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Słuczanowska-Głąbowska S, Jankowska O, Staniszewska M, Pawlik A. The Involvement of Semaphorins in the Pathogenesis of Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17235. [PMID: 38139064 PMCID: PMC10743238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins belong to a group of membrane and secretory proteins that act as ligands for several receptor families and are involved in modulating cell signaling pathways. They bind multimeric receptor complexes on the cell membrane to exert their effects and initiate unique intracellular signal transduction cascades. These proteins can influence several processes that are very important for cell function, such as cell division and differentiation. Semaphorins are involved in cell migration, apoptosis, cell adhesion, aggregation, and numerous immune processes due to their immunoregulatory effects. Semaphorins are expressed in keratinocytes, which is why they have become a target for studies on the pathogenesis of skin diseases. Most studies to date on the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of skin diseases have been carried out in cellular or animal models, and there are few clinical studies evaluating the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis and therapy of skin diseases. In this narrative review, we summarized the current state of knowledge on the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of skin diseases and their potential importance as targets for therapy. We also tried to present the key findings and weaknesses of previous research in this field. The novelty of this article lies in the comprehensive presentation of the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of skin diseases, including the results of studies on cell cultures and animal models, elucidating the mechanisms and signaling pathways through which semaphorins affect the development of skin diseases, as well as on the presentation of the results of existing clinical trials evaluating the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of skin diseases, and as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.S.-G.); (O.J.); (M.S.)
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Tominaga M, Takamori K. Peripheral itch sensitization in atopic dermatitis. Allergol Int 2022; 71:265-277. [PMID: 35624035 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder caused by skin dryness and barrier dysfunction, resulting in skin inflammation and chronic itch (or pruritus). The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is thought to be initiated by a lowering of the itch threshold due to dry skin. This lowering of the itch threshold is at least partially due to the increase in intraepidermal nerve fibers and sensitization of sensory nerves by interleukin (IL)-33 produced and secreted by keratinocytes. Such skin is easily prone to itch due to mechanical stimuli, such as rubbing of clothing and chemical stimuli from itch mediators. In patients with atopic dermatitis, once itch occurs, further itch is induced by scratching, and the associated scratching breaks down the skin barrier. Disruption of the skin barrier allows entry into the epidermis of external foreign substances, such as allergens derived from house dust mites, leading to an increased induction of type 2 inflammatory responses. As a result, type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31 are mainly secreted by Th2 cells, and their action on sensory nerve fibers causes further itch sensitization. These sequences of events are thought to occur simultaneously in patients with atopic dermatitis, leading to a vicious itch-scratch cycle. This vicious cycle becomes a negative spiral that leads to disease burden. Therefore, controlling itch is essential for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. In this review, we summarize and discuss advances in the mechanisms of peripheral itch sensitization in atopic dermatitis, focusing on skin barrier-neuro-immune triadic connectivity.
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Ceylan M, Erbak Yilmaz H, Narin F, Tatakis DN, Saglam M. Gingival crevicular fluid lipocalin-2 and semaphorin3A in stage III periodontitis: Non-surgical periodontal treatment effects. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:724-732. [PMID: 35468224 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Identification of biomarkers to assess individual risk and monitor periodontal health status is important. Research on lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and semaphorin3A (Sema3A) is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) LCN2, Sema3A, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in periodontally healthy (H), gingivitis (G), and periodontitis (P) patients, and their changes following non-surgical periodontal therapy. METHODS Sixty systemically healthy and non-smoker participants, diagnosed as periodontally healthy, gingivitis, and stage III grade C periodontitis, were recruited (n = 20/group). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF samples were obtained at baseline from all groups; for group P, these were repeated one and three months following non-surgical periodontal treatment. GCF LCN2, Sema3A, and TNF-α levels were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS GCF LCN2, Sema3A, and TNF-α total amounts were significantly higher in disease groups than group H (p < .001). Between P and G groups, only TNF-α levels were significantly different (p < .001). Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in significant improvement of all clinical parameters and significant decreases of GCF LCN2 and TNF-α levels, at both time points, compared with baseline (p < .001). Sema3A levels remained unchanged following treatment (p > .05). LCN2 and TNF-α levels were significantly positively correlated with clinical parameters. LCN2 (AUC [area under the curve] = 0.94) and TNF-α (AUC = 0.98) levels were similarly accurate in differentiating between periodontal disease (whether G or P) and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS LCN2 and TNF-α levels in GCF are correlated with clinical parameters and could prove useful as non-invasive screening tools for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Ceylan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huriye Erbak Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir Biomedicine Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Narin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dimitris N Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mehmet Saglam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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Li J, Wang L, Yu D, Hao J, Zhang L, Adeola AC, Mao B, Gao Y, Wu S, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Ren J, Mu C, Irwin DM, Wang L, Hai T, Xie H, Zhang Y. Single-cell RNA-sequencing Reveals Thoracolumbar Vertebra Heterogeneity and Rib-genesis in Pigs. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:423-436. [PMID: 34775075 PMCID: PMC8864194 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thoracolumbar vertebra (TLV) and rib primordium (RP) development is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates, although whole-organism analysis of TLV and RP gene expression dynamics has been lacking. Here we investigated the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of thoracic vertebra (TV), lumbar vertebra (LV), and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization (dpf) and identified six cell types with distinct gene-expression signatures. In-depth dissection of the gene-expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and rib development. Further analysis of cell-type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high levels of Hoxa10 3'-untranslated region (UTR) sequence specific to osteoblast of LV cells, which may function as anti-Hoxa10-antisense by counteracting the Hoxa10-antisense effect to determine TLV transition. Thus, this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell-type-specific resolution, which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ligang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Longchao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Adeniyi C. Adeola
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Shifang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Chunling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10010, China
| | - Jilong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Changgai Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - David M. Irwin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Tang Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Haibing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Kamata Y, Tominaga M, Umehara Y, Honda K, Kamo A, Moniaga CS, Komiya E, Toyama S, Suga Y, Ogawa H, Takamori K. Calcium-Inducible MAPK/AP-1 Signaling Drives Semaphorin 3A Expression in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1346-1354.e5. [PMID: 31945349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocytes are primarily involved in the expression of semaphorin (Sema) 3A, which is involved in the regulation of cutaneous innervation. However, the mechanisms underlying the intracellular signaling of Sema3A expression in keratinocytes remain unknown. We herein investigated the signaling mechanisms for the induction of Sema3A expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Sema3A expression is transiently increased in calcium-stimulated NHEKs, whereas it is markedly decreased in terminally differentiated NHEKs. Sema3A mRNA is mainly localized in the stratum basale and stratum suprabasale of the epidermis. We cloned the 5'-flanking region of the Sema3A gene and identified a critical region for Sema3A promoter activity within -134 base pairs of the start codon. We found transcription factor binding sites, including that for activator protein (AP)-1, in this region. Sema3A expression was increased by the co-overexpression of JunB and Fra-2 in the presence of 0.1 or 1.4 mM calcium. The calcium-mediated transient upregulation of Sema3A expression was significantly suppressed by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) 1/2 or AP-1 inhibitors. These results demonstrate that the calcium-mediated transient upregulation of Sema3A in NHEKs is involved in the MEK/ERK and AP-1 signaling axis. Therefore, Sema3A mRNA may be expressed in the lower epidermis under controlled conditions by calcium via the MAPK-AP-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Kamata
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Anti-Aging Skin Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tominaga
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Anti-Aging Skin Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshie Umehara
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Honda
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kamo
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Faculty of Healthcare and Nursing, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Takasu, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Catharina Sagita Moniaga
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Komiya
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sumika Toyama
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suga
- Anti-Aging Skin Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Anti-Aging Skin Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.
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Li J, Liu HQ, Li XB, Yu WJ, Wang T. Function of Adenosine 2A Receptor in High-Fat Diet-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:7856503. [PMID: 32566683 PMCID: PMC7267854 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7856503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral diabetic neuropathy (DPN) is a complication observed in up to half of all patients with type 2 diabetes. DPN has also been shown to be associated with obesity. High-fat diet (HFD) affects glucose metabolism, and the impaired glucose tolerance can lead to type 2 diabetes. There is evidence to suggest a role of adenosine 2A receptors (A2ARs) and semaphorin 3A (Sema3a) signaling in DPN. The link between the expression of Sema3a and A2AR in DPN was hypothesized, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the regulation of Sema3a by A2AR in the spinal cord and the functional implications thereof in DPN. We examined the expression of A2ARs and Sema3a, as well as Neuropilin 1 and Plexin A, the coreceptors of Sema3a, in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord of an animal model with HFD-induced diabetes. Our results demonstrate that HFD dysregulates the A2AR-mediated Sema3a expression, with functional implications for the type 2 diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy. These observations could stimulate clinical studies to improve our understanding on the subject.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetic Neuropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Neuropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Neuropathies/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nerve Fibers/metabolism
- Nerve Fibers/pathology
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/physiology
- Semaphorin-3A/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan-Qiu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin-Bai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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O'Leary C, McGahon MK, Ashraf S, McNaughten J, Friedel T, Cincolà P, Barabas P, Fernandez JA, Stitt AW, McGeown JG, Curtis TM. Involvement of TRPV1 and TRPV4 Channels in Retinal Angiogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3297-3309. [PMID: 31369032 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigate the contribution of TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels to retinal angiogenesis. Methods Primary retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) were used for RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunolabeling, Ca2+ signaling, and whole-cell patch-clamp studies while localization of TRPV1 also was assessed in retinal endothelial cells using whole mount preparations. The effects of pharmacologic blockers of TRPV1 and TRPV4 on retinal angiogenic activity was evaluated in vitro using sprout formation, cell migration, proliferation, and tubulogenesis assays, and in vivo using the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Heteromultimerization of TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels in RMECs was assessed using proximity ligation assays (PLA) and electrophysiologic recording. Results TRPV1 mRNA and protein expression were identified in RMECs. TRPV1 labelling was found to be mainly localized to the cytoplasm with some areas of staining colocalizing with the plasma membrane. Staining patterns for TRPV1 were broadly similar in endothelial cells of intact vessels within retinal flat mounts. Functional expression of TRPV1 and TRPV4 in RMECs was confirmed by patch-clamp recording. Pharmacologic inhibition of TRPV1 or TRPV4 channels suppressed in vitro retinal angiogenesis through a mechanism involving the modulation of tubulogenesis. Blockade of these channels had no effect on VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis or Ca2+ signals in vitro. PLA and patch-clamp studies revealed that TRPV1 and TRPV4 form functional heteromeric channel complexes in RMECs. Inhibition of either channel reduced retinal neovascularization and promoted physiologic revascularization of the ischemic retina in the OIR mouse model. Conclusions TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention in vasoproliferative diseases of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitriona O'Leary
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mary K McGahon
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sadaf Ashraf
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer McNaughten
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Friedel
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Patrizia Cincolà
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Barabas
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jose A Fernandez
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - J Graham McGeown
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M Curtis
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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8
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Evdokimov D, Kreß L, Dinkel P, Frank J, Sommer C, Üçeyler N. Pain-associated Mediators and Axon Pathfinders in Fibromyalgia Skin Cells. J Rheumatol 2019; 47:140-148. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To investigate whether the expression of cytokine, nociception-associated ion channel, and axon guidance genes in patients with skin cell fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) differs from healthy controls, potentially contributing to pain and small-fiber degeneration in FMS.Methods.We prospectively recruited 128 patients and 26 healthy controls. All study participants underwent neurological examination, and a skin punch biopsy was obtained from the lateral calf and thigh. Skin samples were processed to histologically determine intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) and for primary fibroblast and keratinocyte cell cultures. Gene expression of selected pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines, nociception-associated ion channels, and axon guidance cues was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR.Results.In fibroblasts, transforming growth factor–ß1 (TGF-ß1) gene expression was higher in patients with FMS compared to controls (calf and thigh: p < 0.001). Also, expression was higher in patients than in controls for these variables: hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 (calf: p < 0.01), ephrin-A4 (EFNA4; calf: p < 0.05, thigh: p < 0.001), and ephrin receptor-A4 (EPHA4; thigh: p < 0.05). In keratinocytes, interleukin 10 gene expression was higher in patients with FMS than in controls (thigh: p < 0.05). While no intergroup difference was found for nociception-associated ion channels, EFNA4 and EPHA4 (calf: p < 0.01 each) expression was higher in patients with FMS than in controls. Axon guide expression did not correlate with IENFD.Conclusion.In FMS, skin cells may contribute to cutaneous nociception by differentially expressing membrane-bound and soluble pain mediators and axon pathfinders.
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9
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Wu LY, Li M, Qu ML, Li X, Pi LH, Chen Z, Zhou SL, Yi XQ, Shi XJ, Wu J, Wang S. High glucose up-regulates Semaphorin 3A expression via the mTOR signaling pathway in keratinocytes: A potential mechanism and therapeutic target for diabetic small fiber neuropathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 472:107-116. [PMID: 29203371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is a common complication in diabetes, and is characterized by decreased intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), which is produced by keratinocytes, has a chemorepulsive effect on intraepidermal nerve fibers. mTOR signaling can mediate local protein synthesis that is critical for growth of axons and dendrites. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether Sema3A is up-regulated in diabetic keratinocytes via the mTOR-mediated p70 S6K and 4E-BP1 signaling pathways, and furthermore whether it is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic SFN. IENFD, expression of Sema3A, and mTOR signaling, were evaluated in the skin of diabetic patients with SFN as well as control subjects. Sema3A and mTOR signaling were also assessed in HaCaT cells which had been treated with high glucose (HG) or recombinant Sema3A (rSema3A) in the presence or absence of rapamycin. Small fiber dysfunction was evaluated by examining IENFD and using behavioral tests in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with or without rapamycin. We found that higher Sema3A expression and over-activation of mTOR signaling, was accompanied by reduced IENFD in the skin of diabetic patients compared with control subjects. The expression of Sema3A, and mTOR signaling were up-regulated in HaCaT cells incubated with HG or rSema3A, and this could be attenuated by rapamycin. Hyperalgesia, reduced IENFD, and up-regulated Sema3A and mTOR signaling were also detected in diabetic rats. These effects were ameliorated by rapamycin treatment. Our data indicate that HG up-regulates Sema3A expression by activating mTOR signaling in diabetic keratinocytes. This pathway may therefore play a critical role in diabetic SFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yan Wu
- Dept of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Li
- Dept of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min-Li Qu
- Dept of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin-Hua Pi
- Dept of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi Chen
- Dept of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan-Lei Zhou
- Dept of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yi
- Dept of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia-Jie Shi
- Dept of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Dept of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Shin JH, Chung MJ, Seo JG. A multistrain probiotic formulation attenuates skin symptoms of atopic dermatitis in a mouse model through the generation of CD4 +Foxp3 + T cells. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:32550. [PMID: 27802847 PMCID: PMC5090133 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.32550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the skin. AD develops mainly in infants and young children. It induces skin disorders and signals the initiation of the allergic march including allergic asthma and rhinitis. Probiotics modify intestinal microbial populations in a beneficial way for human and animal hosts by reducing inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVE As a result of their immunomodulatory properties, probiotics have been considered a promising therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of AD. DESIGN In this study, we examined the effects of GI7, a potential probiotic mixture consisting of seven strains of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, on AD in a mouse model. RESULTS Administration of GI7 for 8 weeks reduced AD-like skin lesions and induced changes in the levels of serum markers such as immunoglobulin E and cytokines related to T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells, and in skin barrier genes. Alleviation of AD seems to be associated with GI7-induced generation of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. CONCLUSIONS The probiotic mixture may have potential to improve symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyun Shin
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jun Chung
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Seo
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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11
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Yamada Y, Ueda Y, Nakamura A, Kanayama S, Tamura R, Hashimoto K, Kido H, Matsumoto T, Ishii R. Biphasic increase in scratching behaviour induced by topical application of Dermatophagoides farinae extract in NC/Nga mice. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:611-7. [PMID: 26990308 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease accompanied by severe itching and eczematous lesion. In this study, we applied an ointment containing Dermatophagoides farinae body (Dfb) extract repeatedly on the dorsal skin of NC/Nga mice with barrier disruption to investigate the characteristics of this murine model of human AD. Following repeated topical application of Dfb ointment twice weekly for 2 weeks, the dermatitis score increased gradually, accompanied by an elevation of total immunoglobulin E level in plasma. Topical application of Dfb ointment also caused epidermal hyperplasia and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lesional skin and increased expression of T-helper (Th) 1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in axillary lymph node cells. Furthermore, increased sprouting of intraepidermal nerve fibres was observed with an increase in the content of nerve growth factor and decrease in that of semaphorin 3A in the lesional skin. These findings suggest that the characteristics in this model were similar to those observed in patients with AD. Interestingly, it was observed for the first time that scratching behaviour increased in a biphasic fashion by topical application of Dfb ointment in addition to an increase in spontaneous scratching behaviour in this model. It is also suggested that further clarifying the underlying mechanisms of scratching behaviour in this model leads not only to elucidating the pathogenesis of AD but also to discovering novel therapeutic drugs for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Yamada
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuhki Ueda
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aki Nakamura
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoji Kanayama
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rie Tamura
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Hashimoto
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kido
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsumi Matsumoto
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Ishii
- Strategic Research Planning & Management Department, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Smolyannikova VA, Kubanova AA, Karamova AE, Nefedova MA, Chikin VV. [Role of the skin expression of neuropeptides, neurotrophins and their receptors in the pathogenesis of dermatoses]. Arkh Patol 2015; 77:33-39. [PMID: 26485778 DOI: 10.17116/patol201577433-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to define the role of neurotransmitters and their receptors in the development of itch and in the maintenance of a skin inflammatory response in patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Skin biopsy specimens from 30 patients with psoriasis and 30 patients with atopic dermatitis were investigated by histological, immunoperoxidase, and indirect immunofluorescence assays. The investigators determined the expression of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), amphiregulin, semaphorin 3A, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor (CGRP-R), nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor TrkA, and substance P (SP) and its receptor SP-R. The indirect immunofluorescence assay was used for quantitative analysis. The findings were statistically analyzed using a Statistica 10 program. RESULTS Immunoperoxidase examination of the skin biopsy specimens from patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis revealed enhanced expression of amphiregulin, NGF, and PGP9.5, appearance of positively stained epidermal nerve fibers, and decreased expression of the nerve reduction factor semaphorin 3A in all cases. Some patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis showed increased expression of CGRP and CGRP-R, SP, SP-R, and TrkA. A pronounced inflammatory response was generally observed in these cases. CONCLUSION The investigation performed suggests that atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are characterized by a larger number of epidermal nerve fibers and by a direct correlation between this indicator, disease severity, and itch intensity. The production of neuropeptides and neurotrophins is closely related to the development of a skin inflammatory response irrespective of its cause and dysregulation of these processes is likely to favor the body's sensitization and the chronic pattern the course of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Smolyannikova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A A Kubanova
- State Research Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
| | - A E Karamova
- State Research Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
| | - M A Nefedova
- State Research Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
| | - V V Chikin
- State Research Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
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13
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Kubanova AA, Smolyannikova VA, Chikin VV, Karamova AE. Neurotrophins and neuropeptides as inflammatory mediators in case of chronic dermatosis. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2014. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2014-90-6-57-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This literature review examines the role of neurotrophins and neuropeptides for the development of skin inflammatory reactions in case of chronic inflammatory dermatoses. The article describes inflammatory effects of neurotrophin, a nerve growth factor, neuropeptide substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Factors affecting the condition of skin innervation and development of inflammation - neurotrophin, a nerve growth factor, amphiregulin, an epidermal growth factor, and semaphorin 3A, a nerve repulsion factor - were examined. Searching for and administering antagonists of proinflammatory effects of neuropeptides, neurotrophins and epidermal growth factor can become new approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammatory dermatoses.
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14
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Ohsawa Y, Hirasawa N. The role of histamine H1 and H4 receptors in atopic dermatitis: from basic research to clinical study. Allergol Int 2014; 63:533-42. [PMID: 25249063 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.13-ra-0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine plays important roles in inflammation and nervous irritability in allergic disorders, including atopic dermatitis (AD). It has been shown to regulate the expression of pruritic factors, such as nerve growth factor and semaphorin 3A, in skin keratinocytes via histamine H1 receptor (H1R). Furthermore, H1R antagonist reduced the level of IL-31, a cytokine involving the skin barrier and pruritus, in chronic dermatitis lesions in NC/Nga mice and patients with AD. Histamine plays roles in the induction of allergic inflammation by activating eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, and Th2 cells via histamine H4 receptor (H4R). H4R, in addition to H1R, is expressed on sensory neurons, and a decrease in scratching behaviors was observed in H4R-deficient mice and mice treated with a H4R antagonist. We found that the combined administration of H1R and H4R antagonists inhibited the itch response and chronic allergic inflammation, and had a pharmacological effect similar to that of prednisolone. Although the oral administration of H1R antagonists is widely used to treat AD, it is not very effective. In contrast, JNJ39758979, a novel H4R antagonist, had marked effects against pruritus in Japanese patients with AD in a phase II clinical trial. Next generation antihistaminic agents possessing H1R and H4R antagonistic actions may be a potent therapeutic drug for AD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Histamine Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Histamine H1 Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Histamine H1 Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H1/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H4
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ohsawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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15
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Chandrasekaran NC, Weir C, Alfraji S, Grice J, Roberts MS, Barnard RT. Effects of magnesium deficiency--more than skin deep. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1280-91. [PMID: 24928863 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214537745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dead Sea and magnesium salt therapy are two of the oldest forms of treatment for skin disease and several other disorders, supported by a body of largely anecdotal evidence. In this paper we review possible pathways for penetration of magnesium ions through the epidermis to reach the circulation, in turn replenishing cellular magnesium levels. We also discuss mechanisms for intercellular movement of magnesium ions and possible mechanisms for the interaction between magnesium ions and inflammatory mediators. Upon addition of magnesium ions in vitro, the expression of inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and nuclear factor κβ (NFκβ) is down regulated. Dysregulation of these and other inflammatory mediators has been linked to several inflammatory disorders, including asthma, arthritis, atherosclerosis and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Chandrakanth Chandrasekaran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Christopher Weir
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sumaya Alfraji
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jeff Grice
- School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ross T Barnard
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Tominaga M, Takamori K. Itch and nerve fibers with special reference to atopic dermatitis: Therapeutic implications. J Dermatol 2014; 41:205-12. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Tominaga
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Urayasu Chiba Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Urayasu Chiba Japan
- Department of Dermatology; Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital; Urayasu Chiba Japan
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17
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KATUNINA OR, CHIKIN VV, ZNAMENSKAYA LF, INOYATOVA LA. Role of neuromediators in the development of skin inflammation in patients with atopic dermatitis. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2013. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters such as neuropeptides and neurotrophins can have an effect on the development of a skin inflammatory reaction and itching as well as condition of nerve fibers. Goal. To assess the expression of neuropeptides and neurotrophins in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods. Expression of neuropeptides of substance P and SP-R receptor, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and CGRP-R receptor, neurotrophin (nerve growth factor) and TrkA receptor as well as amphiregulin enhancing the growth of nerve fibers and semaphorin-3A terminating the growth of nerve fibers was determined in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis based on the immunohistochemistry analysis method. Expression of protein PGP9.5 being a marker of nerve fibers was also determined. Results. The authors discovered penetration of nerve fibers expressing substance P and CGRP into the epidermis in patients with atopic dermatitis. Expression of the nerve growth factor and amphiregulin was discovered in epidermis but no expression of semaphorin-3A was discovered. Conclusion. Nerve fibers expressing neuropeptides such as substance P and CGRP can penetrate into the epidermis in patients with atopic dermatitis, which can maintain the inflammatory reaction and itching in such patients. Expression of the growth factors (nerve growth factor and amphiregulin) can contribute to the growth of nerve fibers and their penetration into epidermis against the background of the absence of any expression of semaphorin-3A inhibiting their growth.
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18
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New concept of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: Interplay among the barrier, allergy, and pruritus as a trinity. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 70:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Takagawa S, Nakamura F, Kumagai K, Nagashima Y, Goshima Y, Saito T. Decreased semaphorin3A expression correlates with disease activity and histological features of rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:40. [PMID: 23343469 PMCID: PMC3558329 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of which the pathogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood. Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) has an immune regulatory role. Neuropilin1 (NRP1), the primary receptor for Sema3A, is also a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165). It has been shown that Sema3A competitively antagonizes VEGF165 signaling. This study investigated whether Sema3A is expressed in synovial tissues, and is associated with disease activity and the histological features of synovial tissues from RA patients. Methods Human synovial tissues samples were obtained from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Disease activity of RA patients was calculated using the 28-joint Disease Activity Score based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP). The histological features of RA synovial tissues were evaluated using Rooney’s inflammation scoring system. The localization of Sema3A, VEGF165 and NRP1 positive cells was immunohistochemically determined in synovial tissues. Expression levels of Sema3A, VEGF-A and NRP1 mRNA were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results In OA specimens, Sema3A, VEGF165 and NRP1 proteins were expressed in the synovial lining and inflammatory cells beneath the lining. Immunohistochemistry revealed the protein expression of Sema3A in synovial lining cells was decreased in RA tissues compared with OA samples. qPCR analysis demonstrated a significant reduction of Sema3A mRNA levels in RA synovial tissue samples than in OA and a significant correlation of the ratio of Sema3A/VEGF-A mRNA expression levels with DAS28-CRP (R = −0.449, p = 0.013). Sema3A mRNA levels also correlated with Rooney’s inflammation score, especially in perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes (R = −0.506, p = 0.004), focal aggregates of lymphocytes (R = −0.501, p = 0.005) and diffuse infiltrates of lymphocytes (R = −0.536, p = 0.002). Conclusions Reduction of Sema3A expression in RA synovial tissues may contribute to pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Takagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Inami Y, Andoh T, Sasaki A, Kuraishi Y. Topical Surfactant-Induced Pruritus: Involvement of Histamine Released from Epidermal Keratinocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:459-66. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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