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Carvalho LADC, Noma IHY, Uehara AH, Siena ÁDD, Osaki LH, Mori MP, Pinto NCDS, Freitas VM, Junior WAS, Smalley KSM, Maria-Engler SS. Modeling Melanoma Heterogeneity In Vitro: Redox, Resistance and Pigmentation Profiles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:555. [PMID: 38790661 PMCID: PMC11118096 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microenvironment and transcriptional plasticity generate subpopulations within the tumor, and the use of BRAF inhibitors (BRAFis) contributes to the rise and selection of resistant clones. We stochastically isolated subpopulations (C1, C2, and C3) from naïve melanoma and found that the clones demonstrated distinct morphology, phenotypic, and functional profiles: C1 was less proliferative, more migratory and invasive, less sensitive to BRAFis, less dependent on OXPHOS, more sensitive to oxidative stress, and less pigmented; C2 was more proliferative, less migratory and invasive, more sensitive to BRAFis, less sensitive to oxidative stress, and more pigmented; and C3 was less proliferative, more migratory and invasive, less sensitive to BRAFis, more dependent on OXPHOS, more sensitive to oxidative stress, and more pigmented. Hydrogen peroxide plays a central role in oxidative stress and cell signaling, and PRDXs are one of its main consumers. The intrinsically resistant C1 and C3 clones had lower MITF, PGC-1α, and PRDX1 expression, while C1 had higher AXL and decreased pigmentation markers, linking PRDX1 to clonal heterogeneity and resistance. PRDX2 is depleted in acquired BRAFi-resistant cells and acts as a redox sensor. Our results illustrate that decreased pigmentation markers are related to therapy resistance and decreased antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Anastacio da Costa Carvalho
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (L.A.d.C.C.); (K.S.M.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (I.H.Y.N.); (A.H.U.)
| | - Isabella Harumi Yonehara Noma
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (I.H.Y.N.); (A.H.U.)
| | - Adriana Hiromi Uehara
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (I.H.Y.N.); (A.H.U.)
| | - Ádamo Davi Diógenes Siena
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (Á.D.D.S.); (W.A.S.J.)
| | - Luciana Harumi Osaki
- Department of Cell Biology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.H.O.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Mateus Prates Mori
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.P.M.); (N.C.d.S.P.)
| | - Nadja Cristhina de Souza Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.P.M.); (N.C.d.S.P.)
| | - Vanessa Morais Freitas
- Department of Cell Biology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.H.O.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva Junior
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (Á.D.D.S.); (W.A.S.J.)
| | - Keiran S. M. Smalley
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (L.A.d.C.C.); (K.S.M.S.)
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (I.H.Y.N.); (A.H.U.)
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Hu W, Wang H, Li K, Lei Z, Xiang F, Li J, Kang X. Identification of active compounds in Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) willd by targeted metabolome MRM and kaempferol promotes HaCaT cell proliferation and reduces oxidative stress. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1343306. [PMID: 38659590 PMCID: PMC11041372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1343306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. is a traditional treatment for vitiligo in Xinjiang. However, its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear owing to its complex composition and limited research on its chemical profile. Methods: We employed a targeted metabolome approach, combining selective reaction monitoring/multiple response monitoring (SRM/MRM) with high-performance liquid chromatography and MRM mass spectrometry to quantitatively analyze the flavonoid constituents of Vernonia anthelmintica. We also used network pharmacology and molecular docking to identify potential vitiligo-linked compounds and targets of V. anthelmintica seeds. Additionally, we assessed HaCaT cell proliferation by AAPH-induced, alongside changes in SOD activity and MDA content, following treatment with V. anthelmintica components. Finally, flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and ROS levels. Results and Discussion: We identified 36 flavonoid compounds in V. anthelmintica seeds, with 14 compounds exhibiting druggability. AKT1, VEGFA, ESR1, PTGS2, and IL2 have been identified as key therapeutic target genes, with PI3K/AKT signaling being an important pathway. Notably, kaempferol, one of the identified compounds, exhibited high expression in network pharmacology analysis. Kaempferol exhibited a strong binding affinity to important targets. Further, kaempferol enhanced HaCaT cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, reduced MDA levels, suppressed ROS activity, and upregulated SOD activity, increase the expression of cellular antioxidant genes, including HO-1, GCLC, GCLM, Nrf2, NQO1 and Keap1, providing significant protection against oxidative stress damage in vitro. Here, we present the first comprehensive study integrating SRM/MRM approaches and network analysis to identify active flavonoid compounds within V. anthelmintica (L.) Willd. Moreover, we revealed that its active ingredient, kaempferol, offers protection against AAPH-induced damage in keratinocytes, highlighting its potential as a clinical resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic Diseases, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research (XJYS1707), Urumqi, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic Diseases, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research (XJYS1707), Urumqi, China
| | - Kaixiao Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic Diseases, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research (XJYS1707), Urumqi, China
| | - Zixian Lei
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic Diseases, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research (XJYS1707), Urumqi, China
| | - Fang Xiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic Diseases, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research (XJYS1707), Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic Diseases, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research (XJYS1707), Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaojing Kang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic Diseases, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research (XJYS1707), Urumqi, China
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Wang D, Qin L, Jing C, Wang G, Zhou H, Deng P, Zhang S, Wang Y, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Wu Z, Liu Y. Biologically active isoquinoline alkaloids covering 2019-2022. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107252. [PMID: 38437763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids are an important class of natural products that are abundant in the plant kingdom and exhibit a wide range of structural diversity and biological activities. With the deepening of research in recent years, more and more isoquinoline alkaloids have been isolated and identified and proved to contain a variety of biological activities and pharmacological effects. In this review, we introduce the research progress of isoquinoline alkaloids from 2019 to 2022, mainly in the part of biological activities, including antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, analgesic, and other activities. This study provides a clear direction for the rational development and utilization of isoquinoline alkaloids, suggesting that these alkaloids have great potential in the field of drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengtuo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Lulu Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chenxin Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guanghan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shaoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanyan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhengrong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Zhao H, Chen Z, Kang X, Yang B, Luo P, Li H, He Q. The frontline of alternatives to animal testing: novel in vitro skin model application in drug development and evaluation. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:152-169. [PMID: 37702017 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The FDA Modernization Act 2.0 has brought nonclinical drug evaluation into a new era. In vitro models are widely used and play an important role in modern drug development and evaluation, including early candidate drug screening and preclinical drug efficacy and toxicity assessment. Driven by regulatory steering and facilitated by well-defined physiology, novel in vitro skin models are emerging rapidly, becoming the most advanced area in alternative testing research. The revolutionary technologies bring us many in vitro skin models, either laboratory-developed or commercially available, which were all built to emulate the structure of the natural skin to recapitulate the skin's physiological function and particular skin pathology. During the model development, how to achieve balance among complexity, accessibility, capability, and cost-effectiveness remains the core challenge for researchers. This review attempts to introduce the existing in vitro skin models, align them on different dimensions, such as structural complexity, functional maturity, and screening throughput, and provide an update on their current application in various scenarios within the scope of chemical testing and drug development, including testing in genotoxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization, corrosion/irritation. Overall, the review will summarize a general strategy for in vitro skin model to enhance future model invention, application, and translation in drug development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaozeng Chen
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xingchen Kang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Yuan H, Wang B, Ye Z, Li S. Berberine Alleviates the Damage, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction of PC12 Cells Induced by High Glucose by Activating the KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1632-1643. [PMID: 36737555 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is one of the major chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of berberine (BBR) on the damage of PC12 cells induced by high glucose (HG). Differentiated PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of glucose/BBR. The cell morphology, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, apoptosis, oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial complex I-V activity, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were evaluated. The mRNA and protein levels of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway-related genes were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. High-dose BBR and HG jointly treated-PC12 cells were treated with Nrf2-specific inhibitor ML385 to further verify whether Nrf2 was the target of BBR. The results showed that BBR inhibited cell damage, OS, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by HG. The inhibitory effect of high BBR was more significant. The Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway was inhibited in PC12 cells induced by HG. BBR could activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, thus up-regulating the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes. ML385 antagonized the ameliorating effect of BBR on OS and mitochondrial dysfunction. The conclusion is that BBR can activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, upregulate the expression patterns of antioxidant enzymes, and reduce cell damage, OS, and mitochondrial dysfunction of PC12 cells induced by HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.1 South Second Street, Fei'e West Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.1 South Second Street, Fei'e West Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zicheng Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.1 South Second Street, Fei'e West Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Saimei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.1 South Second Street, Fei'e West Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China.
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Xie B, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Xu W, Song X. Treatment update for vitiligo based on autoimmune inhibition and melanocyte protection. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:189-206. [PMID: 36947026 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2193329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of vitiligo remains challenging due to the complexity of its pathogenesis, influenced by genetic factors, oxidative stress and abnormal cell adhesion that collectively impact melanocyte survival and trigger immune system attacks, resulting in melanocyte death. Melanocytes in vitiligo are believed to exhibit genetic susceptibility and defects in cellular mechanisms, such as defects in autophagy, that reduce their ability to resist oxidative stress, leading to increased expression of the pro-inflammatory protein HSP70. The low expression of adhesion molecules, such as DDR1 and E-cadherin, accelerates melanocyte damage and antigen exposure. Consequently, autoimmune attacks centered on IFN-γ-CXCR9/10-CXCR3-CD8+ T cells are initiated, causing vitiligo. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the latest knowledge on the pathogenesis of vitiligo and potential therapeutic targets from the perspective of suppressing autoimmune attacks and activating melanocytes functions. EXPERT OPINION Vitiligo is one of the most challenging dermatological diseases due to its complex pathogenesis with diverse therapeutic targets. Immune suppression, such as corticosteroids and emerging JAK inhibitors, has proven effective in disease progression. However, during the early stages of the disease, it is also important to optimize therapeutic strategies to activate melanocytes for alleviating oxidative stress and improving treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Binwen Rd 548, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Binwen Rd 548, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Yuhangtang Rd 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
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Wu H, Niu C, Aisa HA. Research Progress of Small Molecules as Anti-vitiligo Agents. Curr Med Chem 2023; 31:CMC-EPUB-129498. [PMID: 36786141 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230214103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a disease characterized by skin discoloration, and no safe and effective drugs have been developed until now. New drug research and development are imminent. This article reviews the research on small-molecule drugs for vitiligo from 1990 to 2021 at home and abroad. They are classified according to their structures and mechanisms of action, including natural products and derivatives, anti-oxidative stress drugs, immunosuppressants, prostaglandins, etc. The research on their anti-vitiligo activity, structural modification, new dosage forms, clinical trials, and the development trend in new anti-vitiligo drugs are reviewed, which provides important references for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang indigenous medicinal plants resource utilization, CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Ürümqi China
| | - Chao Niu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang indigenous medicinal plants resource utilization, CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Ürümqi China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang indigenous medicinal plants resource utilization, CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Ürümqi China
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Ogawa T, Ishitsuka Y. NRF2 in the Epidermal Pigmentary System. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010020. [PMID: 36671405 PMCID: PMC9855619 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a major part of the environmental responses and tissue development of the integumentary system. The balance between reduction and oxidation (redox) governs pigmentary responses, for which coordination among epidermal resident cells is indispensable. Here, we review the current understanding of melanocyte biology with a particular focus on the "master regulator" of oxidative stress responses (i.e., the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with cap'n'collar homology-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 system) and the autoimmune pigment disorder vitiligo. Our investigation revealed that the former is essential in pigmentogenesis, whereas the latter results from unbalanced redox homeostasis and/or defective intercellular communication in the interfollicular epidermis (IFE). Finally, we propose a model in which keratinocytes provide a "niche" for differentiated melanocytes and may "imprint" IFE pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-66-879-3031; Fax: +81-66-879-3039
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Qadir A, Ullah SNMN, Jahan S, Ali A, Khan N. Drug delivery of natural products through nano-carriers for effective vitiligo therapy: A compendia review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5386-5404. [PMID: 35699364 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a depigmenting illness that causes white areas on the skin. Vitiligo's pathogenetic genesis is based on the melanocyte's autoimmune destruction, in which oxidative stress causes melanocyte molecular, organelle, and exposure of antigen, as well as melanocyte cell death, and so plays a role in vitiligo progression. Natural compounds have recently shown a wide range of therapeutic bioactivities against a number of skin disorders. AIM The aim of this work is drug delivery of natural products through nano-carriers for effective vitiligo therapy: A compendia review. METHODS & MATERIALS An online literature analysis was guided for vitiligo therapy, nanotechnology, phytochemical composition, and, types of vitiligo, types of nanomedicine. Appropriate information were taken from different electronic scientific databases such as Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Springer, PubMed, and scripts. RESULTS Nano-carriers-based natural compounds provide a great relationship for the enhancement in the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of vitiligo. DISCUSSION In this study focuses on natural compounds' effects and processes on vitiligo models. Although topical therapy plays an important role in vitiligo treatment, its utility and patient compliance are hampered by adverse effects or inadequate efficacy. Novel drug delivery techniques can help improve topical medication delivery by improving epidermal localization, reducing side effects, and increasing effectiveness. CONCLUSION This paper covers the significant potential of herbal-derived active compounds as anti-vitiligo drugs, as well as new drug delivery as a viable carrier and future possibilities to investigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Department of Research and Developments, Herbalfarm Health Care Private Limited, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Samreen Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nausheen Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Panieri E, Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Saso L. NRF2, a crucial modulator of skin cells protection against vitiligo, psoriasis, and cancer. Biofactors 2022; 49:228-250. [PMID: 36310374 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The skin represents a physical barrier between the organism and the environment that has evolved to confer protection against biological, chemical, and physical insults. The inner layer, known as dermis, is constituted by connective tissue and different types of immune cells whereas the outer layer, the epidermis, is composed by different layers of keratinocytes and an abundant number of melanocytes, localized in the stratum basale of the epidermis. Oxidative stress is a common alteration of inflammatory skin disorders such as vitiligo, dermatitis, or psoriasis but can also play a causal role in skin carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) has emerged as a crucial regulator of cell defense mechanisms activating complex transcriptional programs that facilitate reactive oxygen species detoxification, repair oxidative damage and prevent xenobiotic-induced toxicity. Accumulating evidence suggests that the keratinocytes, melanocytes, and other skin cell types express high levels of NRF2, which is known to play a pivotal role in the skin homeostasis, differentiation, and metabolism during normal and pathologic conditions. In the present review, we summarize the current evidence linking NRF2 to skin pathophysiology and we discuss some recent modulators of NRF2 activity that have shown a therapeutic efficacy in skin protection against tumor initiation and common inflammatory skin conditions such as vitiligo or psoriasis, with a particular emphasis on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of General Direction (DG), Section of Hazardous Substances, Environmental Education and Training for the Technical Coordination of Management Activities (DGTEC), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Romano-Lozano V, Cruz-Avelar A, Peralta-Pedrero M. [Translated article] Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Vitiligo. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Factor nuclear eritroide similar al factor 2 en el vitíligo. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2022; 113:705-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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13
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Sevilla A, Chéret J, Slominski RM, Slominski AT, Paus R. Revisiting the role of melatonin in human melanocyte physiology: A skin context perspective. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12790. [PMID: 35133682 PMCID: PMC8930624 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily ancient methoxyindoleamine, melatonin, has long perplexed investigators by its versatility of functions and mechanisms of action, which include the regulation of vertebrate pigmentation. Although first discovered through its potent skin-lightening effects in amphibians, melatonin's role in human skin and hair follicle pigmentation and its impact on melanocyte physiology remain unclear. Synthesizing our limited current understanding of this role, we specifically examine its impact on melanogenesis, oxidative biology, mitochondrial function, melanocyte senescence, and pigmentation-related clock gene activity, with emphasis on human skin, yet without ignoring instructive pointers from nonhuman species. Given the strict dependence of melanocyte functions on the epithelial microenvironment, we underscore that melanocyte responses to melatonin are best interrogated in a physiological tissue context. Current evidence suggests that melatonin and some of its metabolites inhibit both, melanogenesis (via reducing tyrosinase activity) and melanocyte proliferation by stimulating melatonin membrane receptors (MT1, MT2). We discuss whether putative melanogenesis-inhibitory effects of melatonin may occur via activation of Nrf2-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling, estrogen receptor-mediated and/or melanocortin-1 receptor- and cAMP-dependent signaling, and/or via melatonin-regulated changes in peripheral clock genes that regulate human melanogenesis, namely Bmal1 and Per1. Melatonin and its metabolites also accumulate in melanocytes where they exert net cyto- and senescence-protective as well as antioxidative effects by operating as free radical scavengers, stimulating the synthesis and activity of ROS scavenging enzymes and other antioxidants, promoting DNA repair, and enhancing mitochondrial function. We argue that it is clinically and biologically important to definitively clarify whether melanocyte cell culture-based observations translate into melatonin-induced pigmentary changes in a physiological tissue context, that is, in human epidermis and hair follicles ex vivo, and are confirmed by clinical trial results. After defining major open questions in this field, we close by suggesting how to begin answering them in clinically relevant, currently available preclinical in situ research models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Sevilla
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Radomir M. Slominski
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Pathology Laboratory Service, Veteran Administration Medical Center at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294, USA
- Corresponding authors: Ralf Paus, MD, DSc: ; Andrzej T. Slominski, MD, PhD:
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
- CUTANEON – Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany
- Corresponding authors: Ralf Paus, MD, DSc: ; Andrzej T. Slominski, MD, PhD:
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14
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Fuzhuan Brick Tea Boosts Melanogenesis and Prevents Hair Graying through Reduction of Oxidative Stress via NRF2- HO-1 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030599. [PMID: 35326249 PMCID: PMC8945210 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-graying effect of the hexane fraction of Fuzhuan brick tea is investigated in Melan-A cells and C57BL/6 mice. As a result, it is found that reactive oxygen species-induced damage is associated with the reduction of melanogenesis in hair bulb melanocytes when reactive oxygen species generation in Melan-A cells occurred. The results revealed that the hexane fraction of Fuzhuan brick tea could remarkably reduce reactive oxygen species generation in Melan-A cells; meanwhile, it could increase the cellular tyrosinase and melanin content, as well as up-regulate the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1, tyrosinase related protein-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, and activate the MAP-kinase pathway through activating the phosphorylation of p38 c-Jun N terminal kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Furthermore, high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis reveals that the tea's major ingredients in hexane fraction include gallic acid, theaflavin, theobromine, caffeine, epicatechin, and quercetin. Together, the current results suggest that Fuzhuan brick tea proves to protect from the damage of hydroquinone, which induces hair pigment loss.
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15
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Research Progress on Targeted Antioxidant Therapy and Vitiligo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1821780. [PMID: 35320978 PMCID: PMC8938057 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1821780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmenting disease characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes and epidermal melanin. Vitiligo has a long treatment cycle and slow results, which is one of the most difficult challenges for skin diseases. Oxidative stress plays an important role as an initiating and driving factor in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Antioxidant therapy has recently become a research hotspot in vitiligo treatment. A series of antioxidants has been discovered and applied to the treatment of vitiligo, which has returned satisfactory results. This article briefly reviews the relationship between oxidative stress and vitiligo. We also describe the progress of targeted antioxidant therapy in vitiligo, with the aim of providing a reference for new drug development and treatment options for this condition.
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16
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Elhalmoushy PM, Elsheikh MA, Matar NA, El-Hadidy WF, Kamel MA, Omran GA, Elnaggar YS. Novel Berberine-Loaded Hyalurosomes as A Promising Nanodermatological Treatment for Vitiligo: Biochemical, Biological and Gene Expression Studies. Int J Pharm 2022; 615:121523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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An R, Li D, Dong Y, She Q, Zhou T, Nie X, Pan R, Deng Y. Methylcobalamin Protects Melanocytes from H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4837-4848. [PMID: 34876806 PMCID: PMC8643160 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s336066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress is considered a major determinant in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Methylcobalamin (MeCbl) is an activated form of vitamin B12 that regulates inflammatory factors, counters oxidative stress, and reduces apoptosis in many disease models. However, the specific mechanism of MeCbl repigmentation against vitiligo is unknown. In this study, we explored the effect of MeCbl on melanocytes following hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. Methods We established an oxidative stress model using the immortalized human normal melanocyte cell line PIG1. We used a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) to detect drug cytotoxicity, and we measured the melanin content of cells using the NaOH method. Intracellular oxidative damage was assessed by flow cytometry and antioxidant enzyme detection kits. In addition, we assessed the presence of apoptosis by flow cytometry and Western blots. We explored the underlying mechanisms of MeCbl during oxidative stress in melanocytes by analyzing the results of experiments based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, and laser scanning confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Finally, we repeated the experiments after applying an inhibitor to block the Nrf2 pathway. Results We found that MeCbl treatment enhanced cell viability, increased melanin content, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, increased the activities of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), reduced melanocyte apoptosis, and up-regulated the expression of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Moreover, the protective effects of MeCbl were significantly weakened after inhibiting the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Conclusion Our results indicate that MeCbl attenuated the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in melanocytes by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, this suggests that MeCbl may be an effective treatment against vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun She
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Nie
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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18
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Pang Y, Wu S, He Y, Nian Q, Lei J, Yao Y, Guo J, Zeng J. Plant-Derived Compounds as Promising Therapeutics for Vitiligo. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685116. [PMID: 34858164 PMCID: PMC8631938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting disorder characterized by white patches in the skin. The pathogenetic origin of vitiligo revolves around autoimmune destruction of melanocytes in which, for instance, oxidative stress is responsible for melanocyte molecular, organelle dysfunction and melanocyte specific antigen exposure as well as melanocyte cell death and thus serves as an important contributor for vitiligo progression. In recent years, natural products have shown a wide range of pharmacological bioactivities against many skin diseases, and this review focuses on the effects and mechanisms of natural compounds against vitiligo models. It is showed that some natural compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, glycosides and coumarins have a protective role in melanocytes and thereby arrest the depigmentation, and, additionally, Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK, JAK/STAT, cAMP/PKA, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways were reported to be implicated in these protective effects. This review discusses the great potential of plant derived natural products as anti-vitiligo agents, as well as the future directions to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobin Pang
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingjie He
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Nian
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yejing Yao
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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19
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Xiong J, Yang J, Yan K, Guo J. Ginsenoside Rk1 protects human melanocytes from H 2O 2‑induced oxidative injury via regulation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:821. [PMID: 34558653 PMCID: PMC8485120 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a cutaneous depigmentation disorder caused by melanocyte injury or aberrant functioning. Oxidative stress (OS) is considered to be a major cause of the onset and progression of vitiligo. Ginsenoside Rk1 (RK1), a major compound isolated from ginseng, has antioxidant activity. However, whether RK1 can protect melanocytes against oxidative injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential protective effect of RK1 against OS in the human PIG1 melanocyte cell line induced with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and to explore its underlying mechanism. PIG1 cells were pretreated with RK1 (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mM) for 2 h followed by exposure to 1.0 mM H2O2 for 24 h. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined with Cell Counting Kit‑8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px) were analyzed using ELISA kits. Protein expression levels, including Bax, caspase‑3, Bcl‑2, phosphorylated‑AKT, AKT, nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1), cytosolic Nrf2 and nuclear Nrf2, were analyzed using western blot analysis. In addition, the expression and localization of Nrf2 were detected by immunofluorescence. RK1 treatment significantly improved cell viability, reduced the apoptotic rate and increased the activity levels of SOD, CAT and GSH‑Px in the PIG1 cell line exposed to H2O2. In addition, RK1 treatment notably induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increased the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO‑1, and the ratio of phosphorylated‑AKT to AKT in the PIG1 cells exposed to H2O2. Furthermore, LY294002 could reverse the protective effect of RK1 in melanocytes against oxidative injury. These data demonstrated that RK1 protected melanocytes from H2O2‑induced OS by regulating Nrf2/HO‑1 protein expression, which may provide evidence for the application of RK1 for the treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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20
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Jin BR, An HJ. Oral administration of berberine represses macrophage activation-associated benign prostatic hyperplasia: a pivotal involvement of the NF-κB. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20016-20028. [PMID: 34411001 PMCID: PMC8436894 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common chronic diseases in men over the age of 50. Clinical studies have suggested that chronic inflammation is associated with BPH pathoprogression. Berberine (BB) is a natural compound found in Berberis vulgaris, Coptis chinensis and Phellodendron amurense. Although several studies have documented that BB may be effective for inflammation, the effects of the oral administration of BB on BPH are not fully understood. The effects of BB on chronic prostatic inflammation were evaluated in a testosterone-induced BPH animal model. Orally administered BB alleviated the pathological alterations induced by BPH and significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers while enhancing the expression of antioxidant factors. Furthermore, BB regulated the activation of macrophages via NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition in the BPH rat model. The effects and underlying signaling pathway of BB in RWPE-1 cells exposed to macrophage conditioned medium (CM) were also demonstrated in vitro. While CM stimulation induced prostatic cell proliferation and upregulated the expression of inflammatory factors, BB exerted anti-proliferation and anti-inflammatory effects in RWPE-1 cells. These findings propose that BB suppresses androgen-dependent BPH development by targeting NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea
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21
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Zhang J, Mou Y, Gong H, Chen H, Xiao H. Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor in Senescence and Age-Related Diseases. Gerontology 2021; 67:708-717. [PMID: 33940580 DOI: 10.1159/000515525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) has been known for decades as a key regulator for melanocytic differentiation, recent studies expanded its other roles in multiple biological processes. Among these newfound roles, the relationship between MITF and aging is attractive; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we review the documented cues that highlight the implication of MITF in the aging process and particularly discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the participation of MITF in cellular senescence. First, it summarizes the association of MITF with melanocytic senescence, including the roles of MITF in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, oxidative stress response, and the generation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Then, it collects the information involving MITF-related senescent changes in nonmelanocytes, such as retinal pigment epithelium cells, osteoclasts, and cardiomyocytes. This review may deepen the understanding of MITF function and be helpful to develop new strategies for improving geriatric health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Lab for Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Mou
- Geroscience and Chronic Disease Department, The 8th Municipal Hospital for the People, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Lab for Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghan Chen
- Lab for Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyi Xiao
- Lab for Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Chen J, Li S, Li C. Mechanisms of melanocyte death in vitiligo. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1138-1166. [PMID: 33200838 PMCID: PMC7983894 DOI: 10.1002/med.21754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune depigment disease results from extensive melanocytes destruction. The destruction of melanocyte is thought to be of multifactorial causation. Genome-wide associated studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a panel of susceptible loci as risk factors in melanocyte death. But vitiligo onset can't be solely attributed to a susceptive genetic background. Oxidative stress triggered by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species accounts for melanocytic molecular and organelle dysfunction, a minority of melanocyte demise, and melanocyte-specific antigens exposure. Of note, the self-responsive immune function directly contributes to the bulk of melanocyte deaths in vitiligo. The aberrantly heightened innate immunity, type-1-skewed T helper, and incompetent regulatory T cells tip the balance toward autoreaction and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes finally execute the killing of melanocytes, possibly alarmed by resident memory T cells. In addition to the well-established apoptosis and necrosis, we discuss several death modalities like oxeiptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis that are probably employed in melanocyte destruction. This review focuses on the various mechanisms of melanocytic death in vitiligo pathogenesis to demonstrate a panorama of that. We hope to provide new insights into vitiligo pathogenesis and treatment strategies by the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Chen
- Department of DermatologyXijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
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23
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Berberine for Appetite Suppressant and Prevention of Obesity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:3891806. [PMID: 33415147 PMCID: PMC7752296 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3891806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), a natural plant product, has been shown to have antidiabetic, cholesterol-reducing effects. To investigate the action of BBR as appetite suppressants, two experimental protocols were performed. In the first experiment, the mice were fed either a normal-chow diet or a high-fat diet (HF). The mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of BBR (10 mg/kg or saline at 1 ml/kg) for 3 weeks. To determine the antiobesity effects of BBR, the food consumption, body weight, fat contents, serum leptin, and glucose level were investigated. In the second experiment, we set out to validate the effect of BBR on central neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulated rats. Experiments were carried out in 24-hour fasted rats, and then food intake and glucose level were subsequently recorded for 1 hour. The experimental groups were subdivided into the intra-3rd ventricular microinjections of ACSF (artificial cerebrospinal fluid), neuropeptide Y (NPY; 100 nM), NPY+BBR (10 nM), and NPY+BBR (100 nM) group. And then the blood glucose level was examined. In the first experiment, treatment with BBR in the HF diet mice reduced food intake, body weight, fat contents, serum leptin, and glucose level. In the second experiment, the NPY-injected group increased food intake by 39.3%, and food intake was reduced in the BBR group by 47.5%, compared with the ACSF-injected group. Also, the serum glucose level in the NPY+BBR (100 nM) group was significantly lower than that in the NPY (100 nM) group. The results suggest that BBR improved lipid dysregulation in obesity by controlling the central obesity related pathway.
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24
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Su M, Tang R, Wang H, Lu L. Suppression effect of plant-derived berberine on cyprinid herpesvirus 2 proliferation and its pharmacokinetics in Crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Antiviral Res 2020; 186:105000. [PMID: 33359191 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.105000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), which infects silver crucian carp including goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) and Crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) with high mortality, is an emerging viral pathogen worldwide. Previous studies showed that berberine (BBR), a bioactive plant-derived alkaloid, demonstrated potential antiviral actions against many different viruses. Here, we assessed the effect of berberine hydrochloride (BBH) on the replication of CyHV-2 in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxicity assay indicated that 5-25 μg/mL BBH was non-toxic to the RyuF-2 cells. In viral inhibition assays, real time PCR was employed to titrate the genomic copy number of progeny virus, real time RT-PCR was applied to monitor the transcriptional levels of viral genes, and Western blot analysis was performed to detect the synthetic levels of viral proteins. The results demonstrated that BBH systematically impedes the viral gene transcription and suppressed the replication of CyHV-2 in RyuF-2 cells. In animal challenge test, BBH was confirmed to protect Crucian carps from CyHV-2 infection in a dose-dependent manner, which was supported by suppressed viral replication levels, reduced viral pathogenesis and higher survival rates. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics data of BBH in Crucian carp revealed its rapid absorption (Tmax of 1.5 h), suitable plasma half-life (t1/2z/h of 7-12 h depending on oral dosage), and dose-dependent drug exposure properties following oral administration (revealed by AUC0-t values). These findings shed light on repurposing BBH to treat CyHV-2 infections in silver crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Su
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, 201306, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ruizhe Tang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, 201306, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Ministry for Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liqun Lu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, 201306, Shanghai, PR China.
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Lin X, Meng X, Song Z, Lin J. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a potential therapeutic target for vitiligo. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 696:108670. [PMID: 33186606 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease of the skin which causes loss of melanocytes from the epidermis. Recently, it is demonstrated that oxidative stress (OS) plays a significant role in the immuno-pathogenesis of vitiligo. A major mechanism in the cellular defense against OS is activation of the nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor (Nrf2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) signaling pathway. Recently it has been shown that vitiligo melanocytes have impaired Nrf2-ARE signaling. A number of drugs including those known as Nrf2 activators and those known to possess effects to activate Nrf2, have been used in treating vitiligo with certain therapeutic effects. Also, studies have shown that a number of compounds can protect melanocytes against OS via activating Nrf2. These compounds may be considered as candidates for developing new drugs for vitiligo in the future. Nrf2 can be considered as a potential therapeutic target for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Axia Women's Health, 450 Cresson BLVD, Oaks, PA, 19456, USA.
| | - Zhiqi Song
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Back to Nucleus: Combating with Cadmium Toxicity Using Nrf2 Signaling Pathway as a Promising Therapeutic Target. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:52-62. [PMID: 31786752 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There are concerns about the spread of heavy metals in the environment, and human activities are one of the most important factors in their spread. These agents have the high half-life resulting in their persistence in the environment. So, prevention of their spread is the first step. However, heavy metals are an inevitable part of modern and industrial life and they are applied in different fields. Cadmium is one of the heavy metals which has high carcinogenesis ability. Industrial waste, vehicle emissions, paints, and fertilizers are ways of exposing human to cadmium. This potentially toxic agent harmfully affects the various organs and systems of body such as the liver, kidney, brain, and cardiovascular system. Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathways of cadmium toxicity. So, improving the antioxidant defense system can be considered as a potential target. On the other hand, the Nrf2 signaling pathway involves improving the antioxidant capacity by promoting the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. At the present review, we demonstrate how Nrf2 signaling pathway can be modulated to diminish the cadmium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Huang CH, Wang FT, Chan WH. Dose-dependent beneficial and harmful effects of berberine on mouse oocyte maturation and fertilization and fetal development. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:431-443. [PMID: 32905254 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from several traditional Chinese herbal medicines, suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in some tumor cell lines. It has also been shown that berberine possesses anti-atherosclerosis and antioxidant activities in hyperlipidemic model rats. Our previous study in mice found that berberine causes harmful effects on preimplantation and postimplantation embryonic development, both in vitro and in vivo, by triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptotic cascades in mouse blastocysts. In the current investigation, we further showed that berberine treatment has distinct dose-dependent effects on oocyte maturation and subsequent development. Preincubation of oocytes with 2.5 μM berberine significantly enhanced maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) rates, with subsequent beneficial effects on embryonic development. In contrast, preincubation with 10 μM berberine negatively impacted mouse oocyte maturation, decreased IVF rates and impaired subsequent embryonic development. Similar dose-dependent effects were also demonstrated in vivo. Specifically, intravenous injection of berberine significantly enhanced mouse oocyte maturation, IVF rate and early-stage embryo development after fertilization at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight but significantly impaired oocyte maturation and IVF rates and caused harmful effects on early embryonic development at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Mechanistically, we found that berberine enhanced intracellular ROS production and apoptosis of oocytes at a concentration of 10 μM but actually significantly decreased total intracellular ROS content and had no apoptotic effect at a concentration of 2.5 μM. Moreover, pretreatment of oocytes with Ac-DEVD-cho, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor, effectively blocked berberine-induced negative impacts on oocyte maturation, fertilization and subsequent development. Collectively, these findings establish the dose-dependent beneficial versus deleterious effects of berberine and suggest that the mechanism underlying the deleterious effects of berberine involves a caspase-3-dependent apoptotic process acting downstream of an increase in intracellular ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health & Welfare, hongshan Road, Taoyuan District, Taoyuan City 33004, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ting Wang
- Rehabilitation and Technical Aid Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Shipai Road, Beitou District, Taipei City 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
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SFRP5 inhibits melanin synthesis of melanocytes in vitiligo by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Genes Dis 2020; 8:677-688. [PMID: 34291139 PMCID: PMC8278527 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) plays a pivotal role in regulating the development of many tissues and organs, however, as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, the role of SFRP5 in vitiligo remains unknown. Hence, we speculated that SFRP5 might be associated with melanogenesis in melanocytes by regulating Wnt signaling in vitiligo. In this study, we found that SFRP5 was overexpressed in the skin lesions of patients with vitiligo. Compared with that in normal epidermal melanocytes (PIG1), the expression of SFRP5 was increased in vitiligo melanocytes (PIG3V). To investigate the effect of SFRP5 on melanin synthesis, PIG1 cells were infected with recombinant SFRP5 adenovirus (AdSFRP5), and PIG3V cells were infected with recombinant siSFRP5 adenovirus (AdsiSFRP5). The results showed that SFRP5 overexpression inhibited melanin synthesis in PIG1 cells through downregulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its target proteins via suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Accordingly, SFRP5 silencing increased melanin synthesis and activated the Wnt signaling pathway in PIG3V cells. Moreover, SFRP5 overexpression also downregulated the transcriptional activity of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) in PIG1 cells. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect of SFRP5 on melanin synthesis was reversed by treatment with the β-catenin agonist, SKL2001. The inhibitory action of SFRP5 in pigmentation was further confirmed in vivo using a nude mouse model. Hence, our results indicate that SFRP5 can inhibit melanogenesis in melanocytes. Additionally, our findings showed that SFRP5 plays a vital role in the development of vitiligo, and thus may serve as a potential therapeutic target for vitiligo.
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Zhao T, Liu X, Sun Z, Zhang J, Zhang X, Wang C, Geng R, Zheng T, Li B, Zheng QY. RNA-seq analysis of potential lncRNAs for age-related hearing loss in a mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7491-7510. [PMID: 32335544 PMCID: PMC7202524 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (AHL) is an important health problem in the elderly population. Its molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the cochleae of six-week-old and one-year-old C57BL/6J mice through RNA-seq analysis. We found 738 and 2033 differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively, in these two groups (corrected P < 0.05). We focused on the intersection of known genes associated with hearing loss and differentially expressed mRNAs in RNA-seq. There are 34 mRNAs in this intersection, which include all 29 mRNAs enriched in the sensory perception of sound (GO: 0007605). We selected 11 lncRNAs that are predicted to regulate the 34 mRNAs to validate their expression levels in animal and cellular models of AHL by qRT-PCR. Among these lncRNAs, four were significantly different in both animal and cellular models of AHL, and the lncRNA NONMMUT010961.2 was the most markedly different. Knocking down lncRNA NONMMUT010961.2, we found the expression of oxidative stress and apoptosis-related gene Ar and hearing loss-related gene Hgf is significantly reduced in HEI-OC1 cells. Our results suggest that lncRNAs NONMMUT010961.2 may be associated with AHL and may thus lead to a new treatment for AHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiuzhen Liu
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Zehua Sun
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Chaoyun Wang
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruishuang Geng
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tihua Zheng
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qing Yin Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
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Zhu X, Wei Y, Yang B, Yin X, Guo X. The mitohormetic response as part of the cytoprotection mechanism of berberine : Berberine induces mitohormesis and mechanisms. Mol Med 2020; 26:10. [PMID: 31973689 PMCID: PMC6979287 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-0136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It was well-known that Berberine, a major bioactive compound extracted from natural plants Coptis chinensis, has anti-diabetic effects for decades in china. Other types of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, and anti-cancer effects, have also been examined. At cellular level, these pharmacological activities were mostly an inhibitory effect. However, the cytoprotective effect of berberine was also observed in various types of cells, such as neurons, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and β-cells. The paradoxical result may be closely associated with characteristics and distribution of berberine within cells, and they can be explained mechanically by mitohormesis, one particular form of hormesis. Here, we reviewed the mitohormetic response and assessed the berberine-induced effects and the possible signaling pathway involved. These findings may contribute to better clinical applications of berberine and indicate that some mitochondria-targeted conventional drugs should be considered carefully in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China. .,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Yihui Wei
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Beibei Yang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yin
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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31
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Yuan Z, Yang L, Zhang X, Ji P, Hua Y, Wei Y. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction Ameliorates Acute Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via Regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways and Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1354. [PMID: 31849642 PMCID: PMC6900672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and injury of mucosal barrier are closely related to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Huang-lian-Jie-du Decoction (HLJDD) is a well-known prescription of traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities, which may be used to treat UC. However, its therapeutic effect and mechanism are still unclear. In this study, the UC model of BABL/c mice were established by DSS [3.5% (w/v)], and HLJDD was given orally for treatment at the same time. During the experiment, the clinical symptoms of mice were scored by disease activity index (DAI). Besides, the effects of HLJDD on immune function, oxidative stress, colon NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathway, and intestinal mucosal barrier function in UC mice were also investigated. The results showed that HLJDD could alleviate body weight loss and DAI score of UC mice, inhibit colonic shortening and relieve colonic pathological damage, and reduce plasma and colon MPO levels. In addition, HLJDD treatment significantly up-regulated plasma IL-10, down-regulated TNF-α and IL-1β levels, and inhibited the expression of NF-κB p65, p-IκKα/β, and p-IκBα proteins in the colon. Moreover, NO and MDA levels in colon tissues were significantly reduced after HLJDD treatment, while GSH, SOD levels and Nrf2, Keap1 protein expression levels were remarkably elevated. Additionally, HLJDD also protected intestinal mucosa by increasing the secretion of mucin and the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in colonic mucosa. These results indicate that HLJDD could effectively alleviate DSS-induced mice UC by suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway, activating Nrf2 signaling pathway, and enhancing intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongli Hua
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanming Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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