencing revealed that the HPeV5 was most likely a recombinant virus, with structural genes most similar to an HPeV5 from Belarus in 2018, and a polymerase gene most similar to an HPeV3 from Australia in 2013/14. While HPeV5 is not typically associated with severe clinical signs, the HPeV5 identified here may have been able to cause more severe disease in young infants through the acquisition of genes from a more virulent HPeV.
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Malasao R, Khamrin P, Kumthip K, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N. Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of human parechoviruses in children hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Thailand during 2011-2016. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1743-1752. [PMID: 30972593 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about human parechovirus (HPeV) infection in Thailand. The genotype distribution of HPeV strains in children admitted to hospitals with acute gastroenteritis was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequencing of the VP1 region as the detection and genotype identification methods, respectively. Of a total of 2,002 stool samples, 49 (2.4%) were positive for HPeV. Of these, HPeV-1 was the most predominant genotype (40.8%), followed by HPeV-3 (16.3%) and HPeV-14 (16.3%), while HPeV-5, -6, -2, -4, and -8 strains were less frequently detected, at 10.2%, 8.2%, 2%, 2%, and 2%, respectively. HPeV infections were detected throughout the year with the biannual peaks of infection in the rainy (Jun-Jul-Aug) and winter (Nov-Dec-Jan) months in Thailand. Based on VP1 amino acid sequence alignment, the arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) motif was found in HPeV-1, -2, -4, and -6 strains. Additionally, an amino acid insertion at the N-terminus of VP1 was observed in HPeV-4 and HPeV-5 strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that small clades of HPeV-1 and HPeV-3 strains emerged in 2016 and 2015, respectively, and dominated in the year of their emergence. The HPeV strains detected in Thailand in this study were most closely related to reference strains from Asia and Europe. The evolutionary rate of HPeV strains was 2.87 × 10-4 (95% highest posterior density (HPD) 0.10-6.14 × 10-4) substitutions/site/year. These findings provide information about the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of HPeV genotypes circulating in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Malasao
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Suthep Rd, Si Phum, Amphoe Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kattareeya Kumthip
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Suthep Rd, Si Phum, Amphoe Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Suthep Rd, Si Phum, Amphoe Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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The Complete Genome Sequence of a Human Parechovirus from a Child with Diarrhea in China Revealed Intertypic Recombination. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/21/e00332-17. [PMID: 28546477 PMCID: PMC5477390 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00332-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A human parechovirus (HPeV), CH-ZXY1, was detected in feces from a child with diarrhea. Phylogenetic trees over three different genomic regions revealed discordant topological structures. Recombination analysis indicates that CH-ZXY1 is a recombinant resulting from recombination between HPeV5 and HPeV1, which was confirmed by PCR covering the recombination breakpoint.
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