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Johnson W, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Cohen DE, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Peterson LA, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Fiume M, Heldreth B. Methacrylate Ester Monomers. Int J Toxicol 2023; 42:61S-73S. [PMID: 37794531 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231204572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed newly available studies since their original assessment in 2005, along with updated information regarding product types and concentrations of use, and confirmed that these 22 methacrylate ester monomers are safe as used in nail enhancement products in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report, when skin contact is avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | - Ronald C Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
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Kondo T, Kakinuma H, Fujimura K, Ambo S, Otake K, Sato Y, Egusa H. Incomplete Polymerization of Dual-Cured Resin Cement Due to Attenuated Light through Zirconia Induces Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9861. [PMID: 37373008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zirconia restorations are becoming increasingly common. However, zirconia reduces the polymerization of dual-cured resin cement owing to light attenuation, resulting in residual resin monomers. This study investigated the effects of dual-cured resin cement, with incomplete polymerization owing to attenuated light through zirconia, on the inflammatory response in vitro. The dual-cured resin cement (SA Luting Multi, Kuraray) was light-irradiated through zirconia with three thickness diameters (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm). The light transmittance and the degree of conversion (DC) of the resin cement significantly decreased with increasing zirconia thickness. The dual-cured resin cement in 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm zirconia and no-irradiation groups showed significantly higher amounts of hydroxyethylmethacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate elution and upregulated gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 from human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and TNFα from human monocytic cells, compared with that of the 0 mm group. Dual-cured resin cement with lower DC enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in hGFs and monocytic cells. This study suggests that dual-cured resin cement with incomplete polymerization induces inflammatory responses in hGFs and monocytic cells by intracellular ROS generation and MAP kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kondo
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Next-Generation Dental Material Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kakinuma
- Department of Next-Generation Dental Material Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kanna Fujimura
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Sara Ambo
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Koki Otake
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Sato
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Kindler S, Seebauer C, Mksoud M, Samietz S, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Lucas C, Völzke H, Metelmann HR, Rau A, Ittermann T. Impact of dental restorations and removable prostheses on potentially malignant oral mucosal disorders in the general population. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:89-95. [PMID: 35753826 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Dental restorations and removable dental prostheses have been considered as risk factors for potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. It remains unclear whether amalgam, composite resins, and prosthesis materials can induce potentially malignant disorders. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the relationship between the presence of amalgam and composite resin restorations, crowns and fixed partial dentures, and removable prostheses in potentially malignant disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS The data of 6041 participants in the population-based Studies of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were accessed. Potentially malignant disorders had been clinically diagnosed by calibrated dentists and documented with photographs. Dental treatment was subdivided into restored and replaced teeth. Dental restorations were subclassified as buccal composite resin or amalgam restorations. Prosthetic treatment was subclassified into removable partial or complete prostheses and definitive restorations with crowns and fixed partial dentures. RESULTS In the maxilla, participants with removable prostheses had a higher incidence of potentially malignant disorders than participants not undergoing treatment with removable prostheses (OR 2.12; 95% CI: 1.08-4.18), but not in the mandible (OR 1.30; 95% CI: 0.67-2.53). The surfaces with composite resin restorations were associated with a slightly higher risk of mucosal lesions than those without the restorations (OR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.07). No significant association was found between amalgam restorations and mucosal lesions. CONCLUSIONS Participants with removable prostheses have a higher risk of potentially malignant disorders. Composite resin restorations are associated with a higher risk of mucosal lesions, whereas no significant association was found between amalgam restorations and mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kindler
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
| | - Christian Seebauer
- Oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Maria Mksoud
- Oral surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Stefanie Samietz
- Prosthetist, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Biostatisticer, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Christian Lucas
- Oral surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Professor, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Hans-Robert Metelmann
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Andrea Rau
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- Professor, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
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Cicek M, Unsal V, Emre A, Doganer A. Investigation of the Effects of Apigenin, a Possible Therapeutic Agent, on Cytotoxic and SWH Pathway in Colorectal Cancer (HT29) Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:188-195. [PMID: 36721804 PMCID: PMC9871274 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies in humans, still leading to serious morbidity and mortality. We here aimed to investigate the effects of flavonoid apigenin, which is considered to have anti-tumoral activity on CRC with high epidemiological prevalence, on cell proliferation and cell survivals, and the positive and negative dose-dependent effects of genetic or mutational alterations in SWH pathway components on HT29 CRC cell lines. Methods: Human colon cancer cell lines HT-29 were commercially available. In each flask, 5 groups were formed, each of which consists of 5,000 cells for different dose groups and the cells were plated. After a 24 and 48 h incubation period, cytotoxicity values were measured by MTT assay and gene expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis method. Results: Application of 12.5 and 25 nM of apigenin significantly increased cell death in HT29 cell lines. LATS1, STK3 and TP53 gene expression decreased in the same dose groups compared to control and other groups. Conclusion: It has been concluded that TP53 gene is strongly correlated with LATS1 and STK3 genes among the SWH pathway factors in the progression of CRC and could be used as an important marker for early detection of malignant transmission. In addition, it may be effective in CRC cases especially when 25 nM of apigenin applies for therapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Cicek
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Velid Unsal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Mardin Artuklu University, 47200, Mardin, Turkey.,Corresponding Author: Velid Unsal, Tel: (0482) 2134002,
| | - Arif Emre
- Department of Surgery, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, 46100, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Adem Doganer
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, 46100, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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A Pilot Study on Monomer and Bisphenol A (BPA) Release from UDMA-Based and Conventional Indirect Veneering Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214580. [PMID: 36365574 PMCID: PMC9656414 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the release of common monomers from conventional (Dialog Vario, Enamel Plus HFO) and UDMA-based indirect veneering composites (VITA VM LC, GC Gradia). Ten cylindrical samples of each material were prepared (n = 40), immersed in HPLC grade water, and incubated for 24 h in an incubation shaker at 37 °C and 112 rpm. Extraction was performed following ISO 10993-12 and monomers were detected and quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. In all the samples, urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and bisphenol A (BPA) were quantifiable. Compared to water blanks, BPA levels were only elevated in the eluates from conventional composites. In all other samples, concentrations were in the range of extraneous BPA and were therefore clinically irrelevant. Low concentrations of Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) were found in one BPA-free composite and in both conventional materials. Statistical analyses showed that BPA-free materials released significantly less BisGMA and no BPA, while UDMA elution was comparable to elution from conventional materials. All measured concentrations were below reported effective cytotoxic concentrations. Considering these results, the substitution of BPA-derivatives with UDMA might be beneficial since BPA-associated adverse effects are ruled out. Further studies should be enrolled to test the biocompatibility of UDMA on cells of the oral environment.
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Frasheri I, Aumer K, Keßler A, Miosge N, Folwaczny M. Effects of resin materials dedicated for additive manufacturing of temporary dental restorations on human gingival keratinocytes. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:1105-1112. [PMID: 35731110 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of eluates of conventional and 3D-printed resin materials for manufacturing temporary dental restorations on gingival keratinocytes. METHODS Three-dimensional (3D)-printed resin materials: 3Delta temp (Deltamed), NextDent MFH (Nextdent), Freeprint temp (Detax), GC temp (GC), were compared to Grandio disc (Voco) and Luxatemp (DMG). Human gingival keratinocytes (IHGKs) were exposed to eluates of the materials and XTT assays were performed at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, or 144 h. For quantification of the proinflammatory response, the protein amount of IL-6 and 8 was determined in the supernatants using ELISA. One-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis was used to compare differences in cell viability and IL-6 and IL-8 levels between groups. RESULTS At 24 h, and more remarkably at 48 h, a significant decrease in cell viability occurred for the 3D-printed materials compared to the untreated IHGKs, but also compared to Grandio disc and Luxatemp. Except for the expression of IL-8 in presence of the eluate of Grandio disc at 24 and 48 h, all tested materials caused attenuation of IL-6 and 8 from IHGKs for any observation period. CONCLUSIONS The materials for additive manufacturing affect cell proliferation differently than the subtractive manufactured material Grandio disc and the conventional material Luxatemp. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In comparison to conventional and subtractive manufactured restorations, 3D printed temporary restorations might induce more negative effects on the gingival and probably also on pulpal health since viability and the proinflammatory response of oral keratinocytes are more intensively affected by these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Frasheri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Aumer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Keßler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Miosge
- Tissue Regeneration Work Group, Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Dhein J, Haller C, Reichl FX, Milz S, Hickel R, Kollmuss M, Högg C. Intranuclear cell uptake and toxicity of titanium dioxide and zirconia particles as well as bacterial adhesion on dental titanium- and zirconia-implants. Dent Mater 2022; 38:517-528. [PMID: 34991888 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that particles can be released from dental titanium (Ti)- and zirconia (ZrO2)-implants. Titanium dioxide (TiO2)- and ZrO2-particles were compared regarding their toxicity and intranuclear cell uptake as well as the adhesion of various anaerobic bacteria on Ti- and ZrO2-implants. METHODS Cyto- and genotoxicity of TiO2-microparticles (TiO2-MPs) and TiO2-nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) in periodontal ligament (PDL)-hTERT cells were determined with XTT test and DNA damage with comet assay. Particle sizes of TiO2- and ZrO2-particles were measured with scanning electron microscope. Intranuclear uptake in PDL-hTERT cells was determined with laser scanning confocal microscopy. Adhesions of relevant anaerobic mouth bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on Ti- and ZrO2-implants were investigated by cultivation and counting bacterial colonies. RESULTS Particle size measurements revealed that 99% of the TiO2-NPs had a size below 100 nm and 88% of the TiO2-MPs sizes were between 50 and 200 nm. Following EC50 values were found for particles (mg/l): 92 (TiO2-MPs) and 15 (TiO2-NPs). A significant increase in olive tail moment (OTM) was found for TiO2-NPs at a concentration of 1/10 EC50. TiO2- and ZrO2-NPs had a higher intranuclear cell uptake efficiency, compared to corresponding TiO2- and ZrO2-MPs. All investigated particles could be detected in cell nucleus. Adhesion of all investigated bacterial species was significantly higher on Ti-implants, compared to ZrO2-implants. CONCLUSION Ti usually develops an oxide layer (TiO2). Particles released from Ti-implants should be TiO2-particles or Ti-particles coated with a TiO2-layer. Toxicity of released Ti-particles depends on their oxidation state and on their size (NP or MP). Particularly, NPs were more cyto- and genotoxic compared to the corresponding MPs. TiO2- and ZrO2-NPs showed a significant increase in the intranuclear cell uptake ratio at higher exposure concentration, compared to lower concentrations and consequently might lead to a higher potential of DNA damage. Adhesion of bacteria to ZrO2-implants is reduced, compared to Ti-implants. Therefore, ZrO2-implants might contribute to reduced biological complications (e.g. periimplantitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dhein
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Haller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Xaver Reichl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Milz
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kollmuss
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Högg
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.
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Hampe T, Wiessner A, Frauendorf H, Alhussein M, Karlovsky P, Bürgers R, Krohn S. A comparative in vitro study on monomer release from bisphenol A-free and conventional temporary crown and bridge materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12826. [PMID: 34879174 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the release of common monomers from two conventional and two bisphenol A (BPA)-free temporary crown and bridge materials. Cylindrical samples of all materials were prepared (N = 90; five samples for each material and cycle of analysis). All samples were immersed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water and incubated for 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 7 days in an incubation shaker at 37°C and 112 rpm. Extraction was performed in accordance with ISO 10993-12. Eluted monomers were detected and quantified by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV/Vis-MS). Analysis of BPA was performed by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (HPLC-UV/Vis) and positive results were verified by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Neither bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) nor BPA was quantifiable in any of the crown and bridge samples investigated in the present study. However, all samples contained triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and/or urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) after 24 h of incubation. Statistical analysis showed that significantly more UDMA was released from the BPA-free materials than from the conventional materials. All concentrations of UDMA measured were below the effective cytotoxic concentrations previously reported. However, for a few materials, especially BPA-free temporary crown and bridge materials, the levels of UDMA were above previously reported potentially harmful concentrations for local cells. As BPA-free materials were introduced as being more biocompatible than materials containing BPA, substitution of Bis-GMA with UDMA should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Hampe
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Wiessner
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Alhussein
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Bürgers
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Sürmelioğlu D, Hepokur C, Yavuz SA, Aydın U. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of different universal adhesive systems. J Conserv Dent 2021; 23:384-389. [PMID: 33623241 PMCID: PMC7883794 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_376_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of different universal adhesive systems in the mouse fibroblast cell line L929. Materials and Methods: L929 (mouse fibroblast) cells were exposed to G-Premio Bond (GPB) (GC Europe, Belgium), Prime&Bond Universal (Dentsply Sirona, USA), Universal Bond Quick (Kuraray, USA), Single Bond (SB) Universal (3M ESPE, USA), and Tokuyama Universal Bond (TB) (Tokuyama, USA). Cell viability was assessed by the 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide test, whereas oxidative DNA damage was assessed by determining the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level using an enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results: Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TB and SB Universal groups were significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). Among the adhesives tested, GPB (93.0 ± 1.3) had the least cytotoxicity, while TB (67.3 ± 3.0) had the most cytotoxic effect. In terms of genotoxicity, GPB (2.2 ± 0.3) had the least genotoxic effect, while Tokuyama Bond Universal (4.17 ± 0.4) had the most genotoxic effect. Conclusions: Universal adhesive systems used in dentistry have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in live cells. Universal adhesive systems should, therefore, be used with caution due to their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Sürmelioğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Hepokur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sevim Atılan Yavuz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Uğur Aydın
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Soykut B, Erdem O, Yalçın CÖ, Üstündağ A, Duydu Y, Akay C, Pişkin B. Occupational exposure of dental technicians to methyl methacrylate: Genotoxicity assessment. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 852:503159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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He X, Reichl FX, Milz S, Michalke B, Wu X, Sprecher CM, Yang Y, Gahlert M, Röhling S, Kniha H, Hickel R, Högg C. Titanium and zirconium release from titanium- and zirconia implants in mini pig maxillae and their toxicity in vitro. Dent Mater 2020; 36:402-412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Kavuncu G, Yilmaz AM, Karademir Yilmaz B, Yilmaz Atali P, Altunok EC, Kuru L, Agrali OB. Cytotoxicity of Different Nano Composite Resins on Human Gingival and Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Cell Lines: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8030048. [PMID: 32121617 PMCID: PMC7148444 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the cytotoxicity of three different nano composite resins (CRs) on human gingival fibroblast (hGF) and periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cell lines. These CRs selected were nanohybrid organic monomer-based Admira Fusion (AF), nanohybrid Bis-(acryloyloxymethyl) tricyclo [5.2.1.0.sup.2,6] decane-based Charisma Topaz (CT), and supra nano filled resin-based Estelite Quick Sigma (EQS). MTT assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity of CRs at 24 h and one week. AF and EQS applied on hGF cells at 24 h and one week demonstrated similar cytotoxic outcomes. Cytotoxicity of CT on hGF cells at one week was higher than 24 h (p = 0.04). Cytotoxicity of CT on hGF cells was higher at 24 h (p = 0.002) and one week (p = 0.009) compared to control. All composites showed higher cytotoxicity on hPDLF cells at one week than the 24 h (AF; p = 0.02, CT; p = 0.02, EQS; p = 0.04). AF and EQS demonstrated lower cytotoxicity on hPDLF cells than the control group at 24 h (AF; p = 0.01, EQS; p = 0.001). CT was found more cytotoxic on hPDLF cells than the control (p = 0.01) and EQS group (p = 0.008) at one week. The cytotoxicity of CRs on hGF and hPDLF cells vary, according to the type of composites, cell types, and exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Kavuncu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; (G.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Ayse Mine Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; (A.M.Y.); (B.K.Y.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; (A.M.Y.); (B.K.Y.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Pinar Yilmaz Atali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey;
| | - Elif Cigdem Altunok
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey;
| | - Leyla Kuru
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; (G.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Omer Birkan Agrali
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; (G.K.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-216-421-16-21
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Alkurt M, Duymus ZY, Sisci T. Comparison of the Effects of Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of Self-adhesive, Eugenol and Noneugenol Temporary and Traditional Cements on Gingiva and Pulp Living Cells. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206819850960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of cements: zinc polycarboxylate, glass ionomer, self-adhesive resin cement, eugenol-containing and eugenol-free temporary cements. Materials and methods: The agar-diffusion test was carried out on 4 types of bacteria: Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans; ATCC 35668), Streptococcus salivarius ( S. salivarius; ATCC 13419), Streptococcus sangius ( S. sangius; ATCC 10556), and Lactobacillus casei ( L. casei; ATCC 27139). Freshly prepared cement samples were placed on a brain heart infusion medium and left at 37°C for 24 hours in a CO2 incubator. Ampicillin disks of 10 mg were used as positive controls. Antimicrobial effects were determined using the zone of inhibition measurement in millimeters at 24 and 48 hours. Cytotoxicity was assessed through a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). To evaluate cell viability, an optical density microplate reader (Tecan™ Sunrise, Männedorf, Switzerland) was used at 24 and 48 hours at 570 and 630 nm, respectively. Results: Except the positive control group, the Adhesor luting cement showed a higher inhibitory effect on S. sangius and L. casei. RelyX Temp E temporary cement showed an inhibitory effect on S. sangius and L. casei, whereas the Cavex temporary cement showed an inhibitory effect on only S. sangius at 24 and 48 hours. At 100% concentration, Cavex temporary cement showed the least toxicity (23.6% pulp cell and 9.9% gingival cell) and highest cell viability (76.4% pulp cell and 90.1% gingival cell) at 24 hours. However, Meron, Adhesor, Panavia SA luting, and RelyX Temp E temporary cements showed the highest toxicity (above 94% gingival cell and 95% pulp cell) at 100% concentration. Conclusions: Meron, Adhesor, Panavia SA luting, and RelyX Temp E temporary cements may have a cytotoxic potential. None of the cements showed an inhibitory effect on S. mutan and S. salivarius, whereas Adhesor luting cement has a higher inhibitory effect than that of S. sangius and L. casei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Alkurt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yesil Duymus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tugay Sisci
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Florian B, Michel K, Steffi G, Nicole H, Frant M, Klaus L, Henning S. MSC differentiation on two-photon polymerized, stiffness and BMP2 modified biological copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:035001. [PMID: 30699400 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone tissue regeneration requires a three-dimensional biological setting. An ideal scaffold should enable cell proliferation and differentiation by mimicking structure and mechanical properties of the compromised defect as well as carrying growth factors. Two-photon polymerization (2PP) allows the preparation of 3D structures with a micrometric resolution. METHODS In this study, 2PP was applied to design scaffolds made from biocompatible methacrylated D,L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone copolymers (LC) with a controlled porous architecture. Proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells on LC was analyzed and compared to a standard inorganic urethane-dimethacrylate (UDMA) matrix. To functionalize LC and UDMA surfaces we analyzed a biomimetic, layer-by-layer coating, which could be modified in stiffness and integration of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and evaluated its effect on osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS On LC surfaces, BMSC demonstrated an optimal proliferation within pore sizes of 60-100 μm and showed a continuous expression of Vimentin. On the polyelectrolyte multilayer coating a significant increase in BMSC proliferation and differentiation as marked by Osteonectin expression was achieved using stiffness modification and BMP2 functionalization. CONCLUSION Combining 3D-Design with biofunctionalization, LC offers a promising approach for future regenerative applications in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Böhrnsen Florian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medicine Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Yang Y, Reichl FX, Ilie N, Shi J, Dhein J, Hickel R, Högg C. Antioxidants as a novel dental resin-composite component: Effect on elution and degree of conversion. Dent Mater 2019; 35:650-661. [PMID: 30799090 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ascorbic acid (Asc) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were reported to reduce genotoxicity induced by dental (co)monomers and their epoxy metabolites. The aim of the present study was to investigate Asc or NAC as novel components in light-curable methacrylate based dental composites regarding their effects on degree of conversion (DC) and elution of composite components. Additionally, the release of Asc or NAC was determined. METHODS Asc or NAC (1, 0.1, 0.01 or 0 wt%) was experimentally incorporated into the composites Venus®, Grandio® and FiltekTM Supreme XTE and polymerized according to the instruction of manufacturers. The samples were elussted in methanol and water. For each composite-antioxidant mixture and elution medium four samples (n = 4) were prepared. The eluates were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolett/diode array detection (HPLC/UV/DAD) and high-performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection (HPLC/FLD). DC of composite-antioxidant mixtures was measured in real-time with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS The highest concentrations of eluted Asc were 313.98 μM (Venus®-1 wt% Asc; 1 day; methanol) and 245.34 μM (FiltekTM Supreme XTE-1 wt% Asc; 5 min; water). The highest concentrations of eluted NAC were 42.99 μM (1 day; Filtek™ Supreme XTE-1 wt% NAC; 1 day; methanol) and 108.11 μM (Filtek™ Supreme XTE-1 wt% NAC; 7 day; water). Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) elution was significantly increased in Venus®-1 wt% Asc and Grandio®-1 wt% Asc (1 day and 7 day methanol/water), compared to control. No significant difference was found for TEGDMA elution in Filtek™ Supreme XTE-1 wt% Asc/NAC. DC was significantly decreased compared to control (= composite without antioxidant) in Grandio® and Filtek™ Supreme XTE after 1, 0.1 and 0.01 wt% Asc incorporation and in Venus® after 1 and 0.1 wt% Asc incorporation. For composite-NAC mixtures, only DC of Grandio®-1 wt% NAC was significantly reduced. SIGNIFICANCE Incorporation of NAC (1 wt%), as a novel composite component, into Filtek™ Supreme XTE, had no effect on DC and composite component elution, and supplies sufficient amount of antioxidant which may reduce toxicity. Therefore, it represents a beneficial mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, China; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Xaver Reichl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Jianwei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, China; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Dhein
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Högg
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.
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dos Santos A, André CB, Martim GC, Schuquel ITA, Pfeifer CS, Ferracane JL, Tominaga TT, Khalil NM, Radovanovic E, Girotto EM. Methacrylate saccharide-based monomers for dental adhesive systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION & ADHESIVES 2018; 87:1-11. [PMID: 31130758 PMCID: PMC6533006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to synthesize three new methacrylate monomers based on the modification of saccharides structures (glucose-Gluc, sucrose-Sucr and chitosan-Chit) with glycidyl methacrylate, and to use them in the composition of dental adhesives. Three methacrylate saccharide monomers were synthesized and characterized by mid-IR, 1H and 13C NMR, antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effect. Monomers included: one monosaccharide - Gluc-MA; one disaccharide - Sucr-MA; and one polysaccharide - Chit-MA. Primers containing HEMA, methacrylate saccharide monomers at concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 2 or 4 wt%, 60 wt% ethanol aqueous solution (pH3.0) and initiator system were formulated. Primers were used in conjunction with a bond step and composite paste to restore caries-free third molars, and dentin bond strength (24 hours and 6 month of storage in water), and antimicrobial activity (Alamar Blue test) were tested. Degree of conversion (DC) and maximum rate of polymerization (Rpmax) of the primers themselves were also analyzed. The mid-IR, 1H and 13C spectrum confirmed the presence of vinyl group on the structure of saccharides. Chit-MA showed low antioxidant activity and did not present a cytotoxic effect. Gluc-MA and Sucr-MA possess antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, concentration dependent. In the presence of methacrylate saccharide monomers, the primers showed DC comparable to the control group, except Gluc-MA4%, Sucr-MA4% and Chit-MA1%, which showed a range of 64.6 from 58.5 %DC. Rpmax was not statistically different for all the groups (p = 0.01). The bond strength of Sucr-MA1% increased from 25.7 (±2.8) to 40.6 (±5.3) MPa after 6 months of storage. All the synthesized monomers showed some antimicrobial activity after polymerization. Gluc-MA and Chit-MA 4% and Sucr-MA 1, 2 and 4% led to decrease bacterial metabolism. Sucr-MA 1% showed better results regarding the decrease in bacterial metabolism and increasing the bond strength after 6 months of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa dos Santos
- Materials Chemistry and Sensors Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, United State of America
| | - Carolina B. André
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Limeira Avenue, 901, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gedalias C. Martim
- Materials Chemistry and Sensors Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivania T. A. Schuquel
- Materials Chemistry and Sensors Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Carmem S. Pfeifer
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, United State of America
| | - Jack L. Ferracane
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, United State of America
| | - Tania T. Tominaga
- Department of Physics, State University of the Midwest, Simeao Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Najeh M. Khalil
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of the Midwest, Simeao Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Radovanovic
- Materials Chemistry and Sensors Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Emerson M. Girotto
- Materials Chemistry and Sensors Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Tigani EK, Skrtic D, Valerio MS, Kaufman G. Assessing the effect of triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate on tissue repair in 3D organotypic cultures. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:247-259. [PMID: 30229966 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leachables from dental restoratives induce toxicity in gingival and pulp tissues and affect tissue regeneration/healing. Appropriate testing of these materials requires a platform that mimics the in vivo environment and allows the architectural self-assembly of cells into tissue constructs. In this study, we employ a new 3D model to assess the impact of triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) on early organization and advanced recruitment/accumulation of immortalized mouse gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and dental papilla mesenchymal cells (DPMCs) in extracellular matrix. We hypothesize that TEGDMA (1) interferes with the developmental architecture of GFs and DPMCs, and (2) inhibits the deposition of mineral. To test these hypotheses, GFs and DPMCs were incubated with the soluble TEGDMA at concentrations (0-2.5) mmol/L. Diameter and thickness of the constructs were determined by microscopic analysis. Cell differentiation was assessed by immunocytochemistry and the secreted mineral detected by alizarin-red staining. TEGDMA interfered with the development of GFs and/or DPMCs microtissues in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting growth of inter-spherical cell layers and decreasing spheroid size (four to six times). At low/moderate TEGDMA levels, GFs organoids retained their structures while reducing thickness up to 21%. In contrast, at low TEGDMA doses, architecture of DPMC organoids was altered and thickness decreased almost twofold. Overall, developmental ability of TEGDMA-exposed GFs and DPMCs depended on TEGDMA level. GFs constructs were more resistant to structural modifications. The employed 3D platform was proven as an efficient tool for quantifying the effects of leachables on tissue repair capacities of gingiva and dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise K Tigani
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Drago Skrtic
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Michael S Valerio
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Gili Kaufman
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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Cytotoxic and biological effects of bulk fill composites on rat cortical neuron cells. Odontology 2018; 106:377-388. [PMID: 29594827 PMCID: PMC6153994 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate potential cellular responses and biological effects of new generation dental composites on cortical neuron cells in two different exposure times. The study group included five different bulk-fill flow able composites; Surefil SDR Flow, X-tra Base Flow, Venus Bulk Flow, Filtek Bulk Flow and Tetric-Evo Flow. They were filled in Teflon molds (Height: 4 mm, Width: 6 mm) and irradiated for 20 s. Cortical neuron cells were inoculated into 24-well plates. After 80% of the wells were coated, the 3 µm membrane was inserted and dental filling materials were added. The experiment was continued for 24 and 72 h. Cell viability measured by MTT assay test, total antioxidant and total oxidant status were examined using real assay diagnostic kits. The patterns of cell death (apoptosis) were analyzed using annexin V-FITC staining with flow cytometry. Β-defensins were quantitatively assessed by RT-PCR. IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 cytokines were measured from the supernatants. All composites significantly affected analyses parameters during the exposure durations. Our data provide evidence that all dental materials tested are cytotoxic in acute phase and these effects are induced cellular death after different exposure periods. Significant cytotoxicity was detected in TE, XB, SS, FBF and VBF groups at 24 and 72 h, respectively.
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Kurt A, Altintas SH, Kiziltas MV, Tekkeli SE, Guler EM, Kocyigit A, Usumez A. Evaluation of residual monomer release and toxicity of self-adhesive resin cements. Dent Mater J 2017; 37:40-48. [PMID: 29225277 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of leached residual monomers from self-adhesive resin cements and evaluate their toxicity in-vitro. A total of 60 disk-shaped specimens (5 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness) were prepared from each cement (RelyX U200, SpeedCEM, G-Cem) (n=20). Specimens were immersed in artificial saliva and the amount of released monomers [urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)] was identified. Then, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effect on cells were evaluated using the defined amounts of released monomers from cements. The highest monomer release was detected in G-Cem (p<0.05). The highest cytotoxicity value was identified from SpeedCEM (p<0.01) and the highest genotoxicity values were calculated from RelyX U200 (p<0.05). Released UDMA and TEGDMA from self-adhesive resin cements induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effect on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Kurt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University
| | - Subutay Han Altintas
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University
| | | | - Serife Evrim Tekkeli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University
| | - Eray Metin Guler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University
| | - Abdurrahim Kocyigit
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University
| | - Aslihan Usumez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University
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Yilmaz B, Doğan S, Çelikler Kasimoğullari S. Hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of poly(methylmethacrylate)/nanohydroxyapatite nanocomposites synthesized by melt blending method. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1331349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begümhan Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Balikesir University Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Serap Doğan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Balikesir University Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir, Turkey
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Styllou P, Styllou M, Hickel R, Högg C, Reichl FX, Scherthan H. NAC ameliorates dental composite-induced DNA double-strand breaks and chromatin condensation. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:638-646. [PMID: 28747595 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Released (co)monomers from dental composite components can induce DNA damage of which DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) threaten genome integrity. Here, we tested whether the administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is able to reduce the dental composite-induced DSBs in primary human gingiva fibroblasts. The dental composites Bis-GMA (bisphenol-A-glycerolate dimethacrylate), GMA (glycidyl methacrylate), HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and TEGDMA (triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) were found to induce co-localizing microscopic nuclear foci numbers of the DSB markers γ-H2AX and 53BP1 per cell in the order: GMA>Bis-GMA>TEGDMA>HEMA. Supplementation of (co)monomer-containing culture medium with NAC led to a significant reduction of resin-induced DSBs as well as to an amelioration of dental monomer-induced nuclear chromatin condensation in gingival fibroblasts. Thus, antioxidant treatment can reduce radical-induced chromatin and DNA damage and open avenues to mitigate genotoxic effects of dental composite compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panorea Styllou
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Marianthi Styllou
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Christof Högg
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Franz Xaver Reichl
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affil. to the University of Ulm
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Genotoxic potential of dental bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater 2017; 33:788-795. [PMID: 28535953 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate both genotoxicity and hardening of bulk-fill composite materials applied in 4-mm layer thickness and photo-activated for different exposure times. METHODS Three flowable bulk-fill materials and one conventional flowable composite were filled in molds (height: 4mm) and irradiated for 20 or 30s. The top (0mm) and bottom (4mm) specimen surface were mechanically scraped, and eluates (0.01g composite in 1.5ml RPMI 1640 cell culture media) prepared for each material, surface level and irradiation time. Genotoxicity was assessed in human leukocytes using both the alkaline comet assay and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay, and Knoop hardness (KHN) was measured at the top and bottom specimen surface (n=8). RESULTS At both irradiation times, none of the bulk-fill composites significantly affected comet assay parameters used in primary DNA damage assessment or induced significant formation of any of the scored chromatin abnormalities (number of micronuclei, nuclear buds, nucleoplasmic bridges), whether eluates were obtained from the top or bottom surface. Furthermore, no decrease in KHN from the top to the bottom surface of the bulk-fill materials was observed. On the other hand, the conventional composite irradiated for 20s showed at 4-mm depth a significant increase in the percentage of DNA that migrated in the tail and a significant increase in the number of nuclear buds, as well as a significant decrease in KHN relative to the top surface. SIGNIFICANCE Bulk-fill resin composites, in contrast to conventional composite, applied in 4-mm thickness and photo-activated for at least 20s do not induce relevant genotoxic effects or mechanical instability.
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Yıldız M, Alp HH, Gül P, Bakan N, Özcan M. Lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation caused by dental filling materials. J Dent Sci 2017; 12:233-240. [PMID: 30895056 PMCID: PMC6400006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The two direct dental restorative materials most commonly used today are silver-mercury amalgam and resin-based composites. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of these two restorative materials and substances released by these into the oral environment on lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation after entering the blood circulation. Materials and methods Blood samples from 41 patients were collected before and 24 hours after the application of these restorative materials. The 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine/deoxyguanosine ratio in these samples was measured to determine oxidative DNA damage, and malondialdehyde levels were measured to define lipid peroxidation. The paired samples t test and Pearson correlation analysis were used for the analysis of variables (α = 0.05). Results While no statistically significant difference was observed after amalgam filling application in terms of DNA oxidation, a significant difference was observed after composite application (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant increase was determined in malondialdehyde levels of two materials (P < 0.05). In both amalgam and composite applications, a significant difference was observed before and after application in terms of released substances (mercury and unpolymerized monomer, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusion Mercury increased lipid peroxidation and Bis-GMA and TEGDMA dental resins increased both lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yıldız
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamit Hakan Alp
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Pınar Gül
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nuri Bakan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- University of Zurich, Dental Materials Unit, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, Zurich, Switzerland
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Manojlovic D, Dramićanin MD, Miletic V, Mitić-Ćulafić D, Jovanović B, Nikolić B. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of a low-shrinkage monomer and monoacylphosphine oxide photoinitiator: Comparative analyses of individual toxicity and combination effects in mixtures. Dent Mater 2017; 33:454-466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Catunda RQ, Vieira JRC, de Oliveira EB, da Silva EC, Brasil VLM, Perez DEDC. Citotoxicity evaluation of three dental adhesives on vero cells in vitro. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e61-e66. [PMID: 28149465 PMCID: PMC5268097 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate, in vitro, the potential cytotoxicity of three different dental adhesives systems (Adper Single Bond 2 -SB, Silorane System Adhesive Bond -SSAB and Single Bond Universal -SBU) on cultivated Vero cells after different contact times. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cells were cultured in a concentration of 2 x 105 cells/mL for 24h and grown to sub-confluent monolayers. VERO cells were exposed to 25µl of conditioned extracts obtained from 24h, 48h and 72h immersion of adhesive samples in culture medium (DMEM), immediately after polymerization. Fresh DMEM was used as negative control. Cell metabolism was evaluated by the MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide). The data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA, considering a significance of 5%. RESULTS The values of cell viability ranged from 94.2% at 72h (SBU) to 109.6% at 48h (SB). The mean percentage of viability after exposure to the extracts of SB, SSAB and SBU were 103.2%, 100.63% and 97.43%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p= 0.342) between the experimental and negative control groups. CONCLUSIONS At all exposure times, all adhesives tested in this study presented no cytotoxicity to Vero cells in vitro. Key words:Biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, dental adhesives, Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa-Queiroz Catunda
- MSc student, Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Erwelly-Barros de Oliveira
- Professor, Department of Histology and Embryology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Eliete-Cavalcanti da Silva
- Undergraduate, Department of Histology and Embryology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Veruska-Lima-Moura Brasil
- PhD student, Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Danyel-Elias-da Cruz Perez
- Professor, Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Longo DL, Paula-Silva FWG, Faccioli LH, Gatón-Hernández PM, Queiroz AMD, Silva LABD. Cytotoxicity and cytokine expression induced by silorane and methacrylate-based composite resins. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:338-43. [PMID: 27556204 PMCID: PMC4990362 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and cytokine production induced by light-cured or non-light-cured methacrylate-based and silorane composite resins in RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cells were stimulated with the extracts from light-cured or non-light-cured composite resins. After incubation for 24 h, cytotoxicity was assessed with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays, and total protein was quantified using the Lowry method. TNF-α detection was examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) conducted with cell supernatants after cell stimulation for 6, 12, and 24 h. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). RESULTS KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic with or without light curing (p<0.05) after 24 h of incubation. KaloreTM stimulated the early production of TNF-α in comparison with control (p<0.05), whereas FiltekTM Silorane did not affect TNF-α levels after 6 and 12 h (p>0.05). However, after 24 h FiltekTM Silorane inhibited the production of TNF-α (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic regardless of light curing. The extract obtained from KaloreTM after 15 days of incubation stimulated the production of TNF-α, unlike that obtained from FiltekTM Silorane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lucca Longo
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Lucia Helena Faccioli
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Maria Gatón-Hernández
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat d'Odontologia, Department d'Odontopediatria, Barcelona, España
| | - Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Huang FM, Chang YC, Lee SS, Yeh CH, Lee KG, Huang YC, Chen CJ, Chen WY, Pan PH, Kuan YH. BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in macrophages are attenuated by wogonin via reduction of intrinsic caspase pathway activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:176-184. [PMID: 26756871 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) is a frequently used monomer in dental restorative resins. However, BisGMA could leach from dental restorative resins after polymerization leading to inflammation in the peripheral environment. Wogonin, a natural flavone derivative, has several benefits, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Pretreatment of macrophage RAW264.7 cells with wogonin inhibited cytotoxicity which is induced by BisGMA in a concentration-dependent manner. BisGMA induced apoptotic responses, such as redistribution of phosphatidylserine from the internal to the external membrane and DNA fragmentation, were decreased by wogonin in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, BisGMA-induced genotoxicity, which detected by cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus and single-cell gel electrophoresis assays, were inhibited by wogonin in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, wogonin suppressed BisGMA-induced activation of intrinsic caspase pathways, such as caspases-3 and -8. Parallel trends were observed in inhibition of caspase-3 and -8 activities, apoptosis, and genotoxicity. These results indicate wogonin suppressed the BisGMA-induced apoptosis and genotoxicity mainly via intrinsic caspase pathway in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine & Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Gee Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Huang
- School of Health, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Ho Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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NAI GA, LOGAR GDA, MORI GG, TEIXEIRA LM, SILVA BCFD, MORAES AEMD, CABRAL FA. Evaluation of the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Ca3SiO5-based cement. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100277. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Dental composite components induce DNA-damage and altered nuclear morphology in gingiva fibroblasts. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1335-44. [PMID: 26382061 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Released dental composite components can damage human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and their DNA. The cytotoxicity, chromatin condensation and the induction of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) by different compounds of dental composites was investigated using an improved γ-H2AX focus assay. METHODS HGFs were incubated with the monomers: bisphenol-A-ethoxylate-dimethacrylate (Bis-DMA), bisphenol-A-glycerolate-dimethacrylate (BisGMA), ethyltriethylen glycol methacrylate (ETEGMA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), 1,6-hexandiol-dimethycrylate (HDDMA), trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TMPTA), and acrylamide (ACR). DSBs were determined by enumerating γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci colocalized at DSBs. RESULTS A concentration-dependent induction of DSBs was found in the order: GMA>BisGMA>ACR>Bis-DMA>HDDMA>TMPTA>ETEGMA. HGFs exposure to GMA (0.3mM) and to BisGMA (0.09mM) induced the highest rate of DSB foci, i.e. 12-fold and 8-fold, respectively, relative to control (0.33 DSB foci/cell). At the highest concentrations (EC50) prominent changes in the chromatin morphology of HGF cell nuclei, i.e. compaction of nuclear chromatin and reduction of the area covered by the ovoid fibroblast nuclei, were observed. Nuclear condensation was significantly induced by GMA (1.7-fold at 0.3mM) and BisGMA (1.6-fold at 0.09mM), which correlated with the highest numbers of induced DSB foci (GMA, BisGMA, 3.9 and 2.6 foci/cell, respectively). SIGNIFICANCE The improved γ-H2AX/53BP1 focus assay revealed a concentration-dependent increase in DSBs for all tested substances. Furthermore, concentration-dependent changes in HGF cell nucleus morphology was noted, demonstrating genotoxic effects of the substances tested.
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Ginzkey C, Zinnitsch S, Steussloff G, Koehler C, Hackenberg S, Hagen R, Kleinsasser NH, Froelich K. Assessment of HEMA and TEGDMA induced DNA damage by multiple genotoxicological endpoints in human lymphocytes. Dent Mater 2015; 31:865-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Intracellular uptake and toxicity of three different Titanium particles. Dent Mater 2015; 31:734-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Huang FM, Kuan YH, Lee SS, Chang YC. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of triethyleneglycol-dimethacrylate in macrophages involved in DNA damage and caspases activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:581-588. [PMID: 24307521 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Triethyleneglycol-dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is a monomer and widely used in dental composite resins. TEGDMA has been found to exhibit cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on many cells. However, little is known about the potential toxicological implications of TEGDMA on murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. In this study, TEGDMA demonstrated a cytotoxic effect to RAW264.7 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). TEGDMA was found to induce two modes of cell death in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). TEGDMA-induced cell apoptosis was demonstrated by the increase in the portion of sub-G0/G1 phase and DNA ladder formation. In addition, TEGDMA exhibited genotoxicity via a dose-related increase in the numbers of micronucleus and DNA strand breaks (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 were generated by TEGDMA in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). These results indicated that cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by TEGDMA in macrophages may be via DNA damage and caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang W, Li M, Cui Y, Gao X, Chen K, Qian X. Potential health impact and genotoxicity analysis of drinking source water from Liuxihe Reservoir (P.R. China). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:647-656. [PMID: 24429671 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water from the Liuxihe Reservoir (a source of drinking water for Guangzhou City, P. R. China) was analyzed for semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and the results were used for a potential health impact assessment and genotoxicity test with the microalgae Euglena gracilis. The SVOCs were tested using USEPA Method 525.2, and the health risk assessment was conducted at a screening level using the hazard quotient (HQ) approach. Alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) was used to evaluate DNA damage and determine the genotoxicity of the source water. The concentrations of the SVOCs in Liuxihe Reservoir were very low and phthalic acid esters were the main SVOCs present. The mean HQ values of pollutants were all less than one, indicating no risk. However, the lifetime carcinogenic risks (LCRs) were found to be close to the threshold of 1.00E-5. The results show that the water in the Liuxihe Reservoir might pose a potential carcinogenic risk to local residents. The highly concentrated extracts of the water samples could induce DNA damage in the microalgal cells and a dose-effect relationship was identified. These results showed that Liuxihe Reservoir water, as a source of drinking water, could pose a potential LCR to local consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Gallorini M, Cataldi A, di Giacomo V. HEMA-induced cytotoxicity: oxidative stress, genotoxicity and apoptosis. Int Endod J 2014; 47:813-8. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; Chieti Italy
| | - A. Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; Chieti Italy
| | - V. di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; Chieti Italy
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35
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Shehata M, Durner J, Eldenez A, Van Landuyt K, Styllou P, Rothmund L, Hickel R, Scherthan H, Geurtsen W, Kaina B, Carell T, Reichl FX. Cytotoxicity and induction of DNA double-strand breaks by components leached from dental composites in primary human gingival fibroblasts. Dent Mater 2013; 29:971-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bianchi L, Ribeiro APD, de Oliveira Carrilho MR, Pashley DH, de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J. Transdentinal cytotoxicity of experimental adhesive systems of different hydrophilicity applied to ethanol-saturated dentin. Dent Mater 2013; 29:980-90. [PMID: 23906501 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the transdentinal cytotoxicity of experimental adhesive systems (EASs) with different hydrophilicity and dentin saturation solutions on odontoblast-like cells. One hundred 0.4-mm-thick dentin discs were mounted in in vitro pulp chambers and assigned to 10 groups. MDPC-23 cells were seeded onto the pulpal side of the discs, incubated for 48h. The EASs with increasing hydrophilicity (R1, R2, R3 and R4) were applied to the occlusal side after etching and saturation of etched dentin with water or ethanol. R0 (no adhesive) served as controls. R1 is a non-solvated hydrophobic blend, R2 is similar to a simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive system and R3 and R4 are similar to self-etching adhesives. After 24h, cell metabolism was evaluated by MTT assay (n=8 discs) and cell morphology was examined by SEM (n=2 discs). Type of cell death was identified by flow cytometry and the degree of monomer conversion (%DC) was determined by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) after 10s or 20s of photoactivation. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Dentin saturation with ethanol resulted in higher necrotic cell death ratios for R2, R3 and R4 compared with water saturation, although R2 and R3 induced higher SDH production. Photoactivation for 20s significantly improved the %DC of all EASs compared with 10s. A significant positive correlation was observed between the degree of hydrophilicity and %DC. In conclusion, except for R1, dentin saturation with ethanol increased the cytotoxicity of EASs, as expressed by the induction of necrotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Bianchi
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Yamada M, Kojima N, Att W, Hori N, Suzuki T, Ogawa T. N-Acetyl cysteine restores viability and function of rat odontoblast-like cells impaired by polymethylmethacrylate dental resin extract. Redox Rep 2013; 14:13-22. [DOI: 10.1179/135100009x392430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Furche S, Hickel R, Reichl F, van Landuyt K, Shehata M, Durner J. Quantification of elutable substances from methacrylate based sealers and their cytotoxicity effect on with human gingival fibroblasts. Dent Mater 2013; 29:618-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Tadin A, Marovic D, Galic N, Milevoj A, Medvedec Mikic I, Zeljezic D. Genotoxic biomonitoring of flowable and non-flowable composite resins in peripheral blood leukocytes. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:923-9. [PMID: 23088700 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.734419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Composite restorative materials represent one of the most important groups of materials in contemporary dental practice. However, their incomplete polymerization may lead to monomer-induced genotoxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of three flowable (Filtek Supreme XT Flow, Tetric EvoFlow, Gradia Direct Flo) and three non-flowable dental composite materials (Filtek Z250, Tetric EvoCeram, Gradia Direct Posterior). MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotoxicity assessment of composite materials was carried out in vitro in human peripheral blood leukocytes using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis technique (comet assay). Prepared materials were eluted in saline solution for 1 h, 1 day and 5 days. Thereafter leukocyte cultures were treated with different concentrations of eluates obtained from each of the tested dental composite materials. Kruskall-Wallis non-parametric test was used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS The tested materials did not show genotoxic effects after exposure of leucocytes to 1 h eluates. Culture treated with 1 day eluates of all tested materials, only at a highest concentration (10(-2)), affected the measured cytogenetic parameters. Of all tested materials, only Filtek Z250 and Filtek Supreme XT Flow did not exhibit a genotoxic effect in cultures that were under the influence of 5 day eluates. CONCLUSION Tested materials exhibited limited genotoxic activity in peripheral blood leukocytes. Since the effect was observed only in leukocyte cultures treated by 1-day eluates at the highest concentration (10(-2)) and it decreases in cultures exposed to 5 day eluates, it should not pose a significant risk to the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Tadin
- Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
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Tadin A, Galic N, Zeljezic D, Mikelic Vitasovic B, Marovic D, Kovacic I. Ex vivo evaluation of genotoxic effects of four dental adhesives on human leukocytes. J Dent Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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41
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Fluorescent nanoparticles for intracellular sensing: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 751:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Yang ML. The effects of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by 2,2-bis[4-(acryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane via caspases in human gingival fibroblasts. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:755-64. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712462472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of dental materials has raised public concern over the past years. One of the most commonly used methacrylic monomers for building the three-dimensional structure of the dental resin composites is 2,2-bis[4-(acryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (BAPP). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential toxicological implication of BAPP on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Flow cytometric, fluorometric, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assays were used to detect the mode of cell death, caspase activities, and cell viability, respectively. In addition, alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (COMET) and cytokinesis block micronucleus (MN) assays were applied to evaluate the genotoxicity. According to the results BAPP demonstrated a cytotoxic effect on HGFs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. With increasing concentrations of BAPP, the mode of cell death shifted from apoptosis to necrosis, and the activities of caspases 3, 8, and 9 were also significantly induced. Moreover, a dose-related increase in the number of micronucleus and DNA strand breaks hinted at the expression of genotoxicity by BAPP. In conclusion, the results gathered from this study had demonstrated that BAPP-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on HGFs were mediated by DNA damage and the activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Cytotoxicity of Cricula triphenestrata Cocoon Extract on Human Fibroblasts. Int J Biomater 2012; 2012:493075. [PMID: 22919391 PMCID: PMC3420123 DOI: 10.1155/2012/493075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Indonesian silkworm cocoon extract of Cricula triphenestrata on human fibroblasts. Methods and Materials. The cocoon shells of the silkworm Cricula triphenestrata were degumming. The shells were mixed with an aqueous solution of 0.3% Na2CO3 at 98°C for 1 hour. The solution was then dialyzed in cellulose membranes against deionized water for 3 days. The cocoon shells extract powder was collected via rotary evaporation and dried under freeze dryer. Cell culture medium was exposed to Cricula triphenestrata cocoon extract (0.01–100 μg/mL) for 24 hours. The primary human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to the treated cell culture medium for 24 hours. Cytotoxicity evaluation was done by MTT method. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Result. The result revealed no significant cytotoxicity of Cricula triphenestrata cocoon extract against human fibroblasts at a concentration up to 100 μg/mL (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Cricula triphenestrata cocoon extract was not cytotoxic on human gingival fibroblast cells.
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Li YC, Kuan YH, Huang FM, Chang YC. The role of DNA damage and caspase activation in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of macrophages induced by bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate. Int Endod J 2012; 45:499-507. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.02001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Szczepanska J, Pawlowska E, Synowiec E, Czarny P, Rekas M, Blasiak J, Szaflik JP. Protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharide lactate against DNA double-strand breaks induced by a model methacrylate dental adhesive. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:BR201-208. [PMID: 21804456 PMCID: PMC3539618 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monomers of methacrylates used in restorative dentistry have been recently reported to induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro. Because such monomers may penetrate the pulp and oral cavity due to the incompleteness of polymerization and polymer degradation, they may induce a similar effect in vivo. DSBs are the most serious type of DNA damage and if misrepaired or not repaired may lead to mutation, cancer transformation and cell death. Therefore, the protection against DSBs induced by methacrylate monomers released from dental restorations is imperative. Material/Methods We examined the protective action of chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (ChOL) against cytotoxic and genotoxic effects induced by monomers of the model adhesive consisting of 55% bisphenol A-diglycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and 45% 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). We evaluated the extent of DSBs by the neutral comet assay and the phosphorylation of the H2AX histone test. Results ChOL increased the viability of HGFs exposed to Bis-GMA/HEMA as assessed by flow cytometry. ChOL decreased the extent of DSBs induced by Bis-GMA/HEMA as evaluated by neutral comet assay and phosphorylation of the H2AX histone. ChOL did not change mechanical properties of the model adhesive, as checked by the shear bond test. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a better sealing of the dentinal microtubules in the presence of ChOL, which may protect pulp cells against the harmful action of the monomers. Conclusions ChOL can be considered as an additive to methacrylate-based dental materials to prevent DSBs induction, but further studies are needed on its formulation with the methacrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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The inhibition of infection by wound pathogens on scaffold in tissue-forming process using N-acetyl cysteine. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8474-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ansteinsson V, Solhaug A, Samuelsen J, Holme J, Dahl J. DNA-damage, cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis induced in BEAS-2B cells by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 723:158-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Van Landuyt K, Nawrot T, Geebelen B, De Munck J, Snauwaert J, Yoshihara K, Scheers H, Godderis L, Hoet P, Van Meerbeek B. How much do resin-based dental materials release? A meta-analytical approach. Dent Mater 2011; 27:723-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Szczepanska J, Poplawski T, Synowiec E, Pawlowska E, Chojnacki CJ, Chojnacki J, Blasiak J. 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA), a tooth restoration component, exerts its genotoxic effects in human gingival fibroblasts trough methacrylic acid, an immediate product of its degradation. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1561-74. [PMID: 21617943 PMCID: PMC3249584 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), a methacrylate commonly used in dentistry, was reported to induce genotoxic effects, but their mechanism is not fully understood. HEMA may be degraded by the oral cavity esterases or through mechanical stress following the chewing process. Methacrylic acid (MAA) is the primary product of HEMA degradation. In the present work we compared cytotoxic and genotoxic effects induced by HEMA and MAA in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). A 6-h exposure to HEMA or MAA induced a weak decrease in the viability of HGFs. Neither HEMA nor MAA induced strand breaks in the isolated plasmid DNA, but both compounds evoked DNA damage in HGFs, as evaluated by the alkaline comet assay. Oxidative modifications to the DNA bases were monitored by the DNA repair enzymes Endo III and Fpg. DNA damage induced by HEMA and MAA was not persistent and was removed during a 120 min repair incubation. Results from the neutral comet assay indicated that both compounds induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and they were confirmed by the γ-H2AX assay. Both compounds induced apoptosis and perturbed the cell cycle. Therefore, methacrylic acid, a product of HEMA degradation, may be involved in its cytotoxic and genotoxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Poplawski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary J. Chojnacki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Plac Hallera 1, 91-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Plac Hallera 1, 91-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Kaya A, Ündeğer Ü, Aydın S, Ömürlü H, Başaran N. Genotoxicity evaluation of dentine bonding agents by comet assay. Int Endod J 2011; 44:807-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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